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Objectives: To assess oral hygiene indices, dental status, and oral health practices among head and neck cancer patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC)-Jeddah. Materials and Methods: The charts of 117 patients with head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, calculus index (CI), gingival index (MGI), and oral hygiene index. The type of cancer, other systemic diseases, and sex data were extracted from the records and analyzed using SPSS statistical software for descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman correlation statistical analyses. Results: The total mean DMFT index was 14.33. The significant caries index (SiC) for the studied sample was 25.87. Men had a mean DMFT of 14.11 (SD 9.8). The mean DMFT index for women was 14.63 (SD 9.7). The DMFT score for patients with systemic disease was 17.47 (SD 9.9). Patients with no other diseases had a mean DMFT score of 12.82 (SD 9.3). The DMFT index was not significantly different between men and women (p = 0.925). One-way ANOVA (F = 1.729) revealed no significant difference (p = 0.110) between DMFT scores according to the location of the cancer. DMFT with systemic disease showed no significant difference (p = 0.6) in comparison to patients without systemic disease.The Spearman rho statistic revealed no correlation between the DMFT score and CI (p = 0.383). Conclusions: The total DMFT score was 14.33. The total SiC was 25.87. The DMFT scores of men and women were not significantly different. Cancer location and presence or absence of systemic diseases did not affect the DMFT score. The DMFT score and CI were not correlated, but a correlation was found between the DMFT score and MGI and the oral hygiene index.

Introduction Missing anterior teeth due to trauma or congenital missing is a dental handicap affecting child aesthetic, phonetics, function and quality of life (QoL). Traditional management includes removable partial denture, resin bonded bridge, auto-transplant, and closure of the space orthodontically. Implants are the ideal solution for missing teeth but we have to wait until the end of growth. Mini-implant gives a promising future for these cases as they guard to loss of bone and space, restore function and aesthetic and improves QoL. Aim Evaluate clinically and radiographically mini-implant in a group of children, and evaluate the effect of the mini-implant on the QoL for those children. Patients and methods Fifteen children aged from 11-13 with missing anterior teeth were selected for the study, mini-implants were inserted by the flapless technique, immediately loaded with ceramic fused to metal crown. Evaluation was made by Modified Gingival Index, probing depth, periotest mobility and marginal bone loss by standardized periapical radiograph every 6 months for 2 years and oral health impact profile questioner was taken before and after insertion of the mini-implant. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the Modified Gingival Index, probing depth, periotest mobility and marginal bone loss along 24 months follow up, while the QoL questioner revealed statistically significant difference before and after insertion of the mini-implant. Conclusion Mini-implant is a successful promising solution for missing anterior teeth in children up to 11 years, but careful study of the case and follow up until the end of growth to re-evaluate the case to either maintain the mini-implant or change it to an implant of appropriate size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The primary etiology for gingivitis is dental plaque resulting in gum inflammation. Beside mechanical procedures, chemical agents in mouthwash can help in removal of plaques. Oil of Trachyspermum ammi rich in thymol may provide beneficial effect in control of gingivitis; therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effect of mouthwash containing the oil with chlorhexidine to control dental plaque and inflammation of gingivae. Methods: Essential oil of the plant was analyzed using GC-MS and amount of thymol was assayed by GC method. Herbal mouthwash was prepared and applied in an open-label non-randomized study, adult female and male suffering of gingivitis (N=30) entered in two groups after oral prophylaxis. Examining for plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), and modified gingival index (MGI) were conducted after two weeks administration of the herbal mouthwash. Results: The herbal mouthwash was stable for two months with no physical change and microbial contamination (0.05). Conclusion: The effect of T. ammi oil in control of inflammation was comparable with chlorhexidine, while chlorhexidine reduced risks of PI, BI, and MGI higher than those receiving the herbal mouthwash.

To assess oral hygiene indices, dental status, and oral health practices among head and neck cancer patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC)-Jeddah. The charts of 117 patients with head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, calculus index (CI), gingival index (MGI), and oral hygiene index. The type of cancer, other systemic diseases, and sex data were extracted from the records and analyzed using SPSS statistical software for descriptive statistics, Student's t -test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman correlation statistical analyses. The total mean DMFT index was 14.33. The significant caries index (SiC) for the studied sample was 25.87. Men had a mean DMFT of 14.11 (SD 9.8). The mean DMFT index for women was 14.63 (SD 9.7). The DMFT score for patients with systemic disease was 17.47 (SD 9.9). Patients with no other diseases had a mean DMFT score of 12.82 (SD 9.3). The DMFT index was not significantly different between men and women (p = 0.925). One-way ANOVA (F = 1.729) revealed no significant difference (p = 0.110) between DMFT scores according to the location of the cancer. DMFT with systemic disease showed no significant difference (p = 0.6) in comparison to patients without systemic disease. The Spearman rho statistic revealed no correlation between the DMFT score and CI (p = 0.383). The total DMFT score was 14.33. The total SiC was 25.87. The DMFT scores of men and women were not significantly different. Cancer location and presence or absence of systemic diseases did not affect the DMFT score. The DMFT score and CI were not correlated, but a correlation was found between the DMFT score and MGI and the oral hygiene index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral health problems, including periodontal tissue problems, are important issues that need attention because they can affect a person’s quality of life and performance. The prevalence of the periodontal disease in all age groups in Indonesia is 96.58%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of periodontal disease on adolescent physical performance. Method: This research was conducted in an analytic observational manner. The population of this research is adolescents aged 12-14 years in junior high schools in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia as many as 101 students. Data collection used the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) method and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data analysis used was the ETA correlation test. Result: In the distribution of dental health knowledge, most of the respondents had a low level of knowledge of 88.1%, low physical activity of 44.6%, and good gingival health based on the Modified Gingival Index of 52.5%. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the level of respondents’ Modified Gingival Index based on the respondent’s experience of getting dental and oral care and the last time he received dental and oral care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the association between maternal dental anxiety and its effect on the oral health status of their child, in Murad nagar –An institutional cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Among the randomly selected 200 mother-child pairs, a cross-sectional study was done. The children of 2–5 years were selected for the study. A five-level Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Hindi edition, was used to assess dental anxiety among the mothers. Clinical examination of the wards was finished by using a modified gingival record and WHO dentition status (2013). The SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Approximately, 61% of the children were males, and 39% were females. The modified gingival index (MGI) score was high, if there should arise an occurrence of high MDAS values. The mean MGI score was most astounding in phobic class of MDAS and least in the not anxious classification. The MGI score expanded on increment in maternal anxiety. Dental caries expanded in kids, if there should be an occurrence of high maternal dental uneasiness. The MDAS demonstrated a critical association with clinical oral health results of the child. The children whose mothers were “extremely anxious” (phobic) had the highest mean decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Conclusion: Maternal dental anxiety significantly affects the oral health status of their ward.

Background: Although the detrimental effects of conventional combustible cigarettes on oral health and dental esthetics are well known, there is limited information about the long-term impact of combustion-free nicotine alternatives (C-F NA) such as e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products., Objective: This multicenter, prospective, 3-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate whether switching from combustible cigarettes to C-F NA will lead to measurable improvements in oral health parameters and dental esthetics over 18 months in adult smokers with limited gum disease., Methods: Regular smokers not intending to quit and without clinical signs of periodontitis will be randomly assigned (1:4 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (control group; arm A) or C-F NA use (intervention group; arm B). The study will also include a reference group of never smokers (reference group; arm C). The primary end point is the change in the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) score from baseline between the control arm (arm A) and the intervention arm (arm B) at the 18-month follow-up. In addition, the study will analyze the within- and between-group (arms A, B, and C) changes in MGI assessment, plaque imaging, dental shade quantitation, tooth stain scores, and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires measured at each study time point. All participants will attend a total of 7 clinic visits: screening, enrollment, and randomization (visit 0); baseline visit-day 14 (visit 1); day 90 (visit 2); day 180 (visit 3); day 360 (visit 4); and day 540 (visit 5). This multicenter study will be conducted in 4 dental clinics in 4 countries. The statistical analysis will involve descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical data. Primary end points will undergo tests for normality and, based on distribution, either a 2-sided t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Linear mixed model with random factors center and study arms by center will also be applied. Secondary end points, including MGI assessment and quality of life, will be subjected to similar tests and comparisons. Only if one value of the parameter MGI is missing after day 1, the last available observation will be carried forward. The analysis will be performed on the substituted data. Secondary parameters will not have missing value replacement., Results: Participant recruitment began in October 2021, and enrollment was completed in June 2023. Results will be reported in 2025., Conclusions: This will be the first study to provide key insights into oral health benefits or risks associated with using C-F NA in smokers who are seeking alternatives to cigarette smoking., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04649645; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649645., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/53222., (©Gianluca Conte, Sebastiano Antonio Pacino, Salvatore Urso, Doris Greiling, Pasquale Caponnetto, Eugenio Pedullà, Luigi Generali, Ugo Consolo, Vittorio Checchi, Stefan Gospodaru, Gheorghe Bordeniuc, Valeriu Fala, Jan Kowalski, Maciej Nowak, Renata Górska, Amaliya Amaliya, Iain Chapple, Michael Milward, Robert Maclure, Gianna Maria Nardi, Riccardo Polosa. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 23.02.2024.)

Aim: To assess the association between maternal dental anxiety and its effect on the oral health status of their child, in Murad nagar –An institutional cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Among the randomly selected 200 mother-child pairs, a cross-sectional study was done. The children of 2–5 years were selected for the study. A five-level Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Hindi edition, was used to assess dental anxiety among the mothers. Clinical examination of the wards was finished by using a modified gingival record and WHO dentition status (2013). The SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Approximately, 61% of the children were males, and 39% were females. The modified gingival index (MGI) score was high, if there should arise an occurrence of high MDAS values. The mean MGI score was most astounding in phobic class of MDAS and least in the not anxious classification. The MGI score expanded on increment in maternal anxiety. Dental caries expanded in kids, if there should be an occurrence of high maternal dental uneasiness. The MDAS demonstrated a critical association with clinical oral health results of the child. The children whose mothers were "extremely anxious" (phobic) had the highest mean decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Conclusion: Maternal dental anxiety significantly affects the oral health status of their ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of customized toothbrushes in maintenance of oral hygiene and gingival health with that of conventional toothbrushes in children with cerebral palsy.Methods: Thirty patients with cerebral palsy in the age group of 6 to 18 years were randomly divided into two groups-group I (normal toothbrush) and group II (customized toothbrush). Common oral hygiene instructions were given to both the groups. Before beginning the study, plaque index (PI) and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded, following which patients were made to practice their routine twice a day brushing with either normal toothbrush or custom-made toothbrush for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, PI and MGI were rerecorded. The subjects belonging to group II were also made to perform muscle exercises using the modified brush head.Results: Significantly high percentage drop between the pre- and post-PI as well as MGI (31.55% and 30.23%, respectively) was observed in the custom-made toothbrush group, while the percentage drop of only 8.34% (PI) and 14.51% (MGI) was seen in the normal toothbrush group.Conclusions: Custom-made tooth brushes increased the efficiency of maintaining oral hygiene and gingival health of individuals with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Evaluating oral and dental health status in Egyptian children with cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to gross motor skills and types of CP. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at el-Shatby Hospital for Children, Alexandria-Egypt. Oral examination for 62 children with CP between the age ranges 3-12 years was performed and decay missing filling-tooth/decay filling-tooth (DMFT/dft), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), and modified gingival index (MGI) indices were charted. Maxillofacial defects, dental problems and drooling of saliva were assessed. Children's CP type, motor milestone, and gross motor skills were determined. All statistical analyses were performed at P < 0.05 and 0.01. Results: About 84.0% of children had spastic quadriplegia, 41.9% were sit supported, 32.3% had Level IV gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), and 29.0% had Level V. No maxillofacial defects, 14.5% had dentine exposure >1/3 of the surface, and 22.6% had frequent/severe drooling saliva. Caries prevalence comprised 54.8%, 53.2% had poor oral hygiene (OHI-S index), and 43.6% had severe gingival inflammation (MGI index). The first best predictor variable for dft was "Motor Milestone." GMFCS (Level IV and V) was the first best predictor variable for DMFT, OHI-S, and MGI indices. Conclusion: The majority of children had dental caries, poor oral hygiene, and severe gingival inflammation. Children who were sit supported had no neck support and stand supported were suffering from dental caries (dft) more than children who were sitting and walking alone. Children with Levels IV/V GMFCS were prone to have dental caries (DMFT), susceptible to suffer from bad oral hygiene, and older children experiencing severe gingivitis more than younger ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have recently demonstrated that active communication to explain the importance of oral hygiene can improve the oral health of orthodontic patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a structured text message communication on orthodontic patient's oral hygiene compliance for tooth brushing, plaque control and gingival health. This Randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients of both sex with age range between 15-25 years recruited from orthodontics department de, Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. All participants were undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Participants were randomized in to text message and control group. Pre, during and post-trial examinations were carried out by author her-self using blind and calibrated methodology using plaque, bleeding and modified gingival indices. Results showed that text message group expressed a statistically significant (P<0.001) decrease in Bleeding Index score, Plaque Index score and Modified Gingival Index score from 0-60 days as compared to control group. This was concluded that text message reminder system is effective for improving oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients. Bleeding Index, Plaque Index and Modified Gingival Index scores were significantly lower in the text message group than control group. There is a need of clinical trial with longer duration on large number of subjects in the age range of 15-40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial plaque is known to be the most important causative agent of periodontal disease. Since plaque control by mechanical methods is not enough to keep the gingival health in many people, attention has been brought to medicinal treatments, including mouthwashes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of asafoetida versus chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) mouthwash. This study was a double-blind randomized active-controlled clinical trial. One hundred and twenty six patients were randomly assigned into two groups of asafoetida and CHG mouthwashes. They were advised to use 15 ml of their prescribed mouthwash twice daily for a period of 7 days. Before enrollment and then at the end of the 7th day of intervention, the plaque index (PI) and modified gingival index (MGI) were measured. Moreover, safety measures were monitored during this period. After the intervention period, improvement of MGI mean difference was observed in both of the asafoetida and CHG groups (0.9 ± 0.7 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5, respectively). Also, there was an improvement regarding PI mean difference in both of the asafoetida and CHG groups (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.6, respectively). However, mean differences of MGI and PI in the asafoetida group showed a significant reduction, compared to the CHG group (P < 0.0001). It should be noted that no serious side effects were observed. Considering the results, it seems that asafoetida mouthwash can be recommended as an efficient herbal mouthwash for improving the indices of gingival health. However, future studies on larger cohorts with longer intervention periods are necessitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the use of a manual toothbrush plus water flosser to a manual toothbrush alone on clinical signs of inflammation., Methods: Seventy-two subjects were randomized into two groups and completed this four-week, single-blind, parallel, clinical trial. Group 1 used a Waterpik®Water Flosser (WF) once daily and brushed with a manual toothbrush twice a day. Group 2 brushed twice a day with a manual toothbrush only (MT). Subjects in group 1 were provided written and verbal instructions for the water flosser and all participants used the toothpaste and manual brush provided, brushing as they normally do. Data were evaluated at baseline (BSL), two weeks (W2), and four weeks (W4) for bleeding on probing (BOP), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI)., Results: Both groups showed a significant reduction from BSL for BOP, MGI, and RMNPI at W2 and W4, except for MT W2 facial proximal MGI (p = 0.153) and marginal RMNPI (p = 0.324). The WF was significantly more effective than the MT for reducing BOP, MGI, and RMNPI at W2 and W4 for all areas measured. The WF was 3.13 times as effective for reducing BOP, 2.69 times for MGI, and 2.44 times for RMNPI at W4 (p < 0.001) for whole mouth scores., Conclusions: The addition of the Waterpik®Water Flosser to manual tooth brushing is significantly more effective for improving gingival health than manual tooth brushing alone., Competing Interests: C. Ram Goyal and Jimmy G. Qaqish are employed by All Sum Research Center. Reinhard Schuller is employed by Reinhard Schuller Consulting. Deborah M. Lyle is employed by Waterpik, Inc., (Copyright© by the YES Group, Inc.)

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of a marketed oscillating-rotating electric rechargeable toothbrush to a marketed sonic toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque over an 8-week period., Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel group, eight-week study. Subjects with presence of mild-to-moderate plaque and gingivitis received an oral examination and were evaluated for baseline gingivitis (Modified Gingival Index; MGI), gingival bleeding (Gingival Bleeding Index; GBI), and plaque (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index). Qualified subjects were randomly assigned to an entry-level oscillating-rotating electric rechargeable brush handle (Oral-B® PRO 1000, D16U) with a round brush head with angled bristles (Oral-B® CrossAction, EB50) or a premium sonic brush (Philips Sonicare® Diamond Clean Toothbrush with AdaptiveClean brush head). One hundred and fifty subjects were instructed to brush twice daily with their assigned brush and a fluoride dentifrice for eight weeks before returning for an oral examination and gingivitis and plaque evaluations. The same methods were used at baseline and Week 8 for all evaluations., Results: One hundred and forty-eight subjects completed the study, 74 in each group. After eight weeks of use, both brushes reduced MGI, GBI, total number of bleeding sites, whole mouth plaque, gingival margin plaque, and proximal plaque (p < 0.001 for each). The oscillating-rotating brush provided statistically significantly greater reductions than the sonic brush for all gingivitis measures, with a 34.8%, 48.4%, and 42.6% greater reduction for MGI, GBI, and number of bleeding sites, respectively, after eight weeks of use (p < 0.001 for each). Significantly greater whole mouth (26.2%) and proximal (38.5%) plaque reductions were also demonstrated at Week 8 for the oscillating-rotating brush versus the sonic brush (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The entry-level oscillating-rotating brush performed better than the premium sonic brush in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis in this eight-week randomized and examiner-blind study., Competing Interests: Dr. Ccahuana-Vasquez, Ms. Conde, Ms. Cunningham, and Dr. Grender are employees of Procter & Gamble. Dr. Goyal and Mr. Qaqish have no conflicts to disclose. The research was funded by Procter & Gamble., (Copyright© by the YES Group, Inc.)

Objectives: Evaluating oral and dental health status in Egyptian children with cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to gross motor skills and types of CP., Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at el-Shatby Hospital for Children, Alexandria-Egypt. Oral examination for 62 children with CP between the age ranges 3-12 years was performed and decay missing filling-tooth/decay filling-tooth (DMFT/dft), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), and modified gingival index (MGI) indices were charted. Maxillofacial defects, dental problems and drooling of saliva were assessed. Children's CP type, motor milestone, and gross motor skills were determined. All statistical analyses were performed at P < 0.05 and 0.01., Results: About 84.0% of children had spastic quadriplegia, 41.9% were sit supported, 32.3% had Level IV gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), and 29.0% had Level V. No maxillofacial defects, 14.5% had dentine exposure >1/3 of the surface, and 22.6% had frequent/severe drooling saliva. Caries prevalence comprised 54.8%, 53.2% had poor oral hygiene (OHI-S index), and 43.6% had severe gingival inflammation (MGI index). The first best predictor variable for dft was "Motor Milestone." GMFCS (Level IV and V) was the first best predictor variable for DMFT, OHI-S, and MGI indices., Conclusion: The majority of children had dental caries, poor oral hygiene, and severe gingival inflammation. Children who were sit supported had no neck support and stand supported were suffering from dental caries (dft) more than children who were sitting and walking alone. Children with Levels IV/V GMFCS were prone to have dental caries (DMFT), susceptible to suffer from bad oral hygiene, and older children experiencing severe gingivitis more than younger ones.