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Context: Hydrogen is a crucial element in the transition towards a green economy. In various sectors, hydrogen opens up decarbonization paths where direct or battery electric systems cannot meet high energy demands or where no other alternatives to fossil raw and auxiliary materials are applicable. Qualified workers are a crucial factor for the successful establishment of the hydrogen economy. The research project H2PRO at the German Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) addresses the questions of how skills requirements in training occupations change due to hydrogen, and what measures are necessary in German vocational education and training policy and practice to support hydrogen-related skills development. Methods: The project uses a qualitative research design consisting of sector analyses, expert interviews, and case studies, and examines the entire hydrogen value chain from production to application areas such as steel, chemicals, mobility, and heat supply. Findings: The contribution focuses on the mobility and transport sector, specifically on skilled workers in automotive workshops. At this point, initial results suggest that there is no need for a specific hydrogen training occupation. Instead, specific training offers are required in vocational education and training to address qualification gaps in specific occupations, ensuring that skilled workers are prepared to work with hydrogen technologies.

According to the COVID-19 lockdown and successive reopening a number of facts can be analysed. The main effects have been detected on: mobility and environment, and specifically on traffic, environmental data and parking. The mobility reduction has been assessed to be quite coherent with respect to what has been described by Google Global mobility report. On the other hand, in this paper a number of additional aspects have been put in evidence providing detailed aspects on mobility and parking that allowed us to better analyse the impact of the reopening on an eventual revamping of the infection, also taking into account of the Rt index. To this end, the collected data from the field have been compared from those of Google and some considerations with respect to the Imperial college Report 20 have been derived. For the pollutant aspects, a relevant reduction on most of them has been measured and rationales are reported. The solution has exploited the Snap4City IOT smart city infrastructure and data collector and Dashboard in place in Tuscany.

Dissertação de mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica, Ao longo dos últimos anos o mundo tem assistido a um aumento considerável do número de veículos em circulação e a pegada ecológica que a sua utilização acarreta é cada vez mais preocupante. O desenvolvimento de veículos híbridos, gás natural, o aparecimento de veículos 100% movidos a eletricidade são as mais recentes inovações no campo da mobilidade, promovendo a utilização de uma energia limpa. Perante este cenário surge uma nova alternativa de combustível – o hidrogénio, altamente eficiente e com um elevado potencial energético, produzido de forma limpa e sustentável, diminuindo a poluição associada ao seu consumo nos veículos. Em colaboração com o Grupo Petrotec surge o objetivo de modelar um posto de abastecimento de hidrogénio para veículos ligeiros e pesados. O modelo tem em conta as caraterísticas físicas do combustível de forma a dimensionar o posto previamente à sua construção. Adicionalmente, foi desenvolvida uma análise de custos com base no conceito de CAPEX e para a determinação do custo de armazenamento do hidrogénio. Para o desenvolvimento deste modelo foi utilizado um caso de estudo real ao qual a empresa se propôs a desenvolver a melhor solução com o objetivo de realizar a instalação de um posto de abastecimento e este estar otimizado para ser o mais eficiente possível física e financeiramente. O resultado deste trabalho consiste na determinação dos valores das variáveis físicas que afetam o abastecimento. O modelo permitiu a simulação de abastecimentos, com base na definição dos valores da cascata de pressões e no volume de armazenamento. Dentro dos resultados foram obtidos dois cenários: inicialmente foi obtido um cenário ideal com a minimização do valor da nossa função objetivo – o volume total de armazenamento. Neste cenário todos as restrições funcionais estão validadas e os abastecimentos concretizados. Após este cenário ideal foram fixados os valores de volume para valores normalizados e foi determinado um cenário real em que nem todas as restrições funcionais foram validadas e, portanto, nem todos os abastecimentos puderam ser realizados na totalidade., Over the last few years, the world has witnessed a considerable increase in the number of vehicles in circulation and the ecological footprint is increasingly worrying. The development of hybrid vehicles, the appearance of vehicles 100% powered by electricity and also the creation of vehicles powered by natural gas are the latest innovations in the field of mobility, promoting the use of clean energy. Given this scenario, a new alternative fuel emerges - hydrogen, highly efficient and with a high energy potential, produced in a clean and sustainable way, reducing the pollution associated with its consumption in vehicles, as intended. In collaboration with the Petrotec Group, in Guimarães, the objective is to model a hydrogen filling station for light and heavy vehicles. The model takes into account the physical characteristics of the fuel in order to dimension the station prior to its construction. Additionally, a cost analysis based on the CAPEX concept was developed to determine the cost of hydrogen storage. For the development of this model, a real case study was used in which the company proposed to develop the best solution with the objective of carrying out the installation of a filling station and this being optimized to be as efficient as possible physically and financially. The result of this work consists in the determination of the values of the physical variables that affect the supply. The model allowed the simulation of supplies, based on the definition of the pressure cascade values and the storage volume. Within the final results, two scenarios were obtained: initially an ideal scenario was obtained with the minimization of the value of our objective function – the volume. In this scenario all functional constraints are validated and supplies are realized. After this ideal scenario, the volume values were set for normalized values and a real scenario was determined in which not all functional restrictions were validated and, therefore, not all supplies could be fully performed.

La ocupación de los bordes urbanos por expansión de la construcción de viviendas hacia las laderas es un tema de vital importancia en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá; para efectuar control a esta problemática y por medio de la construcción del “Jardín Circunvalar” se están invirtiendo en el municipio de Medellín una importante suma de recursos, tema que se encuentra en debate teórico por la práctica urbanística y el sector político; esto en el sentido de que los resultados de las inversiones si cumplan con su objetivo. Surge entonces el interrogante de si se posee claridad acerca de las dinámicas que se dan en la franja del Sistema de Transición Urbano Rural -STUR y de si con las acciones planteadas se está en el camino correcto para lograr una ciudad ambientalmente sustentable. En el caso particular del municipio de Bello, la franja de Transición Urbano Rural -STUR- tiene en una gran parte los suelos de expansión, espacios en los cuales se deberían involucrar las obras de contención y protección para así evitar que en algunos años se deba planear una nueva franja de Transición Urbano Rural Ladera por encima de la actual. Abstract: The occupation of urban edges for expansion of housing construction to the periphery is a matter of vital issue in the Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá; to effect control this problem and through the construction of "Jardín Circunvalar" is being invested in Medellin city a significant amount of resources, a topic in theoretical debate by the town planning and the political sector; this in the sense that the results of investments if meet your goal. The question then arises whether it has clarity about the dynamics that occur in the Sistema de Transición Urbano Rural -STUR and whether the actions raised are on the right track to achieve an environmentally sustainable city. In the particular case of Bello city,the Sistema de Transición Urbano Rural -STUR has a much soil expansion spaces which should involve containment works and protection to avoid that in some years it should plan again a new band of Transition Urban Rural above the present one. Maestría

This article aims to identify the institutional arrangements built on institutional environment post-88, as well as the opportunities and challenges that represent to the national system of mobility and to the implementation of the policy on the sub-national level. To this end, analyzes the institutional context in which they developed the mobility plan in the city of São Paulo, in the recent review of the Strategic Plan of the municipality. The law also addresses 12.587/2012 which established the guidelines of the national policy of urban mobility – PNMU and to transport policies. O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar os arranjos institucionais construídos no ambiente institucional pós-88, bem como as oportunidades e os desafios que representam para o sistema nacional de mobilidade e para a implementação da política no nível subnacional. Para tanto, analisa o contexto institucional no qual se desenvolveu a elaboração do plano de mobilidade no município de São Paulo, integrado na recente revisão do Plano Diretor Estratégico do município. Aborda, também, a lei 12.587/2012 que estabeleceu as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana – PNMU.