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Objectives Student athletes encounter significant challenges during school-to-college transitions that can increase stress and undermine academic adjustment ( Heelis & Shields, 2015 ). An attribution-based motivation treatment ( Perry et al., 2014 ) was administered to student athletes who differed in perceived stress to improve short- and long-term academic performance. Methods In a two-semester, quasi-experimental, randomized treatment study, we examined the efficacy of an attribution-based motivation treatment (Attributional Retraining; AR) for competitive student athletes (N = 185) who differed in perceived stress (low, high). A theory-based path analysis assessed whether AR-performance effects were mediated by perceived academic control (PAC) and achievement emotions. Results High-stress student athletes who received AR outperformed their no-treatment counterparts by roughly one letter grade on a Semester 1 post-treatment class test. Consistent with Weiner's attribution theory (1985, 2012) of motivation and emotions, AR-performance effects were mediated by cognitive and affective process variables. For high-stress athletes, AR fostered course-related PAC, which in turn increased positive and reduced negative affect, which in combination promoted final course grades. Conclusions AR effects on performance for high-stress student athletes were indirect via cognitive and affective mediators consistent with Weiner's attribution theory (1985, 2012). Findings suggest attribution-based motivation treatments have practical implications for athletic programs, administrators, coaches, and directors in facilitating adjustment for high-stress student athletes.

Aims: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant comorbidity in substance use disorders (SUDs). While most studies have addressed trauma/PTSD in abstinent patients, little is known about trauma/PTSD in early detoxification treatment. The current study therefore addresses the systematic evaluation of trauma/PTSD in early inpatient detoxification. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was accomplished in three German-speaking clinics (n = 134) specialized in inpatient detoxification and motivation treatment. All measures are based on self-report using trauma-specific questionnaires and measures for general psychopathological burden. Results: Participation rate was 60.1% and patients did not show clinically obvious psychological distress during or after assessment. DSM-IV traumatic events were reported by 66.4%. Of the total sample, 38.1% screened positive for PTSD, and 14.9% screened positive for subsyndromal PTSD. PTSD patients reported significantly more childhood adversities and significantly higher scores in depression and ­general psychopathology compared to subsyndromal PTSD and SUD-only patients. Conclusions: Early and systematic evaluation of PTSD in SUD inpatient detoxification treatment is largely safe and yields important information for individual treatment. The high PTSD-rate and the high symptom load in SUD patients during inpatient detoxification treatment highlight the need for a more stringent address of trauma/PTSD in early SUD treatment.

Background Twelve-step mutual-help groups (TMGs) are among the most available forms of support for homeless individuals with alcohol problems. Qualitative research, however, has suggested that this population often has negative perceptions of these groups, which has been shown to be associated with low TMG attendance. It is important to understand this population's perceptions of TMGs and their association with alcohol outcomes to provide more appropriate and better tailored programming for this multiply affected population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to (a) qualitatively examine perception of TMGs in this population and (b) quantitatively evaluate its association with motivation, treatment attendance and alcohol outcomes. Methods Participants ( N =62) were chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems who received single-site Housing First within a larger evaluation study. Perceptions of TMGs were captured using an open-ended item. Quantitative outcome variables were created from assessments of motivation, treatment attendance and alcohol outcomes. Results Findings indicated that perceptions of TMGs were primarily negative followed by positive and neutral perceptions, respectively. There were significant, positive associations between perceptions of TMGs and motivation and treatment attendance, whereas no association was found for alcohol outcomes. Conclusions Although some individuals view TMGs positively, alternative forms of help are needed to engage the majority of chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems.

Perceived control (PC) and boredom are academic risk factors that undermine motivation and performance in competitive achievement settings (Pekrun, Goetz, Daniels, Stupnisky, & Perry, 2010; Perry, Hladkyj, Pekrun, & Pelletier, 2001). Attribution-based motivation treatments (attributional retraining: AR) can assist students who exhibit single-risk factors, but AR efficacy remains unexamined for students with multiple-occurring risk factors in online learning environments. In a prepost randomized treatment study, AR was administered to students who differed in PC (low, high) and boredom (low, high) in an online, 2-semester course. For students with co-occurring risk factors (low PC–high boredom), AR (vs. no-AR) recipients performed better on a posttreatment course test, had higher control-related beliefs, and were twice as likely to remain in the course. AR (vs. no-AR) treatment effects were absent for students not having co-occurring risk factors. These results advance research on attribution-based motivation treatments for students who exhibit co-occurring academic risk factors in online learning environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

Our quasi-experimental, longitudinal treatment study examined whether Attributional Retraining (AR) facilitated adjustment among young adults (n = 324) making the challenging school-to-university transition. An AR by performance orientation group 2 × 4 design showed AR primarily benefited high-risk students: Failure-ruminators (high failure preoccupation, low perceived control) receiving AR reported higher intrinsic motivation and more adaptive attribution-related emotions than their no-AR peers. Failure-acceptors (low failure preoccupation, low perceived control) receiving AR had higher intrinsic motivation, higher grade point averages, and fewer course withdrawals than their no-AR counterparts. Thus, AR had differential benefits (emotions, achievement) for vulnerable students who were psychologically distinct.

Transitions to novel achievement settings are often accompanied by unfamiliar learning conditions and unanticipated failure that undermine how individuals adapt to such situations. For first-year students, the transition to college is imbued with adverse learning conditions that can result in decreased motivation and academic performance. This study examined the efficacy of a motivation-enhancing treatment, attributional retraining (AR), to assist students who are at risk because of a high-failure avoidance orientation (tendency to maintain self-worth by avoiding failure). For high- (but not low) failure avoidance students, AR fostered an adaptive psychological mindset (course grade expectations, judgments of course responsibility) and better academic performance (course grade, grade point average). Findings suggest the utility of AR to offset the negative effects of a high-failure avoidance self-worth orientation.

Das Ziel der Studie ist der Therapieerfolgsvergleich über 28 Monate zwischen qualifizierter Entzugsbehandlung (QEB) und konventioneller psychiatrischer Entgiftung (EB). Methodik:Die Untersuchung erfasst in zwei vergleichbaren Teilstichproben alle Alkoholabhängigen, die sich 1994 einer EB (n=90) oder QEB (n=92) unterzogen. Die Daten wurden mittels zugeschickter Fragebögen, basierend auf den Dokumentationsstandards des DGSS, erhoben. Die Dropout-Quote betrug jeweils ca. 30%. Die Abstinenzquoten (ca. 40% vs. 20%) und die Bewertung nach den Standards der DGSS belegen die besseren Ergebnisse nach QEB. 20,7%der QEB Gruppe unterzogen sich im Katamnesezeitraum einer Entwöhnung, nach EB nur 10%. Die Mortalitätsquote ist nach EB mit 14,4%doppelt so hoch wie nach QEB (7,6%). Schlussfolgerung: Das Schließen der therapeutischen Lücke zwischen Entgiftung und Entwöhnung durch eine QEB würde langfristig eine effektivere Therapie bei verminderten Kosten bewirken.

Schatzungen gehen davon aus, das rund 30% der erwachsenen Strafgefangenen alkoholgefahrdet in dem Sinne sind, dass sie haufig „ubermasig“ und unkontrolliert Alkohol konsumieren (Dolde 1996) bzw. alkoholabhangig sind (Frieβheim 1993). Nach Kaiser (1997) schwanken die Angaben zum Anteil der Alkoholiker unter Strafgefangenen zwischen 2% und mehr als 30%. Quensel (Zit. nach Breuer-Kreuzer 1997) hat 1984 den Anteil der Strafgefangenen mit einem anamnestisch erheblichen Alkoholabusus sogar auf 60% geschatzt.

Introduction Regarding the patient clientele with main diagnosis (MD) F19.*[ICD 10] new needs have been seen to emerge. The increase in the number of consumers of N -methylamphetamine (by 29 % in 2011) in Saxony correlates with an impressive increase of the number of inpatients and emphasizes the need of adapted treatment offers. Objectives In this context, in 2009 an open-door ward (8 beds) for detoxification and motivation treatment for adults at age between 18-40 years with MD F19.* was opened which pursues an integrative therapeutic concept including both addiction-specific group- and talking therapy orientation and behavioral therapy approaches. Methods By using a pre-post study (pre: 2008, post I: 2010, post II: 2011, post III: 2012) selected key figures such as length of stay, readmission rate and kind of discharge, trends in individual substance-related detoxification motivation and associated mental disorders (F19.5) were monitored. Results A continuous growing number of patients with MD F19.* has been achieved, marked by an increase of treated cases (pre: 77, post III: 156) and planned admissions (pre: 58 %, post III: 72%). Other data (length of stay, readmissions, treatment discontinuations) showed no significant changes. Individual detoxification motivation data point to a trend in favour of N -methylamphetamine. The number of patients with MD F19.5 (psychotic disorder) increased by >100 %. Summary The results refer to the necessity of identifying and monitoring valid quality indicators regarding our treatment concept. Therefore, those as yet evaluated indicators may act as a preliminary basis. Further projects are planned.

In response to criticisms of the methodology of Barber's(1969)experiments, a 2x2 factorial design, varying hypnotic susceptibility and hypnotic treatment, was used to study the role of 'hypnosis' in the production of age regression by suggestion. Twenty subjects of high hypnotic susceptibility and 20 subjects of low hypnotic susceptibility were randomly allocated to one of two treatment conditions:hypnotic induction procedure or motivational instructions. Both treatments were followed by suggestions to regress to the age of seven years. Two measures of age regression were taken:the Draw-A-Man-Test and a subjective rating of the reality of the experience. The results showed significant effects of both variables, with high suceptibility and induction treatment producing better regression on both measures than low susceptibility and motivation treatment. Hypnotic susceptibility was the stronger of the two variables. The ranking of the four conditions corresponded with predictions of hypnotic depth from the state theory of hypnosis, but the findings were not inconsistent with the non-state theory. The drawings of all regressed groups were more mature than the norms for the age of seven and the drawings of a group of seven year old children.