Search

Il nevo sebaceo è un mosaicismo acquisito causato da mutazioni attivanti di oncogeni, in particolare della famiglia RAS. Questo è il motivo per cui sul nevo sebaceo si possono sviluppare tumori, nella maggioranza dei casi benigni. Il tricoblastoma e il siringocistoadenoma papillifero sono i più frequenti tumori benigni che insorgono su nevo sebaceo. Nell’attuale lavoro si discute il caso di un bambino con tricoblastoma pigmentato insorto su nevo sebaceo e si effettua una revisione dei sei casi simili presenti in letteratura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to report the main forms of prenatal diagnosis of Pallister-Killian Syndrome for medical purposes and to better elucidate it as well as to provide adequate genetic counseling. It is an integrative review of a qualitative approach focused on the search for results for evidence-based practice that, after applying the inclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of six articles. After analyzing and discussing them, we conclude that the present topic still needs many studies and clinical practices so that there is a pattern of screening for the Syndrome in prenatal care, however, we know that the characteristic ultrasound and genetic findings already elucidate for a better diagnostic search strategy, as well as subsequent genetic family counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Linear discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by erythematosus plaques that follow Blaschko's lines and is an unusual variant of discoid lupus erythematosus. The present review describes the case of a female patient who consulted for a lesion on the face and an alopecic area on the scalp associated with manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus; an adequate response to pharmacological treatment was presented. The search for scientific articles for the development of this report was conducted in the following databases: ClinicalKey, Ovid, and PubMed. It is currently the first clinical case report described of linear discoid lupus erythematosus associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. A literature review will be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo presenta el caso de un paciente de 32 años con ambigüedad sexual desde el nacimiento. Durante la infancia no fue intervenido quirúrgicamente y no tuvo ningún tipo de seguimiento en el tiempo. El paciente ya adulto se identifica con género masculino, tiene hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófo y un cariotipo 45,X/46,XY que hace diagnóstico de disgenesia gonadal mixta. En este artículo se discute su enfoque, seguimiento y manejo multidisciplinario apropiado para evitar complicaciones. También se resalta la importancia de la autonomía del paciente y la individualización del tratamiento.

RESUMEN Los trastornos del desarrollo sexual son estados congénitos en los cuales el desarrollo del sexo cromosómico, gonadal o anatómico es atípico. Por tratarse de un caso sumamente raro consideramos de interés su presentación. Se presenta adolescente masculino de 15 años, con antecedentes de genitales atípicos al nacer, desarrollo de baja talla y estigmas turnerianos, pubertad espontánea y normal. Los estudios genéticos determinaron como sexo cromosómico un mosaico 45,X/46,XY/47XYY, y sexo molecular varón. Se inscribió socialmente como varón, se le realizó cirugía de reconstrucción genital y utilizó tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento biosintética que mantiene actualmente. La evolución clínica ha sido favorable con adecuada integración social. Ante la presencia de genitales atípicos al nacer se necesita de un manejo multidisciplinario. El diagnóstico etiológico de los trastornos de la diferenciación sexual requiere de una alta pericia médica. Un tratamiento integral en estos pacientes les garantiza una buena calidad de vida.

A result with chromosomal alteration was analyzed from a database consisting of a total of 4755 samples of amniotic fluid extracted by amniocentesis with indication of the attending physician, serum risk and advanced maternal age. This report presents the detection of a mosaicism of trisomy 21 in amniotic fluid, using G- Banding where 20 metaphases were analyzed. The results obtained document a chromosomal composition 47, XY + 21 and 46, XY with a 9:11 ratio with respect to the metaphases analyzed, confirming the diagnosis of Down syndrome secondary to mosaicism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La hipomelanosis de Ito es un raro síndrome multisistémico, considerado el tercer trastorno neurocutáneo más frecuente; su incidencia es de 1 por cada 7.540 nacidos vivos en todo el mundo. Se describe el caso de un adolescente de 12 años con un episodio convulsivo único, asociado a máculas hipocrómicas lineales bilaterales presentes desde el nacimiento, que seguían la distribución de las líneas de Blaschko, localizadas en el tronco y las extremidades. El diagnóstico de hipomelanosis de Ito se hizo con base en los hallazgos clínicos y en los estudios complementarios. Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare multisystem syndrome considered the third most common neurocutaneous disorder, with a worldwide incidence of 1 in 7,540 newborns. We present the case of a male teenager with a history of a single convulsive episode associated with bilateral hypochromic linear macules, following the lines of Blaschko, present at trunk and extremities since birth. The diagnosis of hipomelanosis of Ito was based on clinical findings and complementary studies results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente relato descreve o caso de um paciente com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) associado ao mosaicismo genético 46XY, uma condição rara e pouco relatada. Os autores descrevem a evolução do paciente e discutem a literatura sobre anomalias cromossômicas associadas ao TEA. Conclui-se enfatizando que a avaliação clínica de cada caso de TEA deveria contemplar sempre aspectos neurológicos, psiquiátricos e genéticos.

El síndrome de Turner es una anomalía cromosómica descrita por primera vez por el Dr. Henry Turner en 1938 que se manifiesta principalmente por talla baja, cuello ancho, pterigyumcolli, cubitus valgo e infantilismo sexual. Tiene una prevalencia de 1 en 1800 a 5000 recién nacidos vivos femeninos y se caracteriza por la ausencia total o parcial del segundo cromosoma X. Con las técnicas citogenéticas una gran variedad de presentaciones han sido reconocidas, siendo la más común la monosomía del cromosoma X (constitución cromosómica: 45,X) y los menos frecuentes los mosaicismos, entre los que se incluyen cromosomas marcadores que corresponderían a fragmentos o la totalidad de un cromosoma Y; la presencia de este cromosoma podría conferirle al paciente características fenotípicas masculinas. Se reporta el caso de una niña de 14 años de edad con fenotipo de síndrome de Turner que presentó una constitución cromosómica en mosaico 45,X/46,XY. Madre y padre de 32 años, no consanguíneos, la niña fue traída a la consulta por ausencia de vello axilar y pubiano, y ausencia de desarrollo mamario En el nacimiento la paciente presentó genitales ambiguos, labios abiertos, en bolsa derecha el testículo se presentó atrofiado y el izquierdo en pelvis, ambos fueron extirpados a los 3 y 6 meses de vida respectivamente. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura y se propone el asesoramiento genético adecuado a lo hallado en el cariotipo.

Objective: EEC is an acronym for an autosomal dominant syndrome clinically characterized by ectrodactyly (E), ectodermal dysplasia (E) and cleft lip/palate (C). Our aim was to describe a rare case of siblings affected by ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome presenting normal parents. Case description: The patient was the third son of young and healthy parents. The parents did not present any minor or major anomaly of hands, feet or skin, hair and teeth. The couple had a previous history of two children with hands and feet malformations similar to the present patient. The first was a stillborn, and the second one a preterm infant that died in the first days after birth due to the consequences of prematurity. After birth, the patient presented respiratory distress with need of endotracheal intubation and mechanic ventilation. At physical examination, there were cleft lip/palate, hands and feet ectrodactyly, with absence of the second and third fingers in both hands, and reduction defects affecting mainly the second toes. The child presented pneumothorax and cardiorespiratory arrest and died at 1 month and 26 days. Comments: Herein we described a case of siblings with EEC syndrome, indicative of a germline mosaicism. In the literature review, there was the description of only three similar reports. The present case strengthens the possibility that germline mosaicism may be a more common inheritance mechanism than previously thought in cases of EEC syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common karyotype of the Turner syndrome is 45,X, although it may occur as mosaic 45,X/46,XX. In the Provincial Medical Genetics Center, a 42-year-old pregnant woman underwent an amniocentesis which led to the detection of mosaic Turner Syndrome (45,X/46,XX). A male was diagnosed through ultrasound and a sample of amniotic fluid was sent to the National Medical Genetics Center to confirm it. A study of the SRY gene was completed and the result was positive. The patient decided to terminate the pregnancy. The pathology report showed a fetal corpse of 25, 3 weeks of gestation, with penis and morphologically normal scrotal sacs, presenting alterations by cysts and hypoplasia of the prostate and seminal vesicles as well as testicular absence. In the literature, cases of XX males are considered uncommon while those combining a mosaic 45, X/46, XX with a SRY gene are less addressed; and therein lies the importance of this case. This article presents the results of a prenatal diagnosis of this rare chromosomal aberration.

El cariotipo más frecuente del Síndrome de Turner es 45,X, aunque también puede presentarse como mosaico 45,X/46,XX. En el Centro Provincial de Genética Médica de Cienfuegos se le realizó la amniocentesis a una gestante de 42 años de edad, detectándose un mosaico de Síndrome de Turner (45,X/46,XX). Por ultrasonido se diagnosticó un varón, por lo que se envió una muestra de líquido amniótico al Centro Nacional de Genética Médica para corroborarlo y se indicó realizar estudio del gen SRY, cuyo resultado fue positivo. La gestante decidió interrumpir el embarazo. El reporte de anatomía patológica informó de cadáver de feto de 25,3 semanas de gestación, con pene y bolsas escrotales morfológicamente normales, con alteraciones por quistificación e hipoplasia de la próstata y vesículas seminales y ausencia testicular. En la literatura se reportan casos de varones 46,XX, como poco frecuentes y se refieren menos aún aquellos donde se combina un mosaico 45,X/46,XX con presencia del gen SRY, hecho en que radica el interés del caso. En este artículo se expone el resultado de un diagnóstico prenatal de esta aberración cromosómica de tan baja frecuencia.

O lúpus eritematoso crônico discoide linear é manifestação rara da doença lúpica cutânea, em que lesões eritêmato-atrófico-discrômicas dispõem-se nas linhas de Blaschko. Descrevemos o caso de um menino de 15 anos, com dois anos de história de lesões discoides eritêmato-atróficas, hipo e hiperpigmentadas, dispostas nas linhas de Blaschko do membro superior direito. O exame histopatológico revelou atrofia da epiderme, hiperqueratose, rolhas córneas, espessamento da zona da membrana basal, infiltrado inflamatório crônico perianexial e perivascular superficial e profundo, depósito de mucina na derme, confirmando o diagnóstico. Há, no total, 14 casos descritos dessa variante que se inicia frequentemente na infância e que não apresenta predomínio quanto ao sexo. As lesões ocorrem preferencialmente na face. Não há relatos de associação com doença sistêmicaLinear chronic discoid lupus erythematosus is a rare manifestation of cutaneous lupus in which erythematous, atrophic, dyschromic lesions are located along the lines of Blaschko. This report describes the case of a 15-year old boy with a 2-year history of discoid, erythematous, hyper and hypopigmented lesions with central atrophy, situated along the lines of Blaschko on his right arm. Histopathology showed epidermal atrophy, hyperkeratosis, follicular plugging, thickening of the basement membrane zone, and superficial and deep chronic perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrate, with dermal mucin deposit, thus confirming diagnosis. A total of 14 cases have been described of this variant, the onset of which is often in childhood. There is no difference in incidence between genders. Lesions most commonly develop on the face. There have been no reports of any association with systemic disease

El síndrome de Turner tiene una prevalencia de 1 en 1800 a 5000 recién nacidos vivos femeninos y se caracteriza por la ausencia total o parcial del segundo cromosoma X. Actualmente se reconoce gran variedad en la presentación citogenética, siendo la más común la monosomia del X (45,X) y entre las menos frecuentes los mosaicismos que incluyen fragmentos o la totalidad del cromosoma Y. La presencia de este cromosoma confiere características fenotípicas de androgenización y obliga a la realización de estudios de extensión en las pacientes. Se reporta un caso de síndrome de Turner con mosaicismo 45,X/46,XY, se revisa la literatura y se propone un protocolo de estudio complementario y manejo de las pacientes con este síndrome.Turner syndrome has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1800 to 5000 female births and is characterized by total or partial absence of the second chromosome X. It's now recognized that there is variation in the cyto-genetic presentaron of the syndrome, being the most common monosomy X (45, X) and among the least frequent it's found mosaicism including fragments or the entire Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome confers phenotypic characteristics of androgenization and requires extensión studies in patients. We report a case of Turner syndrome with mosaic 45,X/46,XY karyotype found by G-banding and aditionally, we propose a protocol for further studies and management of patients with this syndrome.

The bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is a South American canid, included in the IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) official list of animals threatened with extinction, in the vulnerable category. As a preservation andconservation strategy, specimens kept in captivity by Brazilian Institutions are monitored by a management plan. In order to characterize and analyze the genetic variability of bush dogspecimens, a cytogenetic analysis was carried out, and microsatellite data were also obtained through the use of 15 primers, originally developed for the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). All tested primers showed transferability and amplified fragment sizes similar to those described for the canine genome. From the total number of primers, eight were tested, and presented two polymorphic regions. Regarding cytogenetic analysis, one of the animals had chromosomal mosaicism, disqualifying it as a reproducer to form stocks. Thus, we concluded that the genetic evaluation of wild animals kept in captivity provides data that can help with the practice of exchange between different institutions, avoiding problems in the reproductive capacity of the breeding stock.O cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus) é um canídeo sul americano que está na lista oficial do Ibama de animais ameaçados de extinção, na categoria vulnerável. Como estratégia de preservação e conservação, os espécimes mantidos em cativeiro por instituições brasileiras são acompanhados por um plano de manejo. Visando a caracterização genética e posterior análise de variabilidade genética de exemplares de cachorro-vinagre, foi feita a análise citogenética e testouse a transferabilidade de 15 primers de regiões microssatélites desenvolvidos para o cachorro doméstico (Canis familiaris) para esta espécie de canídeo. Todos os primers testados mostraram transferabilidade, com fragmentos amplificados de tamanhos semelhantes aos descritos para o genoma canino. Do total de primers, oito foram testados em 25 animais cativos e, dentre estes, duas regiões apresentaram polimórficas. Em relação à análise citogenética, um dos animais analisados apresentou mosaicismo cromossômico, desqualificando-o para utilização como reprodutor na formação de plantéis. Os demais exemplares apresentaram padrão cariotípicoesperado para a espécie. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a avaliação genética de animais silvestres criados em cativeiro fornece dados que podem auxiliar com a prática de intercâmbio entre animais de diferentes instituições, evitando o comprometimento na capacidade reprodutiva do plantel.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise citotaxonômica de espécies de Acosmium Schott e Leptolobium Vogel, através da determinação de seus números cromossômicos. Foram estudadas as três espécies aceitas de Acosmium e cinco espécies de Leptolobium (representando 50% do gênero), a partir de sementes oriundas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. As contagens mitóticas apresentadas para todas as espécies de Acosmium e para quatro espécies de Leptolobium são inéditas. Acosmium cardenasii apresentou uniformemente 2n = 18, enquanto que em A. diffusissimum foram encontradas no mesmo meristema 2n = 18, 24 e 32 e em A. lentiscifolium 2n = 18 e 32. Para Leptolobium, o número cromossômico das espécies estudadas foi de 2n = 18, confirmando uma contagem mitótica anterior para L. dasycarpum. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram homogeneidade no número cromossômico de Acosmium e Leptolobium, confirmando x = 9 como o número cromossômico básico em ambos os gêneros. Portanto, o número cromossômico não é um caráter taxonômico utilizável na distinção entre Acosmium e Leptolobium.A cytotaxonomic analysis of species of Acosmium Schott e Leptolobium Vogel was carried out, by determining their chromosome numbers. The three species of Acosmium and five species of Leptolobium (representing 50% of the genus) were studied from seeds obtained from different regions of Brazil. Chromosome counts were new for all Acosmium species and for four Leptolobium species. For Acosmium cardenasii, 2n = 18 was constantly observed, while occurring at the same meristem were found 2n = 18, 24 e 32 in A. diffusissimum and 2n = 18 e 32 in A. lentiscifolium. For Leptolobium, all studied species had 2n = 18, confirming a previous count for L. dasycarpum. The results showed that chromosome numbers of Acosmium and Leptolobium species are homogeneous, confirming the basic number x = 9 for both genera. Therefore, chromosome numbers do not provide a useful taxonomic character distinguishing Acosmium from Leptolobium.

OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência e as características clínicas de casais com história de abortos de repetição e anormalidade cromossômica atendidos em nosso serviço. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados retrospectivamente todos os casais encaminhados de janeiro de 1975 a junho de 2008 por história de abortos de repetição. Foram incluídos no estudo somente aqueles casais, em que a análise cromossômica feita com o cariótipo por bandas GTG foi realizada com sucesso. Foram coletados dados clínicos referentes às suas idades, bem como o número de abortamentos, natimortos, crianças polimalformadas, nativivos por casal e resultado do exame de cariótipo. Para comparação da frequência das alterações cromossômicas encontradas em nosso estudo com as da literatura, bem como entre os diferentes subgrupos de nossa amostra, foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher (pPURPOSE: to asses the prevalence and clinical characteristics of couples with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion and chromosome abnormality, attended at the present service. METHODS: all the couples referred to our service due to history of recurrent spontaneous abortion, from January 1975 to June 2008, were evaluated. Only the ones whose chromosome karyotype analysis by GTG bands has been successfully made were included in the study. Clinical data on their age, as well as on the number of abortions, stillbirth, multiple malformations, livebirth per couple, and the result of the karyotype exam were collected. Fisher's exact test (p

El NEVIL es la variedad inflamatoria del nevo epidérmico; es un tumor benigno hamartomatoso, que se distribuye siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko. Estas líneas representarían mosaicismos cutáneos del desarrollo embriológico. El NEVIL suele aparecer en la infancia. Son generalmente unilaterales y en ocasiones muy pruriginosos. El diagnóstico diferencial es frecuentemente dificultoso. Presentamos una paciente en la cual la manifestación de esta patología se produce en forma tardía, siendo esto poco frecuente. El tratamiento es un desafío, se han probado múltiples modalidades terapéuticas, con resultados en ocasiones desalentadores. La cirugía, puede utilizarse en lesiones de pequeño tamaño. Los tratamientos con luz láser podrían ser de utilidad.The ILVEN is the inflammatory variety of epidermal nevi, benign hamartomatous tumor that distributed following Blaschko lines. These lines represent cutaneous mosaicism in embryologic development. The ILVEN usually appear in the infancy. Generally unilateral and occasionally is very pruriginous. The differential diagnosis is often difficult. We present a patient in which the manifestation of her disease is produced in late onset, being this infrequent. Management is a challenge, multiple therapeutic modalities have been tested, with discouraging results. Surgery can be utilized in small size lesions. Laser therapy could be of utility.

Introduction: Mosaic trisomy 8 or "Warkany's Syndrome" is a chromosomopathy with an estimated prevalance of 1:25,000 to 1:50,000, whose clinical presentation has a wide phenotypic variability. Case Description: Patient aged 14 years old with antecedents of global retardation of development, moderate cognitive deficit and hypothyroidism of possible congenital origin. Clinical Findings: Physical examination revealed palpebral ptosis, small corneas and corectopia, hypoplasia of the upper maxilla and prognathism, dental crowding, high-arched palate, anomalies of the extremities such as digitalization of the thumbs, clinodactyly and bilateral shortening of the fifth finger, shortening of the right femur, columnar deviation and linear brown blotches that followed Blaschko's lines. Cerebral nuclear magnetic resonance revealed type 1 Chiari's malformation and ventriculomegaly. Although the karyotype was normal in peripheral blood (46,XY), based on the finding of cutaneous mosaicism the lesions were biopsied and cytogenetic analysis demonstrated mosaic trisomy 8: mos 47,XY,+8[7]/46,XY[93]. Clinical Relevance: Trisomy 8 is clinically presented as a mosaic, universal cases being unfailingly lethal. In this particular case, cutaneous lesions identified the mosaic in tissue, although the karyotype was normal in peripheral blood. The cutaneous mosaicism represented by brown linear blotches which follow Blaschko's lines is a clinical finding that has not previously been described in Warkany's syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevous (ILVEN) is an uncommon clinical variant of epidermal nevus that usually appears during childhood. The lesions are scaly erithematous and linear psoriasis like plaques distributed along Blaschko lines of one side of the body. We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with an ILVEN that appeared 6 years before clinical examination, affecting the right leg at the beginning and then spreading to the ipsilateral side of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 27 year-old-man, with no known personal or familial history of disease, mentioned a 10-year history of asymptomatic groups of telangiectasias, with a Blaschko lines distribution on the right lateral aspect of the neck and asymptomatic. He denied any episodes of disease or drug intake that could be associated with the disease. Blood work had no changes, namely of liver enzymes or infectious serologies. The clinical diagnosis of Idiopathic Acquired Unilateral Nevoid Telangiectasia was made, an uncommon, benign vascular malformation. The patient declined doing a cutaneous biopsy or treatment with a cosmetic intent.Um homem de 27 anos, sem quaisquer antecedentes patológicos pessoais ou familiares conhecidos, mencionava dermatose com cerca de 10 anos de evolução, caracterizada por agrupamentos de telangiectasias, de distribuição blaschkóide, na face lateral direita do pescoço e assintomáticas. Negava quaisquer episódios de doença ou toma de fármacos que pudessem estar relacionados com esta doença. As análises sanguíneas do doente estavam inalteradas, nomeadamente os enzimas hepáticos e serologias infecciosas. Foi efectuado o diagnóstico clínico de Telangiectasia Nevóide Unilateral Adquirida, idiopática, uma malformação vascular benigna pouco comum. O doente prescindiu da realização de biópsia cutânea ou tratamento de intenção cosmética.

A hiperceratose epidermolítica é doença genética da queratinização e inicialmente foi descrita sob a sinonímia de eritrodermia ictiosiforme congênita bolhosa. Caracteriza-se por apresentar herança autossômica dominante, podendo ocorrer mutação espontânea em 50% dos casos. Usualmente apresenta-se ao nascimento com bolhas, eritema e descamação, evoluindo para hiperceratose com ou sem eritrodermia associada. A histopatologia é típica, destacando-se camada córnea intensamente espessada, com degeneração vacuolar na porção superior da epiderme. Têm sido relatados casos esporádicos por mutação pós-zigótica durante a embriogênese, caracterizando o padrão em mosaico do envolvimento cutâneo, com áreas de hiperceratose alternando com pele sã, seguindo as linhas de Blaschko. As mutações têm sido relatadas nos genes das citoqueratinas 1 e 10. Os autores apresentam o caso de um adolescente de 15 anos de idade, que aos 10 meses de vida apresentou vesículas e bolhas que evoluíram para lesões hiperceratósicas acometendo os membros, o tronco e a região cervical. Tais lesões seguem as linhas de Blaschko e se alternam com pele sã. O exame histopatológico foi compatível com hiperceratose epidermolítica. O paciente recebeu tratamento com acitretin, obtendo boa resposta.

A neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF1) segmentar caracteriza-se pela presença das manifestações típicas da NF1 circunscritas a um ou mais segmentos corporais e geralmente localizadas unilateralmente. É causada por uma mutação pós-zigótica somática, e mais raramente gonadal, no gene NF1, sendo por isso um exemplo de mosaicismo genético e não uma forma distinta de neurofibromatose. Apresentamos dois doentes com NF1 segmentar e efectuamos uma revisão actualizada do tema.

Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare multisystem neurocutaneous syndrome considered the third most common neurocutaneous disorder after neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, with incidence of 1 in 7,540 live births worldwide. This paper reports the case of a female infant with a history of convulsive syndrome who was referred to the dermatologist due to presenting, from birth, linear bilateral hypochromic spots following the lines of Blaschko, affecting trunk and extremities. For clinical data and additional studies the diagnosis of hypomelanosis of Ito was done. No reports of this syndrome in Ecuador were found in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VEXAS syndrome was described by the end of 2020 as an autoinflammatory disease caused by post-zygotic variants in the UBA1 gene. VEXAS syndrome occurs in adult males with recurrent fever, arthralgia/arthritis, ear/nose chondritis, neutrophilic dermatosis, lung inflammation, venous thrombosis, and different types of vasculitis. Common laboratory changes include raised acute phase reactants and macrocytic anemia. The coexistence of myelodysplasia is frequent, and bone marrow vacuolization of myeloid and erythroid precursors is characteristic. Glucocorticoids are effective at medium-high doses, but the remaining immunosuppressive drugs, either conventional or biological, have showed limited or absent efficacy. Azacitidine has been associated with a good response, especially in patients with accompanying myelodysplastic syndrome. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation appears to be the only curative therapy by now. VEXAS syndrome has become a paradigm shift in the diagnosis and treatment of autoinflammatory diseases and systemic vasculitis., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

O termo cútis tricolor descreve a presença de máculas cutâneas hiper e ipocrômicas, adjacentes e congênitas, e é manifestação de mosaicismo cutâneo explicada pelo mecanismo de twin spotting alélico. Esse fenômeno consiste em forma particular de recombinação somática, com perda da heterozigose, que ocorre durante a mitose no embrião em formação. Apresenta-se caso de paciente masculino, 16 anos, com máculas hiper e hipocrômicas adjacentes no tronco, presentes desde o nascimento, assintomáticas. Não se detectaram outras anomalias.The term cutis tricolor describes the presence of congenital hyper and hypopigmented skin macules and is a manifestation of skin mosaicism, explained by the allelic twin spotting mechanism. This phenomenon consists of a peculiar type of somatic recombination, with loss of heterozygosity, which occurs during mitosis in the forming embryo. We present the case of a male patient, aged 16, with congenital asymptomatic adjacent hyper and hypopigmented macules on the trunk. No other anomalies could be detected.

INTRODUCTION: Trisomy of chromosome 13, also known as Patau Syndrome, is a genetic disorder resulting from a supernumerary chromosome 13. It was discovered in 1960 by Patau and is currently reported less frequent trisomy in humans. It is usually associated with a maternal rather than paternal meiotic disorder and, like Down syndrome, its incidence increases with maternal age. Affected infants die shortly after birth, mostly before 3 months old. It is believed that 80-90% of affected fetuses do not reach term gestational age. CASE REPORT: The case of a male newborn with diagnosis of trisomy 13 is presented, with charasteristic features such as pink Tetrallogy of Fallot and laryngotracheomalacia. At birth, the patient manifests multiple complications related to his condition, altering the evolution and prognosis. Survival of the patient exceeded expectations, which is strictly related to the severity of cerebral, cardiac and renal malformations, which in turn is directly related to the degree of chromosomal alterations of the infant, with mosaicism being the less clinically affected. DISCUSSION: Recently the visibility of trisomy 13 cases have increased by more practiced in the diagnoses of the same and in addition to its survival by new interventions that have been discovered in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmental Darier's disease is a rare clinical variant characterized by a linear distribution of keratotic papules following Blaschko's lines. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with a 4-month history of a lesion on her neck displaying a linear arrangement; histologically, epidermis with orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and multifocal parakeratosis, intraepidermal clefts with acantholytic cells, and corps ronds in the granular layer, were seen. Treatment with vitamin A 100,000 IU per day, for two months, and 0.1% retinoic acid cream, once a day, was indicated, with overall improvement. This is a model case of type 1 segmental Darier's disease with a successful response to the treatment; it is also representative of that group of entities that follow Blaschko's lines, which, as a rule, are related to a mosaicism of the involved skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis is a sporadic pigmentary anomaly occurring within the first weeks of life, characterized clinically by swirls and streaks of macular hyperpigmentation following the lines of Blaschko without previous inflammatory events. Histologically it shows only epidermal melanosis. Underlying chromosomal mosaicism has been demonstrated in only a few published cases. This condition must be differentiated from incontinentia pigmenti, early systematized epidermal nevus and hypomelanosis of Ito. We present the case of a patient with congenital linear and whorled hypermelanosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El Síndrome del maullido de gato (Cri du Chat) consiste en una deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 5. Los hallazgos clínicos comunes encontrados en este síndrome son: Microcefalia, puente nasal ancho, hipertelorismo, pliegues epícanticos, hendiduras palpebrales descendentes, pabellones auriculares de inserción baja, micrognatia, dermatoglifos anormales, retraso psicomotor y del crecimiento. Corresponde a un síndrome infrecuente, con una incidencia de 1 en 50000 nacidos vivos. Solo el 3% de los casos se debe a mosaicismo. En la actualidad, no se han reportado casos de Síndrome de Cri du Chat con dos líneas celulares en Venezuela. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, de 6 meses de edad quien consulta por Síndrome Convulsivo. Antecedentes personales: Producto de unión no consanguínea, primera gesta, pre-termino (34 semanas), controlado sin complicaciones. A los 28 días de nacido presenta convulsión focal motora e hipoactividad. Evaluación Genética: Al examen físico se observa microcefalia, hipertelorismo, micrognatia, llanto de tono muy agudo, talón prominente. Es evaluado a los 6 meses y se observa retardo ponto-estatural e hipotonía generalizada. El cariotipo reporta: 46 XY y 46XY del (5p) en 15% de las metafases evaluadas. Por la infrecuencia del mosaicismo como causa de este síndrome, se presentan las características clínicas y hallazgos citogenéticos de este paciente en comparación con las características de dos pacientes que portan la delección debido a otra causa. Los tres pacientes fueron admitidos a la unidad de Genética Médica de la Universidad de Los Andes, en la ciudad de Mérida; Venezuela.

Relata-se o caso de paciente do sexo feminino, de 9 anos de idade, com história de lesões bolhosas exclusivamente no dimídio direito, que acomete vários familiares de forma simétrica e cuja histologia evidencia acantólise tipo muro dilapidado, correspondendo, assim, a uma apresentação rara de mosaicismo na doença de Hailey-Hailey.The case of a 9-year-old girl with a history of blistering lesions restricted to the right side of her body is described. Several family members are also affected in a symmetrical fashion. Histological examination showed acantholysis similar to a "dilapidated brick wall", corresponding to a rare presentation of mosaicism in Hailey-Hailey disease.