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This paper challenges a dualistic picture popularised by Nigel Pleasants at the centre of influential investigations into the possibility of Wittgensteinian forms of moral certainty. The dualistic picture takes it for granted that moral certainty concerns both a series of hinge propositions that are beyond doubt, make no sense to justify and cannot be expressed in ordinary discourse and a phenomenon that is only ever instantiated in our ways of acting. I consider tensions in this account as they relate to 'Murder is wrong' as a moral hinge proposition by drawing on the life and lyrics of US hip‐hop artist Kendrick Lamar. My claim is that the Lamar example highlights important tensions in our relation to the wrongness of murder that many would understand to occur within the moral realm, but which are conceptually ruled out from dualistic accounts of moral certainty. The plausibility of the dualistic picture must therefore be reassessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers what various forms of unknowing make possible in Shirley Jackson’s novel We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Combining Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of the “privilege of unknowing” with close reading, I show how Merricat Blackwood, the novel’s narrator-protagonist, has a habit of repelling knowledge in her narration. I argue that this tendency allows her to evade accountability for the murders she committed as a child. Furthermore, I point to the queer potential of the narrator’s unknowingness, as she also circumvents gender norms and compulsory heterosexuality. The narrator’s refusal to recognize her own transgressions ultimately means that her subversion can linger beyond the narrative conclusion. Overall, I demonstrate that reading We Have Always Lived in the Castle with an emphasis on what Sedgwick terms the “privilege of unknowing” can help us understand how the novel generates readerly sympathy for or identification with its narrator, despite her murderous acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While women1 are seven times less likely to kill than men, they receive a disproportionate amount of media coverage compared to male killers. Scholarship on this demographic reifies gendered stereotypes, including assumptions that women are nurturers who killed to protect themselves and/or their children. Other research positions women killers as mentally ill, thus unable to take responsibility for their actions. We analyzed the 27th season of Snapped (2020), which focuses on women who kill, to understand how female murderers are portrayed in comparison to actual female murderers. Snapped was largely consistent with available data about women who kill. While we applaud the realistic portrayals that Snapped offers, we also contend that the show encourages viewers to denigrate more socially disadvantaged women typically featured in the show, and obscures the fact that men, not women, are overwhelmingly responsible for intimate partner violence and murder in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Army estimates there are 25,000 unrecovered casualties from its past conflicts including the world wars. Three of those are the topic of this article. They were combat commanders killed in the early days of fighting at Kokoda in World War II, leading the men in operations against the Japanese. Templeton was captured and killed after interrogation. Crawford was ambushed and murdered by hostile Papuans. Dean was killed in battle and buried in the field. Closely reviewing the evidence of how the men’s lives ended aims to provide resolution for their families, and thus to secure for them and the men who died appropriate recognition and commemoration by the Australian Defence Force. Illustrating how archival resources may be better utilised to establish identification, the following argues that an unidentified grave at Bomana War Cemetery contains the remains of Crawford. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For generations, Indigenous communities have been calling attention to a widespread form of victimization known as Missing and Murdered Indigenous Peoples (MMIP). In response to grassroots efforts across rural communities, there has been a marked increase in legislation at the federal and state levels to address MMIP from 2018 to the present. Federal legislation has provided the most comprehensive and coordinated model of response to MMIP. This study analyzes how the scope and themes of federal legislation addressing MMIP are mirrored in the bills recently enacted by 14 states addressing MMIP. One goal of this study is to identify strengths and limitations within state legislation and provide insight into critical areas of focus for improving state legislative responses to MMIP. Next, we analyze reports from federal MMIP legislation and the 10 states (among the 14 with legislation) that have currently published MMIP reports to date. Our analysis of MMIP reports expands knowledge on (1) how data were collected and interpreted across jurisdictions, and (2) whether states experience MMIP in similar or different ways. Drawing on our comparative analysis of legislation and reports across jurisdictions, we offer data‐driven recommendations for states to consider when addressing MMIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For generations, Indigenous communities have been calling attention to a widespread form of victimization known as Missing and Murdered Indigenous Peoples (MMIP). In response to grassroots efforts across rural communities, there has been a marked increase in legislation at the federal and state levels to address MMIP from 2018 to the present. Federal legislation has provided the most comprehensive and coordinated model of response to MMIP. This study analyzes how the scope and themes of federal legislation addressing MMIP are mirrored in the bills recently enacted by 14 states addressing MMIP. One goal of this study is to identify strengths and limitations within state legislation and provide insight into critical areas of focus for improving state legislative responses to MMIP. Next, we analyze reports from federal MMIP legislation and the 10 states (among the 14 with legislation) that have currently published MMIP reports to date. Our analysis of MMIP reports expands knowledge on (1) how data were collected and interpreted across jurisdictions, and (2) whether states experience MMIP in similar or different ways. Drawing on our comparative analysis of legislation and reports across jurisdictions, we offer data‐driven recommendations for states to consider when addressing MMIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The "copycat effect" is a psychological phenomenon in which a person's actions influence the behavior of others, leading to imitations of behaviors, events, or ideas. It is often observed in contexts such as crimes, suicides, or violent behaviors, where media coverage of an event can trigger similar reactions in other people. Usually, many studies associate the copycat phenomenon with homicide or serial crimes. Little attention is paid to the phenomenon of emulation in suicide and, therefore, to the copycat phenomenon in this context. Methods: In our study, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using keywords related to copycat and suicide. Subsequently, each study was read and analyzed. Results: The results were compared with each other and demonstrated how it is essential to mitigate the resonance of suicidal events, especially through the media and social networks. In particular, this risk of emulation is greater among young people who are exposed to a continuous external source of information through news from the web in an incessant and constant way. This risk increases most immediately after the publicity of the suicidal event in a limited period of time. Conclusions: Unfortunately, little attention is given to the analysis of the copycat phenomenon, which causes an underestimation of the data related to suicide emulation, especially from the preventive perspective of a phenomenon that is still widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of good and evil and human responsibility is a central theme in the novel Die wêreld van Charlie Oeng (The World of Charlie Oeng) by Etienne van Heerden (2017). The eponymous protagonist in the novel commits various murders, ostensibly due to his circumstances. The author confronts the reader with the question: could Charlie Oeng have done anything to avoid his crimes? To address this question, Ifirstly engage the genre of the novel itself. The novel is regarded as a magical-realistic novel, a genre within which the line between reality and the magical is often blurred. Many challenging aspects of life in this magical reality are discussed in this novel. Charlie Oeng remains a challenging character who embodies evil. He can be described as a human being who struggles to come to grips with his humanity and is often misled to commit murders. As Charlie Oeng is increasingly led astray and drawn into a life of evil, the theme of being misled becomes more prevalent. As such, the author's question becomes more urgent: could Oeng have rejected this life of his own accord or was he preconditioned to accept it? Are his deeds a result of the eternal struggle between good and evil or his own (lack of) responsibility? Linked to the theme of being misled and choice vs. predestination is the character of Ouma Ogies, the blind woman, who enters into dialogue with God. Due to her unfortunate fate and God's rule, she challenges God during this dialogue and also wants to challenge God in court because of her unfortunate circumstances. She was also, in her opinion, misled by God. Various challenging questions are raised by this character as well as several other characters. The novel recounts the overarching question of God's rule and how humans react to it by investigating the issue through the experiences and narrations of various characters. Tian, the character through whose eyes the story is told, grapples with understanding how evil is possible when his parents are murdered. Cor van Gogh, who carries with him a painting of Vincent van Gogh, is a redheaded Dutchman ill-suited to life in South Africa. His anger leads to murder. This novel speaks to commonalities in Van Heerden's oeuvre and his earlier works. Aspects of good and evil and the rule of God play an important role in, for example, his novels Toorberg (1986), Die swye van Mario Salviati (2000), 30 nagte in Amsterdam (2008), and the recent Gebeente (2023). The author also engages Etienne Leroux's novels, such as Sewe dae by die Silbersteins (1964). In this regard, the deep psychological aspects of violence are revisited. An analysis of novels such as these allows one access to general views on good and evil while also enabling an investigation of the significance of the interaction/intersection between theology and literature. Such interactions/intersections are often significant and can lead to deeper insights into literature and theology. The question of good and evil in reality has been discussed in theology and philosophy. Augustine, Calvin, Paul, and other theologians and philosophers such as Aristotle, Derrida, Hegel, and Kant have written extensively on this matter. The classical Christian view is that God's creation of the world was good, but that human beings fell into sin and needed redemption through Christ. Evil is then the result of sin and human beings should be held accountable in this regard. There are, however, many other views, such as that evil is part of this reality and that it was part and parcel of evolutionary development. The question of human responsibility is crucial and it is clear that the different characters in this particular novel by Etienne van Heerden under consideration struggle with the question of good and evil and human responsibility. Ultimately, this narrative also symbolises a struggle with God. The novel leaves one with many questions regarding good and evil and human responsibility, as well as the theological implications thereof. Although no clear solution is given at the end of the novel, the questions posed by the author remain salient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally assumed that the memory of Edward V, king of England, was an important part of the politics and culture of the century following his disappearance and probable murder in 1483. This article considers the material culture associated with Edward and contributes to an understanding of his fate and how it was viewed in the reigns of Richard III, Henry VII, and beyond. In stark contrast to the experience of other elite figures in the period, Edward's memory was not promoted and supported through any of the potential lieux de mémoire which might have been preserved, created, or adapted for the purpose. The decades to the middle of the sixteenth century saw little if anything by way of an emerging tradition of visual presentations of the king. There was no indication of the emergence of physical locations in which his memory might be cultivated, and textual references remain sparse. A previously overlooked reference to Edward's chain, in the possession of the Capell family early in the sixteenth century, illustrates the remarkably limited interest in Edward as a personality and in his fate in the years after his disappearance. And while there is a clear possibility that the chain came to the Capell family in some neutral way, as the king's property was distributed in the aftermath of Edward's disappearance, there is also the possibility that it came as a result of his murder – and through the Capells' connection with the alleged murderer, Sir James Tyrell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To English eyes, France's first stageworthy adaptation of a Shakespeare play, Jean-François Ducis's Hamlet (1769), is a pale but gloomy shadow of the original. One of the few elements of Shakespeare's tragedy that Ducis retains is the Ghost of Hamlet's father, who presses the hero on to avenge the original murder. But Ducis's Ghost is both more savage and more ambiguous than Shakespeare's; being perceptible to none but Hamlet, it may be no more than a hallucination. More bloodthirsty than its Shakespearean counterpart, it demands that Hamlet kill his mother Gertrude alongside Claudius, thus producing a conflict of loyalties that leads him to doubt the moral legitimacy of his mission. Although Ducis himself later felt compelled to rewrite his own ending, in all versions Hamlet's sustained refusal to accede to the Ghost's demands eventually marks his triumph over both his melancholy and his incapacities as incumbent ruler of Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some people resolve disputes through the state, while others use religious or customary justice? We address this question by conducting a vignette experiment in Kosovo. We design hypothetical situations in which fictitious characters are involved in disputes regarding inheritance, debt, domestic violence, and murder. We vary information concerning (i) vignette characters' resources, (ii) their beliefs about the efficiency of state justice, and (iii) dispute settlement customs in the characters' communities. Survey respondents assess whether a vignette character is likely to seek informal justice, given the described circumstances. We find that respondents associate informal justice with characters who believe that the state would resolve their disputes very slowly, and whose other community members would not use state justice. These findings generalize to respondents' own justice preferences and patterns of actual informal dispute settlement in Kosovo and beyond. Our article highlights efficiency concerns and local conventions as explanations of informal justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the film "Cuttputlli," a Hindi remake of the Tamil film "Ratsasan," which explores the portrayal of a psychopathic serial killer. The film addresses social and cultural concerns such as the representation of serial killers, child sexual abuse, the role of the media, and gender stereotypes. While the film attempts to portray the psychopathic killer realistically, it also incorporates elements of Bollywood style, which detracts from its intended focus. The article highlights the influence of media in shaping public opinion and perception of crime and violence, as well as the prevalence of gender biases and the issue of sexual abuse. Overall, the film raises awareness and provokes contemplation on these important topics. [Extracted from the article]

The author seeks to provide a fresh perspective on the British crime series Unforgotten (2015-present, ITV, 5 seasons) by employing the motif of loss of happiness, which defines the past and present of all secondary characters introduced in each season. These characters have a significant connection to the murders investigated by DCI Stuart and DI Khan. The loss of happiness is a harrowing experience for all involved in every case, even if it does not stem directly from the violent crime; rather, it develops over time, fuelled by the secrets buried within each character – secrets that, when revealed, could potentially destroy their lives once again. By offering a bottom-up perspective on serious socio-moral issues, the series also addresses the banality of cruelty, framing the loss of happiness among individuals as a societal issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Response Time Concealed Information Test can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant item (probe, e.g., a murder weapon) among other, irrelevant items (controls), based on slower responses to the probe compared to the controls. A previous study (Lukács, 2022, JARMAC) analyzed the data of 14 experiments and demonstrated that classification accuracy is increased by increased test length (i.e., increased number of trials included in the analysis). However, that study left the important question open whether prior practice (whose trials are not included in the analysis) influences the classification accuracy of subsequent testing (i.e., subsequent trials included in the analysis). Reanalyzing the same data from the 14 experiments (comprising 2223 individual tests), we show that different sections of the test (each with the same number of trials), such as the first and second half of each examined test, do not differ substantially in their classification accuracy. The main implications for real‐life application are that, at least up to about 600 trials, prior practice does not affect subsequent tests' results, and the number of examined relevant items or their order of presentation may be freely chosen without compromising the method's validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homicidal ideation is an important, but understudied construct in criminological research. Unfortunately, previous investigations into homicidal ideation are limited by reliance on small convenience samples, larger correctional samples with limited access to the most serious and violent criminal offenders, and single-item measures of the central construct. The current study improves and extends existing research by examining the link between three unique measures of homicidal ideation spanning its frequency, chronicity, and severity on murder and attempted murder among an enriched sample of death-sentenced prisoners in California. Many individuals in these data have extensive criminal careers and multiple homicide offenses. Homicidal ideation frequency and severity were significantly associated with both murder and attempted murder convictions, homicidal chronicity had null effects. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. In forensics, the term overkill refers to the modus operandi of the offender that goes beyond the immediate need to kill the victim, but not beyond the borders of cruelty. The killer - unable to stop his murderous impulse - seems to want to make sure the victim is dead, repeatedly hitting the corpse. From a forensic point of view, this type of murder is characterized by bloody crime scenes and the discovery of brutal wounds on the victim's body. Aims. Through an examination of suggestive cases, we aim to identify and analyse the forensic aspects of overkill. The study aims to provide a framework of the findings in this type of murder to guide forensic assessment and allow differential diagnosis with others type of homicide. Methods In our study, we examined all the murders occurred in Rome between 1999 to 2015, closed with a final sentence and/or archived. We have therefore selected 18 cases where the crime has degenerated into overkill, because characterized by repeated and several signs of aggression on the body of the victim. For each case, there were analyzed the crime scenes and there were performed complete autopsies. Results. Only in one case the killer was a woman. In most cases victim and killer were partners. As for the motive, in 38.8% of the cases there was a passionate motive, followed by a neighborhood problem (22.2%) and money motive (17%). The sharps were the most used weapons; only in two cases firearms were used. The 39% of our cases had < 10 wounds on the victim's body; only in one case were more than 40 wounds. Conclusion. The forensic aspects of overkill are still poorly described in literature and require further study. Our study is a useful starting point in this direction. In case of overkill, the number of injuries and the crime scene may be such that multiple offenders are suspected. Therefore, a proper forensic identification of this type of murder allows to identify the killer in cases where there are multiple suspects. Furthermore, during the trial, the identification of overkill provides crucial support for sentencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten years after the Ferguson uprising, five years after 'The 1619 Project' and four years after the murder of George Floyd, the racial reckoning that seemed at hand has largely [...]

Paraquat is a widely used non-selective herbicide in Indian agriculture. It has gained popularity for its misuse in suicidal poisoning, primarily because it lacks an antidote, and ingestion often leads to death. When examining the historical trends of pesticide-related suicidal poisonings in India, there is a noticeable transition from endrin, organophosphates and rodenticides to the current prevalent use of paraquat. This review delves into globally reported cases of homicidal paraquat poisonings, which are sporadically reported in India as well, although not published in mainstream academia. Clinicians must remain vigilant in homicidal paraquat poisoning situations as there is often improper history at the time of presentation. Such cases typically present with some non-specific symptoms such as oral and pharyngeal burns and appear like any other typical acute gastroenteritis or a flu-like illness which ultimately leads to death as a result of pulmonary complications. At the same time, forensic pathologists need to be well versed in the characteristic autopsy findings and analytical toxicology considerations of paraquat-induced criminal poisoning, given the occasional incidents in India. The use of paraquat as a weapon in poisoning cases is a significant public health concern that underscores the need for a ban on paraquat in India.

The article analyses how Catalan separatism used the murder of the Russian Governor-General of Finland, Nikolai Bobrikov, in 1906 to establish a parallel between Finland/Catalonia and the Russian Empire/Spain, to transfer through a play an imaginary of combat against the Civil Government of Barcelona. The use of this episode of Finnish history through a play was part of Catalan nationalism's continued will to find external models and to use relevant moments of other European nationalist movements to explain itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certainty is a cornerstone of every criminal justice system. In instances where controversy arises as to the application of any law, it is essential for it to be addressed promptly. Contrary to this need for certainty, there is judicial ambiguity regarding the mens rea for the offence of attempted murder in Botswana. There are cases which hold that the mens rea required is a specific intention to kill, and that nothing else suffices. However, some cases hold that an intention to cause grievous harm and recklessness are also sufficient. Unfortunately, the Court of Appeal, the apex court in Botswana, has made decisions that support each of these divergent positions. This article addresses the controversy of the mens rea for attempted murder in Botswana and argues that the Court of Appeal should resolve the issue by specifically overruling some of its previous decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article 2 of the 1984 Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) obligates states to take measures to prevent torture. While many states have provisions that prohibit torture, in most cases these do not align with the jurisprudential anti-torture framework required by UNCAT. Before the advent of the Anti-Torture Act, the Nigerian 1999 Constitution prohibited torture, but it was not a crime per se. Any act or omission that constituted torture usually fell under the heading of a civil claim and could also be prosecuted under the criminal or the penal code. However, most cases were prosecuted as grievous bodily harm, attempted murder, assault or murder. The 1999 Constitution failed to detail what constituted torture; in fact, the use of torture did not diminish under the Constitution. To fully apprehend the present situation in Nigeria, it is important to understand the legislative framework and its compatibility with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner femicide has caused growing concern in Italy, as instances continue to occur frequently. The Italian legislature has a long history of legislation that failed to protect women from violence, especially within their family units. Despite significant improvements to legislation over the last few decades, the problem of intimate partner femicide persists. This Note focuses on the failures of the penal code and accompanying statutes in preventing intimate partner femicide. The proposal is for legislation that will impose higher sentences for intimate partner homicide, remove judicial discretion in sentencing procedures, and require anti‐violence and gender equality education in schools. Key points for the family court community: Giulia Tramontano was a 29 year old pregnant woman who was murdered by her boyfriend in Italy.A recent study has noted that 82% of murders of women in Italy are committed by their current or former partners.2022 saw over 60 intimate partner femicides, while in 2023 61 women were victims of intimate partner femicide in Italy.In 2019, the "Red Code" was introduced by the Italian legislature in an effort to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence and intimate partner homicide.Modifications were enacted by the Italian Parliament in late 2023 to attempt to fill gaps in previous domestic violence legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape followed by murder against children and adolescents is one of the most serious existing crimes. The autopsies of victims of violent crimes can provide fundamental findings for the investigative process and the pursuit of justice. This research conducts a descriptive analysis of the most important findings from the autopsies of 27 cases of children and adolescents who died in Chile between 1998 and 2021 as a result of rape followed by homicide (n = 27), as well as from the judiciary rulings of these cases to gather information related to the perpetrators. It was found that the victims of this crime are mostly girls with an average age of 10, while the perpetrators are primarily single men aged 29 on average, most of whom have not finished high school. A significant relationship was found between the location of the crime and the cause of death and signs of sexual contact, the marital status of the perpetrator and the cause of death, the age of the perpetrator and signs of sexual contact, and the relationship between victim and perpetrator and signs of sexual contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual homicides (SHs) demand nuanced research for effective prevention, treatment, risk assessment and theoretical insights. Intimate‐partner sexual homicides (IPSHs), comprising approximately 20% of SHs, have received limited attention. This study compares IPSHs (n = 56) and non‐intimate partner sexual homicides (NIPSHs) (n = 236) in Australia and New Zealand by investigating offender, victim, and crime‐scene characteristics. While IPSH perpetrators were typically older, separated, and had prior domestic violence convictions, victims were more often non‐white with histories of domestic violence and substance use. Although crime‐scene locations and post‐offence behaviours differed, similar crime scene behaviours were displayed across offender groups, which seemed to be routed in different underlying motives. Whereas drivers of IPSH commonly were grievance and anger, associated with offences occurring after arguments, drivers for NIPSH were more often sexual deviance and sadism. Overall, IPSH encompasses aspects of domestic violence, homicide, and sexual violence, distinguishing it from SH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homicide involving multiple victims is relatively rare in England and Wales. When it does occur, mental illness is assumed to have played a significant role. However, reliable evidence to support this is often lacking. We aimed to describe the prevalence of multiple homicide and its subgroups: serial murder, mass murder and familicide and the presence of mental disorder. Data were obtained from the Home Office, HM Court Service, the Police National Computer and NHS Trusts. In England and Wales 470 killed multiple victims between 1997 and 2018. Most did not have evidence of mental health symptoms at the time of offence (85%) or a recorded history of mental disorder (69%). Mental disorder was also not found in most serial homicides (90%), mass murders (94%), or familicides (70%). A tenth of all multiple homicide perpetrators had been under the care of mental health services a year before the incident. This finding challenges commonly held views about mental disorders and the stigma that is perpetuated when multiple-victim homicides occur. Low prevalence and low levels of contact with mental health services make preventing multiple homicide difficult. Reducing violence across society by adopting a multi-agency public health approach is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This article explores the notion of domestic violence in one of the most media-rich debates around transgender issues in Russia. Anzhela Likina's murder brought a lot of attention of various outlets from the social media to the federal TV channels. I aim to queer this very notion basing my critique on the case of her murder and the debate that followed afterwards. Methods: I analyse the discourse on family violence as it is given in the publications about the murder of Likina and comments under these publications. I identified 82 media reports on the murder and the following trial. My approach to the reading of these reports, comments and a TV-programme is discourse analysis. Hence, I am looking at power relations which constituted these narratives. Results: In February 2016 Anzhela was stabbed to death by the partner of her ex-wife Gulnara. The murderer built his defence arguing that he killed Anzhela to punish her for beating Gulnara. A detailed look at the media publications reflects that this was a narrative strategy to get a lighter sentence. In turn Anzhela's mother and sister accused Gulnara of being violent to Anzhela and their two daughters which constitutes another facet of family violence narratives. Based on my analysis of media reports I argue that domestic violence is instrumentalised as a narrative justification for further violence. Conclusions: I uncover the various kinds of violence that Anzhela had to endure on different levels: state violence, societal violence, police violence, domestic violence, and media violence towards her both while she was alive and after her murder. These various kinds of violence amplify one another as the analysis of discourse around them shows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The killing of a human being by his or her fellow beats rational imagination. It becomes extremely difficult to comprehend the rationale that makes individuals become deliberately responsible for the death of their kind. Murder is a baffling issue that poses a significant threat to humanity and highlights the challenges to civilization and societal development. Its ongoing presence questions the overall health of any society. This paper examines the reasons murderers in prisons provide for their actions, using strain and social disorganization theories as a framework. Semi-structured questionnaires were given to 615 convicted violent offenders in four Niger State prisons, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Additionally, sixteen prison warders were interviewed for further insights. The findings indicate that low income (P= .934) was not statistically significant at (P= 0.05) level of significance for the explanation of murder unless redolent with peer pressure (p= 0.02). Special loan packages and partnerships for and between members of the community are suggested to be instituted and encouraged to reduce the pangs of hard economic situations and lack of social capital, which are also potent factors for the explanation of murder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research comparing sexual homicide (SH) and non-sexual homicide (NSH) has been rare outside North America and Europe and has contributed to addressing whether SH is primarily a sexual or homicide offence or a hybrid. This case–control study compared 142 SH and 142 NSH cases from Australia and New Zealand. Bivariate analyses indicated SH offenders more often had sexual problems, lacked intimacy, and appeared more prosocial, had less serious mental health problems, with lifestyles giving opportunities to access victims. Planning rather than reacting, sexual fantasies and arousal, time, and isolation to interact with victims privately, control of victims and crime scenes, lack of remorse, reliving the experience later, preventing detection, and more intrusive, intimate, and sadistic interactions characterised SH offences. Victims were more likely to be strangers, unrelated, single, and living alone. We developed multivariate models to predict SH, with the final model including: offender single, with a sexual disorder, but not a substance use disorder or major mental illness; offence long in duration, with expressive physical violence and unusual or ritualistic features, against a stranger, in an isolated location. These results are consistent with previous studies and indicate SH is different from NSH, supporting differential practice with SH. However, the findings could primarily reflect the over representation of sexual sadism in SH and the over representation of intimate partner victims in NSH. Future research needs to consider the heterogeneity of SH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioural differences between murder and manslaughter have rarely been empirically assessed. By examining real-world data, assessment of this type helps ensure that the legal classification and sentencing framework aligns with the nuances of criminal behaviour and contributes to just outcomes. Additionally, empirical assessment of differences between offence types provides an inclusionary/exclusionary basis in the pooling of samples. This study examined the relationships between demographic and crime-scene behaviours with conviction outcome (i.e. either murder or manslaughter) in 253 New Zealand homicides. Premeditated intent to kill was highly associated with murder as the conviction outcome; however, lower levels of premeditation were not. Other significant predictors were primarily those of a mitigating nature; a victim provoking an attacker or an offender attempting to save the victim were observed to potentially reduce the likelihood of a murder conviction, while aggravating factors such as the use of a weapon increased this likelihood. Most variables did not significantly predict conviction outcome for either homicide type, indicating these types of crimes are perhaps more similar than they are different. Overall, this study helped reveal an intricate interplay of factors which impact on homicide conviction outcomes, shedding light on the decision-making process within the criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major part of the History of Jahangosha is about the Mongols and their wars, conquests, destructions, killings, and looting in Iran, which was written by Joveyni in beautiful technical prose. Joveyni was not just a narrator, but with the power of his pen, he depicted events and scenes for the reader like a powerful painter. In this study, based on library research and using a descriptive-analytical method, Joveyni’s depiction of the violence and killing of Mongols in the History of Jahangosha has been investigated. The purpose of the study is to show the artistic methods of Joveyni in depicting and accurately and effectively conveying the crimes of bloodthirsty Mongols. The findings of the research show that Joveyni presented accurate descriptions and images of the characteristics of the Mongol army, murders, looting, and destruction caused by the devastating attacks of the Mongols with the appropriate and accurate use of imagery, simile, irony, and metaphor, respectively. The images of the History of Jahangosha are generally alive and dynamic. The harmony of images and fantasy elements with the theme and content of the work is well respected. The use of specific and related words is another technique used to depict the violence of the Mongols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mariana Callejas (1932–2016) was an award-winning Chilean writer, active during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship. At the same time, she and her husband, the American Michael Townley, were agents of the DINA, the Chilean intelligence service dedicated to the repression of opponents to the dictatorship. The couple was involved in several political crimes in Chile and particularly abroad, including the murder of former Unidad Popular Minister Orlando Letelier in 1976 in Washington DC. In 1995, Callejas wrote her memoirs and, after that, several fictional or semi-fictional works were published that had leading characters inspired by her. This article focuses on her autobiographical book and three fictional pieces written by leading Chilean writers (Pedro Lemebel, Roberto Bolaño, and Carlos Iturra) with a dual purpose. On the one hand, it analyses how different authors (including Callejas herself) use characters inspired by Callejas to conceptualise the relationship between literature and horror during the years of Pinochet's dictatorship. On the other hand, the article studies how these writings thematise the tension existing in Chilean society (particularly among certain intellectual circles) between knowing, not knowing, and not wanting to know what was going on under the Pinochet regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about capital punishment in Fiji in the context of indenture. This paper examines cases of condemned Indians who migrated as indentured labourers (girmitiyas). It compiles and analyses statistics and accounts pertaining to crimes of murder and the penalty of execution from 1886 to 1919. When these data are situated within a relevant social, historical, and cultural context, it becomes possible to dispel colonial myths about condemned girmitiyas. My intention is not to condone the act of murder, but to understand how this crime was triggered by interlocking social, cultural, and circumstantial factors. Indian patriarchal ideologies and stereotypes, displacement resulting from the journey across the kala pani (black water), unsatisfactory living conditions, the struggle to maintain a stable family life, exploitation by overseers and sardars, and feuds among Europeans and wealthy Indians are some root causes of homicide and 'wife-murder' during the years of indenture. The article concludes with glimpses of condemned Indian reactions to the sentence of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that, in Richard Wright's Native Son (1940), Boris Max's pronouncement to his client, "This thing's bigger than you," indicates not only the aporetic status of Black being—and ultimately, all singularities—in modernity but also the process through which this hard knot can begin to be unraveled. The communist lawyer at once identifies his client with Mary Dalton's murder and its aftermath ("This thing's Bigger") and, through the identification, seems to miss the singularity of his being ("bigger than you"). The double gesture repeats Karl Marx's identification of the proletariat as the particularity that encompasses the "concrete universal." Condensed in Max's speech act, Wright's argument turns Marx's characterization of capitalist modernity into one of diasporic modernity. In several of his texts, Wright indicates that, while the modern era promised the emergence of this self-determining, rational being, the birth was aborted by the "tragic error" of the African slave trade and the consequent forms of bad faith that are characteristic of modern racial identities. This history of bad faith has prevented the actualization of modernity's promise; with Boris Max's formula for Bigger's aporetic being, Wright seeks to precipitate modernity's second coming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Butterabbey gravesite is significant for its evidence of Aboriginal peoples' resistance to colonial pastoral expansion and the dispossession of land and water sources in Western Australia. It is also significant to the case of R v Mumbleby and Belo (1865) which exemplifies the experiences of Aboriginal women defendants in nineteenth-century Western Australia whose experiences in the criminal justice system were different to both non-Indigenous women and Indigenous men. This paper analyses the case of R v Mumbleby and Belo within its historical context of frontier violence to reveal the treatment of Aboriginal women accused of homicide, and determine the power struggles at play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence involves abuse imposed on one partner by another to establish power or to induce pleasure. The Power and Control Wheel educates both the victims and abusers about abusive behavior governing domestic violence. Abir Mukherjee's Death in the East (2019) narrates the story of Captain Wyndham, the protagonist, who is on a quest to get rid of his opium addiction in Assam. He meets a person from his past, Caine/Carter, who is accused of murder. Wyndham decides to arrest Carter, but he finds out that Carter has been murdered. Wyndham and Sergeant Surrender-not Banerjee, camaraderie, try to solve the murder mystery, which eventually allows them to reveal the hidden truth. In recent years, the evidence of domestic abuse has been presented in cases such as the defamation case between Johnny Depp and Amber Heard. This case signifies the importance of this study. This paper tries to address intimate partner violence predominantly exists in society through the novel, Death in the East, and throws light on domestic violence as a social misconduct through the lens of the Duluth Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to share a teaching exercise on corporate deviance and an assessment of its effectiveness. A pre/posttest survey was utilized to investigate the impact of the exercise on student attitudes concerning corporate deviance. In particular, the project was intended to teach students about the serious nature of corporate crimes. While Americans think corporate crime is a serious issue, they tend to resist giving harsh penalties to corporate criminals. This exercise illustrated that even when corporations commit serial murder, they often get light punishments compared to those individuals who have committed similar crimes. Ultimately, the purpose of the exercise was to illustrate the disparity in punishment for similar crimes. The assessment of the exercise indicated support for our hypotheses. There was an increase in the percentage of students that think corporate deviance should be treated more similarly to street crime from the pre to the posttest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)