6,708 results on '"monounsaturated fatty acids"'
Search Results
2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid alterations in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Fossdal, Guri, Braadland, Peder, Hov, Johannes Roksund, Husebye, Eystein Sverre, Folseraas, Trine, Ueland, Per Magne, Ulvik, Arve, Karlsen, Tom Hemming, Berge, Rolf Kristian, and Vesterhus, Mette
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids , *FATTY acid oxidation - Abstract
AbstractObjectivesMaterials and methodsResultsConclusionsIndications of mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly seen in liver diseases, but data are scarce in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Analyzing circulating and liver-resident molecules indirectly reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction, we aimed to comprehensively characterize this deficit in PSC, and whether this was PSC specific or associated with cholestasis.We retrospectively included plasma from 191 non-transplant patients with large-duct PSC and 100 healthy controls and explanted liver tissue extracts from 24 PSC patients and 18 non-cholestatic liver disease controls. Using mass spectroscopy, we profiled lipids and fatty acids, carnitine, acylcarnitines, and metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine-nicotinamide pathway.Hierarchal clustering of fatty acid levels identified patients with PSC and healthy controls as separate clusters. Compared to healthy controls, PSC patients had increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and palmitate (C16:0) in plasma, but reduced levels of long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings were more pronounced in PSC patients with cholestasis. Several n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were elevated in PSC but not associated with cholestasis. Acylcarnitine ratios C2/C5 and C2/C3 were elevated while C2/C16 was reduced in PSC, indicating impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation of medium-long chained fatty acids. Levels of intermediates in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway indicated impaired NAD biosynthesis, suggesting impaired energy supply to mitochondria in PSC.We found that mitochondrial dysfunction was prominent in PSC and associated with increasing cholestasis. Whether this is merely a marker of liver disease and severity, or an underlying driver and potential therapeutic target in PSC remains to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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3. Does the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) Predict Metabolic Profile and Glycemic Status Among the Obese Population?
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Ghaffari Sarghein, Mehdi, Abbasalizad Farhangi, Mahdieh, and Nikrad, Negin
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NUTRITIONAL status , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *BASAL metabolism , *INSULIN resistance , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay - Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the existence of metabolic profile risk factors and impaired glycemic status such as dysglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Several studies demonstrated that a diet that promotes proper nutritional intake; plays a critical role in the prevention and control of MetS. Our goal for conducting this cross-sectional study was to investigate any potential relationships between the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and cardiometabolic risk variables within obese individuals. individuals. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 338 seemingly healthy participants who were overweight or obese were enrolled. The assessment of dietary consumption was conducted through a validated questionnaire comprising 168 items Then NAR was calculated for all ten vitamins and six minerals. Biochemical variables are measured by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), QUICKI (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index), and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) were calculated using the suggested formulas. Results: Subjects in the upper NAR tertiles exhibited a significantly higher percentage of fat-free mass (P =.002), appetite (P =.002), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (P =.002). In addition, Participants in the upper tertiles of NAR consumed a greater amount of energy and all vitamins and minerals included in NAR and meat, fish and poultry (MFP) (P <.001) as well as cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (P <.05). Furthermore, no association was shown between NAR and metabolic profile and glycemic status. Conclusion: According to our findings, a higher nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was associated with higher fat-free mass but no significant link between NAR and metabolic profile risk factors was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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4. Short-Term and Long-Term Fluvastatin Inhibit Effects of Thrombospondin-1 on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
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Maier, Kristopher, Helkin, Alex, Stein, Jeffrey J., Yuan, Helen L., Seymour, Keri, Ryabtsev, Boris, Iwuchukwu, Chinenye, and Gahtan, Vivian
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COMBINATION drug therapy , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *RESEARCH funding , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology , *FLUVASTATIN , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *CELL motility , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *VASCULAR smooth muscle , *HYDROXY acids , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *TRANSFERASES , *TIME , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Introduction: Vascular smooth muscle cells are important in intimal hyperplasia. Thrombospondin-1 is a matricellular protein involved in the vascular injury response. Statins are cholesterol lowering drugs that have beneficial cardiovascular effects. Statis have been shown to inhibit smooth muscle migration through the mevalonate pathway. This effect is thought to be mediated by small G protein Ras and Rho turnover which requires many hours. While many patients undergoing treatment for vascular disease are on statins, many are not. Thus immediate pretreatment with statins before surgery may be beneficial. We hypothesized that statins have effects independent of the mevalonate pathway and thus have an immediate effect. Methods: Human vascular smooth muscle cells were pretreated for 20 h (long-term) or 20 min (short-term) with fluvastatin, or mevalonolactone plus fluvastatin. Thrombospondin-1-induced migration, activation of p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Src, focal adhesion kinase and PI3 kinase was determined. The effect of fluvastatin on thrombospondin-1-induced expression of THBS1, FOS, HAS2 and TGFB2 was examined. Results: Both treatments inhibited thrombospondin-1-induced chemotaxis back to the control group. Mevalonolactone reversed the long-term statin effect by increasing migration but had no effect on the short-term statin response. p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase was activated by thrombospondin-1 and both treatments augmented activation. Neither treatment affected c-Src activity, but both inhibited focal adhesion kinase and PI3 kinase activity. Only long-term statin treatment inhibited THBS1 expression while both treatments inhibited FOS and TGFB2 expression. Neither treatment affected HAS2. FOS knockdown inhibited thrombospondin-1-induced HAS2 but not TGFβ2 gene expression. Conclusion: Long-term fluvastatin inhibited thrombospondin-1-induced chemotaxis through the mevalonate pathway while short-term fluvastatin inhibited chemotaxis through an alternate mechanism. Short-term stains have immediate effects independent of the mevalonate pathway. Acute local treatment with statins followed by longer term therapy may limit the vascular response to injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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5. Enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and milk composition of dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and L -malate supplements.
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Zhou, Xiaokang, Fu, Shuaiqi, Li, Gaiying, Yao, Zhaohui, Du, Xingjie, Zhang, Yan, and Gao, Tengyun
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,COMPOSITION of milk ,MILK proteins - Abstract
Twenty-four cows were used in a randomized complete block design. Cows were assigned to three groups: (1) Control, (2) 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) of 200 mg/kg feed dry matter (10% NOP), and (3) NOP × MAL (10% NOP at 200 mg/kg feed dry matter plus 99% L -malate at 10 g/kg feed dry matter). Cows were fed for 10-wk. NOP did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) or milk yield, whereas NOP × MAL decreased DMI but did not affect milk yield. Average methane production decreased by 54% in NOP and by 51% in NOP × MAL. Both NOP and NOP × MAL increased concentrations of milk fat and protein. In addition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and total saturated fatty acids increased in both NOP and NOP × MAL. However, total monounsaturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids only increased in NOP × MAL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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6. Serum fatty acid profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus and patient reported outcomes: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Program.
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Gilley, Kristen N., Fenton, Jenifer I., Zick, Suzanna M., Li, Kexin, Wang, Lu, Marder, Wendy, McCune, W. Joseph, Jain, Raghav, Herndon-Fenton, Sidney, Hassett, Afton L., Barbour, Kamil E., Pestka, James J., and Somers, Emily C.
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid ,FATTY acids - Abstract
Introduction: Despite progress in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment, challenges persist in medication adherence due to side effects and costs. Precision nutrition, particularly adjusting fatty acid intake, offers a cost-effective strategy for enhancing SLE management. Prior research, including our own, indicates that increased consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) correlates with improved outcomes in SLE patients. Here we build upon these findings by investigating associations between serum fatty acids—grouped as PUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs)—and lupus activity, pain, and sleep disturbance. Methods: Using data from 418 participants with SLE in the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance (MILES) Cohort, we examined associations between serum levels of 25 fatty acids determined by GC-MS and patient-reported outcomes. Disease activity, pain, and sleep quality were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Generalized additive models and partial residual plots were utilized to examine the linearity of fatty acid effects. Variable selection was performed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), followed by multiple linear regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results: Findings indicated favorable associations between ω-3 PUFAs—and, to a lesser extent, ω-6 PUFAs—and patient-reported outcomes, while MUFAs and SFAs showed unfavorable associations. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 PUFA, exhibited the most robust favorable associations across all outcomes. Additionally, the omega-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) was linked to reduced pain, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), another omega-3, was associated with worsened disease activity and pain. Among omega-6 PUFAs, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) was favorably associated with disease activity, while the omega-9 PUFA Mead acid was linked to increased pain. Discussion: These findings underscore the prospect that increased tissue levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly DHA, are favorably associated with SLE outcomes. Although further research is needed to establish causal relationships, existing evidence supports the role of omega-3 PUFAs in managing cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease, common SLE comorbidities. Most study participants exhibited low omega-3 PUFA status, suggesting substantial potential for improvement through targeted dietary interventions and supplementation. This study supports a potential role for precision nutrition in comprehensive SLE management, considering the impact of PUFAs, SFAs and MUFAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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7. Protein kinase CK2 sustains de novo fatty acid synthesis by regulating the expression of SCD-1 in human renal cancer cells.
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Guerra, Barbara, Jurcic, Kristina, van der Poel, Rachelle, Cousineau, Samantha Lynn, Doktor, Thomas K., Buchwald, Laura M., Roffey, Scott E., Lindegaard, Caroline A., Ferrer, Anna Z., Siddiqui, Mohammad A., Gyenis, Laszlo, Andresen, Brage S., and Litchfield, David W.
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PROTEIN kinase CK2 , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *LIFE sciences , *UNFOLDED protein response , *MEDICAL sciences - Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a type of cancer characterized by a vast intracellular accumulation of lipids that are critical to sustain growth and viability of the cells in the tumour microenvironment. Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase 1 (SCD-1) is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and consistently overexpressed in all stages of ccRCC growth. Methods: Human clear cell renal cell carcinoma lines were treated with small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinase CK2. Effects on the expression levels of SCD-1 were investigated by RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and in vivo studies in mice. Phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and MALDI-mass spectrometry analysis were carried out to study the effects on endogenous lipid accumulation, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, rescue effects induced by exogenous MUFAs, and the identity of lipid populations. Cell proliferation and survival were investigated in real time employing the Incucyte® live-cell analysis system. Statistical significance was determined by applying the two-tailed Student's t test when comparing two groups of data whereas the two-way ANOVA, multiple Tukey's test was employed for multiple comparisons. Results: Here, we show that protein kinase CK2 is critical for preserving the expression of SCD-1 in ccRCC lines maintained in culture and heterotransplanted into nude mice. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 leads to induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress linked to unfolded protein response activation and decreased proliferation of the cells. Both effects could be reversed by supplementing the growth medium with oleic acid indicating that these effects are specifically caused by reduced expression of SCD-1. Analysis of lipid composition by MALDI-mass spectrometry revealed that inhibition of CK2 results in a significant accumulation of the saturated palmitic- and stearic acids. Conclusions: Collectively, our results revealed a previously unidentified molecular mechanism regulating the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids corroborating the notion that novel therapeutic approaches that include CK2 targeting, may offer a greater synergistic anti-tumour effect for cancers that are highly dependent on fatty acid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. A bioprocess engineering approach for the production of hydrocarbons and fatty acids from green microalga under high cobalt concentration as the feedstock of high-grade biofuels.
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Patel, Alok, Rantzos, Chloe, Krikigianni, Eleni, Rova, Ulrika, Christakopoulos, Paul, and Matsakas, Leonidas
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *HYDROCARBONS , *BOTRYOCOCCUS braunii , *BIOCHEMICAL engineering , *LIGHT intensity - Abstract
Botryococcus braunii, a colonial green microalga which is well-known for its capacity to synthesize hydrocarbons, has significant promise as a long-term source of feedstock for the generation of biofuels. However, cultivating and scaling up B. braunii using conventional aqua-suspended cultivation systems remains a challenge. In this study, we optimized medium components and light intensity to enhance lipid and hydrocarbon production in a multi-cultivator airlift photobioreactor. BBM 3N medium with 200 μmol/m2/s light intensity and a 16 h light–8 h dark regimen yielded the highest biomass productivity (110.00 ± 2.88 mg/L/day), as well as the highest lipid and hydrocarbon content. Cultivation in a flat-panel bioreactor resulted in significantly higher biomass productivity (129.11 ± 2.74 mg/L/day), lipid productivity (32.21 ± 1.31 mg/L/day), and hydrocarbon productivity (28.98 ± 2.08 mg/L/day) compared to cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks and open 20-L raceway pond. It also exhibited 20.15 ± 1.03% of protein content including elevated levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. This work is noteworthy since it is the first to describe fatty acid and hydrocarbon profiles of B. braunii during cobalt treatment. The study demonstrated that high cobalt concentrations (up to 5 mg/L of cobalt nitrate) during Botryococcus culture affected hydrocarbon synthesis, resulting in high amounts of n-alkadienes and trienes as well as lipids with elevated monounsaturated fatty acids concentration. Furthermore, pyrolysis experiments on microalgal green biomass and de-oiled biomass revealed the lipid and hydrocarbon compounds generated by the thermal degradation of B. braunii that facilitate extra economical value to this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Healthy eating patterns associated with reduced risk of inflammatory bowel disease by lowering low-grade inflammation: evidence from a large prospective cohort study.
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Xia, Bin, Li, Yan, Hu, Linmin, Xie, Peng, Mi, Ningning, Lv, Liyuan, Liang, Zixin, Sun, Yuxuan, Li, Ying, Jiang, Xiaodong, Liu, Guinan, Feng, Yuanyuan, Zhu, Yingxin, Zhan, Bo, He, Qiangsheng, Lei, Pingguang, Qi, Jian, Wang, Pengpeng, and Yuan, Jinqiu
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INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *DIETARY patterns , *CROHN'S disease , *SATURATED fatty acids , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids - Abstract
Background: Limited epidemiological evidence exists regarding the role of healthy eating patterns in reducing the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to four established healthy eating patterns and subsequent CD or UC risk, and further examined whether these associations are linked to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 197,391 participants from the UK Biobank who completed at least one dietary questionnaire and were free from inflammatory bowel disease or cancer at baseline. Four dietary patterns were assessed, including Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED), Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI), and EAT-Lancet. Cox proportional models with restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the associations. The potential role of low-grade inflammation in these associations was examined through mediation analysis. Results: During 2,193,436 person-years follow-up, 260 CD and 601 UC cases were identified. Higher AMED and HEI-2015 scores were associated with a reduced risk of CD but no UC, with no evidence against nonlinearity. These associations remained consistent across multiple sensitive and subgroup analyses. For dietary components, the fruits and monounsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acids ratio in AMED, and total fruits, total protein foods and fatty acid in HEI-2015 were linked to a decreased CD risk. Both diets were also associated with lower plasma inflammation biomarkers. Mediation analysis indicated that 7.66% and 13.40% of the reductions in CD risk attributed to AMED and HEI-2015 diets, respectively, were mediated by low-grade inflammation scores. Conclusions: Higher adherence to AMED and HEI-2015 might significantly reduce CD risk, partly due to their anti-inflammatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Candidate genes associated with fatty acid compositions in north American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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Langille, Barbara L., Juárez, Manuel, Prieto, Nuria, Boison, Solomon, Lim, Panya Sae, Swift, Bruce D., and Garber, Amber F.
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *LAURIC acid , *ARACHIDONIC acid , *FATTY acids , *ESSENTIAL fatty acids - Abstract
Fatty acids are a requirement for normal development, however, since humans are unable to de novo produce essential fatty acids, they must be obtained from diet. Atlantic salmon is a major dietary source of nutritious and digestible fatty acids. Here, we set out to uncover the genomic basis of individual fatty acids and indices (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, and n-6) in 208 North American Atlantic salmon, to understand selection potential toward increasing relative quantities of essential fatty acids and to identify candidate genes for future research. Total n-6 (pro-inflammatory) was higher than total n-3 (anti-inflammatory) fatty acids with a ratio of 1 : 1.31 (n-3 : n-6). Heritability of fatty acids ranged from 0 to 0.99, however, most fatty acids and indices had moderate to high heritabilities (ranged from 0.20 to 0.88), implying that selection for improvement of traits could be possible. We found the same significant markers on chromosome 23 (based on false discovery rate thresholds of 2.0e-6 and suggestive significant thresholds of 2.0e-5 in Manhattan plots) in four fatty acids (γ-linoleic acid, stearidonic acid, dihimo-γ-linolenic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid), where three genes (sin3b, acbd6, and fads2) are known to be involved in lipid metabolism. These genes, fads2 in particular, would all make ideal candidates for future functional studies. In addition, there were four fatty acids with loci over the suggestive significant threshold with a variety of markers on different chromosomes (lauric acid, stearic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), and docosadienoic acid), with associated genes that had relevant functions to fatty acids or adipose cells in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Dietary intake, biomarkers and supplementation of fatty acids and risk of coronary events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies.
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Jayedi, Ahmad, Soltani, Sepideh, Emadi, Alireza, Ghods, Kamran, and Shab-Bidar, Sakineh
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TRANS fatty acids , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *PALMITIC acid , *FATTY acids , *ALPHA-linolenic acid , *OMEGA-6 fatty acids , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids - Abstract
We aimed to review the association of dietary fats and risk of coronary events in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to April 2022 for prospective cohorts and randomized trials investigating the association of dietary intake and biomarkers of fats and fatty acid interventions and the risk of coronary events. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate relative risk (RR) for the top versus bottom tertiles of exposures. One-hundered sixty-five prospective cohorts and randomized trials were included. Dietary intake and biomarkers of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the risk of coronary events. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acids from meat and unprocessed meat was modestly associated with a higher risk and, in contrast, intake of alpha-linolenic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and linoleic acid was modestly associated with a lower risk. Supplementation with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and increasing the consumption of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in place of saturated fats reduced the risk of coronary events. Existing evidence, in its totality, provides a modest support in favor of current recommendations suggesting replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Application of EU Geographical Indications for the Protection of Smoked Dry-Cured Ham—Impact on Quality Parameters.
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Gugić Ratković, Ana, Turk, Martina, Medić, Helga, Karolyi, Danijel, and Marušić Radovčić, Nives
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,AROMATIC compounds ,PRODUCTION methods ,PHENOLS ,CHEMICAL properties - Abstract
This study compares Dalmatinski pršut, an EU Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)-labelled smoked dry-cured ham from the Dalmatia region in Croatia, with non-PGI hams from the same area, focusing on the impact of PGI certification on the product quality. The investigation is prompted by the increasing presence of dry-cured hams lacking the PGI label on the market, aspiring to compete with esteemed high-value PGI products. Samples of 28 smoked dry-cured hams (12 PGI and 16 non-PGI) were analysed for chemical properties, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, PAH content and sensory characteristics. The results showed that PGI and non-PGI hams differ in their chemical and physical properties, with non-PGI hams having a lower water content and a higher salt content, which was also confirmed by the saltier taste in the sensory evaluation. PGI hams had a lower b* colour value, and, while the differences in texture were minimal, non-PGI hams had slightly more monounsaturated fatty acids. The aroma analysis revealed that PGI hams contained more aldehydes and alcohols, while non-PGI hams had a higher content of phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, probably due to differences in smoking practices. PAH levels, however, were within the EU limits, indicating controlled smoking of both type of hams. Overall, these results show that the quality of smoked dry-cured ham can be distinguished by the PGI designation. The study illustrates how the traditional production methods prescribed by the PGI production protocols shape the sensory and chemical profiles of Dalmatinski pršut, with the PGI certification playing a crucial role in maintaining product quality and certifying its typicality, to distinguish it from non-PGI products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Author Correction: Leveraging ML for profiling lipidomic alterations in breast cancer tissues: a methodological perspective.
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Shahnazari, Parisa, Kavousi, Kaveh, Minuchehr, Zarrin, Goliaei, Bahram, and Salek, Reza M.
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STEROL regulatory element-binding proteins , *HER2 positive breast cancer , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *TYROSINE - Abstract
The correction notice in Scientific Reports addresses errors in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the original article on profiling lipidomic alterations in breast cancer tissues using machine learning. The corrected figures show differential abundance analysis of phospholipids and triacylglycerols, as well as a schematic representation of up-regulation of fatty acids in HER2-positive breast cancer tissues. The authors, Parisa Shahnazari, Kaveh Kavousi, Zarrin Minuchehr, Bahram Goliaei, and Reza M. Salek, have made the necessary corrections to the article. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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14. Effects of plant oil extracts on the digestibility, hematobiochemistry, and hematology of Clarias gariepinus.
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Enyidi, U. D. and Asuquo, P.
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Background: Plant oil extract like sesame oil has high polyunsaturated fatty acids, while palm oil extracts are saturated. A serial substitution of crude sesame extract together with crude palm extract was used in novel diets of African catfish. Five types of feeds designated as feed F1 to feed F5 were made to vary in the inclusion of crude sesame extract (CSE) and crude palm extract (CPE), CSE: CPE), as follows: F1, 25:5, F2, 20:10, F3, 15:15, F4, 10:5, and F5, 5:25. Feed F6 was a commercial feed. The fish were fed to satiation for 70 days. We analyzed the digestibility of CSE, CPE, the feeds and the hematology and hematobiochemical parameters of the catfish. Results: Results showed that the catfish had significantly higher digestibility for CSE 93.34 ± 0.22% than for CPE 78.98 ± 0.11%. Feed F1 had the highest digestibility 91.32 ± 0.07%, followed by feed F2, 82.25 ± 0.04%. The higher digestibility of feeds F1, F2, and F3 than F4 and F5 could be due to the lipids and fatty acid composition of the feed. Sesame seed is known to be high in phospholipids and triacylglycerols, and this enhances digestibility. Phospholipids are present in low quantities in palm oil. Crude sesame extract reduced blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, while crude palm extract increased them. Conversely higher dietary inclusions of CSE (F1 > F2 > F3) in that order increased the Hb, RBC, MCH, MCHC, TWBC, and the PCV.a Conclusions: Crude sesame extract should be added to the diets of African catfish for optimal digestibility and enhanced hematobiochemical and hematological indices. Crude palm extract should be added but not above 10% for optimal performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Erucic acid utilization by Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2.
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Thompson, Sharon C., Beliakoff, Reagan, Garrett, Timothy J., Gonzalez, Claudio F., and Lorca, Graciela L.
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,PHOSPHATIDIC acids ,RAPESEED oil ,FATTY acids - Abstract
A multivariate nutritional analysis indicated that the consumption of erucic acid-rich food, a fatty acid (FA) found primarily in rapeseed and mustard oil, was positively correlated with higher counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, we showed Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2, as well as other species of LAB tested from the former Lactobacillus genus, were able to efficiently use erucic acid (EA) as the source of FA. In this work, we identified significant changes induced in the FA profiles of L. johnsonii cultured with EA as the source of FA. We performed global transcriptomics to identify genes and pathways involved in EA utilization. It was found that L. johnsonii incorporates external fatty acids via a FakA/FakB and the plsX/plsY/plsC pathway for phosphatidic acid synthesis. It was found that cells grown in MRS with EA (MRS-E) significantly upregulated fakB2 and fakB4 when compared to cells grown in standard MRS with tween 80 as the source of FA. Additionally, in MRS-E, L. johnsonii N6.2 induced the expression of plsY2, plsC2 and plsC4 while the expression of pslX was constitutive during short term EA exposure. LC–MS analyses revealed that L. johnsonii N6.2 rapidly incorporates EA and synthesizes a variety of long chain fatty acids, including the health-relevant omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids such as nervonic and gondoic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Deciphering the role of oleic acid in diabetic retinopathy: an empirical analysis of monounsaturated fatty acids.
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Wang, Ziyi, Wang, Hui, Chen, Yuxin, Chen, Yang, Zhang, Xinlv, Diwon, Anthony, Zhang, Guomiao, Sheng, Qichao, Mei, Huiqin, Xu, Yixi, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Mao, Qingyang, Zheng, Chao, and Mao, Guangyun
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *STATISTICAL correlation , *RESEARCH funding , *DIABETIC retinopathy , *EMPIRICAL research , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *LIPIDS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *RESEARCH , *CASE-control method , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *MATHEMATICAL models , *THEORY , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *COMPARATIVE studies , *BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Aims: The existing literature indicates that oleic acid (OA) is the most prevalent monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in both diet and plasma, known for its beneficial impact on insulin resistance and inflammation. However, its role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the association between OA and DR and explore its potential in DR detection. Methods: We conducted a two-center, propensity score-matched case–control study, including 69 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with diagnosed DR (cases) and 69 matched T2D individuals without DR (control), in China from August 2017 to June 2018. Multiple logistic regression models analyzed the association between MUFAs and DR. The impact of 7 distinct MUFAs on DR was examined using elastic net regression (ENET), weighted quantile regression (WQS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), focusing on key lipid biomarkers. The diagnostic utility of these biomarkers was assessed by calculating the AUC. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between MUFAs and DR, with OA identified as pivotal by ENET, WQS, and BKMR. The adjusted OR and 95% CI for DR were 0.25 (0.09, 0.69) for subjects in the 2nd tertile of OA and 0.11 (0.04, 0.30) for the 3rd tertile, compared to the lowest tertile. These results were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The AUC (95% CI) for OA alone was 0.72 (0.63, 0.81), increasing to 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) when combined with other covariates. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a robust inverse relationship between plasma OA levels and DR risk, suggesting that OA could serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying type 2 diabetic patients with DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Integrated multi-omics analyses combined with western blotting discovered that cis-TSG alleviated liver injury via modulating lipid metabolism.
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Teka, Tekleab, Wu, Jiang, Oduro, Patrick Kwabena, Li, Ze, Wang, Chenxi, Chen, Hao, Zhang, Lin, Wang, Haitao, Wang, Liming, and Han, Lifeng
- Subjects
MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,LIPID metabolism ,PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,BILE acids ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase ,ALANINE aminotransferase - Abstract
Background: Polygonum multiflorum shows dual hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects. The bioactive components responsible for these effects are unknown. This study investigates whether cis -2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β -D-glucoside (cis -TSG), a stilbene glycoside, has hepatoprotective and/or hepatotoxic effects in a liver injury model. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered α -naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to induce cholestasis, followed by treatment with cis-TSG. Hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects were assessed using serum biomarkers, liver histology, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiling. Transcriptomic analysis were conducted to explore gene expression changes associated with lipid and bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results and Discussion: ANIT administration caused significant liver injury, evident from elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and dysregulated lipid metabolism. cis -TSG treatment markedly reduced ALT and AST levels, normalized lipid profiles, and ameliorated liver damage, as seen histologically. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that cis -TSG influenced key pathways, notably glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. The treatment with cis -TSG increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs), enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activity. Transcriptomic data confirmed these findings, showing the downregulation of genes linked to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the cis -TSG-treated group. The findings suggest that cis -TSG has a hepatoprotective effect through modulation of lipid metabolism and PPARα activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Effects of compound honeysuckle extract on antioxidation, egg quality and flavor of laying hens.
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XIONG Ai-jun, ZOU Xin-hua, ZHANG Zeng-yu, HUANG Ming-yuan, and XIANG Jiang-bo
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *HENS , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *EGG quality , *EGG yolk - Abstract
The experiment aimed to study the effects of compound honeysuckle extract on the antioxidant capacity, egg quality, and flavor of laying hens. A total of 1 552 healthy 400-day-old Jingfen No.6 laying hens were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates per group, each containing 194 laying hens. The control group was fed a basic diet, while the experimental group was supplemented with 0.3% compound honeysuckle extract in the basic diet. The pre-trial period lasted for seven days and the formal experimental period lasted for 56 days. The results showed that there is no significant difference in production performance between the two groups (P>0.05), but the experimental group's egg Haugh units were extremely higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum (P<0.05) and extremely higher activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P<0.01). The concentrations of serine, methionine, and arginine in egg white of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P<0.05), and the content of isoleucine was significantly lower than that of control group ( P<0.05). The experimental group's egg yolks had significantly higher levels of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids than the control group ( P<0.05), and the total fatty acid was extremely higher (eP<0.01). The types of yolk volatile substances and aldehyde content in experimental group were higher than those in control group. The study indicates that adding 0.3% compound honeysuckle extract to the feed can improve the antioxidant capacity of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs, affect the content of volatile substances in the egg yolk, and enhance the taste of the eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Effect of Mussel Meal Feed Supplement on Growth, Health Status, Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata).
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Privileggio, Luca, Grozić, Kristina, Maurić Maljković, Maja, Pavičić-Hamer, Dijana, Janči, Tibor, Relić, Marko, Barić, Renata, and Hamer, Bojan
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SPARUS aurata , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *SUNFLOWER seed oil , *BINDING agents - Abstract
To evaluate the effects of mussel meal, as a sustainable ingredient for fish feed, on the growth, health status, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of gilthead seabream, mussel meal was included in commercial feed formulations. Sunflower oil (2%) was used as a binding agent. Four groups of gilthead seabream were fed either with control feed (commercial feed, commercial feed and sunflower oil) or mussel-meal-supplemented formulations (commercial feed, sunflower oil, and 2.5 or 5% mussel meal) for six weeks. In this experiment, a total of 180 specimens of gilthead seabream juveniles were included. The initial weight and length of the gilthead seabream specimens were, on average, 13.04 g and 9.57 cm, respectively. The average temperature of the seawater ranged between 25 and 26 °C during the experiment. The results of this study indicated a higher relative weight gain and a slightly lower feed conversion ratio in the control group fed with commercial feed, probably because of macronutrient imbalances introduced by the addition of mussel meal and sunflower oil. The groups fed with mussel-supplemented diets had a slightly lower crude protein content compared to the group fed with a commercial diet. The addition of sunflower oil and mussel meal decreased the saturated fatty acid content while increasing the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to the control group. However, the high content of DHA and EPA in the mussel meal resulted in a proportional increase of these fatty acids in the muscle tissue of gilthead seabream, although the overall effect was not statistically significant. The findings of this study suggest that mussel meal is a promising source of protein and lipids for sustainable fish feed production, but under the experimental setup, mussel meal did not act as an attractant for increasing fish feed intake during the summer conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii).
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Kashikura, Hiroki, Yagi, Masafumi, Nakamura, Yusa, Sakai, Akira, Takahashi, Kigen, Hiratsuka, Seiichi, and Goto, Keiichi
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INOSINE monophosphate , *FREE fatty acids , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *BLUEFIN tuna , *GLUTAMINE - Abstract
In this study, to investigate the quality of wild and farmed frozen southern bluefin tuna, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were conducted. Principal component analysis was then performed using the results obtained to examine the correlation between the bluefin tuna's taste characteristics and physicochemical properties. The sensory evaluation suggested differences in texture and acidity between wild and farmed fish, whereas the principal component analysis indicated differences in fatty acid and amino acid composition. Wild fish contained higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, while farmed fish had higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Regarding free amino acids and dipeptides, wild fish had higher levels of anserine and alanine, whereas farmed fish showed higher levels of glutamine and histidine, and acidity was observed in farmed fish. Furthermore, based on the results of the principal component analysis, it was inferred that the content of inosinic acid, which is considered an umami component in fish, may have a low impact on palatability. These factors were suggested to influence the differences between wild and farmed tuna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in Nigella Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing.
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Thani, Parbat Raj, Johnson, Joel B., Bhattarai, Surya, Trotter, Tieneke, Walsh, Kerry, Broszczak, Daniel, and Naiker, Mani
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *GALLIC acid , *OXIDANT status , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Nigella sativa L., which is commonly referred to as black cumin, is a globally recognized plant for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of its seed oil. While numerous studies have investigated Nigella oil, there is a scarcity of information regarding the variation of key phytoconstituents in Nigella oil from diverse seed sources. It is also unclear whether the variation in phytoconstituents across different seed sources translates to variations in their respective oils, which is important for understanding their health benefits. Additionally, there is a gap in information on how specific phytochemicals transfer from seed to oil during the oil pressing. Therefore, this study investigated Nigella sourced from different genotypes and agricultural practices (planting densities and sowing times) to determine total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (FRAP and CUPRAC), thymoquinone (TQ), and fatty acid composition. The results showed significant variation of TPC (87.4–144.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g), FRAP (454.1–560.9 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g), CUPRAC (356.3–482.5 mg TE/100 g), TQ (1493.5–2268.4 mg TQ/100 g), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (65.9–83.7 mg/g), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (42.5–67.8 mg/g), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (266.1–383.4 mg/g) in the oil derived from the seeds of different genotypes and agricultural practices. The total transfer of TPC, FRAP, and CUPRAC into the screw-pressed oil was relatively low, contributing only 2.3–3.7%, 7.1–11.7%, and 1.5–2.3%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. However, the transfer of TQ, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA was observed to be comparatively higher, contributing 32.8–48.5%, 60.8–84.2%, 45.6–74.4%, and 43.1–69.4%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. There was no strong correlation observed among TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TQ, and none of the fatty acids showed a strong correlation with these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Application of Pyroligneous Acid as a Plant Growth Stimulant Can Improve the Nutritional Value of Soybean Seed.
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Noel, Randi, Schueller, Michael J., Guthrie, James, and Ferrieri, Richard A.
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *INCINERATION , *ESSENTIAL amino acids , *SEED harvesting - Abstract
Farmers today are using biochemical treatments to improve their crop yields. Commercialized organic biostimulants exist in the form of pyroligneous acid generated by burning agricultural waste products. During the 2023 growing season, we demonstrated that soil treatment with a commercial pyroligneous acid product, Coriphol™, manufactured by Corigin Solutions, Inc., stimulated plant growth and significantly improved yield with an optimal treatment dose of 2 gal. acre−1. In the present work, we examined the effect of this treatment on soybean nutritional content using seed harvested from the 2023 season. Total mean seed protein content for untreated control plants was 32.26 ± 0.49% of dry mass and increased 10.8% to 35.64 ± 0.64% with treatment. This increase resulted in a net reduction in total free amino acid content, although levels of the essential dietary amino acid, lysine, were boosted 6-fold. Total lipid content was unaffected by treatment with mean levels of 21.61 ± 0.70% of dry mass noted. Treatment, however, reduced saturated fatty acid content by roughly 40%, and reduced the polyunsaturated content of linoleic acid in favor of the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid. Finally, Coriphol™ treatment did not impact seed content of eight essential micronutrients including Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Mo, but did significantly boost Zn and Mn levels. Altogether, these results demonstrate that soil treatment with the growth stimulant Coriphol™ has the potential to improve the dietary nutritional value of soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Causal Association Between Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Lung Cancer: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
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Zhang, Shaofeng, Jiang, Jia, Wu, Xiping, Liu, Jiayi, Lei, Wei, Chen, Siqin, Zeng, Yaling, Liu, Xiang, and Xiao, Qiang
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SMALL cell lung cancer , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *FATTY acid analysis , *MENDELIAN randomization , *LUNG cancer - Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and lung cancer. Methods: Genetic data on MUFAs and pathological subtypes of lung cancer were extracted from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analysis utilized inverse‐variance weighted analysis (IVW), with additional methods including the weighted median method, MR‐Egger regression method, and weighted model method. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: The inverse variance–weighted (IVW) analysis of monounsaturated fatty acids in relation to lung adenocarcinoma yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 1.059 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.960 to 1.168 and a p value of 0.252. Similarly, for lung squamous cell carcinoma, the IVW analysis produced odd ratios of 0.884, 95% confidence intervals of 0.747 to 1.045, and a p value of 0.148. In the case of small cell lung cancer, the odds ratio was 0.936, the 95% confidence interval was 0.751 to 1.166, and the p value was 0.554. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no direct causal relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids and the development of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Organic Products of Fatty Acid and Magnesium Sulfate Mixtures after Gamma Radiolysis: Implications for Missions to Europa.
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Lewis, James M.T., Bower, Dina M., Pavlov, Alexander A., Li, Xiang, Wahl, Sarinah Z., Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., and McAdam, Amy C.
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DESORPTION ionization mass spectrometry , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *FATTY acids , *MAGNESIUM sulfate - Abstract
If ocean-derived materials are present at Europa's surface, they would represent accessible records of ocean chemistry and habitability, but such materials would be further processed by Europa's harsh radiation environment. In this study, saturated fatty acids were precipitated onto a Europa-relevant hydrated magnesium sulfate and exposed to gamma radiation doses up to 2 MGy at −196°C. Alkane chains, with carbon numbers one less than those of the starting fatty acids, were the most abundant radiolysis products in solvent and thermal extracts analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Detections of monounsaturated fatty acids and combined radiolysis products were attributed to the experiment's Europa-like parameters. Additionally, elevated concentrations of shorter-chain saturated fatty acids suggest that gamma radiation induced charge remote fragmentation of the alkyl chains of some starting fatty acids under these experimental conditions. Quantitation of fatty acid concentrations in the irradiated samples enabled the calculation of a radiolysis constant that indicated exposure to a 5 MGy dose of gamma radiation would have resulted in a ∼90% loss of the initial fatty acid population. The samples were further studied by Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry, which characterized the distribution of fatty acids and their radiolysis products on sulfate surfaces. The substantial loss of starting fatty acids typically seen with increasing radiation dose, along with the remarkable diversity of radiolysis products identified, suggests that the detection of fatty acids in irradiated sulfate deposits on Europa will be challenged by rapid destruction of any initial fatty acid populations and scrambling of their residual signals by a myriad of organic radiolysis products. If missions to Europa encounter sulfate deposits, targeting minimally irradiated units may still enable the detection of surviving fatty acid signatures that could inform about Europa's subsurface chemistry and habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. The Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Dairy Products in Adipocyte Metabolism.
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Machado, Manuela, Costa, Eduardo M., Silva, Sara, Gomes, Ana Maria, and Pintado, Manuela
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *FATTY acids , *LIPID metabolism - Abstract
This study investigated the fatty acid profile, permeability, and metabolic effects of a functional yogurt enriched with pomegranate oil, focusing on its impact on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. The yogurt's fatty acid composition was primarily composed of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (54.37%), followed by saturated (29.34%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (16.36%). During in vitro digestion, a shift in fatty acid profile was observed, with a decrease in polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids and a slight increase in monounsaturated fatty acids due to hydrolysis. This study further analyzed fatty acid permeability across Caco-2/HT29-MTX monolayers and 3T3-L1 cell uptake, revealing higher permeability for saturated fatty acids than unsaturated ones. In 3T3-L1 cells, permeated fatty acids induced higher lipolysis and increased adiponectin secretion without affecting leptin levels. Cytokine analysis indicated a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers, such as MCP-1, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, suggesting potential benefits in reducing obesity-related inflammation. These results underscore the role of functional yogurts enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids as promising agents for modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Can nutritional scores improve the WHO calibrated non-laboratory risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease? Golestan Cohort Study.
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jabbari, Masoumeh, Eini-Zinab, Hassan, Kalhori, Ali, Barati, Meisam, Zayeri, Farid, Poustchi, Hossein, Pourshams, Akram, Hekmatdoost, Azita, and Malekzadeh, Reza
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DASH diet , *SATURATED fatty acids , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *MEDITERRANEAN diet , *CORONARY disease - Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of the added value of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet scores on the prediction model of the World Health Organization (WHO) to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using the Golestan Cohort Study data. Methods: A total of 44,648 participants (25,268 women and 18,531 men) were included in the final analysis. To assess the external validity of the non-laboratory risk model of WHO, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and calibration plot methods were used. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of 10-year CVD mortality risk with DASH and Mediterranean scores and their components. The added value of each significant variables was evaluated by the concordance C-statistic and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Statistical significance was defined as p-value < 0.05. Results: DASH and Mediterranean diet scores were not significant predictors of 10-year CVD mortality in both genders (p > 0.05). However, sodium and total vegetable in both genders and added sugar in women were significant predictors for 10-year stroke mortality (p < 0.05). Sodium intake in women and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio in men had significant associations with 10-year mortality of myocardial infarction/coronary heart disease (MI/CHD). Calculation of IDI showed that none of the evaluated nutritional indices/variables could significantly improve the WHO model performance and predictive ability. Conclusion: Inclusion of DASH and Mediterranean diet scores and their components did not improve WHO risk prediction model performance and predictive ability to predict 10-year CVD mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. BW312 Hordeum vulgare semi-dwarf mutant exhibits a shifted metabolic profile towards pathogen resistance.
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Rigo, Richard, Zumsteg, Julie, Schaller, Hubert, Barchietto, Thierry, Buchet, Sergej, Heintz, Dimitri, and Villette, Claire
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *BARLEY , *PYRENOPHORA , *ANALYTICAL chemistry , *AMINO acids - Abstract
Introduction: Plant hormonal mutants, which do not produce or are insensitive to hormones, are often affected in their growth and development, but other metabolic rearrangements might be involved. A trade-off between growth and stress response is necessary for the plant survival. Objectives: Here, we explore the metabolic profile and the pathogen resistance of a brassinosteroid-insensitive Hordeum vulgare L. semi-dwarf mutant, BW312. Methods: We investigate BW312 metabolism through a chemical enrichment analysis, confirming a shifted metabolic profile towards pathogen resistance. The effective pathogen resistance of the mutant was tested in presence of Pyrenophora teres and Fusarium graminearum. Results: Four compound families were increased in the mutant (pyrrolidines, basic amino acids, alkaloids, monounsaturated fatty acids), while two compound families were decreased (pyrrolidinones, anthocyanins). Dipeptides were also altered (increased and decreased). BW312 displayed a better resistance to Pyrenophora teres in the earliest stage of infection with a 21.5% decrease of the lesion length 10 days after infection. BW312 also exhibited a reduced lesion length (43.3%) and a reduced browning of the lesions (55.5%) when exposed to Fusarium graminearum at the seedling stage. Conclusion: The observed metabolomic shift strongly suggests that the BW312 semi-dwarf mutant is in a primed state, resulting in a standby state of alertness to pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Substitution of soybean meal for yellow mealworm meal in the diet of slow-growing chickens provides comparable carcass traits and meat quality.
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Nieto, J., Plaza, J., Hernández-Jiménez, M., Revilla, I., and Palacios, C.
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *TENEBRIO molitor , *MEAT quality , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
1. This study investigated the effects of incorporating yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larval meal as a partial and/or complete substitute for soybean meal on carcass and meat quality in slow-growing chickens. 2. A total of 256 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 1 of 32 experimental units distributed among four treatments (n = 8): the control treatment (C), where soybean (SB) meal was the protein source, and three experimental treatments, in which SB meal was replaced by Tenebrio molitor (TM) larval meal at levels of 50% (T1), 75% (T2) and 100% (T3), respectively. Three different feed phases (1–29; 29–57 and 57–92 d of age) were used for each treatment. All chickens were slaughtered at 92 d of age, with eight animals per treatment randomly selected to assess carcass and meat quality. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) was used to classify meat quality. 3. Carcass traits were not significantly different between treatments, except for head and thigh weight, which were higher in the control group (p < 0.01). In terms of physicochemical characteristics, treatment T2 showed less yellowness (p < 0.05), while water and cooking losses were lower in treatments T1 and T2 (p < 0.01). Meat from both T1 and T2 groups had lower shear forces (p < 0.01), higher moisture content (p < 0.01) and less protein (p < 0.05) compared to treatments C andT3. Birds fed T3 had the highest meat ash content (p < 0.01). Chickens consuming TM had higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-6 acidsPUFA (p < 0.01). 4. Substitution of SB with TM is a protein alternative for slow-growing chickens that supports carcass and meat quality comparable to those fed a conventional diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Association between circulating unsaturated fatty acid and preeclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
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Wang, Yixiao, Liu, Sicong, Wu, Chengqian, Yu, Hong, and Ji, Xiaohong
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *GENOME-wide association studies , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *BONFERRONI correction - Abstract
Objective: In recent years, several studies have reported an association between unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and the risk of developing preeclampsia; however, its exact causal effect is unclear. This study assessed the causal association between circulating UFAs and preeclampsia. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for circulating UFA s (N = 114,999) and preeclampsia (N = 118,291) was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with exposure was selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) test was used as the primary method for estimating causality in MR analysis, while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger regression methods were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity among SNPs, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effect of individual SNPs on the results of the MR analysis. Bonferroni correction was used as a correction for multiple corrections. Results: Two-sample MR analysis suggested that the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) to total fatty acids (OR 1.150, 95% CI 1.006–1.315, p = 0.041), the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to total fatty acids (OR 0.805, 95% CI 0.658–0.986, p = 0.036) and the ratio of PUFAs to MUFAs (OR 0.807, 95% CI 0.694–0.938, p = 0.005) were causally associated with preeclampsia. After Bonferroni correction, the causal association between the ratio of polyunsaturated to MUFAs and preeclampsia remained statistically different. Conclusions: This MR analysis provides evidence for a genetic causal association between circulating UFAs and preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Erucic acid increases the potency of cisplatin‐induced colorectal cancer cell death and oxidative stress by upregulating the TRPM2 channel.
- Author
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Nazıroğlu, Ayşenur, Çarhan, Ahmet, and Nazıroğlu, Mustafa
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *CELL death , *AMINOBENZOIC acids , *CANCER cells , *REACTIVE oxygen species - Abstract
Erucic acid (ErA) is a source of omega‐9 monounsaturated fatty acids. ErA exhibited antitumor effects by causing apoptosis and oxidative stress in tumor cells, with the exception of the HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cell line. The apoptotic and Ca2+ signaling pathways in tumor cells are triggered when mitochondrial Ca2+ and Zn2+ accumulation produce reactive free oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate TRPM2. ErA‐induced ROS and TRPM2 stimulation may augment the anticancer action of cisplatin (CSP). We aimed to study the effects of ErA and CSP incubations on ROS, apoptosis, and cell death in the HT‐29 cells by activating TRPM2. The cells were divided into five groups: control, ErA (200 µM for 48 h), CSP (25 µM for 24 h), and ErA + CSP + TRPM2 antagonists (200 µM carvacrol and 25 µM N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid for 24 h). The TRPM2 antagonists reduced ErA plus CSP‐induced increases in H2O2‐induced intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and adenosine diphosphate‐ribose‐caused TRPM2 currents. ErA and CSP were found to cause apoptosis and cell death by raising the intracellular free Zn2+ concentration (Zn2+]c), caspase‐3, −8, and −9, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and ROS, while lowering reduced glutathione, cell viability, and cell number. The oxidative, apoptotic, and tumor cell death effects of CSP in the cells were enhanced by the increase of ErA‐mediated [Ca2+]c and Zn2+]c entering mitochondria through the activation of TRPM2. In conclusion, we observed that the combination of ErA and CSP was synergistic via TRPM2 activation for the treatment of HT‐29 tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Novel high-oleic oil consumption for cardiometabolic health: a narrative review.
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Desjardins, Louis-Charles and Rudkowska, Iwona
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *FATTY acid oxidation , *SATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Several cardiometabolic disorders are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and prevention is imperative in reducing the burden of these diseases on the healthcare system. Although novel high-oleic acid oils (HOOs) are now commonly used for high-temperature frying in both foodservice and the manufacture of processed foods, there are still limited data regarding their effects on CVD risk. This narrative review aims to clarify these effects by comparing HOOs with saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oils, first regarding their physicochemical properties and then concerning their effects on CVD risk factors using recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Overall, although HOOs are more stable than PUFA-rich oils, they do not have the same high-temperature stability as SFA-rich oils. RCTs demonstrate that HOO consumption improves the plasma lipid profile compared with SFA-rich oils while showing similar effects to those of PUFA-rich oils on CVD risk factors. Finally, the current literature lacks information on the actual consumption of HOOs, their long-term effects on cardiometabolic health, and the impact of prolonged heating of these oils on CVD risk factors. In sum, the short-term intake of HOOs may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health; however, more research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment option in periodontitis: Systematic review of preclinical studies.
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Neprelyuk, Olga A, Irza, Oksana L, and Kriventsov, Maxim A
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THERAPEUTIC use of omega-3 fatty acids ,IN vitro studies ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,BONE resorption ,RESEARCH funding ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FUNCTIONAL foods ,RATS ,MICE ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,ANIMAL experimentation ,ONLINE information services ,INFLAMMATION ,PERIODONTITIS ,DIETARY supplements - Abstract
Background: Periodontitis presents as a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gingival tissues and structures surrounding the tooth. However, the existing approaches for periodontitis do not allow complete control of the disease. In this regard, an active search is being carried out both in preclinical and clinical studies for new approaches based, among other things, on nutraceuticals. Aim: This systematic review aimed to summarize and systematize data from preclinical studies on the effects of the use of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids in experimentally induced periodontitis. Methods: A systematic search for research articles was performed using electronic scientific databases. Only original in vivo experimental studies investigating the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in experimentally induced periodontitis were included. Quality and risk of bias assessment (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) and quality of evidence assessment (using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach) were performed. Results: Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review. It has been shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may decrease the progression of periodontitis with amelioration of alveolar bone loss along with decreased pro-inflammatory response and inhibition of osteoclasts. Despite the promising results, most of the analyzed studies were characterized by low to moderate quality and a significant risk of bias. Conclusion: Based on the retrieved data, the possibility of extrapolating the obtained results to humans is limited, indicating the need for additional studies to elucidate the key patterns and mechanisms of action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their endogenous metabolites in experimentally induced periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Analysis of the nutritional composition of Bahraini breed camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk: fatty acid, mineral, phenolic, and antioxidant content.
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Freije, Afnan, Abdulghafoor, Rukaya, Abdulhussain, Hawra, Khonji, Aysha, Albasara, Jamila, Hussain, Hajar, Dhaif, Amal, Aljar, Mona A., and Perna, Simone
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FATTY acid analysis ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,SATURATED fatty acids ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,CAMEL milk - Abstract
Camels live under extremely arid conditions, yet they can produce more milk than any other animal in the desert ecosystem. They also have a longer lactation duration as well as low nutrition requirements. This study aims to determine the fatty acids profile, minerals, antioxidant activity and total phenols/flavonoids content, in camel milk of the species Camelus dromedarius in Bahrain. Gas chromatography was employed to analyze the fatty acid methyl esters obtained after the extraction of fatty acids. Mineral concentrations were measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. Antioxidant measurements included total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid contents by AlCl
3 colorimetric method, and total antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The fatty acids analysis (median(interquartile range) %) showed that the most predominant fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids (50.40(6.76) %), which were slightly higher than saturated fatty acids (49.60(12.17) %). The most abundant saturated fatty acids were C16:0 (26.73(6.73) %), C18:0 (12.32(4.28) %), and C14:0 (10.55(2.86)%). Monounsaturated fatty acid 18:1n9 was 31.5(5.66) %, and 16:1n7 was 12.75(2.19)%, while the major omega-3 was C18:3n3 (3.91(0.71) %). The main omega-6 were C18:2n6 and C18:3n6, accounting for 1.30(0.35) % and 0.94(0.21) %, respectively. The mineral content of camel milk varied, with the presence of macro minerals such as calcium (699.60 mg/L), sodium (855.18 mg/L), magnesium (9.33 mg/L) and potassium (87.09 mg/L). The results showed that camel milk has considerable values of total antioxidant activity (4.75(1.71) mmol/g), total phenolic contents (20.24(11.18) mg GAE/L) and total flavonoid contents (31.74(20.72) mg CE/L). In conclusion, although the (poly)phenol content in camel milk is relatively lower compared to certain plant-based sources, it can represent a good source of antioxidants, in addition to a significant content in unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, further enhancing its nutritional value for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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34. Absence of Causal Relationship Between Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and ADHD: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Study.
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Wang, Zuxing, Zhu, Hongru, Chen, Lili, Gan, Chenyu, Min, Wenjiao, Xiao, Jun, Zou, Zhili, and He, Ying
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,GENOME-wide association studies ,FALSE discovery rate ,LINOLEIC acid - Abstract
Objective: Previous research suggests a potential link between unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and ADHD, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the causal association between ADHD and UFAs using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Summary data from genome-wide association studies were used to estimate the concentration of circulating UFAs, including Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs), Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), Omega-3 PUFAs, Omega-6 PUFAs, Linoleic Acid (LA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, including both childhood and adult ADHD, were respectively used to examine the relationship between genetically predicted UFAs levels and ADHD. Various MR methods, including Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results: The IVW revealed only nominal evidence suggesting a potential causal relationship between genetically predicted PUFAs (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.85, 0.99], p =.031), Omega-6 PUFAs (OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98], p =.020), and LA levels (OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.82, 0.98], p =.021) with childhood ADHD risk. However, after false discovery rate correction, the p -values for PUFAs, Omega-6 PUFAs, and LA levels all exceeded the threshold for significance. For adult ADHD, we did not find any significant associations between the six circulating UFA levels and adult ADHD. Conclusion: Our findings do not support a causal relationship between UFAs levels and ADHD. This suggests that UFAs supplements may not be effective in improving ADHD symptoms and importantly, it appears that UFAs levels may not have a long-term effect on ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Evaluation of the Thermal Behavior of Commercial Cold-Pressed Oils Obtained from Apricot and Peach By-Products.
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Wirkowska-Wojdyła, Magdalena, Ostrowska-Ligęza, Ewa, Górska, Agata, Brzezińska, Rita, and Piasecka, Iga
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,OLEIC acid ,LINOLEIC acid ,BEHAVIORAL assessment ,PALMITIC acid - Abstract
Fruit kernels are bio-waste in the food industry and can be managed as oil raw materials. The aim of the study was to investigate the stability, oxidation resistance, profile of fatty acids, and their distribution at the triacylglycerol positions of commercially available cold-pressed oils from apricot (A1 and A2) and peach kernels (P1 and P2). Additionally, the melting profiles of the oils were recorded. It was found that the tested oils were a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic and linoleic acid. The apricot kernel oils differed significantly regarding the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid, while the peach kernel oils did not differ in the content of fatty acids. Saturated palmitic and stearic acids mainly occupied the external sn-1,3 positions, while linoleic acid was esterified in the internal position in all the analyzed oils. The occurrence of endothermic peaks at low temperatures was recorded on the melting curves, indicating the presence of triacylglycerol fractions with high proportions of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids. The apricot kernels of the A1 oil were characterized by the highest oxidative stability measured by the maximum oxidation time at the tested temperatures. The activation energy of the oxidation reaction was at a similar level in all the studied oils. Due to the oils' characteristics, it is worth considering the use of apricot and peach kernel oils in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Characteristics of Meat from Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) and the Effects of Age and Sex on Meat Quality.
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Peng, Zhangrong, Zhao, Hui, Luo, Jing, Sun, Haoran, Jiang, Qingkui, and Zhang, Tietao
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SIKA deer ,SATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,VENISON - Abstract
This study assessed the meat quality of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) from various age and sex groups using the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Samples from different age groups (2, 3, and 4 years old) were analyzed for various parameters. The results show that, with increasing age, there is a decrease in moisture and drip loss (p < 0.05), alongside increases in ash, protein, fat, and cooking loss (p < 0.05). Female deer showed an increase in tenderness (p < 0.05), whereas males generally had a higher amino acid content (p < 0.05). Interestingly, 2-year-old female Sika deer had more saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), while 3- and 4-year-old females had more unsaturated fatty acids compared to age-matched males (p < 0.05). Notably, 3-year-olds had higher levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in both the male and female groups (p < 0.05). Overall, this study provides the first comprehensive evidence that Sika deer meat is a nutritious source of lean protein. Notably, meat from 3-year-old Sika deer, regardless of sex, contains higher nutrient levels and is more tender compared to meat from deer of other ages. Additionally, meat from females tends to be more tender than that from males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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37. The Effects of Daily Consumption of Functionalized Yogurts with Sacha Inchi Oil and Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oil on the Lipid Profile and ApoB/ApoA1 Ratio of Healthy Adult Subjects.
- Author
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Villamil, Ruby-Alejandra, Romero, Laura-Natalia, Ruiz, Juan-Pablo, Patiño, Diana-Cristina, Gutiérrez, Luis-Felipe, and Cortés, Lilia-Yadira
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,BLOOD lipids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,MILK substitutes ,MILKFAT ,YOGURT - Abstract
Sacha Inchi oil (SIO) and hybrid palm oil (HPO) are potential sources of unsaturated fatty acids to improve the lipid profile of dairy products. This study evaluated, for the first time, the effects of the daily consumption of yogurts with enhanced fatty acid profiles on plasma lipids related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A pilot, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial was conducted with 47 participants assigned to three groups: SIO-enriched yogurt (Group A), HPO-enriched yogurt (Group B), and plain yogurt (Group C). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months to measure plasma lipids (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TAG), ApoA1, and ApoB. While no significant changes were observed in the overall lipid profiles, notable within-group effects were identified. The total cholesterol (TC) dropped by 2.8%, 1.3%, and 3.3%, and LDL-C by 1.6%, 2.5%, and 2% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Additionally, the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and vitamin E significantly increased in Groups A and B. These results suggest that SIO and HPO can be used as milk fat substitutes to enhance the nutritional profile of yogurts without affecting CVD biomarkers in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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38. The Influence of Different Butter Type, Their Fatty Acid Composition and Melting Enthalpy on the Viability Rate of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Directly After the Spray-Drying Process and During Storage of Powders.
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Fedorowicz, Alicja and Bartkowiak, Artur
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,WHEY protein concentrates ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,MANUFACTURING processes ,PALMITIC acid ,MALTODEXTRIN ,LECITHIN - Abstract
The present work reports on the microencapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) by the spray-drying process using a solution of starch, whey protein concentrate (WPC), soy lecithin and ascorbic acid as a carrier, with addition of different types of butters. The aim of this study was to examine the protective mechanism of six different butter samples on the viability rate of LGG bacteria directly after the spray-drying process and during storage for 4 weeks at 4 °C and 20 °C (±1 °C) based on hypothetical factors—the fatty acid's chemical character and content, and its melting enthalpy. The viability of bacteria, moisture content, water activity, color properties, morphology, particle size of powder, melting enthalpy of butters and their fatty acids composition were evaluated. It is assumed that the highest viability may be indirectly influenced by the relationship between the highest content of proteins and sugars and the lowest content of fats and fatty acids, which is characteristic for butter with a reduced fat content. This butter contained also the least monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The highest number of viable LGG (for systems with reduced-fat butter, as well as salted and lactose-free butter) may be caused by (among other factors) by the lower content of palmitic acid (C16: 0). For these butters, it was also observed that cell viability increased with the increase in melting enthalpy. The results confirmed the protective role of selected butters, which indicates the possibility of using them in industrial processes to increase the durability of additives and products using probiotic powders obtained by spray-drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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39. Rice-Fish Farming Improved Antioxidant Defences, Glucose Metabolism, and Muscle Nutrient of Carassius auratus in Sichuan Province.
- Author
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Yan, Tao, Xie, Yun-Yi, Zhou, Bo, Kuang, Xu, Li, Qing-Zhi, Zhao, Feng-Qi, Li, Qian-Dong, and He, Bin
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ,GOLDFISH ,PADDY fields ,GLUCOSE metabolism ,DIGESTIVE enzymes - Abstract
Rice-fish farming is an ancient and enduring aquaculture model in China. This study aimed to assess the variations in digestive enzymes, antioxidant properties, glucose metabolism, and nutritional content between Carassius auratus reared in paddy fields and ponds. Notably, the levels of amylase and trypsin in C. auratus from rice paddies were considerably higher compared to those from ponds. Additionally, the hepatic catalase (CAT) activity in fish from paddy (2.45 ± 0.16 U/mg) exceeded that of their pond counterparts (2.27 ± 0.25 U/mg). Regarding glucose metabolism, the activities of key enzymes such as Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) (paddy: 82.45 ± 6.11 U/g; pond: 78.53 ± 7.18 U/g), hexokinase (HK) (paddy: 9.55 ± 0.58 U/g; pond: 8.83 ± 0.72 U/g), glucokinase (GK) (paddy: 4.09 ± 0.21 IU/g; pond: 3.44 ± 0.33 IU/g), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) (paddy: 85.71 ± 4.49 IU/g; pond: 79.12 ± 9.34 IU/g), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) (paddy: 47.23 ± 3.22 U/g; pond: 42.31 ± 4.93 U/g) were significantly elevated in rice paddy-cultured fish compared to those in ponds. Conversely, phosphor-pyruvate kinase (PK) (paddy: 418.15 ± 31.89 U/g; pond: 570.16 ± 56.06 U/g) activity was markedly reduced in the paddy group. Hepatic glycogen content (paddy: 15.70 ± 0.98 ng/g; pond: 14.91 ± 1.24 ng/g) was also substantially higher in fish from paddy, although no significant differences in muscle glycogen content (paddy: 7.14 ± 0.59 ng/g; pond: 6.70 ± 0.52 ng/g) were observed between the two environments. In terms of nutritional composition, fish raised in paddy exhibited higher crude protein (paddy: 18.46 ± 0.47 g/100 g muscle; pond: 15.57 ± 0.25 g/100 g muscle) and crude ash (paddy: 1.19 ± 0.02 g/100 g muscle; pond: 0.97 ± 0.02 g/100 g muscle) than those in ponds, whereas the crude fat (paddy: 0.87 ± 0.04 g/100 g muscle; pond: 1.66 ± 0.04 g/100 g muscle) was notably lower in paddy fish. Furthermore, fish from rice paddies had a greater total content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (paddy: 4.25 ± 0.24 g/100 g muscle; pond: 6.73 ± 0.27 g/100 g muscle), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (paddy: 9.04 ± 0.3 g/100 g muscle; pond: 7.19 ± 0.21 g/100 g muscle), and delicious amino acids (DAA) (paddy: 7.11 ± 0.2 g/100 g muscle; pond: 5.45 ± 0.19 g/100 g muscle) compared to those from pond cultures. These findings suggest that rice-fish co-culture systems can yield healthier and more environmentally sustainable aquatic products by improving feed digestion and optimizing nutrient metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Gene in Buffalo: Implications for Milk Fat Synthesis.
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Dao, Wenbin, Fan, Xinyang, Liang, Jianping, Chen, Tao, Chang, Zaoshang, Zhang, Yongyun, and Miao, Yongwang
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- *
FATTY acid desaturase , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *GENE expression , *REGULATOR genes , *MILKFAT - Abstract
Simple Summary: SCD plays a crucial role in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in dairy cows; however, its role in the mammary gland of buffalo is not well understood. In this study, the buffalo SCD gene CDS was isolated and characterized, and its molecular characterization, tissue expression, functions, and polymorphisms were analyzed. The results showed that the molecular characterization of buffalo SCD was similar to that of other Bovidae species, and its expression level in the mammary gland during lactation was significantly higher than during dry-off period period. Functional experiments revealed that SCD plays an important role in the endoplasmic reticulum of BuMECs for fatty acid synthesis in milk. Additionally, we found that c.-605A>C in the SCD gene was associated with milk yield in buffalo. These findings provide new perspectives for comprehending the mechanism of milk fat synthesis in buffalo and provide the basis for the selection of buffalo lactation traits. The SCD is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in dairy cows; however, its role in the mammary gland of buffalo is not well understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the buffalo SCD gene from mammary gland tissue and investigated its effects on milk fat synthesis using bioinformatics analyses, tissue differential expression detection, and cellular functional experiments. The cloned SCD gene has a CDS length of 1080 bp, encoding a protein of 359 amino acids. This protein is hydrophilic, lacks a signal peptide, and contains four transmembrane domains, including 10 conserved motifs and a Delta9-FADS domain, characteristic of the fatty acid desaturase family involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis within the endoplasmic reticulum. Molecular characterization revealed that the physicochemical properties, conserved domains, structures, and functions of buffalo SCD are highly similar to those in other Bovidae species. Among the tissues analyzed, SCD expression was highest in the mammary gland during lactation and in the cerebellum during dry-off period. Notably, SCD expression in the mammary gland was significantly higher during lactation compared to the dry-off period. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that SCD functions in the endoplasmic reticulum of buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). Functional overexpression and interference experiments in BuMECs demonstrated that SCD promotes milk fat synthesis by affecting the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes such as ACACA, FASN, and DGAT1, as well as milk fat regulatory genes like SREBFs and PPARG, thereby influencing intracellular triglyceride (TAG) content. Additionally, 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the buffalo SCD gene, with a specific SNP at c.-605, showing potential as molecular markers for improving milk production traits. These findings highlight that the SCD gene is a key gene in buffalo milk fat synthesis, involved in the de novo synthesis of milk fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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41. Quality assessment of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) powders processed by pulsed electric field and convective drying.
- Author
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Bogusz, Radosław, Nowacka, Małgorzata, Bryś, Joanna, Rybak, Katarzyna, and Szulc, Karolina
- Subjects
- *
MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *SATURATED fatty acids , *ELECTRIC field effects , *TENEBRIO molitor , *EDIBLE insects - Abstract
Edible insects offer opportunities for food production, as they are an interesting source of many nutrients. In this study, the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) and convective drying on the chemical composition with emphasizing the fat properties as well as physical, techno-functional, and thermal properties of yellow mealworm powders was investigated. The chemical composition of the yellow mealworm powders differed by PEF. When PEF was applied at 20 and 40 kJ/kg, the moisture, ash, and protein content were significantly lower, while the fat extraction yield significantly increased compared to the control sample. Furthermore, the fat extracted from these samples was characterized by a higher proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as well as a higher thrombogenicity index, which is not beneficial from a nutritional point of view. After treatment with PEF at 5 kJ/kg, the powder was the lightest, redness and yellowness. Moreover, the highest hygroscopicity, water activity, and water and oil binding capacity for this powder were determined. The results revealed that yellow mealworm powders are a good source of macronutrients and exhibit beneficial techno-functional properties, nevertheless, the drawback is their high cohesiveness (1.27–1.44), which can be difficult to apply under industrial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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42. 液态乳制品中脂肪酸的含量分析.
- Author
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孔凡华, 白沙沙, 王子涵, 郭莹莹, 李瑞平, 朱永, 田荣荣, and 崔亚娟
- Subjects
TRANS fatty acids ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,SATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,STANDARD of living ,YOGURT - Abstract
Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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43. Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study.
- Author
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Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira, Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella, Yépez García, Martha Cecilia, Hernández, Pablo, Ramírez, Guillermo, Vásquez, Maura, Sifontes, Yaritza, Liria-Domínguez, María Reyna, Rigotti, Attilio, Fisberg, Mauro, Previdelli, Agatha Nogueira, Kovalskys, Irina, Landaeta-Jiménez, Maritza, and Gómez, Georgina
- Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fats, although essential for the proper functioning of the body, have been linked to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of total fat and its components (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats) in men and women aged 15 to 65 years of the urban population in eight Latin American countries. Methods: Survey data were collected from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS, by its acronym in Spanish), an epidemiological study, including 9218 subjects from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Results: In general, 76.2% of the subjects consumed fat within normal ranges (20–35% of the total caloric value (TCV)). When analyzing its components, a majority of the subjects consumed saturated and polyunsaturated fats within the recommended ranges. However, 94.5% of the population does not comply with the recommended maximum intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (10–20%), and only 57.5% comply with the intake recommendation for trans fatty acids (TRANS) (0–2%). Likewise, on average, women had a significantly higher intake of all types of fat compared to men. Finally, the average fat intake by age indicates that regardless of the age range, the consumption of all fats except MUFA and TRANS are within the recommended ranges, with MUFA being slightly below and TRANS above. Conclusions: Even though the fat intake of the population falls within the recommended range, it is necessary to improve the quality by favoring the consumption of MUFA-rich foods regionally accepted, such as avocados, and reducing the consumption of TRANS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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44. Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Oil Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress by Activating the AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway.
- Author
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Zhang, Ming, Zhang, Yuhan, Li, Lingdong, Wei, Changbin, Dai, Taotao, Li, Ya, Shuai, Xixiang, and Du, Liqing
- Subjects
HDL cholesterol ,LDL cholesterol ,BLOOD lipids ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,LIPID metabolism ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase - Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, characterized by an abnormal lipid metabolism, is related to multiple cardiovascular diseases that pose challenges to global public health. Macadamia oil (MO), rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (around 80%), is regarded as a functional oil used to regulate lipid accumulation. Nonetheless, the lipid-lowering mechanism of MO is still unknown. Therefore, the lipid-lowering effects of MO in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mice were evaluated in this study. The results revealed that MO could effectively reduce body weight and the organ index and improve serum lipid levels by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Additionally, MO supplementation could improve abnormal liver function caused by hyperlipemia, characterized by decreased liver enzyme levels, including alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Meanwhile, MO also exhibited an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and lipid accumulation caused by an HFD. Moreover, findings from qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses suggest that MO supplementation markedly prevented hyperlipidemia by inhibiting the expression of AMPK pathway-related genes, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, and PPAR-γ, as well as upregulating the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and γ-GCS. These results indicate that MO attenuates lipid accumulation in vivo via AMPK/Nrf2 pathway activation, suggesting that MO could serve as a dietary supplementation or medication for treating hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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45. Nutritional Processing Quality of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Venison in Different Muscles.
- Author
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Jin, Chunai, Cui, Songhuan, Lu, Yushun, Li, Zhiman, Huo, Xiaohui, Wang, Yanbo, Sha, Jiyue, and Sun, Yinshi
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SIKA deer ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,ESSENTIAL amino acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,OLEIC acid ,ESSENTIAL fatty acids ,ERECTOR spinae muscles - Abstract
In order to investigate the nutritional processing quality of sika deer (Cervus nippon) venison at different sites, the pH
24 h , tenderness, pressurized water loss rate, meat color, intramuscular fat, moisture, protein, amino acid, fatty acid and squalene contents of sika deer venison were determined in twelve sites: foreleg, hind leg, outer tenderloin, rump, neck meat, chest meat, deer flank, abdominal rib, high rib, tenderloin, anterior tendon and posterior tendon. The results showed that the pH24 h of sika deer venison at different sites was 5.49~5.78; the tenderness of outer tenderloin (31.71 N) was the lowest, and the neck meat (68.53 N) was the highest; the squeezing moisture of tenderloin (28.12%) was the largest, and the foreleg (12.34%) was the smallest; the brightness of outer tenderloin L* (29.68) was the lowest, and the redness a* and yellowness b* of deer flank were the highest; the intramuscular fat and moisture were 0.66~4.97% and 71.00~73.78%, respectively; and the protein content of outer tenderloin (23.44%) and rump (24.02%) was high. The venison meat contained 17 kinds of amino acids, and the total amount was 63.87~79.33 g/100 g. It was rich in essential amino acids, mainly lysine and leucine, accounting for 64.29~65.39% of non-essential amino acids, which was close to the ideal protein composition. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were the main monounsaturated fatty acids in venison, and the contents of abdominal ribs were the highest, 16,875.33 mg/kg and 31,772.73 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of essential fatty acids were also the highest in abdominal ribs (11,225.37 mg/kg); forelegs, hind legs, outer tenderloins, rumps, neck meat, chest meat, high rib, tenderloins, anterior tendons and posterior tendons were all good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Squalene content was highest in the abdominal rib (100.85 mg/kg). The nutritional processing quality of sika deer venison in different muscles is significantly different, and this study can provide a data basis for the evaluation and processing of sika deer venison quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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46. Evaluation of the Sensory Quality and Shelf Life of a Bioactive Essence Rich in Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidants, Obtained from Eco-Sustainable Iberian Ham.
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Bruna-García, Eva, Miguel-Castro, Marta, and Isabel-Redondo, Beatriz
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MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,FOOD production ,CONSUMERS ,PRODUCT attributes - Abstract
Food sustainability through traditional food production and the reuse of food by-products is one of the characteristics most valued by consumers. The production of Iberian ham is linked to the vaporization and sustainability of the dehesa and the conservation and maintenance of the rural environment, but there are some by-products that are not destined for direct consumption. In this context, previous studies have used trimmed fat to obtain a bioactive essence rich in antioxidants and monounsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, it is important to keep in mind that the consumer's decision is influenced by the nutritional/health and sensory characteristics of the product and its shelf life. The objective of the present study was to evaluate consumer acceptance and/or preference of different essences obtained from the trimmed fat of sliced Iberian ham and to determine the microbiological and physicochemical stability of the selected sustainable essence over time. The results showed that this essence is generally accepted by consumers and is microbiologically stable over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Olive oil protects against cardiac hypertrophy in D-galactose induced aging rats.
- Author
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Shahidi, Siamak, Ramezani-Aliakbari, Khadijeh, Sarihi, Abdolrahman, Heshmati, Ali, Shiri, Elham, Nosrati, Shiva, Hashemi, Sayedpayam, Bahrami, Mitra, and Ramezani-Aliakbari, Fatemeh
- Subjects
OLDER people ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,CARDIAC hypertrophy ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,GALACTOSE - Abstract
Background: Aged heart is defined via structural and mitochondrial dysfunction of the heart. However, there is still no potent compound to improve cardiac function abnormalities in aged individuals. Olive oil (OLO), as an oil with monounsaturated fatty acids, has diverse protective effects on the cardiovascular system, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and mitigating effects on blood pressure. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of OLO against aging-related cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, D-galactose-induced aging rats (D-GAL group), and aging rats treated with OLO (D-GAL + OLO group). Aging in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-GAL at 150 mg/kg dose for eight weeks and the D-GAL + OLO group was treated with oral OLO by gavage for eight weeks. The heart tissues were harvested to assay the oxidative stress, molecular parameters, and histological analysis. Results: The D-GAL given rats indicated increased cardiomyocyte diameter as cardiac hypertrophy marker (21 ± 0.8, p < 0.001), an increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) level (27 ± 3, p < 0.001), a reduced Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.001, 18.12 ± 1.3), and reduction in gene expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) (p < 0.05, 0.37 ± 0.06), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α (p < 0.001, 0.027 ± 0.04), and Transcription Factor A, Mitochondrial (TFAM) (p < 0.001, 0.023 ± 0.01), Bcl2 (p < 0.001, 0.04 ± 0.004) and an increase in gene expression of Bax (p < 0.001, 23.5 ± 5.4) in comparison with the control animals. Treatment with OLO improved cardiac hypertrophy (14 ± 0.4, p < 0.001), MDA (22 ± 2.5, p < 0.01), SOD (p < 0.001, 34.9 ± 2), SIRT1 (p < 0.05, 1.37 ± 0.46), PGC-1α (p < 0.001, 1.11 ± 0.1), TFAM (p < 0.01, 0.23 ± 0.02), Bcl2 (p < 0.05, 0.35 ± 0.05) and Bax genes (p < 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.03). Conclusions: Overall, OLO protects the heart against D-GAL-induced aging via increasing antioxidant effects, and enhancing cardiac expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, TFAM, Bcl2 and Bax genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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48. Molecular analysis of inherited disorders of cornification in polish patients show novel variants and functional data and provokes questions on the significance of secondary findings.
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Wertheim-Tysarowska, Katarzyna, Osipowicz, Katarzyna, Woźniak, Katarzyna, Sawicka, Justyna, Mika, Adrianna, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak, Anna, Niepokój, Katarzyna, Sobczyńska-Tomaszewska, Agnieszka, Wawrzycki, Bartłomiej, Pietrzak, Aldona, Śmigiel, Robert, Wojtaś, Bartosz, Gielniewski, Bartłomiej, Szabelska-Beresewicz, Alicja, Zyprych-Walczak, Joanna, Rygiel, Agnieszka Magdalena, Domaszewicz, Alicja, Braun-Walicka, Natalia, Grabarczyk, Alicja, and Rzońca-Niewczas, Sylwia
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NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *RNA analysis , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *GENE expression - Abstract
Background: The Mendelian Disorders of Cornification (MeDOC) comprise a large number of disorders that present with either localised (palmoplantar keratoderma, PPK) or generalised (ichthyoses) signs. The MeDOC are highly heterogenic in terms of genetics and phenotype. Consequently, diagnostic process is challenging and before implementation of the next generation sequencing, was mostly symptomatic, not causal, which limited research on those diseases. The aim of the study was to genetically characterise a cohort of 265 Polish patients with MeDOC and to get insight into the skin lesions using transcriptome and lipid profile analyses. Results: We detected causal variants in 85% (226/265) patients. In addition to the primary gene defect, a pathogenic variant in another gene involved in MeDOC pathology was identified in 23 cases. We found 150 distinct variants in 33 genes, including 32 novel and 16 recurrent (present in > 5 alleles). In 43 alleles large rearrangements were detected, including deletions in the STS, SPINK5, CERS3 and recurrent duplication of exons 10–14 in TGM1. The RNA analysis using samples collected from 18 MeDOC patients and 22 controls identified 1377 differentially expressed genes - DEG. The gene ontology analysis revealed that 114 biological processes were upregulated in the MeDOC group, including i.e. epithelial cell differentiation, lipid metabolic process; homeostasis; regulation of water loss via skin; peptide cross-linking. The DEG between TGM1 and ALOX12B patients, showed that RNA profile is highly similar, though fatty acid profile in epidermal scrapings of those patients showed differences e.g. for the very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; FAs ≥ C20), the very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLC-MUFAs, FAs ≥ C20:1) and the n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6 PUFAs). Conclusion: Our results show that NGS-based analysis is an effective MeDOC diagnostic tool. The Polish MeDOC patients are heterogenic, however recurrent variants are present. The novel variants and high number of TGM1 and SPINK5 copy number variations give further insight into molecular pathology of MeDOC. We show that secondary variants in MeDOC-related genes are present in a significant group of patients, which should be further investigated in the context of phenotype modifiers. Finally, we provide novel RNA and lipid data that characterise molecularly MeDOC epidermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Associations of human blood metabolome with optic neurodegenerative diseases: a bi-directionally systematic mendelian randomization study.
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Tong, Bin, Long, Chubing, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Xin, Li, Zhengyang, Qi, Haodong, Su, Kangtai, Zhang, Deju, Chen, Yixuan, Ling, Jitao, Liu, Jianping, Hu, Yunwei, and Yu, Peng
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- *
MACULAR degeneration , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *GENOME-wide association studies , *APOLIPOPROTEIN B , *BLOOD cholesterol , *BETAINE - Abstract
Background: Metabolic disruptions were observed in patients with optic neurodegenerative diseases (OND). However, evidence for the causal association between metabolites and OND is limited. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Summary data for 128 blood metabolites was selected from three genome-wide association study (GWASs) involving 147,827 participants of European descent. GWASs Data for glaucoma (20906 cases and 391275 controls) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD, 9721 cases and 381339 controls) came from FinnGen consortium. A bi-directional MR was conducted to assess causality, and a Mediation MR was further applied to explore the indirect effect, a phenome-wide MR analysis was then performed to identify possible side-effects of the therapies. Results: All the results underwent correction for multiple testing and rigorous sensitivity analyses. We identified N-acetyl glycine, serine, uridine were linked to an elevated risk of glaucoma. 1-arachidonic-glycerol-phosphate-ethanolamine, 4-acetamido butanoate, o-methylascorbate, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, VLDL cholesterol, serum total cholesterol, X-11,529 were linked to reduced risk of glaucoma. There were 4 metabolites linked to a reduced risk of AMD, including tryptophan betaine, 4-androsten-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate, apolipoprotein B, VLDL cholesterol. We discovered IOP, AS, T2D as glaucoma risk factors, while BMI, AS, GCIPL as AMD factors. And 6 metabolites showed associations with risk factors in the same direction as their associations with glaucoma/AMD. Phenome-wide MR indicated that selected metabolites had protective/adverse effects on other diseases. Conclusions: By integrating genomics and metabolomics, this study supports new insights into the intricate mechanisms, and helps prevent and screen glaucoma and AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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50. Effects of nanoselenium supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and mammary gland development in dairy cows.
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Liu, Yapeng, Zhang, Jing, Bu, Lijun, Huo, Wenjie, Pei, Caixia, and Liu, Qiang
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- *
MILKFAT , *SATURATED fatty acids , *FEED analysis , *MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *DRY matter in animal nutrition , *NIACIN - Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nanoselenium (NANO-Se) addition on milk production, milk fatty acid synthesis, the development and metabolism regulation of mammary gland in dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein dairy cows averaging 720 ± 16.8 kg of body weight, 66.9 ± 3.84 d in milk (dry matter intake [DIM]) and 35.2 ± 1.66 kg/d of milk production were divided into four treatments blocked by DIM and milk yields. Treatments were control group, low-Se (LSe), medium-Se (MSe) and high-Se (HSe) with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg Se, respectively, from NANO-Se per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Production of energy- and fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat quadratically increased (p < 0.05), while milk lactose yields linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) linearly decreased (p < 0.05), while proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) linearly increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) quadratically increased. The digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) quadratically increased (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH quadratically decreased (p < 0.01), while total VFA linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The acetic to propionic ratio decreased (p < 0.05) linearly due to the unaltered acetic molar percentage and a quadratical increase in propionic molar percentage. The activity of CMCase, xylanase, cellobiase and pectinase increased linearly (p < 0.05) following NANO-Se addition. The activity of α-amylase increased linearly (p < 0.01) with an increase in NANO-Se dosage. Blood glucose, total protein, estradiol, prolactin, IGF-1 and Se linearly increased (p < 0.05), while urea nitrogen concentration quadratically decreased (p = 0.04). Moreover, the addition of Se at 0.3 mg/kg from NANO-Se promoted (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, SREBP1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, CCNA2, CCND1, PCNA, Bcl-2 and the ratios of p-ACACA/ACACA and BCL2/BAX4, but decreased (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The results suggest that milk production and milk fat synthesis increased by NANO-Se addition by stimulating rumen fermentation, nutrients digestion, gene and protein expressions concerned with milk fat synthesis and mammary gland development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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