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Introduction: The cancer patient undergoes a series of metabolic and nutritional changes due to the disease and the treatments used. Studies reveal that supplementation with enteral formulas and immunomodulatory diets with specific nutrients can improve nutritional status, immune system and act in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Objective: To analyze through the scientific literature, the effects of the use of immunomodulatory diets in surgical patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review study, carried out from May to July 2020, using articles indexed in the VHL, PubMed and SciELO databases through the descriptors: “enteral nutrition”, “surgery”, “cancer gastrointestinal "," arginine "," omega-3 fatty acids "and" glutamine ", combined with the Boolean operator" and ", available in Portuguese, English and Spanish published in the last 10 years. A total of 236 articles were found and 11 made up the sample after applying the inclusion criteria. Results: Studies demonstrate that supplementation with immunomodulatory diets in surgical patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is effective, since they help to improve the inflammatory and immune response and nutritional status, reducing postoperative complications, allowing for better recovery and reduction of length of hospital stay. Conclusions: Based on the results, nutritional therapy with immunomodulatory diets can help in modulating the immune system, inflammation; reduce oxidative stress and risks of malnutrition in the perioperative period, making it a safe supplement. Introdução: O paciente oncológico sofre uma série de alterações metabólicas e nutricionais em decorrência da doença e dos tratamentos utilizados. Estudos revelam que a suplementação com formulas enterais e dietas imunomoduladoras com nutrientes específicos podem melhorar o estado nutricional, sistema imunológico e agir na modulação da resposta inflamatória. Objetivo: Analisar através da literatura cientifica, os efeitos do uso de dietas imunomoduladoras em pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer do trato gastrointestinal. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no período de maio a julho de 2020, utilizando artigos indexados nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e SciELO através dos descritores: “nutrição enteral”, “cirurgia”, “câncer gastrointestinal”, “arginina”, “ácidos graxos ômega-3” e “glutamina”, combinados ao operador booleano “and”, disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Foram encontrados no total 236 artigos e 11 compuseram a amostra após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Estudos demonstram que a suplementação com dietas imunomoduladoras em pacientes cirúrgicos de câncer do trato gastrointestinal é eficaz, visto que auxiliam na melhora da resposta inflamatória, imunológica, e no estado nutricional, diminuindo as complicações pós-operatórias possibilitando uma melhor recuperação e redução do tempo de permanência hospitalar. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados a terapia nutricional com dietas imunomoduladoras pode auxiliar na modulação do sistema imune, inflamação, reduzir estresse oxidativo e risco de desnutrição no peri operatório, tornando-a uma suplementação segura.

Although intracerebral transplantation of various fibroblast(-like) cell populations has been shown feasible, little is known about the actual in vivo remodeling of these cellular grafts and their environment. In this study, we aimed to compare the in vitro and in vivo behavior of two phenotypically similar but developmentally distinct fibroblast-like cell populations, namely, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) and mouse fetal membrane-derived stromal cells (mFMSCs). While both mEFs and mFMSCs are readily able to reduce TNF-alpha secretion by LPS/IFN-gamma-activated BV-2 microglia, mFMSCs and mEFs display strikingly opposite behavior with regard to VEGF production under normal and inflammatory conditions. Whereas mFMSCs downregulate VEGF production upon coculture with LPS/IFN-gamma-activated BV-2 microglia, mEFs upregulate VEGF production in the presence of LPS/IFN-gamma-activated BV-2 microglia. Subsequently, in vivo grafting of mFMSCs and IDEFs revealed no difference in microglial and astroglial responses toward the cellular grafts. However, mFMSC grafts displayed a lower degree of neoangiogenesis compared to mEF grafts, thereby potentially explaining the lower cell number able to survive in mFMSC grafts. In summary, our results suggest that physiological differences between fibroblast-like cell populations might lie at the basis of variations in histopathological and/or clinical outcome following cell grafting in mouse brain. This work was supported by research grants G.0136.11 and G.0130.11 (granted to Z.B. and P.P.) of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium) and in part by a Methusalem research grant from the Flemish government (granted to Z.B. and H.G.). Nathalie De Vocht and Chloe Hoornaert hold a Ph.D.-studentship from the FWO-Vlaanderen. Debbie Le Blon holds a Ph.D.-studentship from the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology (IWT). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.