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In this study, silane coupling agent (KH-550) was employed to modify the surface of basalt fibers (BF) within concrete matrices, with the intent of optimizing interfacial adhesion and enhancing dispersion properties. The condition of the fiber surface was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The degree of BF dispersal in a concrete mixture was investigated using dispersion testing, the water washing method, and image analysis techniques. Furthermore, the impact of modified BF on the mechanical properties of concrete was evaluated. The findings suggest that both an increase in surface roughness and the presence of –NH2 significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of BF. Variance analysis reveals that the time modification parameter primarily influences the dispersivity of BF, followed by concentration and temperature. By utilizing optimum parameters: time (12 h), concentration (8 mol/L), and temperature (40°C), we obtained BF with exceptional dispersion, a fiber dispersion degree of 82% and a dispersion coefficient of 0.88. Additionally, when compared with the original fibers, the modified ones exhibited a noticeable rise in the compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact toughness of the reinforced concrete. Enhanced interfacial adhesion with the concrete matrix was also observed. These improvements were associated with alterations in the BF surface state and effective dispersivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best treatment method for reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures (ROIFs) is still under debate. Our team designed the modified proximal femoral nail (MPFN) specially for treating such fractures. The objective of this research was to introduce the MPFN device and compare the biomechanical properties with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and InterTAN nail via finite element modelling. An AO/OTA 31-A3.1 ROIF model was established via Mimics software. Three implants were depicted and assembled on the ROIF models. The axial, bending, and torsion loads were simulated to test stress and displacement of three fixation models. Compared to the PFNA and InterTAN models, the MPFN model had more dispersed stress distribution under axial loads of 2,100 N. The MPFN showed lower von Mises stress on bones compared with that of PFNA and InterTAN in axial loads. In term of maximum displacement, the MPFN had a 12.6% reduction compared to the PFNA model in axial load case. In bending and torsion loads, the MPFN model also demonstrated better biomechanical properties than the PFNA and InterTAN models. The modified proximal femoral nail presented the best biomechanical performance, followed by the InterTAN nail, and the PFNA for fixing reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures. The MPFN has the potential to be a promising device for patients with ROIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) has become a key photocathode material in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production due to its unique band structure, excellent photoresponse performance and economic cost. However, its REDOX potential is located in the band structure, and it is easy to be photoinduced bidirectional corrosion in aqueous solution, which affects its stability and performance. Therefore, researchers are committed to developing various strategies to enhance the performance of Cu2O stability. This paper systematically reviews the surface modification, doping and other modification methods, to accurately regulate the surface properties of Cu2O, optimize the electronic structure or introduce heterogeneous elements, significantly improve its photocorrosion resistance, and thus enhance stability. These improvements not only consolidate the basic performance of Cu2O, but also directly promote the optimization of its hydrogen production performance, and show that stability is positively correlated with hydrogen production efficiency. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of establishing a unified Cu2O photocathode stability test standard to ensure repeatability and comparability of studies, facilitate testing in simulated real-world application scenarios, and provide reliable data and theoretical guidance for optimal design, modification strategies, and future commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiberboard (FB) is extensively utilized in heat‐insulating refractory materials owing to its lightweight nature and excellent resistance to high temperatures. Nevertheless, the inadequate mechanical properties and limited dimensional stability of FB hinder its further application. The vacuum filtration was utilized in this study to manufacture inorganically modified insulation FB, incorporating plus fiber/1260 fiber and silica sol as the primary constituents and sepiolite powder (HS) as the modifier. The experimental results show that the fabricated samples exhibited extremely high porosity (75.3%–90.2%) and low thermal conductivity (.063–.15 W m−1 K−1, 200–800°C). The fibers were arranged in a three‐dimensional structure, overlapping with each other, and the silica sol adhered to the fibers, forming a spatial mesh structure through cross‐linking. Importantly, the incorporation of HS was effective in controlling the agglomeration of the silica sol, leading to a more uniform distribution within the fibers. Additionally, the study found that the mechanical properties (high hardness (64–72 HA)) and high‐temperature durability of the FBs were enhanced due to the flocculant modification. This study highlights promising prospects for industrial applications and offers a cost‐effective admixture for modifying and preparing high‐performance FBs, which is expected to see broad adoption in thermal insulation and energy conservation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effects of different modified quinoa proteins (MQP) on the gel quality of silver carp surimi, as well as to explore their feasibility for three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Five different methods were employed to modify quinoa protein, water bath (WB), microwave (MW), ultrasonic (US), microwave followed by ultrasonic (M‐U), and ultrasonic followed by microwave (U‐M), to prepare compound surimi gels (MQPs). The results showed that the addition of quinoa protein improved the gel quality of surimi, while the MQP had an even better effect on enhancing the gel quality. Among them, QP modified by US exhibited a smoother surface, with an expressible water content of 9.78%, gel strength of 22.26 N·mm, and hardness of 27.59 N. The addition of all MQP reduced the cooking loss of surimi, promoted the formation of bound water, and enhanced the G′ and G″ values of MQPs. The characterization of MQP based on molecular driving force revealed that the addition of MQP enhanced the hydrophobic interactions within the surimi gel. This improvement is attributed to the structural changes in quinoa protein induced by the modification process, where the exposure of a large number of hydrophobic groups to water facilitated the formation of a more uniform network structure among the surimi proteins. Additionally, feasibility research on 3D printing of compound products was conducted, revealing that all MQPs exhibited good support and surface smoothness, making them suitable for applications in the field of food 3D printing. Practical Application: This study investigated the effects of quinoa protein addition on the physical properties and mechanism of silver carp surimi under different modification methods, as well as the feasibility of 3D printing. The results demonstrated that incorporating modified quinoa protein improved the quality of the surimi gel. This research expands the range of surimi products and provides a theoretical foundation for the development and production of plant protein‐surimi compound products. Additionally, it contributes theoretical insights into the characteristic application of quinoa protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paint & Coatings Industry (0253-4312) is the property of Paint & Coatings Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has been demonstrated to possess considerable potential for significantly enhancing the ignition and combustion performance of boron and aluminum powders. Based on the extensive research on PVDF modified boron and aluminum energetic materials at home and abroad in recent years, ten mainstream techniques were summarized and refined, including solvent volatilization method, electrospinning technology, electrostatic spray technology, electrospray deposition method, microemulsion method, 3D printing technology, vacuum freeze-drying method, non-solvent induced phase separation method, liquid phase method and droplet microfluidic technology. Their preparation principles, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages were described, the challenges of PVDF modified energetic materials were further pointed out, and the key directions for future research were proposed:1) safety improvements; 2) green technologies; 3) nanomaterial optimisation; 4) multi-scale design; 5) innovative coating methods; and 6) insight into reaction mechanisms.

Abstract Background The management of anterior colliculus fractures in combination with deltoid ligament injuries is a topic of debate, and there is a need to improve surgical outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to describe the application of a modified double-row suture bridge technique and evaluate its early clinical outcomes in the management of anterior colliculus fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury. Methods From 2020 to 2022, 12 patients with anterior colliculus fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury were treated using a modified double-row suture bridge technique. For clinical outcome evaluation, objective data are presented through clinical examination findings; radiographic assessments, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT); and follow-up analysis utilizing American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle‒hindfoot (AOFAS) scores, Olerud Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Preoperative and follow-up scores were compared with Student’s t test. (p

Abstract Red clay as a special soil has a high liquid-plastic limit, water swelling and water loss shrinkage. To solve the problems red clay was modified by calcium carbonate produced in Hezhou, Guangxi. The Liquid-plastic limit, water loss shrinkage, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and consolidated drained (CD) triaxial shear test were carried out on the modified soils. The results show that when the calcium carbonate content is 20%, the plastic limit is 24.38 and the liquid limit is 38.67, which are reduced by 35.04% and 22.16%, respectively. The Montmorillonite content in the modified soil is reduced by 27.7%. The shrinkage coefficient decreased from 0.325 to 0.102. The NMR test shows that the content is 5% and 10% would lead to a decrease in the macropores and an increase in the micropores pores. The phenomenon is the opposite (15% and 20%). All contents led to the porosity increase. The calcium carbonate content of 5% was selected for triaxial shear tests to obtain the stress-strain curves. The Duncan-Zhang was used to predict the modified soil. The model has a large error in the prediction of the peak of the principal stress difference, but the overall trend is relatively consistent. Therefore, the correction coefficient related to the confining pressure was introduced. The corrected model fits the triaxial shear test well. The research provides a method for the liquid-plastic limits and shrinkage properties of modified red clay, explores the influence of calcium carbonate content on microscopic pores, and the correction of the model provides a theoretical basis for practical application.

Background: The management of anterior colliculus fractures in combination with deltoid ligament injuries is a topic of debate, and there is a need to improve surgical outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to describe the application of a modified double-row suture bridge technique and evaluate its early clinical outcomes in the management of anterior colliculus fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury. Methods: From 2020 to 2022, 12 patients with anterior colliculus fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury were treated using a modified double-row suture bridge technique. For clinical outcome evaluation, objective data are presented through clinical examination findings; radiographic assessments, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT); and follow-up analysis utilizing American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle‒hindfoot (AOFAS) scores, Olerud Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Preoperative and follow-up scores were compared with Student's t test. (p <.05). Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.67 ± 9.42 years (range: 39–74). The mean duration of follow-up was 14.42 ± 1.51 months (range: 12–17). At the final follow-up, the mean AOFAS score (P < 0.001) improved to 91.50 ± 2.65 points (range: 87–96), the mean OMAS (P < 0.001) improved to 77.08 ± 3.97 points (range: 70–85), and the mean VAS score (P < 0.001) improved to 0.25 ± 0.45 points (range: 0–1). Nine patients achieved excellent outcomes, and three achieved good outcomes according to the AOFAS score. Follow-up imaging evaluation indicated satisfactory alignment of the fracture and complete healing. Clinical examination suggested good mobility of the ankle. At the last follow-up, ankle dorsiflexion mobility was 14–18 degrees, plantar flexion mobility was 42–45 degrees, inversion mobility was 27–32 degrees, and eversion mobility was 22–25 degrees. Conclusions: The modified double-row suture bridge technique is effective for achieving anatomic reduction of anterior colliculus fractures, and the technique also provides substantial benefit to the injured deltoid ligament. With this technique, the clinical outcomes can be significant and encouraging, indicating a new stage in its application and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is commonly experienced by autistic people and impacts on quality of life and social participation. New anxiety interventions are required to effectively meet the needs of autistic people. Personalised Anxiety Treatment-Autism (PAT-A©) is a bespoke, modular approach to treating anxiety in up to 12 sessions. This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of delivering PAT-A© in the UK National Health Service (NHS). A single-blind randomised controlled trial design. Thirty-four autistic adults were recruited via clinical services and randomised to receive either PAT-A© or enhanced treatment as usual (CCSP). Outcome assessments relating to anxiety, quality of life and related constructs were completed at baseline, immediately post intervention; and at 3 and 12 months. Seventy-one percent of the PAT-A© group and 65% of the CCSP met diagnostic threshold for at least three anxiety disorders. Retention was good across both groups, with 82% (N = 14/17) completing the full course of PAT-A© and 71% (N = 12/17) attending both psychoeducational sessions in CCSP. 94% in PAT-A© and 82% in CCSP completed some follow up assessment 3 months post-intervention. Thematic analysis of interview data revealed that many participants valued the personalised approach, developed transferable skills and experienced positive changes to their anxiety. Participants were willing to be recruited and randomised, PAT-A© was feasible to deliver in the NHS and the trial methods and materials were acceptable. Our findings indicate that a fully powered clinical and cost-effectiveness trial of PAT-A© is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the water resistance and mechanical performance of waterborne polyurethane, modified cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as a kind of environmentally friendly material was added into the solution of waterborne polyurethane by the in-situ polymerization and mechanical blending way, and two different modified CNC/waterborne polyurethane composite films were prepared. The results show that due to the addition of modified CNC, the composite film prepared by in-situ polymerization way showed much better behavior in both water resistance and mechanical properties than that made by the mechanical blending method. When the content of modified CNC was 5% in the composite, the water resistance of the composite film increased by 34.6%. At the same time, the tensile property of the composite film was improved when using in-situ polymerization to fabricate the film, and the value of maximum tensile stress rose by 143.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water contamination currently threatens human health, which is still a major environmental issue. Scientists are paying attention, in particular, to lead poisoning of water caused by industrial wastes on a global scale. In order to reduce agricultural waste and promote sustainable development, this study created a straightforward process for using leftover rice husks to create biochar. At first, the rice husk biochar was prepared; then, following the immersion of biochar with precursors of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and precipitation under alkaline condition, the Fe3O4 was formed and laid onto biochar to create another magnetic adsorbent known as ferrous-modified biochar. The success of loading Fe3O4 was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET measurements. The delivered ferrous-modified biochar has a high surface area and correct functional groups for the adsorption process. In order to remove Pb (II) from wastewater, rice husk biochar and ferrous-modified biochar materials were used. Under optimized conditions, synthesized ferrous-modified biochar has a lead adsorbent effectiveness of 95.0% that is related to varying pathways as co-precipitation reaction, complexation reaction, conjugation adsorption, ion exchange, and Fe–O coordination. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of modified biochar is three times greater than rice husk biochar with 73.68 mg/g. Another evidence of the ferrous-modified biochar adsorbent's excellent recyclable properties is the remaining lead efficiency, which was over 41.2% even after six recycling cycles. Therefore, by this approach of synthesizing Fe3O4 loaded on biochar, the research provided new opportunities for developing low-cost and highly efficient adsorbent to remove heavy metals from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan (JIMT). is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stretching is one of the important things to do before doing a physical activity. Stretching helps you to avoid possible injuries, muscle soreness and even improve overall performance. The researcher came up with an idea to create a modified stretching routine to assess if our created modified stretching is better than the traditional stretching. This study aims to assess the impact or the effect of the created modified stretching routine to the performance of students. This study utilizes the quasi-experimental research design. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression are being utilized. Overall, based on the results, utilizing modified stretching routine has a positive impact to the student's performance. There is a significant difference on the student's performance when they use the modified stretching routine than the traditional stretching routine. From the data collected, it shows that students who uses the modified stretching routine definitely improve their flexibility, cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Red clay as a special soil has a high liquid-plastic limit, water swelling and water loss shrinkage. To solve the problems red clay was modified by calcium carbonate produced in Hezhou, Guangxi. The Liquid-plastic limit, water loss shrinkage, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and consolidated drained (CD) triaxial shear test were carried out on the modified soils. The results show that when the calcium carbonate content is 20%, the plastic limit is 24.38 and the liquid limit is 38.67, which are reduced by 35.04% and 22.16%, respectively. The Montmorillonite content in the modified soil is reduced by 27.7%. The shrinkage coefficient decreased from 0.325 to 0.102. The NMR test shows that the content is 5% and 10% would lead to a decrease in the macropores and an increase in the micropores pores. The phenomenon is the opposite (15% and 20%). All contents led to the porosity increase. The calcium carbonate content of 5% was selected for triaxial shear tests to obtain the stress-strain curves. The Duncan-Zhang was used to predict the modified soil. The model has a large error in the prediction of the peak of the principal stress difference, but the overall trend is relatively consistent. Therefore, the correction coefficient related to the confining pressure was introduced. The corrected model fits the triaxial shear test well. The research provides a method for the liquid-plastic limits and shrinkage properties of modified red clay, explores the influence of calcium carbonate content on microscopic pores, and the correction of the model provides a theoretical basis for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic particles dispersed in the polymer matrix can enhance the strength of polymers. In this paper, 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) and 2-Amino-1,3-propanediol were used to surface modify Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) to prepare modified Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), denoted as ZrO2-g. The modified ZrO2-g was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic hydrogen (1HNMR) spectroscopy, and the results showed that the modification was successful. Then the PBAT/ZrO2-g composites were synthesized by grafting ZrO2-g into poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) molecular chain segments using in situ copolymerization. The results showed that ZrO2-g acted as a nucleating agent and improved the crystallinity of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The rheological behavior analysis showed that the composite viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of PBAT/ZrO2-g composites were improved compared to PBAT. The ZrO2-g content had a significant effect on the tensile properties of the composites, and the composites had the highest tensile strength and elongation at break when the ZrO2-g content was 1% wt, reaching 23.27 MPa and 888.89%, respectively, which were increased by 60% and 38%, respectively, compared with PBAT. When the content of ZrO2-g exceeds 1.5 wt%, aggregation phenomenon occurs, which rather reduces the performance of the composites. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the composites decreases with the increase of ZrO2-g incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chevrel technique is a well-established procedure for open repair of midline incisional hernia. This retrospective single-center case series aims to present the outcome of patients with midline incisional hernia treated with a modified Chevrel technique. The modification itself comprehended the use of a single-layer continuous suture for the inverted anterior rectus abdominis muscle sheet for the creation of the "new linea alba" without overlapping. Between January 2017 and December 2023, 40 patients were operated. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 65%. Hernia recurrence occurred in three patients (7.5%). When the basic principles of the Chevrel technique are respected and conducted, this leads to satisfactory results. The postoperative outcome of this case series showed rates of complications and recurrences in concordance with the already published literature. Therefore, this technique should always be considered for the open approach for midline incisional hernia repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of sludge carbon activated persulfate technology to degrade antibiotics is an effective technical way to solve the problem of antibiotic pollution, which is in line with the current needs of udouble carbon, and low-carbon economy・ However, the activated persulfate capacity of the original sludge carbon is limited, so it needs to be modified to achieve efficient degradation of antibiotics in the environment ・ The current status of sludge biochar modification methods were introduced, the advantages and disadvantages of different modification methods were compared and analyzed, as well as the mechanism of activating persulfate and degrading antibiotics. In future studies, multiple activation methods could be used jointly and innovatively, and the modification conditions of sludge biochar could be innovated, so as to achieve efficient degradation of a variety of complex antibiotics by sludge biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the stability of hydraulic fluid and ensure the reliability of hydraulic support following the machine, oleic acid from four manufacturers and the influence on the particle size of hydraulic fluid containing modified oleic acid were studied・ The composition of each oleic acid was analyzed by GC-MS, and oleic acid was modified by alcohol amine and polyethylene glycol respectively. The lubricity, surface tension, pH value, conductivity, Zeta potential and particle size of modified oleic acid in aqueous solution, as well as the particle size of hydraulic fluid containing modified oleic acid in different liquid concentrations were investigated・ The results show that oleic acid modified by alcohol amine can precipitate in 500 mg/L artificial hard water, but oleic acid modified by polyethylene glycol can not precipitate・ Oleic acid modified by PEG with less impurity content had higher surface tension, higher Zeta potential and smaller particle size. The diameter of the hydraulic fluid prepared by using polyethylene glycol modified oleic acid is smaller than that prepared by using alcohol amine modified oleic acid, the average diameter is less than 100 nm, and the hydraulic fluid has stronger filter-ability and higher stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roots and tuberous plants are vital food crops used as food supplements in many parts of the tropics. Being a major food item, starch is used in food products as thickeners, adsorbent, film forming agent. Starch, naturally, possess certain limitations & starch modifications can overcome the limitations, thereby increasing its versatility and meeting the needs of consumer. Current study focuses on comparative analysis between modified Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) starch using physical methods (heat treatment method, annealing and gelatinization‐retrogradation) and to study the effect of modification on physico‐chemical, functional, structural and thermal properties. Results reveal that all physically modified starches positively altered the functional and physiological characteristics of native yam starch. However, maximum restriction in swelling power (2.54 %), solubility (2.47 %), moisture content (1.96 %), water absorption capacity (1.41 g/mL) is observed in heat moisture treated (HMT) starch. These HMT modified starches can be used in the manufacturing of baked and dairy products having reduced glycemic index, can be used as a packaging material for coating of fruits and vegetables. Henceforth, suitable and relevant application of modified starches of desired physical and functional features may be produced for industrial utilisation, or as additives fulfilling specific purposes in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycarboxylic acid modified graphene oxide composite(GO-PCE)was prepared by surface activation of graphene oxide(GO)and grafting copolyacrylic acid and isoprenol polyoxyethylene ether. The molecular structure of GO-PCE was determined by infrared spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis,and the properties of GO-PCE doped cement paste and mortar were tested. The results show that proper amount of GO-PCE can obviously improve the workability of cement paste. When the content is 0.03%,the fluidity of cement paste increases by 102.86% compared with that of GO. When the GO-PCE content is 0.03% and 0.05%,the 28 d compressive strength of mortar is increased by 17.95% and 19.44%,respectively. The dispersion of GO-PCE was better than that of GO in the cement paste,resulting in the enhancement performance of GO lamellae could be effectively exerted, the hydration process was accelerated to promote the growth of nucleation of hydration products,and the size of the calcium hy droxide crystals was further refined to make the structure of the cement matrix denser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified steel slag adsorbent was prepared with composite modifier(NaOH or Al(OH)3+fly ash) at high temperature. The effects of alkali melting temperature, alkali melting time and alkali doping on the adsorption performance of Pb(Ⅱ) was investigated. Chemical composition, mineral composition, microstructure and pore size was analyzed with XRF, XRD, SEM, BET and other methods. The heavy metal leaching toxicity, regeneration ability and selectivity of the modified steel slag prepared under the optimal conditions were investigated. The results showed that the best adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) was achieved under the conditions of 700 ℃ alkali melting temperature, 4 h alkali melting time and 100∶10∶20 mass ratio of steel slag, fly ash and Al(OH)3. There was not new crystal in the modified steel slag, but the original crystal structure was destroyed, and porous aluminum silicate salt with certain activity was formed. Loose fine molten particles were accumulated on the surface of steel slag, and pore size was concentrated in the range of 5-20 nm. Under the combined effect of pore adsorption, chemical precipitation and ion exchange, the removal rate of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater reached 98.15%. The modified steel slag adsorbent had better regeneration and selectivity, which was a green and safe heavy metal ion adsorbent.

Knowledge of the biological properties of bacterial toxins is constantly being updated. Over the past two decades, the research interest has shifted from natural toxins to their genetically modified derivatives. The purpose of the work is to summarize the knowledge of the biological properties of bacterial toxins accumulated in the English-language scientific literature in recent years. The research method is analytical. The source base for the research is Englishlanguage scientific literature, accessible through the global Internet. Results. The work examines: the organization and general mechanism of action of bacterial toxin molecules; the reliability of their toxicity indicators given in the scientific literature; toxic effects of toxins of various groups, differing in their mechanism of action; obtaining hybrid and modified toxins; identification of artificial toxins. Conclusions. Among bacterial toxins, binary toxins are the most dangerous. The binary composition of bacterial exotoxins, a good understanding of their subunits, functional domains, assembly mechanisms and intracellular action, make it possible to modify them in the direction of changing the range of targets, toxicity, mechanism of damaging action and immunogenicity. To identify genetically modified toxins, poorly studied analogues and isoforms of natural toxins, special programs based on machine learning can be used.

Toxoplasmosis is an important health concern for people and farm animals, leading to many studies on its effects on these populations. Despite this, there is a lack of research on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among horses in Iran. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) in northwest Iran horses. In this study, blood samples were taken from 385 horses in Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, and West Azerbaijan provinces. Data regarding the age, gender, and location of each horse was documented to assess their impact on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Of the 385 samples, 34 (8.8%) were positive for Toxoplasma gondii. Among the 271 male and 114 female horses, 24 (8.9%) and 10 (8.8%) were seropositive, respectively. Of the 116 horses under and 269 over five years old, 15 (12.9%) and 19 (7.1%) were seropositive, respectively. The prevalence rates in Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, and West Azerbaijan were 11.7% (18 out of 154), 5.1% (7 out of 136), and 9.5% (9 out of 95), respectively. According to the statistical analysis, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection based on age, gender, or sampling location. This study is the first extensive report on the toxoplasmosis seroprevalence among horses in northwest Iran. The results provide important information that can help control and prevent the spread of toxoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the numerous industrial solid waste, coal gangue caused serious environmental pollution in China, while the it could be modified and reused as an effective adsorption material in environmental remediation. In the current study, the coal gangue was modified by environmentally friendly ball-milling chemical modification method and used for simultaneous adsorption heavy metal and ammonia in wastewater. Both the initial and modified coal gangue were characterized for structure and composition. Optimization of ball-milling conditions and adsorption parameters was carried out, followed by thermodynamic and kinetic experiments under the defined conditions. The results showed that the adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, and NH4+–N accorded with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, with all adsorption isotherms conforming to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, and NH4+–N is an exothermic process, and the adsorption reaction can occur independently. Moreover, modified coal gangue exhibited sufficient adsorption sites for the combination of Pb2+, Zn2+, and NH4+–N at low concentrations in adsorption competition experiment, with an adsorption sequence like Pb2+ > Zn2+ > NH4+–N. Our results provide that ball-milling-modified coal gangue can be used as a helpful adsorption material for heavy metal ions and ammonia removal in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this experiment, ZSM‐5 molecular sieves are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and modified by impregnation with Fe, La, and Ce loading. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photon‐electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy show that Fe, La, and Ce elements are successfully loaded onto the surface of the material, and the surface area of Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 is 241.66 m2 g−1. A systematic study on the adsorption of Congo red solution is carried out using Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 molecular sieves and it is found through the adsorption data that the adsorption process is more in line with Langmuir and the proposed second‐order kinetic model, and the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity is 2669.19 mg g−1. The adsorption process is recycled four times and still has more than 60 % removal performance for high‐concentration Congo red solution. The results of this experiment show that Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 molecular sieves show excellent removal performance for Congo red dye in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coal indirect liquefied diesel soot (Coal‐to‐liquids diesel soot, CS) was collected by a self‐made soot trapper. CS was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and named as CS‐CTAB. The tribological properties of CS and CS‐CTAB in 10#white oil(10#WO) were tested on a WTM‐2E controlled atmosphere miniature friction and wear testing machine. The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of CS and modified CS‐CTAB were studied by using TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and other instruments. The results showed that CS modified by CTAB is wrapped and entangled in long chains. Their main structure components are all amorphous carbon with a small amount of graphite crystallites. The addition of CS‐CTAB (0.8 wt%) significantly reduces both AFC and wear rate, with reductions of 32.9% for AFC, and 65.6% for wear rate compared to no additive. The anti‐friction and anti‐wear effect of CS is greatly improved after being modified by CTAB. Mechanism analysis shows that CS as a lubricant additive, acts as a micro‐bearing in the friction process and falls off under the action of shear force to generate an independent graphite sheet, thus forming a graphite protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel plate. However, CS has the defects of low graphitization degree, large particle size, and easy agglomeration. During friction, uneven adsorption of CS on the surface can worsen wear. However, CTAB modification can improve dispersion stability in 10#WO and effectively reduce wear on the friction surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of metal-organic matrix materials (MOFs) and their derivatives in low temperature NH3-SCR was reviewed. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis atmosphere on the morphology, specific surface area and crystallinity of MOFs derivatives, as well as the modifieation methods of MOFs materials and derivatives catalysts were discussed. The deficiency of MOFs and its derivative catalysts and the future research direction are also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the daily responsibilities of the Infection Prevention Department (IPD) have been exacerbated by heightened regulatory and licensing requirements, increasing demands from medical staff and patients, and an expanded scope of work. Consequently, infection preventionists (IPs) have struggled to find the bandwidth to effectively implement patient quality care improvement projects. The increased demand for infection prevention and control (IPAC) responsibilities has made it challenging to fill open IP positions. To address this need, a collaborative Modified Work Program (MWP) between the IPD and Human Resource Department at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center has proven effective. Modified Staff for Infection Prevention (MSFIP) have been utilized to support IPD daily responsibilities with the potential development of future IPs. Methods: Injured staff were placed on modified duty by the MWP, and the IPD was contacted. An IP interviewed the MSFIP to design appropriate and accommodated responsibilities. Several tools were provided, including helpful guides, daily task lists, links, forms, agency contact information, and references. The MSFIP was granted temporary data security access to electronic medical records used by IPs. Initially, MSFIPs required orientation and shadowing by IPs. Later, MSFIP with longer recovery periods trained new MSFIP. Results: Trained MSFIPs independently managed simple IP daily tasks, allowing IPs to continue and initiate quality improvement projects. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections remained low. All MSFIP expressed a better appreciation of IP work, and several expressed interest in becoming IPs, potentially addressing the replacement of retiring IPs. Conclusion: A well-developed program for MSFIP offers several benefits. IPs should consider using MSFIPs if an MWP exists in their facility, or work on developing one in collaboration with their human resources department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent time, more polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic are produced than what is currently being recycled, that contributes to the volume of waste. This occurrence prompted the exploration of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) to address the waste concern and thereby cuts cost in bituminous mix and improves pavement performance. This research evaluated the strength properties of asphalt mixture produced with polyvinyl chloride modified bitumen. Marshall method of mix design was used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS), used for microstructural examination and elemental analysis. These materials conform with its physical properties and characteristics. The shredded, grinded plastic revealed high binding properties when blend with bitumen. The percent incorporated was 2 - 10% PVC content and the Optimum Bitumen Content obtained was 10%, at 9.57kN for stability. The modified bitumen for penetration recorded at 68mm, which conformed with 60/70 grade bitumen, softening point recorded at 52oC, ductility was recorded at 107cm, specific gravity at 1.02, flash and fire point at 294oC and 306oC, solubility at 97% respectively. The properties were satisfactorily for grade 60/70 bitumen at 4% PVC by weight and be used as bitumen modifier for heavy traffic condition. Polyvinyl Chloride modified at 8 - 10%, be used at cold climates, while 2, 4, 6% PVC modified be used in warm regions. Therefore, the experiment proved these materials with characteristics, stability and stiffness be used for pavement constructions.

Thumb tip injuries constitute one of the most common hand injuries. There are various reconstructive options for thumb tip injuries. We present our series of thumb tip injuries reconstructed using Elliot's modification of the Moberg flap, which provides like-for-like tissue. We also present our flap improvisation, which can be useful in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons.