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• The organic-inorganic hybrid coating forms an interpenetrating network structure. • The "labyrinth effect" of the organic-inorganic hybrid coating preventing the transmission and diffusion of corrosive media. • Multifunctional performances owing to the unique physical barrier and friendly interfacial interaction. • Bronze anticorrosion mechanism was investigated through electrochemical analysis. Bronze relics with vital historical, artistic, and scientific value, are one of the significant symbolizations of human civilization. However, due to the long burial time and the change in storage conditions, an inevitable and thorny problem arises in preventing the ancient bronze relics from corrosion. Coatings have great potential for metal corrosion protection at present. This study prepared a multifunctional coating consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2), and fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) polymer by an organic-inorganic hybrid, which was applied onto the surface of corroded bronze using a self-assembly method and spraying. The rough structure of composite coating resembling that of the mastoid structure found on lotus leaf, effectively prolongs the transmission path of corrosive ions while preventing bronze contact with the corrosive media. Additionally, this study mainly investigated the bronze anti-corrosion mechanism through an electrochemical analysis perspective. Electrochemical tests revealed the lower corrosion current density, and the positive corrosion potential of multifunctional FEVE@ZnO/TiO 2 coating immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of organic-inorganic significantly enhances corrosion resistance by retarding the corrosion process and providing active protection against corrosion. The multifunctional coating also exhibits exceptional self-cleaning properties and weatherability when without changing the bronze color and appearance. Consequently, this preparation strategy and research approach for constructing a multifunction coating has a great application prospect in the conservation of bronze relics and metal anti-corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multifunctional coating strategy shows promising prospective in advancing Si‐based anodes towards practical applications in Li‐ion batteries. Dual coating of amorphous carbon and TiO2 shows demonstrable advantages owing to high elasticity of amorphous carbon and mechanical toughness of TiO2. However, for past design of Si@C@TiO2 composite electrode, wherein C and TiO2 are configured layer‐by‐layer, a long‐standing problem exists as that a thin TiO2 coating is insufficient to stabilize the electrode's architecture while a thick one prevents the core active material of Si far from fully electrochemically utilization due to the too strong structural constraint effect. Herein, it presents that a facial heat treatment of Si@C@TiO2 with thick enough TiO2 can readily avert the problem. Such a strategy promotes the capacity utilization rate from 39% to 61% for the initial cycle and from 43% to 85% after 200 cycles. Model structure of C/TiO2 multilayer films is employed to reveal the role of the heat treatment. It finds that the heat treatment can transform a layer‐by‐layer structure of C@TiO2 into an interlaced structure of C/TiO2 which exhibits a dual advantage in withstanding mechanical strain and simultaneously promoting Li‐ion storage and electron/Li‐ion transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the application of natural biocides (oregano essential oil and eugenol, directly applied in solutions or encapsulated within silica nanocapsules) for safeguarding stone cultural heritage from biodeterioration, using green algae (Chlorococcum sp.) and cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp.) as common pioneer biodeteriogens. Core-shell nanocontainers were built for a controlled release of microbicidal agents, a safe application of chemicals and a prolonged efficacy. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of biocide efficiency at different doses were periodically performed in vitro, after six scheduled intervals of time (until 100 days). The release kinetics of composite biocide-embedding silica nanocapsules were characterized by the UV-Vis spectroscopy technique. Data showed both promising potential and some limitations. The comparative tests of different biocidal systems shed light on their variable efficacy against microorganisms, highlighting how encapsulation influences the release dynamics and the overall effectiveness. Both the essential oils showed a potential efficacy in protective antifouling coatings for stone artifacts. Ensuring compatibility with materials, understanding their differences in biocidal activity and their release rates becomes essential in tailoring gel, microemulsion or coating products for direct on-site application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial colonization can lead to various biodeterioration phenomena in outdoor stone monuments. To prevent these issues and mitigate the negative effects of chemical control, recent research has focused on encapsulating biocides in nanostructures. We tested the antifouling efficiency of the new multifunctional coating through in situ experiments performed on the Aurelian Walls in Rome. We selected two different biocides (2-mercaptobenzothiazole and zosteric sodium salt) and loaded them into two different silica nanocontainers (nanocapsules and mesoporous particles), which were dispersed in TEOS coatings. These coatings were applied to four common lithotypes (marble, travertine, mortar, and brick). Subsequently, we accelerated the colonization by inoculating microorganisms onto half of the samples, subjecting all samples to aging cycles. We conducted colorimetric, infrared spectroscopy, and other microscopic analyses to assess their durability and antimicrobial action. Our 3-year survey indicates that the coatings demonstrated antifoulant efficiency across all samples, with higher effectiveness observed on brick and mortar compared to travertine and marble. Among the nanostructures, nanocapsules exhibited greater efficiency than mesoporous particles, and regarding the biocides, the commercial one outperformed the natural one. These findings highlighted the potential of such systems in preserving cultural heritage; however, further research and product development is imperative for practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of organic polyester alkyd resin has revolutionized the coating industry due to its good adherence to any substrate, high gloss, and greater drying speed. This work deals with the characterization of nano calcium fluoride (CaF2 Nps) incorporated polyester alkyd coating for efficient multifunctional coating applications. The CaF2 Nps are prepared by employing a facile co‐precipitation process. The prepared particles are characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their size and morphology. By employing the ball milling technique, the CaF2 Nps along with other additives are mixed with alkyd resin to form a coating. The spreading ability, volatile and non‐volatile content, surface roughness, and coating thickness are evaluated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is estimated by the turbidimetric assay method against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria strains. Since these pigments hold very good antibacterial properties, the CaF2 are impregnated in alkyd resin coating, in which CaF2 nanoparticles are used as pigments. To reduce the nosocomial infection spreading in the hospital environment the formulated paint is analyzed for its antibacterial and anticorrosive studies. The current study confirmed CaF2 impregnated organic alkyd resin coating possesses promising comparable properties which would be a good choice for coatings, addressing multifunctional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osseointegration is an important indicator of implant success. This process can be improved by coating modified bioactive molecules with multiple functions on the surface of implants. Herein, a simple multifunctional coating that could effectively improve osseointegration was prepared through layer-by-layer self-assembly of cationic amino acids and tannic acid (TA), a negatively charged molecule. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) functional polypeptides were coupled with Lys6 (K6), the two polypeptides then self-assembled with TA layer by layer to form a composite film, (TA-OGP@RGD)n. The surface morphology and biomechanical properties of the coating were analyzed in gas and liquid phases, and the deposition process and kinetics of the two peptides onto TA were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. In addition, the feeding consistency and adsorption ratios of the two peptides were explored by using fluorescence visualization and quantification. The (TA-OGP@RGD)n composite membrane mediated the early migration and adhesion of cells and significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix in vitro. Additionally, the bifunctional peptide exhibited excellent osteogenesis and osseointegration owing to the synergistic effect of the OGP and RGD peptides in vivo. Simultaneously, the (TA-OGP@RGD)n membrane regulated the balance of reactive oxygen species in the cell growth environment, thereby influencing the complex biological process of osseointegration. Thus, the results of this study provide a novel perspective for constructing multifunctional coatings for implants and has considerable application potential in orthopedics and dentistry.

Poor osseointegration and postoperative bacterial infections are the main causes of clinical failure of titanium (Ti) based implants. In this study, calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr), which have osteogenic activity, were simultaneously introduced into titanium dioxide nanotubes (TN) in order to balance the potential cytotoxicity of GL13K (Antibacterial peptides), and a multifunctional Sr, Ca and GL13K-doped TN (SrCaTN-GL13K) coating was successfully constructed. The results showed that the SrCaTN-GL13K coating exhibited good mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance and bioactivity. Sr2+, Ca2+ and GL13K could be continuously released from the coating and was pH-responsive. In addition, SrCaTN-GL13K showed good antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus with antibacterial rates of approximately 70.32% and 70.78%, respectively. Cellular assays showed that RAW264.7 (immune), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC, angiogenic) and mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cell (MC3T3-E1, osteogenic) exhibited good adhesion, survival and proliferation activities on the SrCaTN-GL13K coated surface. At both gene level and protein level, expression of anti-inflammatory markers (Interleukin-10, IL-10; mannose receptor, CD206), angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, CD31) and osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; human collagen type I, COL1a1; osteocalcin, OCN) were significantly upregulated in SrCaTN-GL13K coating. At the cellular and molecular level, SrCaTN-GL13K possessed the ability to induce RAW264.7 towards M2 polarization and it possessed the ability to induce HUVEC tube-formation; meanwhile, it exhibited the ability to induce MC3T3-E1 towards osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, Ti implants exhibited improved antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and osteoinductive capabilities by loading Sr, Ca, and GL13K to alter TN. In this study, a multifunctional modification of Ti surface was achieved by an economical and efficient method, which provides a new idea for the design of antimicrobial implantable devices with immunomodulatory functions in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, new ZnO/TEMs composites were prepared using the electrostatic gravitational method, which combines the high reflectivity of ZnO with the low thermal conductivity of TEMs to create materials with excellent thermal insulation and heat preservation properties. The initial test results indicate that the ZnO‐coated TEMs are effective in blocking thermal radiation from sunlight, with thermal conductivity of 0.0523 W/m ⋅ K for the ZnO/TEMs microsphere coating. In addition, the internal and external temperature difference of ZnO/TEM‐C 1200 is 7 °C lower than that of cotton fabric under an optical power of 350 mW/cm2. Moreover, the ZnO/TEM‐C 1200 has a UPF value of up to 1894 and a total solar reflectance of 81.40 % in the 200–2500 nm wavelength range. These findings demonstrate the potential of ZnO/TEMs composites for use in thermal insulation and UV protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) are hollow polymeric particles in which a blowing gas has been encapsulated. This property makes them excellent for thermal insulation applications, such as lightweight fillers. This study has developed a viable technology for further improving thermal insulation properties in the field that needs excellent thermal insulation of textile fabrics. The ATO/TEMs composites were designed and prepared to reduce sunlight radiation by the charge gravity method. The test results showed that the ATO‐coated TEMs effectively block thermal radiation from sunlight. The temperature difference between ATO/TEMs treated cotton and the uncoated cotton fabric was 9 °C, and the thermal conductivity coatings were 0.0432 W/m⋅K. The UPF value of ATO/TEMs (ILs) coated cotton fabric is 440, significantly higher than pure cotton. This approach can provide insight into the design of high‐performance solar insulation composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the application of natural biocides (oregano essential oil and eugenol, directly applied in solutions or encapsulated within silica nanocapsules) for safeguarding stone cultural heritage from biodeterioration, using green algae (Chlorococcum sp.) and cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp.) as common pioneer biodeteriogens. Core-shell nanocontainers were built for a controlled release of microbicidal agents, a safe application of chemicals and a prolonged efficacy. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of biocide efficiency at different doses were periodically performed in vitro, after six scheduled intervals of time (until 100 days). The release kinetics of composite biocide-embedding silica nanocapsules were characterized by the UV-Vis spectroscopy technique. Data showed both promising potential and some limitations. The comparative tests of different biocidal systems shed light on their variable efficacy against microorganisms, highlighting how encapsulation influences the release dynamics and the overall effectiveness. Both the essential oils showed a potential efficacy in protective antifouling coatings for stone artifacts. Ensuring compatibility with materials, understanding their differences in biocidal activity and their release rates becomes essential in tailoring gel, microemulsion or coating products for direct on-site application.

Due to strict safety regulations, the automotive industry requires an effective reduction of flammability in polymer components. Flame retardants are usually added to the polymer matrix, affecting the viscosity of the matrix. Another possible solution is the application of coatings containing flame retardants, which can additionally ensure good surface quality and protection against external influences. In our research, the flammability of reference and flame retarded gelcoat base materials was investigated using oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and mass loss type cone calorimetry (MLC) tests. Based on the flammability tests, the best results were obtained with the gelcoat formulation containing 15%P ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and the mixed formulation containing 5%P APP and 5%P resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), with a 55% and 64% reduction in the total heat release compared to the reference gelcoat, respectively. The two best-performing coatings were applied to polypropylene (PP) samples. 15%P APP reduced the peak heat release rate of PP by 89% compared to the reference. The gelcoat formulation containing 15%P APP was applied to polyurethane (PUR) automotive components, where the coating reduced the maximum heat release rate by 53% and shifted the time to peak heat release rate by 447 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is highly attractive as a thermal insulation material for solid rocket motors but is plagued by its inherent low wettability. Existing methods have been used to solve this problem by manually or mechanically sanding the surface, which is environmentally hazardous. Herein, a multifunctional composite coating is constructed on the surface of inert thermal insulation materials using a two-step low temperature plasma surface treatment via an efficient hydrogen-bonding assembly strategy. The resultant composite coating exhibits excellent adhesion to the inert thermal insulation substrate. Benefitting from this, the coating retained its superhydrophilicity after 80 abrasion cycles and 12 h of agitation scrubbing with saturated salt water. Due to the superhydrophilicity of the coating, a self-cleaning effect for oils of different viscosities on the surface can be achieved by the simple action of water. Besides the adiabatic performance tests showed that the average top surface temperature of the coated thermal insulation was 30.9 °C lower than that of the original thermal insulation. Char residue analysis showed that the coating formed a more complete char layer at high temperatures, resulting in improved adiabatic performance. Our work would afford a new frontier to fabricate solid rocket motor thermal insulation materials with excellent surface comprehensive properties in a simple, eco-friendly and sustainable way, opening new possibilities for the advancement of high-performance inert materials. [Display omitted] • The multifunctional coating was prepared via a facile and eco-friendly method. • Hydrogen bonding forces provide strong guarantee for coating adhesion. • Excellent chemical and mechanical stability of the prepared coating is achieved. • Multifunctional coating enhances the friction, antifouling and adiabatic properties of thermal insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic glass coatings with multiple functions, such as strong broad-spectrum antireflectivity, effective self-cleaning, anti-abrasiveness, stability, and durability, have great potential for improving and ensuring the outdoor operation of photovoltaic modules. In this study, alkali-catalyzed hollow and solid silica nanoparticles were mixed at controlled ratios by sol-gel method, and the resulting solution was modified with HMDS to improve hydrophobicity, and obtain refractive indices ranging from 1.45 to 1.13. Subsequently, based on the principle of gradient refractive index, a trilayer hydrophobic antireflective (TLHA) coating was developed, comprising a top layer (n = 1.13), a middle layer (n = 1.27), and a bottom layer (n = 1.44). The TLHA coating exhibited an average transmittance of 97.77 % in the wavelength range of 380–1800 nm, with a peak transmittance of 98.97 % at 572 nm, and a hydrophobic contact angle of 144°. Additionally, after 144 h of thermal cycling and 600 abrasion cycles, the average transmittance of the TLHA coating decreased by 2.43 % and 1.63 %, respectively, in the 380–1800 nm range, and the coating's pencil hardness reached 5 H. And further application results showed that the crystalline silicon micro-modules with the TLHA coating could exhibit a 7.63 % and 5.24 % increase in J sc , as calculated from EQE and J-V curves respectively, and a 5.34 % increase in PCE, compared to modules without the TLHA coating. These results highlight the extensive applicability of the TLHA coating in enhancing outdoor photovoltaic operation efficiency, durability, and wear resistance. [Display omitted] • TLHA coating offers exceptional transmittance. • TLHA demonstrates broadband anti-reflective properties. • Facile preparation process supports practical application. • TLHA enhances stability and durability in solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyester/cotton (T/C) fabric has the excellent properties of both cotton and polyester, and is widely used in the textile field. However, the fabric is highly flammable. Further, the facile growth of bacteria on the fabric surface may lead to contamination that precludes application in some areas. Multifunctional T/C fabrics with flame retardancy, superhydrophobicity and antibacterial property have been prepared by construction a surface coating of phytic acid, chitosan, ferric ion and polydimethylsiloxane via a finishing method. The coated T/C fabric exhibits excellent flame retardancy with a LOI value of 30.2 % and a char length of 10.0 cm for combustion. The coated T/C fabrics also display superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WCA) greater than 150°. The multifunctional coated T/C fabrics exhibit good antibacterial properties with inhibition of bacterial growth for E. coli and S. aureus of over 98 %. Thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy suggest that the multifunctional coating on T/C fabrics produces an intumescent flame retardant effect involving both the promotion of char formation in the condensed phase and the evolution inert species to the gas phase to dilute the fuel load in the combustion zone. A new strategy for the preparation of textile fabrics with good flame retardancy, superhydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties by application of a multifunctional surface coating has been developed. [Display omitted] • Multifunctional T/C fabric was prepared by coating with PA, CS, Fe3+ and PDMS. • Multifunctional T/C fabric obtained a LOI of 30.2 % showing excellent flame reatrdancy. • Multifunctional T/C fabric had superhydrophobicity with water contact angle over 150°. • Multifunctional coated T/C fabrics had excellent antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present the development of advanced anticorrosive icephobic coatings tailored for AA2024-T3 surfaces. These coatings were engineered using polyurethane, incorporating fluoropolyol and isocyanate modified with hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil and fluoroalkyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) particles. Surface characterization involved contact angle and sliding angle measurements, as well as atomic force microscopy. The icephobic efficacy was evaluated through a battery of tests including differential scanning calorimetry, delay of freezing time measurement, impact and non-impact ice adhesion measurement (push-off and centrifuge), and the ice accretion method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy served to evaluate the anticorrosion performance of the coatings. The integration of silicone oil and F-POSS led to notable improvements in contact angles, increasing from 92° to 127°. The lowest sliding angle (6°) was obtained for the coating containing both silicone oil and F-POSS. Topographical images showed the essential role of F-POSS in providing a rough surface structure. The optimal coating formulation consisted of 10 wt% F-POSS particles and 5 wt% silicone oil, resulting in a water contact angle of 127°, a sliding angle of 9°, approximately 42 days of surface protection, and an impedance value of 4.8 × 108 Ω·cm2. Remarkably, this coating demonstrated exceptional durability in terms of icephobic properties, maintaining a push-off ice adhesion strength of 9.3 kPa even after 15 icing/de-icing cycles, confirming its desirable icephobic performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-lubricating coating has sparked significant research interest due to its remarkable tribology performance. However, traditional microcapsules-based self-lubricating coating still faces challenges in long-term serviceability and poor anti-corrosion performance. In this paper, a novel self-lubricating epoxy resin coating was proposed based on hierarchical design and energy wear theory. Microcapsules (MC) containing Polyalphaolefin (PAO40) were prepared via the solvent evaporation approach. Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (T) with high thermal conductivity was then incorporated into the MC-enhanced epoxy resin coating (EP) to construct the novel self-lubricating EP coating (T-MC-EP). Compared to the EP coating, the thermal conductivity of the T-MC-EP coating increased by 79.4%. Finite element analysis indicated that T constructed thermally conductive network in the coating, serving as the main heat carrier. Furthermore, the wear rate decreased by 91.2%, primarily attributed to the formation of lubricating oil film during friction and the reduction of epoxy resin molecular oxidation fracture caused by friction heat. After 31 days of salt spray testing, the T-MC-EP coating also exhibited superior anti-corrosion performance. This work provides an innovative insight into designing multifunctional coating, including excellent mechanical, thermal, tribological, and anti-corrosive performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional robust protective coatings that combine biocompatibility, antifouling and antimicrobial properties play an essential role in reducing host reactions and infection on invasive medical devices. However, developing these protective coatings generally faces a paradox: coating materials capable of achieving robust adhesion to substrates via spontaneous deposition inevitably initiate continuous biofoulant adsorption, while those employing strong hydration capability to resist biofoulant attachment have limited substrate binding ability and durability under wear. Herein, we designed a multifunctional terpolymer of poly(dopamine methyacrylamide-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phoasphorylcholine-co-2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate) (P(DMA-co-MPC-co-DMAEMA)), which integrates desired yet traditionally incompatible functions (i.e., robust adhesion, antifouling, lubrication, and antimicrobial properties). Direct normal and lateral force measurements, dynamic adsorption tests, surface ion conductance mapping were applied to comprehensively investigate the nanomechanics of coating-biofloulant interactions. Catechol groups of DMA act as basal anchors for robust substrate deposition, while the highly hydrated zwitterion of MPC provides apical protection to resist biofouling and wear. Moreover, the antimicrobial property is conferred through the protonation of tertiary amine groups on DMAEMA, inhibiting infection under physiological conditions. This work provides an effective strategy for harmonizing demanded yet incompatible properties in one coating material, with significant implications for the development of multifunctional surfaces towards the advancement of invasive biomedical devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multifunctional robust protective coatings have been widely utilized in invasive medical devices to mitigate host responses and infection. However, modified surface coatings often encounter a trade-off between robust adhesion to substrates and strong hydration capability for antifouling and antimicrobial properties. We propose a universal strategy for surface modification by dopamine-assisted co-deposition with a multifunctional terpolymer of P(DMA-co-MPC-co-DMAEMA) that simultaneously achieves robust adhesion, antifouling, and antimicrobial properties. Through elucidating the nanomechanics with fundamentally understanding the interactions between the coating and biomacromolecules, we highlight the role of DMA for substrate adhesion, MPC for biofouling resistance, and DMAEMA for antimicrobial activity. This approach presents a promising strategy for constructing multifunctional coatings on minimally invasive medical devices by tuning interfacial molecular asymmetricity to reconcile incompatible properties within one coating., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

With the global climate changing, people are more aware of energy consumption and are interested in energy-saving products or materials. One way to reduce energy consumption to improve personal thermal management efficiency is urgently needed. Therefore, we provide an alternative energy-saving method that will improve fabrics' thermal management by blocking infrared heat and ultraviolet light from solar radiation. A phase-inversion technique was developed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) micro-size and nano-size composite pore structure which can block out the sun and be coated on fabric material. Meanwhile, by adding hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel particles (SA) to the system, the surface of coating became superhydrophobic, it improved waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of fabric which are important for wearing or using pleasantly. It can be used for any outdoor application such as tents, clothing, or some indoor use as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria-associated infection represents one of the major threats for orthopedic implants failure during their life cycles. However, ordinary antimicrobial treatments usually failed to combat multiple waves of infections during arthroplasty and prosthesis revisions etc. As these incidents could easily introduce new microbial pathogens in/onto the implants. Herein, we demonstrate that an antimicrobial trilogy strategy incorporating a sophisticated multilayered coating system leveraging multiple ion exchange mechanisms and fine nanotopography tuning, could effectively eradicate bacterial infection at various stages of implantation. Early stage bacteriostatic effect was realized via nano-topological structure of top mineral coating. Antibacterial effect at intermediate stage was mediated by sustained release of zinc ions from doped CaP coating. Strong antibacterial potency was validated at 4 weeks post implantation via an implanted model in vivo. Finally, the underlying zinc titanate fiber network enabled a long-term contact and release effect of residual zinc, which maintained a strong antibacterial ability against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even after the removal of top layer coating. Moreover, sustained release of Sr2+ and Zn2+ during CaP coating degradation substantially promoted implant osseointegration even under an infectious environment by showing more peri-implant new bone formation and substantially improved bone-implant bonding strength.

Nowadays, multifunctional superhydrophobic coating has drawn widespread attention by virtue of its great water-repellent property, whereas the fragile mechanical and chemical durability of superhydrophobic coating greatly limits its practical application. Herein, a robust and multifunctional superhydrophobic composite coating (CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4) with anti-corrosion, delay-icing and self-deicing performance is constructed via simple imprinting-demolding process on the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (CFRE) surface and post-deposition modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy resin modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The obtained CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4 coating displays a superhydrophobic property with a WCA of 155° ± 1.2°. By virtue of the protection effect of the robust micro-grid structures for the inner superhydrophobic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (SP@Fe 3 O 4), the CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4 coating still maintains great superhydrophobicity after linear friction for 100 times. Additionally, compared with the carbon steel treated with CFRE, the impedance modulus at lowest frequency of CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4 coating treated group further increase with a value of 107 Ω·cm2, confirming the excellent anti-corrosion performance. Owing to the air pocket captured by the micro-/nanostructure on the superhydrophobic surface, the icing time of the CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4 surfaces extends from 60 s to 2130 s. Moreover, combined with the photothermal conversion performance of carbon fiber and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the ice on the CFRE and CFRE-SP@Fe 3 O 4 coatings surfaces begin to melt 137 s, displaying the excellent self-deicing performance. • Microstructure is constructed on the surface of thermosetting epoxy resin. • Micro-nano composite structures enable good mechanochemical stability of superhydrophobic coatings. • The CFRE-SP@Fe3O4 coating exhibits a good corrosion resistance under 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. • The CFRE-SP@Fe3O4 coating has excellent anti-icing and photothermal self-icing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The SF/(EGCG-Cu)2/HA composite coating is constructed by spin-coated. • The corrosion resistance of ZE21B alloy is significantly improved. • The coating efficiently improves biocompatibility both in vivo and in vitro experiments. • The coating has good free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory functions. A multifunctional, anti-corrosive, and bioactive coating on magnesium-based implants surface is favorable for vascular remodeling and recovery of normal physiological functions. In general, the introduction of biomolecules to selectively inhibit smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation and support endothelial cells (ECs) growth has been extensively studied. However, the regulatory role of the biomolecules needs to face the complex pathological microenvironment caused by stent implantation, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, hypercoagulation and cell proliferation disorder. Here, an endothelium-mimicking surface is designed, which can generate nitric oxide (NO) through catalyzing by copper ion (Cu2+) and the endothelial glycocalyx macromolecule hyaluronic acid (HA). Cu2+ is coordinated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to form a metal-phenolic network (EGCG-Cu), which should hold the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. EGCG-Cu and HA are loaded in silk fibroin (SF), then the SF-based coating is fabricated via facile spinning assembly on fluorinated ZE21B alloy. The results demonstrated that the SF-based coating is homogeneous and dense, and the corrosion current density is decreased from 84.2 μA/cm2 of the ZE21B substrate to 0.202 μA/cm2. This coating promoted the growth of ECs while reduced the infiltration and activation of macrophages. The desirable NO-releasing ability inhibits platelet aggregation and activation, meanwhile suppresses the over-proliferation of SMCs. It offers great possibilities for reducing neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. This multi-functional coating may provide a new solution to address the deficiency of current magnesium-based vascular stents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The multifunctional coating of fabric sensor exhibited self-healing performance under near-infrared light irradiation. • The fabric sensor showed flame-retardant property and triggered the fire alarm system within 2 s, enabling sensitive fire alarm responses. • The fabric sensor can detect a variety of human motions. The design of wearable fabric with ultrasensitive fire alarm response and piezoresistive sensor capabilities is urgently imperative to prevent burn injuries to people in the fire accident. Herein, a novel cotton fabric-based piezoresistive sensor comprising hydrophobic waterborne polyurethane, polyphosphazene (PPZ) microspheres encapsulated 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FAS), and amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (A-CNTs) was proposed via a roll coating approach, which achieve self-healing, flame-retardant property, and intelligent fire alarm response. The fabric sensor exhibited prominent flame retardancy because of the synergistic formation of a dense flame-retardant layer on the fabric surface by A-CNTs and PPZ. The char residue of the fabric sensor reached 20.4 wt% at 800 °C, and the limiting oxygen index was as high as 27.4 %. Interestingly, benefiting from the thermoelectric characteristic of A-CNTs, the fabric sensor triggered the fire alarm system within 2 s. More importantly, since the resistance changed with their deformations, the fabric sensor can also monitor a variety of human motions, and its sensitivity (GF) can reach 4.79. Additionally, the resulting fabric sensor exhibited self-healing performance. After physical damage, under near-infrared light irradiation, the healing agent FAS spontaneously migrates towards the surface of the fabric, effectively restoring the superhydrophobic property of the fabric. This work provides new insight into the design and application of multifunctional fabric sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the influence of the location of the electrodes on the productivity of electrochemical process and specific energy consumption during direct current electrosynthesis of finely dispersed graphite powder is considered. The authors consider the possibility of using finely dispersed graphite powder obtained by electrolysis as the main component of a multifunctional aerospace coating. For this purpose, two types of devices were constructed: with a coaxial and parallel arrangement of the electrodes. The main elements of the device are a stainless steel cathode and a graphite anode immersed in electrolyte (an aqueous solution of salts). The authors consider the influence of the arrangement of the electrodes in the installation for direct current electrosynthesis from the point of view of the energy efficiency and productivity of electrochemical process. As a result of anodic oxidation, a fine powder from graphite of the MPG-6 brand was obtained. The size of the resulting graphite particles is 1–50 µm. This finely dispersed graphite powder can be used as the main component of a multifunctional coating in aircraft, since it has an even homogeneous structure, as well as higher values of the main mechanical properties of a multifunctional coating, which will lead to a decrease in the number of layers and the thickness of the coating applied. The resulting graphite powder can also be used in the production of fire-retardant and heat-insulating materials for the chemical, nuclear industry, instrumentation, and heat power engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An easy and low-cost new approach has been developed to create a multifunctional superhydrophobic sol-gel coating in which an organic modified silica layer is deposited on the glass substrate using a dip-coating method. In this study, the superhydrophobic coating was successfully designed on glass substrates with low free energy and hierarchical textures. The methylthrithoxycylene (MTES) based coating exhibits transparent superhydrophobicity with a static water contact angle (WCA = 153 ± 3°) and a sliding contact angle (WSA = 9 ± 1°) for the highest deposition temperature. The stability test shows that this superhydrophobic coating material has exhibited excellent thermal stability (weight loss = 0.429 wt %) in a nitrogen gas medium. Finally, fabricated superhydrophobicity is highly recommending for applications, where self-cleaning and transparency with excellent surface properties are highly demanding. We have successfully done a detailed analysis of the surface morphology and topography at different deposition temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsic self-healing materials have received significant attention due to the characteristic recovery after damage properties through reversible dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, functional recovery with reliable mechanical properties are highly keen as protective coatings, specifically for devices and sensors vulnerable to abrasion in severe environments. Here, we present a functional hierarchical nanostructure capable of multiple micro-sized healings, with enhanced mechanical hardness due to the incorporation of graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplatelets. A self-healing multilayered nanocomposite formed by poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was easily assembled by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The addition of the rGO nanoplatelets in the LbL nanostructure resulted in a 13-fold increase in hardness (0.4 ± 0.1 GPa) when compared to the (PEI/PAA) architecture (0.03 ± 0.01 GPa). In addition, the nanocomposite presents an enhanced insulating electrical behavior (∼ 4.10−8 S/cm) despite the addition of the rGO nanoplatelets. Raman and Zeta Potential analysis indicated a possible wrapping of the rGOs by PEI, justifying the observed insulating electrical characteristics. The nanocomposite presents good hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 136°, interesting to extend the lifetime and protect underlying layers from humidity, degradation, and encrustation. Therefore, we propose an attractive hydrophobic, electrically insulating, and mechanically resistant multifunctional coating for high-performance electronic interfaces from minor cuts and abrasions, dispensing maintainer intervention.

Vapor condensation and condensate collection play a crucial role in solar water desalination, which is a promising solution to the shortage of freshwater. However, the currently used condensers based on thermal conduction and/or convection cooling are limited in cooling power for vapor condensation, whilst their surface wettability requires appropriate modulation to facilitate condensate collection. In this work, we achieve efficient water collection via using a wettability and spectral selectivity engineered coating comprising hydrophobic SiO2 and hydrophilic TiO2 nanospheres at an optimized weight ratio. The tuning of surface wettability promotes a dropwise collection mode, leading to maximized droplet harvesting performance of 1047 mg·cm−2·h−1. Further, the coating can spontaneously cool itself by reflecting ~90% of the incident sunlight whilst emitting >95% of thermal infrared rays, leads to a daytime sub-ambient temperature drop of 7 °C. Hence, under an ultra-humid condition that mimics a solar water-purification system, the coating that integrates daytime radiative cooling with dropwise collection demonstrates an excellent water production rate, which is superior to those of the hydrophilic surface and the surface with restricted radiative cooling access to the sky. Moreover, the coating comprising TiO2 photocatalyst can recover its wettability through the photocatalytic degradation of adsorbed oily dirt pollutants.

In the last decade, worldwide research has focused on innovative natural biocides and the development of organic and inorganic nanomaterials for long-lasting reliability. In this work, the biocide effects of two different biocides encapsulated in two different silica nanosystems for a multifunctional coating have been performed through in vitro tests, by using Chlorococcum sp. as a common stone biodeteriogen. Zosteric sodium salt (ZS), a green biocide, was compared with the commercial biocide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), widely used in the treatment of cultural heritage. The analyzed systems are the following: silica nanocapsules (NC) and silica nanoparticles (MNP) not loaded with biocides, two nanosystems loaded with ZS and MBT, and free biocides. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of biocide efficiency were performed periodically, analyzing pigment autofluorescence to discriminate between active and inactive/dead cells. The analyses showed multiple differences. All the nanocontainers presented an initial reduction in chlorophyll's autofluorescence. For the free biocide, the results highlighted higher efficiency for MBT than ZS. Finally, the nanosystems loaded with the different biocides highlighted a higher activity for nanocontainers loaded with the commercial biocide than the green product, and better efficiency for MNP in comparison with NC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologically feasible strategies for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces offer versatile applications in waterproofing, self–cleaning, selective absorption, and corrosion protection. Herein, we prepared low–surface–energy branched–chain–enriched micronanorod (F@SiO 2 @MNC) by hydrolyzing silane coupling agent and modifying fluoropolymer using micro–nanocellulose extracted from waste straw (Chinese hemp). These rods were sprayed and adhered to various substrates precoated with a binder, resulting in superhydrophobic surfaces. F@SiO 2 @MNC addition allowed for the formation of stable spherical liquid droplets when in contact with different types of aqueous liquids. Furthermore, these surfaces demonstrated excellent self–cleaning, robustness, abrasion resistance, UV resistance, cycling stability, and other multifunctionalities. They significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of filter paper, effectively separated oil water mixtures, and improved the corrosion resistance of metals. Our proposed strategy represents a novel approach for developing multifunctional coatings assembled from micronanocellulose. • Micro-nanocellulose (MNC) was extracted from Chinese hemp. • Rods (F@SiO 2 @MNC) enriched with low surface energy branched chains were prepared. • Rods were adhered stably to the surface of various substrates with a binder. • Various surfaces coated with superhydrophobic F@SiO 2 @MNC showed multifunctionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Layered double hydroxides (LDH) loaded on transition metal carbide (MXene) to form MXene@LDH heterojunction. • Corrosion inhibitor tannic acid and tri-pyridine derivatives with superior coordination capacity formed supramolecular ligand. • Modulated the compatibility between MXene@LDH and epoxy resin via ligand engineering. • High-efficiency integrated comprehensive protection coating with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption, anti-corrosion and flame retardance was constructed. Harsh marine environment poses great threat to the service of offshore equipment, and the development of multifunctional coatings is crucially important at present. Herein, layered double hydroxides (LDH) was loaded onto transition metal carbides (MXene) to construct MXene@LDH heterojunction via electrostatic self-assembly strategy. Supramolecular ligand (TT) formed by tannic acid and 4′-(4-Boronatophenyl)[2,2′:6′,2'']terpyridine modulated the compatibility of MXene@LDH in epoxy resin (EP) based on ligand engineering strategies, forming TT-MXene@LDH hybridized filler. EP doped TT-MXene@LDH coating (TT-MXene@LDH/EP) exhibited outstanding anti-corrosion, electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) and flame retardant performance. The charge transfer resistance and minimum reflection loss of TT-MXene@LDH/EP were reached at 4.09×1010 Ω⋅cm2 and −37.05 dB. The total heat release and total smoke production of TT-MXene@ LDH/EP were reduced 24.5 % and 47.2 % in combustion. Thermal conductivity of composite sample was also enhanced with the bridging effect of TT-MXene@LDH. Summarily, prepared comprehensive protective coating with anti-corrosion, EWA and fire safety provides a promising candidate for offshore equipment in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, glass slides were separately silanized by silane coupling agents, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) and 3-(mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPS). Then, in presence of a photoinitiator, multifunctional hydrophilic coatings were fabricated facilely on these silanized glasses via UV-induced grafting polymerization of zwitterionic acrylic monomer methacryloxyethyl sulfobetaine (SBMA). The results showed that both TPM and MPS silanized glasses could participate in the UV-induced grafting polymerization of SBMA, while more SBMA could be grafted to the former glass to gain a little bit higher hydrophilicity. The structure, morphology and properties of the multifunctional glasses were investigated fully. As the hydrophilic polymer brushes poly(SBMA) (pSBMA) covalently attached to the glass surface, the glasses could render a series of excellent performances, including underwater superoleophobicity, anti-fogging, anti-frosting, abrasion resistance, self-cleaning and antibacterial adhesion, and especially high stability even after being immersed in water for 20 days. The strong interaction of pSBMA and water was confirmed via differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Raman spectrum analysis, to explicit the anti-fogging mechanism. Therefore, it is promising that the scalable multifunctional glass fabricated via UV-induced grafting polymerization could be potentially applied in the fields of automobile, bathroom, medical, etc. [Display omitted] • A zwitterionic pSBMA coating covalently bonded on glass was fabricated via UV-induced grafting polymerization. • The coating endowed the glass with superb antifogging, antifrosting, self-cleaning, and antibacterial adhesion properties. • The strong interaction between pSBMA and water was identified via multiple techniques. • The glass coated with robust pSBMA brushes exhibited high durability and long-term antifogging property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized the world of portable power, enabling the proliferation of electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. However, these remarkable energy storage devices are not without their challenges, ranging from safety concerns to capacity degradation. Conformal coatings have emerged as a transformative technology to address these issues by providing a protective and uniform layer over critical battery components, such as the anode, cathode, and separator. The innovations in technologies relating to multifunctional conformal coatings have taken their application a step ahead of only providing safety. Multifunctional coatings have enhanced battery performance, developed solid-state battery technology, and allowed 3D and nano-architectured LIBs to be easily fabricated. Materials like conductive polymers, polymer electrolytes, and graphene are leading the research for multifunctional coatings for high-performance LIBs, increasing their conductivity, cycling capacity, and more. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the recent innovations in the field in the realms of varied materials and methods utilized for the conformal coating of LIBs. [Display omitted] • Materials for conformal coating of Lithium-ion batteries • Characteristics of conformal coatings • Multifunctional conformal coatings for high-performance lithium-ion batteries • Conformal Coatings Techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the synthesis and characterization of an innovative TEOS-based composite coating, which could improve previous formulations used in the field of monument conservation. The proposed coating is composed by a tetraethoxyorthosilicate matrix (TEOS), containing an elasticiser [hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH)] and a non-ionic surfactant (n-octylamine). The specific self-cleaning and antifouling properties are obtained by the addition of different kinds of nanofillers: the commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, plus two different silica nanocontainers, loaded with the commercial biocide 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Through a multi-analytical approach, we evaluate the effect of the nanoparticles concentration on the coatings drying rate, on the variation of their visual aspect and textural properties. Our results show that the addition of the silica nanocontainers at 0.05% (w/v) in sol does not change the color of the coating and reduces the formation of cracks after drying. Moreover, the coating charged with nanocontainers undergoes slower drying, thus improving its penetration into the pores of the treated surface. Further tests of photocatalytic and biocidal properties of this new product on different lithotypes and their potential interactions are in progress.

• The coated polyester/spandex (T/S) fabrics displayed excellent washing and rubbing fastness. • The coated T/S fabrics had excellent UV protection and antistatic properties. • The coated T/S fabrics possessed significantly improved flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance. • This study offers a sustainable and promising technique to impart multi-functionalities to T/S fabrics. This study focused on the development of liquid carbon black nanoparticles (nano-CB) and the fabrication of black-colored polyester/spandex (T/S) fabrics with antiultraviolet, antistatic, and flame-retardant properties by a facile pad-cure technique. The flame retardancy efficiency and fastness of nano-CB on the fabric were enhanced by using a cyclic phosphate ester-based flame-retardant and polyacrylate adhesive binder HF-901. The morphology and particle size of nano-CB were investigated, and the color features, antiultraviolet and antistatic properties, combustion behavior, flame retardancy, and mechanism of coated T/S fabrics were also explored. The flaky nano-CB particles provided excellent light shielding and color fastness to the fabrics. The homogeneous coating of nano-CB also significantly improved the antiultraviolet and antistatic performance of the fabrics. Moreover, the coated T/S fabrics exhibited self-extinguishing capacity and a reduced damaged length of approximately 7.9 cm without molten drops. The formation of cross-linked char networks in the condensed phase and the trapping of combustible radicals in the gas phase during combustion synergistically enhanced the flame retardancy and anti-dripping capacity of the coated T/S fabrics. This study offers a facile and industrial applicable approach to enhance the multifunctionality of T/S fabrics and expand their potential applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact injuries and fire risks generally coexist simultaneously in extreme environments. In this context, it is of great necessity to design impact resistant materials with both flame retardant performance and thermal stability. Here, a multi-functional flame retardant coating was prepared from the combination of silica sol (Si-sol), phytic acid (PA) and expandable graphite (EG) by graft modification with γ-propyl-trimethoxysilane (KH550). Subsequently, hierarchical composites were fabricated using one-pot foaming and brush coating method, where the carbon fiber cloth and coating served as the surface layer, while rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) acted as the interlayer. The hierarchical structure endowed the RPUF composites with high compression resistance and impact resistance properties. Furthermore, the flame retardant coating could effectively reduce the values of peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of RPUF composites by 77.5% and 81.8%, respectively. Therefore, these RPUF composites can effectively prevent impact damage and achieve excellent flame retardancy, making them promising candidates as safety protective materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, worldwide research has focused on innovative natural biocides and the development of organic and inorganic nanomaterials for long-lasting reliability. In this work, the biocide effects of two different biocides encapsulated in two different silica nanosystems for a multifunctional coating have been performed through in vitro tests, by using Chlorococcum sp. as a common stone biodeteriogen. Zosteric sodium salt (ZS), a green biocide, was compared with the commercial biocide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), widely used in the treatment of cultural heritage. The analyzed systems are the following: silica nanocapsules (NC) and silica nanoparticles (MNP) not loaded with biocides, two nanosystems loaded with ZS and MBT, and free biocides. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of biocide efficiency were performed periodically, analyzing pigment autofluorescence to discriminate between active and inactive/dead cells. The analyses showed multiple differences. All the nanocontainers presented an initial reduction in chlorophyll’s autofluorescence. For the free biocide, the results highlighted higher efficiency for MBT than ZS. Finally, the nanosystems loaded with the different biocides highlighted a higher activity for nanocontainers loaded with the commercial biocide than the green product, and better efficiency for MNP in comparison with NC.

Ti and titanium alloy have been extensively utilized in the areas of orthopedics and other related fields, however, limited abilities in antibiosis, ossification and vascularization restrict the application of these materials in clinical. In this research, pulse electrochemical deposition was used as a method to make chitosan regulate Ag+ and Ca2+ in situ, achieving ions' dual regulations and coprecipitation of HA nanoparticles (HA-NPs) and Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the surface of Ti. The spherical nanoparticles with even distribution were fabricated by optimizing deposition potential and the concentration of Ag+. The physical stabilities of coatings were significantly improved by the chelation among CS, Ag+ and Ca2+ reducing the release rate of Ag+, Ca2+. The coatings also exhibited noticeable abilities in anti-bacteria. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) displayed adhesion, proliferation and differentiation abilities on the surface of coatings, at the same time the composite coatings revealed promising capability in inducing BMSCs differentiation to osteoblast, which is proved by the results of fluorescent dye. Similar results also can be found in investigations about vascular endothelial cells, desirable adhesion between cells and materials and proliferation are able to prove that this kind of materials has outstanding biocompatibility with VECs cells. The animal experiments indicated that the composite coatings were biocompatible with smooth muscle, myocardium and lung with slightly negative impacts on liver and kidney. According to the results of alizarin red staining, the calcified nodules were dyed red, which reveal that this material can promote bone formation. Electrochemical method was utilized in this research to successfully construct multifunctional composite coatings, such as antibiosis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis, on the surface of Ti. Pulse electrochemical was utilized to make chitosan simultaneously coordinate with HA and Ag+ to prepare HA/Ag/CS composite nanocoating that aimed at improving the abilities of antibiosis, ossification and angiogenesis on the surface of titanium alloy. Unlabelled Image • Electrochemical deposition for fabricating nanoparticles coating • Physical stabilities of coatings for reducing ion releasing • The coatings exhibited noticeable abilities in anti-bacteria. • Multifunctional composite coatings for promoting bone formation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Surface modification of ZnO plays a role in nano/micro structure formation. • NH 4 HCO 3 decomposition is beneficial on performance of superhydrophobic coating. • The EP/FEP/m-ZnO coating has potential application in surface and interface field. • The nano/micro structure formed by the inorganic filler m-ZnO and pore-forming agent of NH 4 HCO 3 plays an important role. • The multifunctional coating has a high application value in practice. In this paper, a versatile low-cost and simple spraying process was reported for fabricating epoxy resin (EP)/fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/modified ZnO (m-ZnO) superhydrophobic coating (EP/FEP/m-ZnO). The ZnO nanoparticles were modified by the low surface-energy material of stearic acid, and the pore-forming agent (NH 4 HCO 3) was used to build micro/nano-structures. Results showed that the composite coating with 32 wt.% of m-ZnO, 5 wt.% of NH 4 HCO 3 exhibits the optimum superhydrophobicity, with water contact angle (WCA) of 160° and sliding angle of 2°. More importantly, the WCA of the as-prepared composite coating still maintains more than 130° under strong acid or 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution for 270 h immersion, which demonstrates the excellent anti-corrosive performance of EP/FEP/m-ZnO superhydrophobic coating. The WCA of the EP/FEP/m-ZnO coating still kept 136° and only gained weight loss of 1.04% after being rubbed with 300 cycles, and the weight loss of EP/FEP coating is 18.85% under the same condition. All the above aspects are the direct evidences for the highest wear resistance of EP/FEP/m-ZnO superhydrophobic coating. Furthermore, the adhesive ability of the EP/FEP/m-ZnO composite coating was satisfied with the requirements of Grade 1, that standing for strong adhesion between the coating and substrate. Simultaneously, the soil and fly ash could be easily cleaned from the surface of superhydrophobic coating with flowing droplets, that showing unique self-cleaning property. Furthermore, the EP/FEP/m-ZnO superhydrophobic coating has excellent anti-corrosion performance. It is believed that the nano/micro structure formed by the inorganic filler m-ZnO and pore-forming agent of NH 4 HCO 3 plays an important role. The suitable magnitude of pores has a positive meaning on fabricating the EP/FEP/m-ZnO superhydrophobic coating. The multifunctional coating has a high application value in condition of wear resistance, self-cleaning and anticorrosion, this facile and economic method may offer an effective strategy for surface and interface science and even industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • A facile LBL spraying method was proposed to fabricate multifunctional coatings on cotton fabrics and leather surfaces. • The coated fabric exhibited sustained fragrance release behaviors and excellent laundering durability. • The designed coatings show obvious antibacterial performance in two weeks and good wear durability. Abstract In this study, a continuous layer-by-layer (LBL) spraying technique was proposed for fabricating multifunctional coatings on cotton fabrics and leather surfaces, separately. This coating could be crafted simply by depositing polyacrylate emulsion, ethanol solution of fragrance, SiO 2 dispersion and chitosan solution on substrates via spraying approach. In this designed coating, polyacrylate emulsion was used in the base coat, SiO 2 particles in the middle layer served as a reinforcing agent. Chitosan was employed as the topcoat, thus giving effective antibacterial action, while vanillin layer was covered by SiO 2 layer and chitosan layer which set double barriers for vanillin diffusion. The coated fabrics and leather samples both exhibited obvious long-term antibacterial performance and sustained fragrance release behaviors, as well as good wear-resistance. All the results suggest that this LBL spraying method hold much promise in designing of multifunctional coatings for industrial use due to its simple operation and versatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modifications are frequently applied to enhance the multifunctional performance of metallic materials in biomedical applications, and nanotechnology has the advantage of enabling the development of highly customized surface functions and properties. However, the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS316L) exhibits bioinert behavior with tissues, can be easily corroded by body fluids due to the containing Cl− ions, and leads to bacterial attachment. This study aimed to improve the multifunctional properties of SS316L by coating it with a novel matcha/polyethylene glycol-CuO NPs (Mat/PEG-CuO NPs) synthesized by a simple ultrasound-assisted method. The phyto/sonosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized by a range of advanced techniques, and their coating on the surface of SS316L was analyzed for electrochemical corrosion and antibacterial behavior. The experimental results showed that the spherical-shaped CuO NPs were successfully fabricated and coated onto SS316L to improve its surface characteristics. The coating with CuO NPs, having an average thickness of 5.31 μm, demonstrated exceptional anti-corrosive and anti-bacterial characteristics, showing a zone of inhibition measuring 29.5 mm and 25.5 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) , respectively. The results demonstrate the successful fabrication of spherical CuO NPs coated onto SS316L, which holds great promise for biomedical applications. • 316 L stainless steel coated with Mat/PEG-CuO NPs. • Improved anticorrosive property was evaluated. • Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. • Multifunctional CuO NPs for biomedical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, a two-dimensional (2D) material consisting of Ti 3 C 2 T x , has demonstrated significant potential for numerous applications, particularly in the areas of corrosion and wear resistance to protect metals. In this study, we reported the facile preparation of MXene/epoxy resin (EP) coatings through blending, which was successfully confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With the lubrication of oleic acid (OA), an EP coating containing 1 wt% MXene exhibited superlubricity with a remarkably low coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.008. Furthermore, compared to the pristine substrate, the coating achieved an impressive reduction in the wear rate of 99.73 %. Under simulated seawater conditions, the coating demonstrated an exceptional corrosion protection efficiency (PE) of 99.38 %, which was attributed to the corrosion inhibition effect of MXene. The observed superlow friction was primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of a tribo-film of OA, the presence of the MXene film, and the improved mechanical properties of the EP coating due to the incorporation of MXene. Our study highlighted the potential of MXene as a protective material in long-term marine applications. • Coatings with both wear resistance and corrosion resistance were prepared. • The prepared coatings could enter the superlubricity regime. • MXene in E51 coating effectively improved the corrosion resistance. • Investigated the potential of MXene as a protective material for long-term marine applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osseointegration is an important indicator of implant success. This process can be improved by coating modified bioactive molecules with multiple functions on the surface of implants. Herein, a simple multifunctional coating that could effectively improve osseointegration was prepared through layer-by-layer self-assembly of cationic amino acids and tannic acid (TA), a negatively charged molecule. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) functional polypeptides were coupled with Lys 6 (K 6 ), the two polypeptides then self-assembled with TA layer by layer to form a composite film, (TA-OGP@RGD)n. The surface morphology and biomechanical properties of the coating were analyzed in gas and liquid phases, and the deposition process and kinetics of the two peptides onto TA were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. In addition, the feeding consistency and adsorption ratios of the two peptides were explored by using fluorescence visualization and quantification. The (TA-OGP@RGD)n composite membrane mediated the early migration and adhesion of cells and significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix in vitro. Additionally, the bifunctional peptide exhibited excellent osteogenesis and osseointegration owing to the synergistic effect of the OGP and RGD peptides in vivo. Simultaneously, the (TA-OGP@RGD)n membrane regulated the balance of reactive oxygen species in the cell growth environment, thereby influencing the complex biological process of osseointegration. Thus, the results of this study provide a novel perspective for constructing multifunctional coatings for implants and has considerable application potential in orthopedics and dentistry., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Impermeable and rigid graphene nanosheet is regarded as the thinnest corrosion protection layer and superior solid lubricant up to now, and has been largely reported and used for metal anticorrosion and wear reduction in both academic and industrial field. Here, we obtain few-layers graphene functionalized by poly (2-aminothiazole) (PAT) with free basal plane defects in organic solvent on the basis of π−π interaction between them. The barrier performance of composite coating with PAT-G hybrids is evaluated by water uptake and electrochemical measurement in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution compared to neat epoxy coating and PAT-based coating. The wear reduction of PAT-functionalized graphene-based coating is investigated via friction test. Composite coating with PAT-G hybrids exhibited excellent anticorrosion performance and wear reduction thanks to the multifunctional graphene and passive effect of PAT. The optimized specimen PAT-G 0.5% shows a superior barrier property during 80 days' immersion and exhibits the lowest wear rate, which is reduced by 69.48% relative to neat epoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]