40 results on '"multimaterial 3D printing"'
Search Results
2. Material-Efficient Multimaterial Projection Micro-stereolithography Using Droplet-Based Resin Supply
- Author
-
Tobia, Jay, Yang, Chen, Kim, Jason, Han, Daehoon, and Lee, Howon
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Negative Thermal Expansion Metamaterials: A Review of Design, Fabrication, and Applications.
- Author
-
Dubey, Devashish, Mirhakimi, Anooshe Sadat, and Elbestawi, Mohamed A.
- Subjects
THERMAL expansion ,LASER deposition ,METAMATERIALS ,MANUFACTURING processes ,INDUSTRIAL lasers ,HIGH temperatures - Abstract
Most materials conventionally found in nature expand with an increase in temperature. In actual systems and assemblies like precision instruments, this can cause thermal distortions which can be difficult to handle. Materials with a tendency to shrink with an increase in temperature can be used alongside conventional materials to restrict the overall dimensional change of structures. Such structures, also called negative-thermal-expansion materials, could be crucial in applications like electronics, biomedicine, aerospace components, etc., which undergo high changes in temperature. This can be achieved using mechanically engineered materials, also called negative thermal expansion (NTE) mechanical metamaterials. Mechanical metamaterials are mechanically architected materials with novel properties that are rare in naturally occurring materials. NTE metamaterials utilize their artificially engineered architecture to attain the rare property of negative thermal expansion. The emergence of additive manufacturing has enabled the feasible production of their intricate architectures. Industrial processes such as laser powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition, both utilized in metal additive manufacturing, have proven successful in creating complex structures like lattice formations and multimaterial components in the industrial sector, rendering them suitable for manufacturing NTE structures. Nevertheless, this review examines a range of fabrication methods, encompassing both additive and traditional techniques, and explores the diverse materials used in the process. Despite NTE metamaterials being a prominent field of research, a comprehensive review of these architected materials is missing in the literature. This article aims to bridge this gap by providing a state-of-the-art review of these metamaterials, encompassing their design, fabrication, and cutting-edge applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. GelMA synthesis and sources comparison for 3D multimaterial bioprinting
- Author
-
Cesare Gabriele Gaglio, Désireé Baruffaldi, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, Lucia Napione, and Francesca Frascella
- Subjects
multimaterial 3D printing ,bioprinting ,GelMA bioink ,scaffold ,sacrifical polymer ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) is one of the most used biomaterials for a wide range of applications, such as drug delivery, disease modeling and tissue regeneration. GelMA is obtained from gelatin, which can be derived from different sources (e.g., bovine skin, and porcine skin), through substitution of reactive amine and hydroxyl groups with methacrylic anhydride (MAA). The degree of functionalization (DoF) can be tuned by varying the MAA amount used; thus, different protocols, with different reaction efficiency, have been developed, using various alkaline buffers (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline, DPBS, or carbonate-bicarbonate solution). Obviously, DoF modulation has an impact on the final GelMA properties, so a deep investigation on the features of the obtained hydrogel must be carried on. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different gelatin sources and synthesis methods affect GelMA properties, as literature lacks direct and systematic comparisons between these parameters, especially between synthesis methods. The final aim is to facilitate the choice of the source or synthesis method according to the needs of the desired application. Hence, chemical and physical properties of GelMA formulations were assessed, determining the DoFs, mechanical and viscoelastic properties by rheological analysis, water absorption by swelling capacity and enzymatic degradation rates. Biological tests with lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were performed. Moreover, since 3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving technology thanks to the possibility of precise deposition of cell-laden biomaterials (bioinks) to mimic the 3D structures of several tissues, the potential of different GelMA formulations as bioinks have been tested with a multi-material approach, revealing its printability and versatility in various applications.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Stiffness-Tunable Origami Structures via Multimaterial Three-Dimensional Printing.
- Author
-
Liu, Qingjiang, Ye, Haitao, Cheng, Jianxiang, Li, Honggeng, He, Xiangnan, Jian, Bingcong, and Ge, Qi
- Abstract
Origami structure has been employed in many engineering applications. However, there is currently no strategy that can systematically achieve stiffness-tunable origami (STO) structures through proper geometric design. Here, we report a strategy for designing and fabricating STO structures based on thick-panel origami using multimaterial 3D printing. By adjusting the soft hinge position, we tune the geometric parameter ψ to program the stiffness and strength of origami structures. We develop origami structures with graded stiffness and strength by stacking Kresling origami structures with different ψ. The printed structures show great cyclic characteristics and deformation ability. After optimizing combinations of structures with different ψ, the multi-layer Kresling STO structures can effectively reduce the peak impact, showing a good energy absorption effect. The proposed approach can be implemented in various origami patterns to design and tune the mechanical properties of origami structures for many potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Negative Thermal Expansion Metamaterials: A Review of Design, Fabrication, and Applications
- Author
-
Devashish Dubey, Anooshe Sadat Mirhakimi, and Mohamed A. Elbestawi
- Subjects
mechanical metamaterials ,multimaterial 3D printing ,additive manufacturing ,laser powder bed fusion ,direct energy deposition ,Production capacity. Manufacturing capacity ,T58.7-58.8 - Abstract
Most materials conventionally found in nature expand with an increase in temperature. In actual systems and assemblies like precision instruments, this can cause thermal distortions which can be difficult to handle. Materials with a tendency to shrink with an increase in temperature can be used alongside conventional materials to restrict the overall dimensional change of structures. Such structures, also called negative-thermal-expansion materials, could be crucial in applications like electronics, biomedicine, aerospace components, etc., which undergo high changes in temperature. This can be achieved using mechanically engineered materials, also called negative thermal expansion (NTE) mechanical metamaterials. Mechanical metamaterials are mechanically architected materials with novel properties that are rare in naturally occurring materials. NTE metamaterials utilize their artificially engineered architecture to attain the rare property of negative thermal expansion. The emergence of additive manufacturing has enabled the feasible production of their intricate architectures. Industrial processes such as laser powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition, both utilized in metal additive manufacturing, have proven successful in creating complex structures like lattice formations and multimaterial components in the industrial sector, rendering them suitable for manufacturing NTE structures. Nevertheless, this review examines a range of fabrication methods, encompassing both additive and traditional techniques, and explores the diverse materials used in the process. Despite NTE metamaterials being a prominent field of research, a comprehensive review of these architected materials is missing in the literature. This article aims to bridge this gap by providing a state-of-the-art review of these metamaterials, encompassing their design, fabrication, and cutting-edge applications.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Digital light processing based multimaterial 3D printing: challenges, solutions and perspectives
- Author
-
Jianxiang Cheng, Shouyi Yu, Rong Wang, and Qi Ge
- Subjects
multimaterial 3D printing ,digital light processing ,multimaterial 3D structures ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Multimaterial (MM) 3D printing shows great potential for application in metamaterials, flexible electronics, biomedical devices and robots, since it can seamlessly integrate distinctive materials into one printed structure. Among numerous MM 3D printing technologies, digital light processing (DLP) MM 3D printing is compatible with a wide range of materials from hydrogels to ceramics, and can print MM 3D structures with high resolution, high complexity and fast speed. This paper introduces the fundamental mechanisms of DLP 3D printing, and reviews the recent advances of DLP MM 3D printing technologies with emphasis on material switching methods and material contamination issues. It also summarizes a number of typical examples of DLP MM 3D printing systems developed in the past decade, and introduces their system structures, working principles, material switching methods, residual resin removal methods, printing steps, as well as the representative structures and applications. Finally, we provide perspectives on the directions of the further development of DLP MM 3D printing technology.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Toward Multiscale, Multimaterial 3D Printing.
- Author
-
Zhu C, Gemeda HB, Duoss EB, and Spadaccini CM
- Abstract
Biological materials and organisms possess the fundamental ability to self-organize, through which different components are assembled from the molecular level up to hierarchical structures with superior mechanical properties and multifunctionalities. These complex composites inspire material scientists to design new engineered materials by integrating multiple ingredients and structures over a wide range. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has advantages with respect to fabricating multiscale and multi-material structures. The need for multifunctional materials is driving 3D printing techniques toward arbitrary 3D architectures with the next level of complexity. In this paper, the aim is to highlight key features of those 3D printing techniques that can produce either multiscale or multimaterial structures, including innovations in printing methods, materials processing approaches, and hardware improvements. Several issues and challenges related to current methods are discussed. Ultimately, the authors also provide their perspective on how to realize the combination of multiscale and multimaterial capabilities in 3D printing processes and future directions based on emerging research., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Innovation in Additive Manufacturing Using Polymers: A Survey on the Technological and Material Developments.
- Author
-
Sarabia-Vallejos, Mauricio A., Rodríguez-Umanzor, Fernando E., González-Henríquez, Carmen M., and Rodríguez-Hernández, Juan
- Subjects
- *
POLYMERS , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *SMART materials , *SELECTIVE laser sintering , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
This review summarizes the most recent advances from technological and physico-chemical perspectives to improve several remaining issues in polymeric materials' additive manufacturing (AM). Without a doubt, AM is experimenting with significant progress due to technological innovations that are currently advancing. In this context, the state-of-the-art considers both research areas as working separately and contributing to developing the different AM technologies. First, AM techniques' advantages and current limitations are analyzed and discussed. A detailed overview of the efforts made to improve the two most extensively employed techniques, i.e., material extrusion and VAT-photopolymerization, is presented. Aspects such as the part size, the possibility of producing parts in a continuous process, the improvement of the fabrication time, the reduction of the use of supports, and the fabrication of components using more than one material are analyzed. The last part of this review complements these technological advances with a general overview of the innovations made from a material perspective. The use of reinforced polymers, the preparation of adapted high-temperature materials, or even the fabrication of metallic and ceramic parts using polymers as supports are considered. Finally, the use of smart materials that enable the fabrication of shape-changing 3D objects and sustainable materials will also be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Fused Deposition Modeling‐Based 3D‐Printed Electrical Interconnects and Circuits.
- Author
-
Nassar, Habib and Dahiya, Ravinder
- Subjects
FUSED deposition modeling ,THREE-dimensional printing ,POLYMERS ,DIGITAL technology ,PARAMETER estimation - Abstract
Multimaterial 3D printing in electronics is expanding due to the ability to realize geometrically complex systems with simplified processes compared with conventional printed circuit board. Herein, the feasibility of using a copper‐based filament to realize 3D circuits with planar and vertical interconnections is presented. The resistivity of the tracks (1–3 mm wide) is studied with reference to printing parameters and orientation. Using lateral infill for 1 mm tracks offers lower resistance compared with longitudinal infill (≈75%). For wider tracks, the effect of infill orientation on resistance diminishes. The evaluation of tracks embedded in polylactic acid shows a drop in maximum current (to ≈11 mA) compared with exposed tracks (≈16 mA). There is no observed correlation between electrical performance and number of embedding layers. However, a significant correlation is observed between the tracks' resistance and the amount of time the filament remains in the heated nozzle. This in‐depth study leads to optimum resolution to realize conductive tracks of 0.67 mm thickness and the first integration of fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐printed conductive traces with small‐outline integrated circuits to open a pathway for higher‐density 3D printed circuits. Finally, the transmission of digital data by a 3D printed circuit is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Fused Deposition Modeling‐Based 3D‐Printed Electrical Interconnects and Circuits
- Author
-
Habib Nassar and Ravinder Dahiya
- Subjects
additive manufacturing ,embedded systems ,multimaterial 3D printing ,polymer composites ,smart objects ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Multimaterial 3D printing in electronics is expanding due to the ability to realize geometrically complex systems with simplified processes compared with conventional printed circuit board. Herein, the feasibility of using a copper‐based filament to realize 3D circuits with planar and vertical interconnections is presented. The resistivity of the tracks (1–3 mm wide) is studied with reference to printing parameters and orientation. Using lateral infill for 1 mm tracks offers lower resistance compared with longitudinal infill (≈75%). For wider tracks, the effect of infill orientation on resistance diminishes. The evaluation of tracks embedded in polylactic acid shows a drop in maximum current (to ≈11 mA) compared with exposed tracks (≈16 mA). There is no observed correlation between electrical performance and number of embedding layers. However, a significant correlation is observed between the tracks’ resistance and the amount of time the filament remains in the heated nozzle. This in‐depth study leads to optimum resolution to realize conductive tracks of 0.67 mm thickness and the first integration of fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐printed conductive traces with small‐outline integrated circuits to open a pathway for higher‐density 3D printed circuits. Finally, the transmission of digital data by a 3D printed circuit is demonstrated.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. GelMA synthesis and sources comparison for 3D multimaterial bioprinting.
- Author
-
Gaglio CG, Baruffaldi D, Pirri CF, Napione L, and Frascella F
- Abstract
Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) is one of the most used biomaterials for a wide range of applications, such as drug delivery, disease modeling and tissue regeneration. GelMA is obtained from gelatin, which can be derived from different sources (e.g., bovine skin, and porcine skin), through substitution of reactive amine and hydroxyl groups with methacrylic anhydride (MAA). The degree of functionalization (DoF) can be tuned by varying the MAA amount used; thus, different protocols, with different reaction efficiency, have been developed, using various alkaline buffers (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline, DPBS, or carbonate-bicarbonate solution). Obviously, DoF modulation has an impact on the final GelMA properties, so a deep investigation on the features of the obtained hydrogel must be carried on. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different gelatin sources and synthesis methods affect GelMA properties, as literature lacks direct and systematic comparisons between these parameters, especially between synthesis methods. The final aim is to facilitate the choice of the source or synthesis method according to the needs of the desired application. Hence, chemical and physical properties of GelMA formulations were assessed, determining the DoFs, mechanical and viscoelastic properties by rheological analysis, water absorption by swelling capacity and enzymatic degradation rates. Biological tests with lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were performed. Moreover, since 3D bioprinting is a rapidly evolving technology thanks to the possibility of precise deposition of cell-laden biomaterials (bioinks) to mimic the 3D structures of several tissues, the potential of different GelMA formulations as bioinks have been tested with a multi-material approach, revealing its printability and versatility in various applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gaglio, Baruffaldi, Pirri, Napione and Frascella.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Innovation in Additive Manufacturing Using Polymers: A Survey on the Technological and Material Developments
- Author
-
Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos, Fernando E. Rodríguez-Umanzor, Carmen M. González-Henríquez, and Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Subjects
additive manufacturing ,material extrusion ,fused deposition modeling ,selective laser sintering ,stereolithography ,multimaterial 3D printing ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This review summarizes the most recent advances from technological and physico-chemical perspectives to improve several remaining issues in polymeric materials’ additive manufacturing (AM). Without a doubt, AM is experimenting with significant progress due to technological innovations that are currently advancing. In this context, the state-of-the-art considers both research areas as working separately and contributing to developing the different AM technologies. First, AM techniques’ advantages and current limitations are analyzed and discussed. A detailed overview of the efforts made to improve the two most extensively employed techniques, i.e., material extrusion and VAT-photopolymerization, is presented. Aspects such as the part size, the possibility of producing parts in a continuous process, the improvement of the fabrication time, the reduction of the use of supports, and the fabrication of components using more than one material are analyzed. The last part of this review complements these technological advances with a general overview of the innovations made from a material perspective. The use of reinforced polymers, the preparation of adapted high-temperature materials, or even the fabrication of metallic and ceramic parts using polymers as supports are considered. Finally, the use of smart materials that enable the fabrication of shape-changing 3D objects and sustainable materials will also be explored.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Based on Rotational Layer Jamming.
- Author
-
Zhu M, Xie M, Mori Y, Dai J, Kawamura S, and Yue X
- Abstract
This article presents the design and fabrication of a variable stiffness soft gripper based on layer jamming. Traditional layer jamming units have some limitations, such as complicated multistep fabrication, difficulties in system integration, and diminishing in stiffen effect. In this article, a variable stiffness soft gripper is proposed based on the rotational jamming layers to reduce the slippery phenomenon between layers. To fabricate the proposed complex design, a two-step fabrication method is presented. First, multimaterial 3D printing is applied to directly print out the soft finger body with jamming layers. Second, mold casting is used to fabricate the outer vacuum chamber. The proposed gripper contains a main framework and three identical variable stiffness soft fingers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the design, the soft gripper is mounted on a robotic arm to test its ability of grasping heavy objects while following complex grasping trajectory. The gripper can successfully grasp an object up to 360 g. Grasping robustness of the proposed gripper can be guaranteed when the robotic arm is moving at acceleration up to 7 m/s
2 . The results prove that the proposed design of the soft gripper can improve the grippers grasping robustness during high-speed movement.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Robotic Hands with Intrinsic Tactile Sensing via 3D Printed Soft Pressure Sensors
- Author
-
Markellos Ntagios, Habib Nassar, Abhilash Pullanchiyodan, William Taube Navaraj, and Ravinder Dahiya
- Subjects
additive manufacturing ,capacitive sensors ,intrinsic sensing ,material integrated sensing ,multimaterial 3D printing ,robotic hands ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Herein, the development of complex 3D intelligent structures such as robotic hands using innovative designs and multimaterial additive manufacturing technology is presented. The distal phalanges of the 3D printed hand presented herein have inherent soft capacitive touch or pressure sensors and embedded electronics. Materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), silver paint, conductive polylactic acid composite, graphite ink, etc. are explored to develop five different variants of the sensors using a modified 3D printer, which is capable of extruding conductive ink, metal paste, and polymers. The best‐performing 3D printed soft capacitive touch sensors, formed with silver paint and soft rubber (Ecoflex 00‐30), are integrated on the distal phalanges of the 3D printed robotic hand. These sensors exhibit a stable response with sensitivity of 0.00348 kPa−1 for pressure
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Structure and Properties of Ti/Ti64 Graded Material Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
- Author
-
Evgenii Borisov, Igor Polozov, Kirill Starikov, Anatoly Popovich, and Vadim Sufiiarov
- Subjects
additive manufacturing ,selective laser melting ,titanium alloys ,multimaterial 3D printing ,graded materials ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
Multimaterial additive manufacturing is an attractive way of producing parts with improved functional properties by combining materials with different properties within a single part. Pure Ti provides a high ductility and an improved corrosion resistance, while the Ti64 alloy has a higher strength. The combination of these alloys within a single part using additive manufacturing can be used to produce advanced multimaterial components. This work explores the multimaterial Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of Ti/Ti64 graded material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Ti64-graded samples fabricated by L-PBF with different geometries of the graded zones, as well as different effects of heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure of the bimetallic Ti/Ti64 samples, were investigated. The transition zone microstructure has a distinct character and does not undergo significant changes during heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The tensile tests of Ti/Ti64 samples showed that when the Ti64 zones were located along the sample, the ratio of cross-sections has a greater influence on the mechanical properties than their shape and location. The presented results of the investigation of the graded Ti/Ti64 samples allow tailoring properties for the possible applications of multimaterial parts.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Robotic Hands with Intrinsic Tactile Sensing via 3D Printed Soft Pressure Sensors.
- Author
-
Ntagios, Markellos, Nassar, Habib, Pullanchiyodan, Abhilash, Navaraj, William Taube, and Dahiya, Ravinder
- Abstract
Herein, the development of complex 3D intelligent structures such as robotic hands using innovative designs and multimaterial additive manufacturing technology is presented. The distal phalanges of the 3D printed hand presented herein have inherent soft capacitive touch or pressure sensors and embedded electronics. Materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), silver paint, conductive polylactic acid composite, graphite ink, etc. are explored to develop five different variants of the sensors using a modified 3D printer, which is capable of extruding conductive ink, metal paste, and polymers. The best‐performing 3D printed soft capacitive touch sensors, formed with silver paint and soft rubber (Ecoflex 00‐30), are integrated on the distal phalanges of the 3D printed robotic hand. These sensors exhibit a stable response with sensitivity of 0.00348 kPa−1 for pressure <10 kPa and 0.00134 kPa−1 for higher pressure. To demonstrate the practical applicability, the 3D printed hand with embedded soft capacitive touch sensors is used for interacting with everyday objects. The tightly integrated sensing elements within the 3D printed structures, as presented herein, can pave the way for a new generation of truly smart material systems that can possibly change their appearance and shape autonomously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Multifunctional Microneedle Patches via Direct Ink Drawing of Nanocomposite Inks for Personalized Transdermal Drug Delivery.
- Author
-
Li Y, Chen K, Pang Y, Zhang J, Wu M, Xu Y, Cao S, Zhang X, Wang S, Sun Y, Ning X, Wang X, and Kong D
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Drug Delivery Systems, Needles, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Polymers, Ink, Nanocomposites
- Abstract
Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, allows decentralized drug fabrication of orally administered tablets. Microneedles are comparatively favorable for self-administered transdermal drug delivery with improved absorption and bioavailability. Due to the cross-scale geometric characteristics, 3D-printed microneedles face a significant trade-off between the feature resolution and production speed in conventional layer-wise deposition sequences. In this study, we introduce an economical and scalable direct ink drawing strategy to create drug-loaded microneedles. A freestanding microneedle is efficiently generated upon each pneumatic extrusion and controlled drawing process. Sharp tips of ∼5 μm are formed with submillimeter nozzles, representing 2 orders of magnitude improved resolution. As the key enabler of this fabrication strategy, the yield-stress fluid inks are formulated by simply filling silica nanoparticles into regular polymer solutions. The approach is compatible with various microneedles based on dissolvable, biodegradable, and nondegradable polymers. Various matrices are readily adopted to adjust the release behaviors of the drug-loaded microneedles. Successful fabrication of multifunctional patches with heterogeneously integrated microneedles allows the treatment of melanoma via synergistic photothermal therapy and combination chemotherapy. The personalized patches are designed for cancer severity to achieve high therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. The direct ink drawing reported here provides a facile and low-cost fabrication strategy for multifunctional microneedle patches for self-administering transdermal drug delivery.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 3D Printing of Multimaterial Contact Lenses.
- Author
-
Hisham M, Salih AE, and Butt H
- Subjects
- Hydrogels chemistry, Software, Materials Testing, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Contact Lenses
- Abstract
3D printing of multimaterial objects is an emerging field with promising applications. The layer-by-layer material addition technique used in 3D printing enables incorporation of distinct functionalized materials into the specialized devices. However, very few studies have been performed on the usage of multimaterial 3D printing for printable photonic and wearable devices. Here, we employ vat photopolymerization-based 3D printing to produce multimaterial contact lenses, offering enhanced multiband optical filtration, which can be valuable for tackling ocular conditions such as color blindness. A combination of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was used as the base hydrogel for 3D printing. Atto565 and Atto488 dyes were added to the hydrogel for wavelength filtering, each dye suitable for a different type of color blindness. Multimaterial disks and contact lenses, with separate sections containing distinct dyes, were 3D-printed, and their optical properties were studied. The characteristics of multimaterial printing were analyzed, focusing on the formation of a uniform multimaterial interface. In addition, a novel technique was developed for printing multiple dyed materials in complex lateral geometrical patterns, by employing suitable variations in CAD models and the UV curing time. It was observed that the multimaterial printing process does not negatively affect the optical properties of the contact lenses. The printed multimaterial contact lenses offered a combined multi-band color blindness correction due to the two dyes used. The resulting optical spectrum was a close match to the commercially available color blindness correction glasses.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Materials, Design and Process Development for Additive Manufacturing.
- Author
-
Sufiiarov, Vadim and Sufiiarov, Vadim
- Subjects
Chemical engineering ,Technology: general issues ,DC thermal plasma ,FeSiB ,Ti-6Al-4V ,additive manufacturing ,additive manufacturing (AM) ,alloys ,annealing ,barium titanate ,binder jetting ,cobalt ,corrosion resistant steel ,direct energy deposition ,direct laser deposition ,direct laser deposition (DLD) ,direct metal deposition ,elevated temperatures ,graded materials ,granulation ,heat transfer ,heat treatment (HT) ,hydrodynamics ,lead-free piezoceramic ,magnetic properties ,maraging steel ,mass transfer ,mechanical alloying ,mechanical characteristics ,mechanical properties ,microstructure ,multimaterial 3D printing ,n/a ,nanopowder ,nitinol ,phase composition ,piezoelectric properties ,porosity ,powder bed fusion ,pure tungsten ,pyrolysis ,selective electron beam melting (SEBM) ,selective laser melting ,silicon carbide ,simulation of the melt pool ,sintering ,soft-magnetic alloy ,spheroidization ,spray drying ,stress relaxation ,synthesis ,tensile properties ,thermal history ,titanium alloy ,titanium alloys ,tungsten carbides - Abstract
Summary: Additive manufacturing is already actively used in various high-tech industries today. At the same time, there is a certain limitation and imperfection of known and widely used conventional materials when they are used in additive manufacturing. In this regard, extensive research and development are aimed at the advancements of new materials by adjusting the chemical compositions of conventional alloys, new equipment with expanded functionality and the ability to work with a wide range of materials that were previously not available for additive manufacturing. This Special Issue covers a wide scope of additive manufacturing processes, comprising investigation, characterization of materials and their properties, development and application of new materials, structures designed for additive manufacturing, as well as processes and techniques that will expand the potential applications of layer-by-layer synthesis.
21. 3-D CAD-Rekonstruktion der ersten „Eisernen Hand“ des Reichsritters Gottfried von Berlichingen (1480-1562) - 1. Fortsetzung: Funktionsprüfung mittels 3-D Druck.
- Author
-
Otte, Andreas, Weinert, Oliver, and Junk, Stefan
- Published
- 2017
22. Structure and Properties of Ti/Ti64 Graded Material Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
- Author
-
Kirill Starikov, Evgenii Borisov, Anatoly Popovich, Igor Polozov, and Vadim Sufiiarov
- Subjects
Technology ,Materials science ,Alloy ,engineering.material ,Article ,Corrosion ,multimaterial 3D printing ,Hot isostatic pressing ,titanium alloys ,Ultimate tensile strength ,General Materials Science ,Selective laser melting ,Composite material ,Ductility ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,graded materials ,QH201-278.5 ,Titanium alloy ,Microstructure ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TK1-9971 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,selective laser melting ,engineering ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 ,additive manufacturing - Abstract
Multimaterial additive manufacturing is an attractive way of producing parts with improved functional properties by combining materials with different properties within a single part. Pure Ti provides a high ductility and an improved corrosion resistance, while the Ti64 alloy has a higher strength. The combination of these alloys within a single part using additive manufacturing can be used to produce advanced multimaterial components. This work explores the multimaterial Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of Ti/Ti64 graded material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Ti64-graded samples fabricated by L-PBF with different geometries of the graded zones, as well as different effects of heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure of the bimetallic Ti/Ti64 samples, were investigated. The transition zone microstructure has a distinct character and does not undergo significant changes during heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The tensile tests of Ti/Ti64 samples showed that when the Ti64 zones were located along the sample, the ratio of cross-sections has a greater influence on the mechanical properties than their shape and location. The presented results of the investigation of the graded Ti/Ti64 samples allow tailoring properties for the possible applications of multimaterial parts.
- Published
- 2021
23. Multimaterial Three-Dimensional Printing of Ultraviolet-Curable Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Diverse Polymers for Multifunctional Flexible Electronics.
- Author
-
He X, Cheng J, Li Z, Ye H, Wei X, Li H, Wang R, Zhang YF, Yang HY, Guo C, and Ge Q
- Abstract
Ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are emerging stretchable and ionic conductive materials that are solvent-free and thus demonstrate excellent thermal stability. Three-dimensional (3D) printing that creates complex 3D structures in free forms is considered as an ideal approach to manufacture sophisticated ICE-based devices. However, the current technologies constrain 3D printed ICE structures in a single material, which greatly limits functionality and performance of ICE-based devices and machines. Here, we report a digital light processing (DLP)-based multimaterial 3D printing capability to seemly integrate ultraviolet-curable ICE (UV-ICE) with nonconductive materials to create ionic flexible electronic devices in 3D forms with enhanced performance. This unique capability allows us to readily manufacture various 3D flexible electronic devices. To demonstrate this, we printed UV-ICE circuits into polymer substrates with different mechanical properties to create resistive strain and force sensors; we printed flexible capacitive sensors with high sensitivity (2 kPa
-1 ) and a wide range of measured pressures (from 5 Pa to 550 kPa) by creating a complex microstructure in the dielectric layer; we even realized ionic conductor-activated four-dimensional (4D) printing by printing a UV-ICE circuit into a shape memory polymer substrate. The proposed approach paves a new efficient way to realize multifunctional flexible devices and machines by bonding ICEs with other polymers in 3D forms.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. 3D printing of PLA and PMMA multilayered model polymers: an innovative approach for a better-controlled pellet multi-extrusion process
- Author
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Khalid Lamnawar, Ahmed Belhadj, Mohamed Yousfi, Abderrahim Maazouz, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Fused granular fabrication (FGF) ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Forming processes ,3D printing ,short-beam three-point bending ,Polymer ,Bending ,Miscibility ,multimaterial 3D printing ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Flexural strength ,chemistry ,Extrusion ,Thermal stability ,interdiffusion ,Composite material ,business - Abstract
International audience; The present work deals with the 3D printing of multimaterials based on PLA/PMMA multilayers directly obtained from pellets. This polymer pair was chosen for their miscibility at the melt state and synergistic properties (i.e., to improve and weather tune the temperature resistance, transparency and thermomechanical properties of their PLA-based materials). Thus, 3D-printed parts with repeating PMMA/PLA/PMMA layers in the Z building direction were successfully prepared in different numbers but maintaining the same composition. The main objective was to better understand the interface/interphase properties developed during this innovative processing. First, further physicochemical and dynamic thermomechanical characterizations were performed. Second, the effects of multi-extrusion 3D printing processing parameters on the thermal stability of PLA, PMMA and their printed specimens were analyzed by GPC. Then, the structuralrheological and mechanical properties of the multilayered systems were investigated in comparison to their equivalent blend. The effects of flow kinematics during extrusion as well as printing chamber temperature (PCT) and infill density (ID) were specifically studied and rationalized. The triggered interfaces were characterized by SEM and subjected to flexural and short-beam three-point bending experiments that proved their dramatic influence on the final mechanical properties. The ultimate aim of this study is to enable successful control of the interfaces/interphases obtained in these 3D-printed PLA/PMMA systems in comparison to other forming processes.
- Published
- 2021
25. 3D printing of compact electrochemical cell for sequential analysis of steroid hormones.
- Author
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Duarte, Lucas C., Baldo, Thaisa A., Silva-Neto, Habdias A., Figueredo, Federico, Janegitz, Bruno C., and Coltro, Wendell K.T.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC batteries , *THREE-dimensional printing , *STEROID hormones , *SEQUENTIAL analysis , *CELL analysis , *POLYLACTIC acid - Abstract
3D printing technology revolutionized the development of electrochemical sensors allowing the fabrication of custom devices that can be adapted to meet specific applications. This study describes the development of a miniaturized electrochemical cell containing integrated electrodes manufactured entirely by 3D printing for the sequential detection of steroid hormones. The electrochemical sensor was manufactured in a single step by combining two types of thermoplastic filaments. Polylactic acid-Carbon Black (PLA-CB) was used in the electrode region and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was used in the insulating region. Chemical/electrochemical treatments were used to remove the inert polymer matrix and expose the electroactive sites of the CB electrodes. These pre-treatment procedures significantly enhanced the electrochemical response of the printed sensor. The analytical performance of the activated 3D printed electrochemical cell was demonstrated in the sequential detection of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in artificial urine. The electrochemical cell offered good repeatability (RSD = 3.1%) and reproducibility (RSD = 10.7%) between analyses reaching detection limits of 0.11 and 17.8 µmol L-1 for E2 and P4, respectively. In this sense, these results demonstrate that the use of 3D printing paves the way for the fast and economical fabrication of miniaturized electrochemical cells for hormone detection in biological fluids. [Display omitted] • A miniaturized electrochemical cell was entirely manufactured by 3D printing. • Automated combination between ABS and PLA - Carbon Black allowed the fabrication of a multi-material electrochemical cell. • Chemical and electrochemical treatments were carried out to improve the analytical performance of the printed sensor. • Pulse voltammetry was used for detection of steroid hormones. • Individual and sequential measurements of estradiol and progesterone in artificial urine has been reported with success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. New Metal-Plastic Hybrid Additive Manufacturing for Precise Fabrication of Arbitrary Metal Patterns on External and Even Internal Surfaces of 3D Plastic Structures.
- Author
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Song K, Cui Y, Tao T, Meng X, Sone M, Yoshino M, Umezu S, and Sato H
- Abstract
Constructing precise metal patterns on complex three-dimensional (3D) plastic parts allows the fabrication of functional devices for advanced applications. However, it is currently expensive and requires complex processes. This study demonstrates a process for the fabrication of 3D metal-plastic composite structures with arbitrarily complex shapes. A light-cured resin is modified to prepare the active precursor allowing subsequent electroless plating (ELP). A multimaterial digital light processing 3D printer was newly developed to fabricate the parts containing regions made of either standard resin or active precursor nested within each other. Selective 3D ELP processing of such parts provided various metal-plastic composite parts having complicated hollow structures with specific topological relationships with the resolution of 40 μm. Using this technique, 3D devices that cannot be manufactured by traditional methods are possible, and metal patterns can be produced inside plastic parts as a means of further miniaturizing electronics. The proposed method can also generate metal coatings exhibiting improved adhesion of metal to substrate. Finally, several sensors composed of different functional materials and specific metal patterns were designed and fabricated. The present results demonstrate the viability of the proposed method and suggest potential applications in the fields of 3D electronics, wearable devices, and sensors.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 4D Printing of Freestanding Liquid Crystal Elastomers via Hybrid Additive Manufacturing.
- Author
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Peng X, Wu S, Sun X, Yue L, Montgomery SM, Demoly F, Zhou K, Zhao RR, and Qi HJ
- Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) are appealing candidates among active materials for 4D printing, due to their reversible, programmable and rapid actuation capabilities. Recent progress has been made on direct ink writing (DIW) or Digital Light Processing (DLP) to print LCEs with certain actuation. However, it remains a challenge to achieve complicated structures, such as spatial lattices with large actuation, due to the limitation of printing LCEs on the build platform or the previous layer. Herein, a novel method to 4D print freestanding LCEs on-the-fly by using laser-assisted DIW with an actuation strain up to -40% is proposed. This process is further hybridized with the DLP method for optional structural or removable supports to create active 3D architectures in a one-step additive process. Various objects, including hybrid active lattices, active tensegrity, an actuator with tunable stability, and 3D spatial LCE lattices, can be additively fabricated. The combination of DIW-printed functionally freestanding LCEs with the DLP-printed supporting structures thus provides new design freedom and fabrication capability for applications including soft robotics, smart structures, active metamaterials, and smart wearable devices., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
28. Programmable Mechanical Metamaterials with Tailorable Negative Poisson's Ratio and Arbitrary Thermal Expansion in Multiple Thermal Deformation Modes.
- Author
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Bai Y, Liu C, Li Y, Li J, Qiao L, Zhou J, and Bai Y
- Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials pave a way for designing and optimizing microstructure topology to achieve counterintuitive deformation including negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and negative thermal expansion (NTE). Previous studies were always limited to single anomalous mechanical or thermal deformation, but current applications for high-precision mechanical or optical equipment always require their combination and customized and anisotropic deformation parameters. This work develops programmable two-dimensional (2D) mechanical metamaterials based on chiral and antichiral structures constructed with curved bimaterial strips to produce tailorable NPR and arbitrary thermal deformation. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the mechanical metamaterials is tunable on a large scale across negative, near-zero, and positive values depending on the bimaterial configurations and geometrical parameters of curved strips, while the value of NPR is mainly determined by the radian. Furthermore, it is programmable by coding the unit cells to exhibit customized and anisotropic thermal deformation combining homogeneous, gradient, and shear modes. The proposed mechanical metamaterials are fabricated by multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the unusual deformation modes are verified experimentally, which is well in agreement with the results of finite element analysis. This work demonstrates a feasible approach to achieving customized mechanical and thermal deformation through easy block building for specific engineering applications including eliminating thermal stress, shape morphing, and smart actuators.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Fused Deposition Modeling‐Based 3D‐Printed Electrical Interconnects and Circuits
- Author
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Ravinder Dahiya and Habib Nassar
- Subjects
smart objects ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,3d printed ,Materials science ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,Fused deposition modeling ,polymer composites ,business.industry ,Smart objects ,multimaterial 3D printing ,law.invention ,TK7885-7895 ,law ,TJ212-225 ,Polymer composites ,Optoelectronics ,embedded systems ,business ,additive manufacturing ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
Multimaterial 3D printing in electronics is expanding due to the ability to realize geometrically complex systems with simplified processes compared with conventional printed circuit board. Herein, the feasibility of using a copper‐based filament to realize 3D circuits with planar and vertical interconnections is presented. The resistivity of the tracks (1–3 mm wide) is studied with reference to printing parameters and orientation. Using lateral infill for 1 mm tracks offers lower resistance compared with longitudinal infill (≈75%). For wider tracks, the effect of infill orientation on resistance diminishes. The evaluation of tracks embedded in polylactic acid shows a drop in maximum current (to ≈11 mA) compared with exposed tracks (≈16 mA). There is no observed correlation between electrical performance and number of embedding layers. However, a significant correlation is observed between the tracks’ resistance and the amount of time the filament remains in the heated nozzle. This in‐depth study leads to optimum resolution to realize conductive tracks of 0.67 mm thickness and the first integration of fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐printed conductive traces with small‐outline integrated circuits to open a pathway for higher‐density 3D printed circuits. Finally, the transmission of digital data by a 3D printed circuit is demonstrated.
- Published
- 2021
30. Structure and Properties of Ti/Ti64 Graded Material Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.
- Author
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Borisov, Evgenii, Polozov, Igor, Starikov, Kirill, Popovich, Anatoly, and Sufiiarov, Vadim
- Subjects
- *
HEAT treatment , *ISOSTATIC pressing , *MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter , *SELECTIVE laser melting , *HOT pressing , *POWDERS - Abstract
Multimaterial additive manufacturing is an attractive way of producing parts with improved functional properties by combining materials with different properties within a single part. Pure Ti provides a high ductility and an improved corrosion resistance, while the Ti64 alloy has a higher strength. The combination of these alloys within a single part using additive manufacturing can be used to produce advanced multimaterial components. This work explores the multimaterial Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of Ti/Ti64 graded material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Ti64-graded samples fabricated by L-PBF with different geometries of the graded zones, as well as different effects of heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure of the bimetallic Ti/Ti64 samples, were investigated. The transition zone microstructure has a distinct character and does not undergo significant changes during heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The tensile tests of Ti/Ti64 samples showed that when the Ti64 zones were located along the sample, the ratio of cross-sections has a greater influence on the mechanical properties than their shape and location. The presented results of the investigation of the graded Ti/Ti64 samples allow tailoring properties for the possible applications of multimaterial parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Multimaterial 3D Printing: Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions (Adv. Sci. 3/2019)
- Author
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Zhongyi Huang, Jia Ming Zhang, Xin Yi, Huiling Duan, Xiying Li, and Pengyu Lv
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inside Back Cover ,Microfluidics ,General Engineering ,microfluidics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,3D printing ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,composites ,multimaterial 3D printing ,liquid inclusions ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,business ,direct ink writing - Abstract
3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of structural and functional composites. In article number 1800730, Jia Ming Zhang, Xin Yi, and co‐workers report a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured structural composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions by combining direct ink writing and microfluidics.
- Published
- 2019
32. Robotic Hands with Intrinsic Tactile Sensing via 3D Printed Soft Pressure Sensors
- Author
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Abhilash Pullanchiyodan, Habib Nassar, William Taube Navaraj, Ravinder Dahiya, and Markellos Ntagios
- Subjects
lcsh:Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,Materials science ,Inkwell ,Capacitive sensing ,lcsh:Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,Soft robotics ,Mechanical engineering ,lcsh:TK7885-7895 ,intrinsic sensing ,Smart material ,Pressure sensor ,multimaterial 3D printing ,lcsh:TJ212-225 ,Thermoplastic polyurethane ,capacitive sensors ,robotic hands ,material integrated sensing ,Conductive ink ,additive manufacturing ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
Herein, the development of complex 3D intelligent structures such as robotic hands using innovative designs and multimaterial additive manufacturing technology is presented. The distal phalanges of the 3D printed hand presented herein have inherent soft capacitive touch or pressure sensors and embedded electronics. Materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), silver paint, conductive polylactic acid composite, graphite ink, etc. are explored to develop five different variants of the sensors using a modified 3D printer, which is capable of extruding conductive ink, metal paste, and polymers. The best‐performing 3D printed soft capacitive touch sensors, formed with silver paint and soft rubber (Ecoflex 00‐30), are integrated on the distal phalanges of the 3D printed robotic hand. These sensors exhibit a stable response with sensitivity of 0.00348 kPa−1 for pressure [less than] 10 kPa and 0.00134 kPa−1 for higher pressure. To demonstrate the practical applicability, the 3D printed hand with embedded soft capacitive touch sensors is used for interacting with everyday objects. The tightly integrated sensing elements within the 3D printed structures, as presented herein, can pave the way for a new generation of truly smart material systems that can possibly change their appearance and shape autonomously.
- Published
- 2019
33. Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions
- Author
-
Xiying Li, Xin Yi, Pengyu Lv, Zhongyi Huang, Jia Ming Zhang, and Huiling Duan
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Microfluidics ,microfluidics ,Soft robotics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,3D printing ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,composites ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Composite beams ,multimaterial 3D printing ,liquid inclusions ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,direct ink writing ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Communication ,General Engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Communications ,0104 chemical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of functional composites. By combining the direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions is reported here. Phase diagrams for the rational selection of desired printing parameters are determined through a combination of simple theoretical analysis and experimental studies. 1D, 2D, and 3D structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions are fabricated. Moreover, the versatility of this 3D printing framework in fabricating layered composite beams of tunable thermal property and self‐healing materials is demonstrated. The proposed multimaterial microfluidic 3D printing framework could be broadly applicable for structural composites and soft robotic devices.
- Published
- 2018
34. Magnetic Multimaterial Printing for Multimodal Shape Transformation with Tunable Properties and Shiftable Mechanical Behaviors.
- Author
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Ma C, Wu S, Ze Q, Kuang X, Zhang R, Qi HJ, and Zhao R
- Abstract
Magnetic soft materials (MSMs) have shown potential in soft robotics, actuators, metamaterials, and biomedical devices because they are capable of untethered, fast, and reversible shape reconfigurations as well as controllable dynamic motions under applied magnetic fields. Recently, magnetic shape memory polymers (M-SMPs) that incorporate hard magnetic particles in shape memory polymers demonstrated superior shape manipulation performance by realizing reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible shape transformation and shape locking in one material system. In this work, we develop a multimaterial printing technology for the complex structural integration of MSMs and M-SMPs to explore their enhanced multimodal shape transformation and tunable properties. By cooperative thermal and magnetic actuation, we demonstrate multiple deformation modes with distinct shape configurations, which further enable active metamaterials with tunable physical properties such as sign-change Poisson's ratio. Because of the multiphysics response of the M-MSP/MSM metamaterials, one distinct feature is their capability of shifting between various global mechanical behaviors such as expansion, contraction, shear, and bending. We anticipate that the multimaterial printing technique opens new avenues for the fabrication of multifunctional magnetic materials.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Multimaterial Printing for Cephalopod-Inspired Light-Responsive Artificial Chromatophores.
- Author
-
Han D, Wang Y, Yang C, and Lee H
- Subjects
- Animals, Cephalopoda chemistry, Chromatophores chemistry, Light, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Biomimetic Materials chemistry, Hydrogels chemistry, Indoles chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Polymers chemistry, Smart Materials chemistry
- Abstract
Cephalopods use chromatophores distributed on their soft skin to change skin color and its pattern. Each chromatophore consists of a central sac containing pigment granules and radial muscles surrounding the sac. The contraction of the radial muscle causes the central sac to expand in area, making the color of the pigment more visible. With the chromatophores actuating individually, cephalopods can create extremely complex skin color patterns, which they utilize for exquisite functions including camouflage and communication. Inspired by this mechanism, we present an artificial chromatophore that can modulate its color pattern in response to light. Multimaterial projection microstereolithography is used to integrate three functional components including a photoactive hydrogel composite with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-NPs), acrylic acid hydrogel, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. In order to generate light-driven actuation of the artificial chromatophore, the photothermal effect of the PDA-NPs, light-responsive deformation of the photoactive hydrogel composite, and the produced mechanical stresses are studied. Mechanical properties and interfacial bonding strengths between different materials are also investigated to ensure structural integrity during actuation. We demonstrate pattern modulation of the light-responsive artificial chromatophores (LACs) with the projection of different light patterns. The LAC may suggest a new concept for various engineering applications such as the camouflage interface, biophotonic device, and flexible display.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Magnetic Field-Assisted Stereolithography for Productions of Multimaterial Hierarchical Surface Structures.
- Author
-
Joyee EB, Szmelter A, Eddington D, and Pan Y
- Subjects
- Cell Survival, Endothelial Cells cytology, Humans, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Magnetic Fields, Particle Size, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Stereoisomerism, Surface Properties, Endothelial Cells chemistry, Magnetite Nanoparticles chemistry, Polymers chemistry
- Abstract
Natural organisms provide inspirations for various functional structures and surfaces with significant applications in multidisciplinary fields. These biological systems are generally composed of multiscale surface structures with high geometric complexity and a variety of materials, making it challenging to replicate their characteristics in engineering. This study presents a novel multiscale multimaterial 3D printing method, magnetic field-assisted stereolithography (M-SL), for fabricating hierarchical particle-polymer structures with surface features ranging from a few nanometers to millimeters or even centimeters. Taking inspiration from nature, this study describes the design and fabrication of a bioinspired multiscale hierarchical surface structure, which is characterized of microscale cones, nanoscale pores, and surface wrinkles at a few nanometers. To understand the fundamental physics underlying the hierarchical surface structure fabrication in the proposed M-SL process, the complexities among the M-SL process parameters, material parameters, and printed geometries are discussed. The accuracy of the developed printing method is investigated by comparing the printed geometries and digital designs. Effects of the printed hierarchical surface structure on hydrophobicity and cell viability were characterized and discussed. It was found that the highly hierarchical surface structure changed the polymer composite surface from hydrophilic (contact angle: ∼38°) to hydrophobic (∼146°). In addition, the hierarchical surface structure also created a better environment for cell attachment and growth, with 900% more living cells at 72 h after cell seeding, compared with cells on the nonstructured smooth surface. Local and selective cell seeding can also be enabled by the surface structure design. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the M-SL 3D printing method on fabricating multimaterial functional objects with hierarchically structured surfaces for a wide spectrum of applications.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions.
- Author
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Li, Xiying, Zhang, Jia Ming, Yi, Xin, Huang, Zhongyi, Lv, Pengyu, and Duan, Huiling
- Subjects
- *
MICROFLUIDICS , *COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of functional composites. By combining the direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions is reported here. Phase diagrams for the rational selection of desired printing parameters are determined through a combination of simple theoretical analysis and experimental studies. 1D, 2D, and 3D structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions are fabricated. Moreover, the versatility of this 3D printing framework in fabricating layered composite beams of tunable thermal property and self‐healing materials is demonstrated. The proposed multimaterial microfluidic 3D printing framework could be broadly applicable for structural composites and soft robotic devices. By combining direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating composites with programmable gradient structures is reported. Versatility of the printing framework in fabricating complex and functional structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions is demonstrated. Theoretical analysis on the rational selection of desired printing parameters is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Multimaterial 3D Printing: Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions (Adv. Sci. 3/2019).
- Author
-
Li, Xiying, Zhang, Jia Ming, Yi, Xin, Huang, Zhongyi, Lv, Pengyu, and Duan, Huiling
- Subjects
- *
FABRICATION (Manufacturing) , *MICROFLUIDICS - Abstract
3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of structural and functional composites. In article number 1800730, Jia Ming Zhang, Xin Yi, and co‐workers report a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured structural composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions by combining direct ink writing and microfluidics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions.
- Author
-
Li X, Zhang JM, Yi X, Huang Z, Lv P, and Duan H
- Abstract
3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of functional composites. By combining the direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions is reported here. Phase diagrams for the rational selection of desired printing parameters are determined through a combination of simple theoretical analysis and experimental studies. 1D, 2D, and 3D structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions are fabricated. Moreover, the versatility of this 3D printing framework in fabricating layered composite beams of tunable thermal property and self-healing materials is demonstrated. The proposed multimaterial microfluidic 3D printing framework could be broadly applicable for structural composites and soft robotic devices.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hybrid 3D Printing of Soft Electronics.
- Author
-
Valentine AD, Busbee TA, Boley JW, Raney JR, Chortos A, Kotikian A, Berrigan JD, Durstock MF, and Lewis JA
- Abstract
Hybrid 3D printing is a new method for producing soft electronics that combines direct ink writing of conductive and dielectric elastomeric materials with automated pick-and-place of surface mount electronic components within an integrated additive manufacturing platform. Using this approach, insulating matrix and conductive electrode inks are directly printed in specific layouts. Passive and active electrical components are then integrated to produce the desired electronic circuitry by using an empty nozzle (in vacuum-on mode) to pick up individual components, place them onto the substrate, and then deposit them (in vacuum-off mode) in the desired location. The components are then interconnected via printed conductive traces to yield soft electronic devices that may find potential application in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices., (© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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