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Background: Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that can impact the academic performance and well-being of college students, particularly those in healthcare programs. While both muscle energy technique (MET) and Pilates have shown promise in treating non-specific neck pain, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and deep neck flexor strength in physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain. Objectives: The objective was to assess the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and neck flexor strength using the painDETECT Questionnaire and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire. Methodology: A total of 32 physiotherapy students were divided into two groups: Group A (Pilates, n = 16) and Group B (MET, n = 16). The painDETECT Questionnaire, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and pressure biofeedback were used to assess pain, disability, and neck flexor strength. Both groups underwent a 3-week intervention, with three sessions per week. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, disability, and neck flexor strength (p < 0.05). The MET group had a slightly greater reduction in pain (− 13.51%) compared to Pilates (− 11.27%), while the Pilates group showed marginally better improvement in disability (− 48.00% vs. − 46.53%). Conclusion: MET and Pilates are both effective in reducing pain, improving disability, and enhancing deep neck flexor strength in students with non-specific neck pain. Both interventions present viable treatment options for managing neck pain in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the impact of muscle energy technique (MET) combined with static stretching technique (SPS) on knee joint function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods Eighty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between December 2021 and March 2023 in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzhong Central Hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). The control group received conventional rehabilitation training, including Kaltenborn joint mobilization, strength training, ultrasound therapy, and wax therapy. The experimental group received MET and SPS in addition to the conventional therapy. Knee joint function scores (FAC, IKDC, and HSS), active range of motion (AROM), pain score (VAS), self-efficacy (GSES), and kinesiophobia (TSK) were evaluated before and after treatment. Imaging assessments, including ultrasound and MRI, were conducted. Results Compared to pre-treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in HSS, IKDC, and FAC scores, as well as AROM. VAS scores decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the control group (P＜0.05). GSES scores increased and TSK scores decreased significantly in both groups post-treatment (P＜0.05), with the experimental group showing superior outcomes compared to the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in quadriceps muscle blood flow (MBF) between the two groups pre-treatment (P＞0.05). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in MBF post-treatment (P＜0.05), with the experimental group showing a significantly greater increase than the control group (P＜0.05). Imaging findings from MRI indicated that SPS combined with MET is safe for reconstructed ligaments and does not cause secondary damage to the postoperative knee joint. Conclusion The combination of SPS and MET effectively alleviates knee pain, improves knee function and stability, and enhances patient compliance with rehabilitation exercises after ACL reconstruction. These techniques are safe and effective in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The piriformis muscle, an integral component of the deep gluteal region, exhibits a distinctive anatomical arrangement, coursing from the anterior sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur. Piriformis Syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the irritation of the sciatic nerve due to anatomical variations or dynamic factors involving piriformis muscle which commonly affects between the age group of 30 and 60, although can occur in younger individuals. It is more common in women than in men. Objective: The aim of this case study was to evaluate the effect of Muscle Energy Technique in a patient with Piriformis syndrome. Method: A 25-year-old female diagnosed with Piriformis syndrome underwent physiotherapy intervention for six weeks involving MET along with conventional physiotherapy(stretching, strengthening, moist heat pack) focusing on pain, range of motion (ROM) of Hip joint, and function of lower limb. The outcomes were measured using Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Hip Joint Goniometry and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Results: The scores improved significantly for all three outcome measures indicating a reduction in pain, improvement in Hip joint range of motion and function of the lower extremity . Conclusion: Piriformis syndrome is a debilitating condition that can significantly influence one's quality of life. This case report suggests that Muscle Energy Technique is beneficial in reducing pain, improving Hip ROM and enhancing function of lower extremity in patients suffering from this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that can impact the academic performance and well-being of college students, particularly those in healthcare programs. While both muscle energy technique (MET) and Pilates have shown promise in treating non-specific neck pain, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Aims This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and deep neck flexor strength in physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain. Objectives The objective was to assess the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and neck flexor strength using the painDETECT Questionnaire and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire. Methodology A total of 32 physiotherapy students were divided into two groups: Group A (Pilates, n = 16) and Group B (MET, n = 16). The painDETECT Questionnaire, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and pressure biofeedback were used to assess pain, disability, and neck flexor strength. Both groups underwent a 3-week intervention, with three sessions per week. Results Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, disability, and neck flexor strength (p

Objective: To assess the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) in combination with conventional physical therapy compared to conventional physical therapy alone following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Institute of Regenerative Medicine (IRM), Islamabad, Pakistan, for a time duration of 11 months from September 2022 to July 2023. Using non-probability purposive sampling, patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Three treatment sessions per week for two weeks, lasting thirty minutes each, were administered with follow-up after one month. Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, ROM, were used to assess the Pain, functional status, and Range of motion. Within Group-Analysis was done using Friedman with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while Mann-Whitney U-tests determined inter-group differences. Results: With-in Group-Analysis, showed statistically significant (p<0.05) at baseline, after one week, after two weeks, and after one month follow up in both the muscle energy technique (MET) Group-And conventional therapy group for NPRS, KNEE FLEXION ROM, and WOMAC. Between-Group-Analysis, also showed significant (p<0.05) for knee pain and WOMAC scores. Conclusions: Both groups are effective for improving knee pain, and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, MET Group along with conventional therapy showed marked effects on improving knee pain, knee flexion ROM, and functional limitations after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hamstring is the two-joint muscle, located on the posterior aspect of the thigh. The tightness of the hamstring muscle is more common than the other skeletal muscle. Lack of hamstring flexibility leads to postural changes and reduces muscle strength and length. To improve hamstring flexibility, muscle energy technique and self-myofascial release are effective. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of muscle energy technique versus self-myofascial release by using a foam roller to improve hamstring flexibility in young individuals. Methods: 30 subjects were selected according to inclusive and exclusive criteria and they were divided into two groups, Group A treated with a self-myofascial release technique, and Group Was treated with a muscle energy technique. Results: To compare both groups, an unpaired t-test was used. The post-intervention value of flexibility in Group A is 8.4 and in Group B is 12.8. There is a significant difference between Group A and Group B for flexibility. According to the results, both techniques are effective but as a comparison, Group B i.e. muscle energy technique is more effective than Group A self-myofascial release. Conclusion: The muscle energy technique is more helpful in improving hamstring flexibility as per comparison to SMFR by using a foam roller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: According to the Global Burden of Disease Study the prevalence of stroke worldwide has significantly increased from 1990 to 2019, making it the second leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately 70%–80% of stroke patients are unable to live independently due to disability. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with muscle energy technique (MET) on post-stroke dysphagia. METHODS: A total of 122 stroke patients with dysphagia admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were divided into the control group (n = 61) and the study group (n = 61). Patients in the control group received conventional rehabilitation plans, while those in the study group were given a combined therapy of MET and PNF. Standard Swallowing Function Assessment Scale (SSA), Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS), Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) scores, Water Swallow Test (WST) grading, and efficacy indicators were compared between two group with t -tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability test. RESULTS: After treatment, the study group showed lower SSA score (P = 0.036), and VFSS, P = 0.013 than the control group. The changes in SSA score (P = 0.013) and VFSS score (P < 0.001) in the study group were greater than the control group. Furthermore, after treatment, both the study group and the control group showed a decrease in WST grading (P < 0.001); and the degree of post-treatment WST grading decline in the study group was higher (P = 0.009). Besides, after treatment, the SWAL-QOL score of the study group was higher than the control group (P < 0.001); and the effective rate of patients in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional rehabilitative training strategies, PNF combined with MET can effectively improve swallowing function, and enhance the quality of life in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain in the sacroiliac joint is the most prevalent and often overlooked. The sacroiliac joints are thought to be sources of pain in roughly 10% to 25% of patients with chronic lower back pain. Due to the biomechanical nature of the joint, muscle imbalance is the most important cause of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The hamstring and gluteus medius are the primary muscles involved in postural dysfunction-related muscle imbalance; however, the quadratus lumborum's role in the compensatory mechanism is becoming more apparent, and its potential for treatment in conjunction with gluteus medius strengthening has not yet been investigated. Gluteus medius exercises, along with conventional treatment, are routinely given to patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction; however, the aim of this study is to explore the additional effects of the muscle energy technique (MET) on the quadratus lumborum along with strengthening of the gluteus medius on pain, disability and quality of life of patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Methods: Using a computer-generated random number table, seventy patients with unilateral sacroiliac joint pain were divided equally and randomly into two groups. Prior to initiating treatment, baseline measurements were taken using a hand-held dynamometer, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI-U) and short form 36-item survey (SF-36v2) to assess strength, pain, functional disability and quality of life, respectively. Over the course of four weeks, all patients received twelve sessions, and both the pre- and post-intervention outcome measures were documented. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups showed statistically significant (p < 0.005) mean improvements in muscle strength, pain, disability and quality of life before and after intervention. However, the mean improvements in post-intervention on a dynamometer, VAS, ODI and SF-36 were better in the MET with exercise group (METGME) as compared to the conventional group with exercise (CTGME), with a larger effect size. Conclusions: The muscle energy technique, applied to the quadratus lumborum in combination with gluteus medius strengthening, is more effective clinically and significantly in improving pain, disability and quality of life in comparison to conventional treatment of sacroiliac joints with gluteus medius exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glenohumeral impingement is one of the common clinical conditions among the overhead athletes. Elite swimmers develop impingement at the glenohumeral joint due to overuse injuries. This type of impingement is due to lack of muscle strength, demanding training session and altered flexibility. Muscle energy technique and positional release therapy are two different manual therapy interventions that may improve joint range and glenohumeral function. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of positional release therapy and muscle energy technique on glenohumeral impingement among the elite swimmers. Methods: The study included about 40 elite swimmers in which group A (n=20) received positional release therapy with strengthening exercise and group B (n=20) received muscle energy technique with strengthening exercise. The intervention was given for the duration of 4 weeks and the outcome measures used were numerical pain rating scale, range of motion of the glenohumeral joint and the shoulder pain and disability index. Results: The results of the present study were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The pre and post-test values were taken. The results from analysis shows both groups shows statistically significant improvement but group A show highly significant improvement in reducing pain, improving range of motion and shoulder functional ability comparing to group B, 'p' value < 0.05 Conclusion: The study concluded that positional release therapy was effective clinically and statistically shows significant improvement in reducing pain, improving Glenohumeral range of motion and shoulder function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background of the Study: Low back pain is one of the most common health problem and 80% of people experiences low back pain in their lifetime. Majority of low back pain is due to the muscle imbalance. Muscle imbalance occurs due to shortened or lengthened in structure and it leads to injury which causes changes in motor programming. Objectives: To compare the effects of Muscle Energy Technique, Positional Release Technique and Conventional Therapy on improving pain, range of motion and functional ability in patients with mechanical low back pain. Subjects and Methods: Twenty four patients of complaining of mechanical low back pain participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated using computer generator software into three groups: group A which received Muscle Energy Technique, group B which received Positional Release Technique and group C which received Conventional Therapy. Treatment sessions were given three times per week for three weeks. Patients were assessed before and after treatment using Numerical Pain Rating Scale(NPRS),Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI), and Modified Schobers Test to assess pain severity, functional ability, and range of motion of lumbar spine respectively. Results: Based on this statistical analysis, Group A showed better statistically significance in NPRS,MODI and ROM mean values as compared to Group B and C. Hence alternate hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. This we conclude that Muscle Energy Technique is more beneficial compared to Positional Release Technique and Conventional Therapy group. Conclusion: Muscle Energy Technique and Conventional therapy group shows significant improvement on Pain and Lumbar Extension Range of Motion compared to Positional Release Technique, whereas there was no significant difference in MODI on Muscle Energy Technique, Positional Release Technique and Conventional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hamstring tightness is a common issue among young athletes and can lead to injuries and reduced performance. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET), specifically Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR) and Post-Facilitation Stretch (PFS), with Hamstring Nordic Lower (HNL) training in addressing hamstring tightness and improving agility run test. Methods: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial with a crossover design was conducted having trial registration number NCT06012344. Sixty young athletes of provincial club with hamstring tightness were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (PIR, PFS, HNL), Group B (PFS, HNL, PIR), and Group C (HNL, PIR, PFS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Results: Both PIR and PFS interventions demonstrated significant improvements in hamstring flexibility and physical performance measured in context to agility run test with significant improvement. PFS shows more significant improvement followed by PIR and least improvement showed by HNL. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PFS shows more significant improvement followed by PIR interventions, as part of Muscle Energy Technique, are effective in releasing hamstring tightness and improving physical performance in young athletes. However, HNL training alone did not show superior effectiveness compared to the MET techniques. These results provide valuable insights for clinicians and sports professionals in designing interventions for hamstring tightness in young athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Pain in the lower back is a major concern in today’s era due to prolonged sitting in two-wheeler riders, mainly due to hamstring tightness. It also creates physical disability and impairment in activities of daily living. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and self-myofascial release (SMFR) using the foam roller on hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance, and physical disability amongst two-wheeler riders with chronic low back pain (LBP). Participants were randomized into two intervention groups, MET and SMFR using the envelope method, with each group having 20 participants. Hamstring flexibility and range of motion for knee extension and the lower back were assessed using the active knee extension test (AKE-L and AKE-R) and sit and reach test (SRT), while the dynamic balance was assessed by the star excursion balance test (SEBT) and physical disability by Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire, (RMDQ). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. This study demonstrated that both SMFR using a foam roller and MET are effective in enhancing hamstring muscle flexibility, (SRT—F(1, 38) = 299.5, p

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the twenty-first century with multifactorial impact including high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as increased healthcare costs. It is associated with musculoskeletal complications, with frozen shoulder being commonly reported. While low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and muscle energy technique (MET) are commonly used to manage this condition, there remains a lack of agreement on the most effective approach, with limited research available on their comparative efficacy. Objectives To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. Methods This is a single-centre, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with three parallel groups to be conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sixty diabetic patients with frozen shoulder will be randomly assigned into LLLT group, MET group, or control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All the groups will receive treatment three times weekly for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be shoulder function and the secondary outcomes will include pain intensity, shoulder ROM, interleukin-6 (IL-6), depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL). All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at post 8-week intervention, and at 3 months follow-up. Discussion This will be the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET on both clinical and psychological parameters among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. The findings of the study may provide evidence on the efficacy of these interventions and most likely, the optimal treatment approach for frozen shoulder related to diabetes, which may guide clinical practice. Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202208562111554). Registered on August 10, 2022.

Background: Neck pain is common and two common treatments for non-specific neck discomfort are Strain Counter Strain (SCS) and Muscle Energy Technique (MET). The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well MET and SCS work to treat non-specific neck pain. Methods: Sixty-two participants with non-specific. Neck discomfort was branched into two groups (A and B). Group “A” received MET with the SCS approach, while Group “B” received MET alongside traditional Physiotherapy. Interventions were administered three times a week for two weeks. Outcome measures such as the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Range of Motion ( ROM) were assessed before and after each session and at the beginning and end of both weeks. Result: Pain, neck disability index and cervical range of motion all significantly improved in both groups. After the intervention, one week later and two weeks later, both groups’ flexion and extension range of motion showed statistically significant improvements. At the end of the first or second week, there were no appreciable changes in the right-side lateral flexion, right-side rotation or left-side lateral flexion. Nonetheless, following one or two weeks of intervention, left-side rotation demonstrated a notable improvement. Conclusion: MET combined with SCS demonstrated superiority in reducing pain, alleviating cervical impairment and enhancing range of. motion of the cervical spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain in the lower back is a major concern in today’s era due to prolonged sitting in two-wheeler riders, mainly due to hamstring tightness. It also creates physical disability and impairment in activities of daily living. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and self-myofascial release (SMFR) using the foam roller on hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance, and physical disability amongst two-wheeler riders with chronic low back pain (LBP). Participants were randomized into two intervention groups, MET and SMFR using the envelope method, with each group having 20 participants. Hamstring flexibility and range of motion for knee extension and the lower back were assessed using the active knee extension test (AKE-L and AKE-R) and sit and reach test (SRT), while the dynamic balance was assessed by the star excursion balance test (SEBT) and physical disability by Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire, (RMDQ). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. This study demonstrated that both SMFR using a foam roller and MET are effective in enhancing hamstring muscle flexibility, (SRT—F(1, 38) = 299.5, p < 0.001; AKE-R—F(1, 38) = 99.53, p < 0.001; AKE-L—F(1, 38) = 89.67, p < 0.001). Additionally, these techniques significantly improved dynamic balance in various directions, including anterior (ANT), anteromedial (AMED), medial (MED), posteromedial (PMED), posterior (POST), posterolateral (PLAT), lateral (LAT), and anterolateral (ALAT) directions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in physical disability (RMDQ—F(1, 38) = 1307, p < 0.001), among two-wheeler riders suffering from chronic LBP. Compared to MET, SMFR using foam rollers was found to be more effective in enhancing hamstring flexibility, improving balance, and decreasing disability level on the RMDQ after 4 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the twenty-first century with multifactorial impact including high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as increased healthcare costs. It is associated with musculoskeletal complications, with frozen shoulder being commonly reported. While low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and muscle energy technique (MET) are commonly used to manage this condition, there remains a lack of agreement on the most effective approach, with limited research available on their comparative efficacy. Objectives: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: This is a single-centre, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with three parallel groups to be conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sixty diabetic patients with frozen shoulder will be randomly assigned into LLLT group, MET group, or control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All the groups will receive treatment three times weekly for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be shoulder function and the secondary outcomes will include pain intensity, shoulder ROM, interleukin-6 (IL-6), depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL). All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at post 8-week intervention, and at 3 months follow-up. Discussion: This will be the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET on both clinical and psychological parameters among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. The findings of the study may provide evidence on the efficacy of these interventions and most likely, the optimal treatment approach for frozen shoulder related to diabetes, which may guide clinical practice. Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202208562111554). Registered on August 10, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions used in clinical trials for low back pain (LBP), and summarize knowledge gaps in assessing the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions for LBP. DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase were searched for trials from inception through April 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials were included if they described the use of manual therapy to treat LBP in adults 18 to 65 years old and were accessible in English. DATA SYNTHESIS: The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) checklist, used for exercise reporting, was previously modified for manual therapy reporting. This 11-item modified CERT was used to extract details of manual therapy reporting in the included trials. Frequency counts were calculated to identify items most and least commonly reported. RESULTS: Of 128 trials, none reported all 11 items of the modified CERT. The most commonly reported items were the description of how the application of manual therapy was decided (n = 113, 88.3%) and a description of adjunct interventions provided (n = 82, 64.1%). The least reported items were the description of an associated home program (n = 27, 21.1%) and a detailed description of the application of manual therapy (n = 22, 17.2%). CONCLUSION: Reporting of manual therapy interventions in trials investigating LBP was poor overall, limiting the reproducibility of these treatments. Using a checklist designed explicitly for manual therapy intervention reporting may improve reproducibility of these interventions and help align clinical outcomes with experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of Pilates exercise versus muscle energy technique (MET) along with Kinesio Taping (KT) in non-specific low back pain (LBP). METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from March 22 to September 14, 2022, at Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Research and Teaching Hospital, Johar Medicare Complex in Johar Town, Lahore, and Mayo Hospital and Jinnah Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Study involved 42 non-specific LBP patients randomly assigned to group A (MET with KT) and group B (Pilates exercise with KT) over eight weeks after interventions. Pain, disability index, and range of motion (ROM) were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks. Sessions were held twice a week, lasting 30-40 minutes each. RESULTS: Among 42 participants, 14 (33.3%) were male, and 28 (66.7%) were female, aged 18-40 years. Group B showed greater pain reduction than Group A (p

Background: Shoulder adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common musculoskeletal condition causing pain, loss of range of motion (ROM) in the shoulder, and a decrease in its functionality, yet poorly defined and understood since its identification. Kaltenborn mobilization technique (KMT) and muscle energy technique (MET) are commonly used physiotherapeutic techniques for their treatment. To the best of our understanding, there was no study found to compare the effectiveness of one technique over another. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of KMT and MET on the ROM, pain and function in subjects with chronic shoulder AC. Methods: In this single-centred, single-blinded quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design 35 subjects were randomized into two groups: Group A ([Formula: see text]) received KMT and Group B ([Formula: see text]) received MET along with the moist hot pack (MHP), supervised exercises and home exercises common to both the groups. A total of 32 subjects completed the study with three dropouts. Subjects were evaluated before and after 10 treatment sessions for the outcomes, shoulder external rotation passive range of motion (ER-PROM) and abduction passive range of motion (ABD-PROM) using the universal goniometer, intensity of pain using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and functional disability using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Results: Analysis of 32 subjects showed that both groups were homogenous at baseline. The within-group analysis showed significant improvement ([Formula: see text]) in both groups related to all the outcomes. But when we compared the groups, Group B showed significant ([Formula: see text]) improvement in NPRS and SPADI in comparison to Group A. However, there was non-significant ([Formula: see text]) difference found in ER-PROM and ABD-PROM. Conclusion: Both KMT and MET are effective in improving ROM, pain and function but MET showed a significant reduction of pain and improvement in function in subjects with chronic shoulder AC, thus supporting its use as a physiotherapeutic treatment technique.

Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem with a significant impact on individuals and society, leading to activity limitation and chronic pain. Quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle tightness can trigger symptoms of significant LBP. Muscle energy technique (MET), a gentle manual therapy for restricted motion in the spine and limbs, aims to induce muscle relaxation, reduce pain, and improve range of motion (ROM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MET on pain reduction and ROM improvement in chronic LBP subjects with lateral flexion restriction. Methods: This study was a randomized single-blind clinical trial. One hundred and two participants diagnosed with chronic LBP and lateral flexion restriction were randomly divided into two groups: Control (n=51) and intervention (n=51). The control group received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group was provided with a combination of conventional physiotherapy and MET (post-isometric relaxation). Pain and ROM were measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and a goniometer, respectively. Both groups were evaluated before and immediately after the treatment. Results: The results revealed a significant reduction in pain and improvement in ROM in both groups after the treatment. No significant differences were found in the mean pain scores between the two groups (P=0.77). However, the mean scores of ROM in the intervention group showed a significant difference compared to the control group (P≤0.001). Conclusion: MET combination with conventional physiotherapy significantly improves LBP and ROM of lateral flexion in chronic LBP subjects with lateral flexion restriction.

BACKGROUND: Muscle energy technique (MET) is found to be effective for the management of neck pain and in addition to the muscle specific approach, clinicians may also adopt movement specific approach for METs. However, the literature is deficient in terms of comparison of muscle specific and movement specific METs in the management of mechanical neck pain. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of muscle specific and movement specific METs in the management of mechanical neck pain. METHODS: A single blind parallel design randomized controlled trial was conducted on 66 participants with mechanical neck pain ranging from 40–80 mm on visual analogue scale (VAS), aged between 19–44 years with pain and limitation on cervical motion. Once included, the participants were randomly allocated to two groups, namely the muscle specific MET group and the movement specific MET group. Outcome measures included VAS, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and cervical range of motion (ROM). RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed, neither immediately nor after 5 days, between muscle specific and movement specific MET in terms of VAS, NDI and ROM. However, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in both groups in terms of pre- and post-analysis for all outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Both muscle specific and movement specific METs are effective in the management of mechanical neck pain, with no significant differences between the two treatment techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic Low Back Pain is a complex and multifactorial condition, often associated with muscular imbalances, trigger points, and myofascial restrictions. MRT focuses on releasing myofascial restrictions, while MET utilizes muscle contractions to normalize muscle length and improve joint mobility. Both techniques have shown promising results individually. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of myofascial release technique and muscle energy technique in reducing pain and improving functional activity in individuals with chronic low back pain. Material and Method: This is an experimental study done using purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria of age between 30 to 55, Patients who were diagnosed with chronic low back pain (Duration of at least 12 weeks). patients with history of Fractures and Musculoskeletal conditions were excluded. The sampling size of the study is (n=90) subjects for a period of 6 weeks [February 2023 to March 2023]. Results: The results revealed significant improvement of functional activity in patients with chronic low back pain. Conclusion: This study finally concluded that MRT is more effective than MET in reducing pain and improving functional activity for individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periarthritis shoulder is a shoulder ailment with no recognised cause. It gradually causes the shoulder's range of motion to be restricted. Between 2% and 3% of the general population suffer from adhesive shoulder capsulitis, which most frequently develops between the ages of 40-65 years. The region gradually thickens, leading to shoulder stiffness and increase in pain. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and Muscle energy technique in patients with periarthritis shoulder using SPADI and NPRS. Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Maitland mobilization group (n = 33) and Muscle Energy Technique group (n = 33). The subjects were assessed using SPADI and NPRS for pre and post-test values. The one group treated with Maitland mobilization (grade 1 and 2) were given to the patients along with some exercises. The other group were treated with muscle energy technique along with some exercises. These interventions were given for 4 weeks.The entire process was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023. Result: There was a significant improvement from pre-treatment levels in pain and ROM in Maitland mobilization group compared to muscle energy group. Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that there is a more significant increase in ROM and SPADI score, and a significant decrease in pain on NPRS by Maitland mobilization as compared with Muscle energy technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to 2012 data, the prevalence rate of OA in both rural and urban India was ranging from 33% to 46% of the older adult population where females were more affected than men. Participants with knee OA frequently need to perform strengthening exercises since they have weaker muscles due to decreased physical activity and pain tolerance. Purpose: The Purpose of the study is to find out the efficacy of Muscle energy technique and strengthening exercise in pain management to improve ROM in knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: This study included a sample of 196 between the age group of 45- 60 years were taken from Shri Shakthi's centre for pain relief and rehabilitation according to selection criteria for this experimental study which was divided into two groups, strengthening exercise group (n=98) and muscle energy technique group (n=98) . Interventions were given as 5 sessions a week and continued for 2 weeks. Study period: March 2023 to July 2023. Result: The Pre-test and post-test values were analysed, pain score was decreased and functional outcome was improved significantly in strengthening exercise groups when compared to muscle energy technique. Conclusion: The study shows that strengthening exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults is more effective than muscle energy technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An approach known as Kinesio-taping will be used to support the knee joint and muscle. MET is a sort of manual therapy that uses moderate isometric contractions to relax the muscles and reduces discomfort, stress and strain. It also prevents knee instability by enhancing quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and function in patients with OA knees. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of Kinesio-taping and muscle energy techniques for pain and function in terms of NPRS and KOOS in subjects with OA knee. Methodology: Forty osteoarthritis patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (A or B). Group A (n=20) will receive Kinesio-taping and (MET) post-isometric relaxation for the hamstring, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles along with interferential therapy. Group B (n=20) will receive knee strengthening exercises for both hamstring and quadriceps and interferential therapy for a period of thrice a week for 6 weeks. The NPRS (numerical pain rating scale) and KOOS (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score) were used to assess pain and functional improvement before and after the tests. Results: Group A showed a significant mean difference (P = >0.001) between the NPRS and KOOS. Hence Group-A Kinesio-taping and muscle energy technique along with IFT are significant in treating individuals with pain and function in Osteoarthritis of the knee. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Kinesio-taping and MET (post isometric relaxation) with IFT (Group A) shows effectiveness in improving the pain and function in the OA knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) on pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD). Forty-two CLBP patients with LLD volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to the MET group (n = 21) and placebo group (n = 21). The intervention group performed three METs with 5 s of isometric contraction and 30 s of rest once, and the placebo group performed three times the placebo-MET, maintaining the same posture as the MET group without muscle isometric contraction. X-ray equipment, tape measure, and visual analog scale were used to evaluate pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue before and after each intervention. In comparison pre- and postintervention, only the MET group showed significant changes in pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue (p < 0.05). In comparison between groups, there were significant differences in all variables (pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, fatigue) (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirmed the therapeutic effect of MET for improving pelvic alignment, functional LLD, pain, and fatigue in CLBP patients with functional LLD. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect on more chronic low back pain patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-specific neck pain is a common neuromusculoskeletal problem and affects about two thirds of people worldwide. Purpose: To find out the efficacy of the combination therapy in individuals with non-specific neck pain. Case: The intervention was given in 12 sessions (3 times per week for 4 weeks) with the total duration of therapy per session is 20 minutes. The sequence of interventions includes: ultrasound therapy, application of muscle energy techniques, and SNAGs mobilization. Evaluation of therapy in the form of pain was measured by a visual analogue scale and the range of motion of the cervical spine’s lateral flexion was measured by a goniometer. Result: The results of the case series showed a decrease in pain scores from an average of 5.67 to 2.73. In the range of motion of the cervical spine’s lateral flexion there was an increase from an average of 30 degrees to 36 degrees. Conclusion: The combination of ultrasound therapy, muscle energy technique, and sustained natural apophyseal glides provided benefits in reducing pain and increasing the range of motion of the cervical spine’s lateral flexion in individuals with non-specific neck pain. This case series can be used as a preliminary study to develop further research with experimental methods in proving the effectiveness of the combination therapy in treating non-specific neck pain.

Objectives: To compare the effects of muscle energy technique and counterstrain technique on pain, functional status, and satisfaction level in patients with plantar fasciitis. Material and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from May to November 2022. A total of 66 patients were recruited using the purposive sampling technique. Clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis of age 20-50 years, both gender and history of pain=4 weeks were randomly allocated into two groups. The muscle energy technique was applied to Group A and the Counterstrain technique was given to Group B with routine physiotherapy. Outcomes measured were Visual Analog Scales for pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for functional level, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 for satisfaction level. The assessment was conducted at baseline, 1st, and 2nd week. Independent t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA were used for between and within-group differences respectively with p=0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed no significant difference between Group A and Group B in pain (p=0.245), functional status (ADL: p=0.862, Sport: p=0.092), and satisfaction level (p=0.108). However, significant within-group difference was observed with pain (p=0.000), functional status (p=0.000), and general satisfaction level (p=0.000). Conclusion: Muscle Energy and Counterstrain Technique are equally beneficial in decreasing pain, and enhancing the functional status and patient satisfaction levels in plantar fasciitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem with a significant impact on individuals and society, leading to activity limitation and chronic pain. Quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle tightness can trigger symptoms of significant LBP. Muscle energy technique (MET), a gentle manual therapy for restricted motion in the spine and limbs, aims to induce muscle relaxation, reduce pain, and improve range of motion (ROM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MET on pain reduction and ROM improvement in chronic LBP subjects with lateral flexion restriction. Methods: This study was a randomized single-blind clinical trial. One hundred and two participants diagnosed with chronic LBP and lateral flexion restriction were randomly divided into two groups: Control (n=51) and intervention (n=51). The control group received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group was provided with a combination of conventional physiotherapy and MET (post-isometric relaxation). Pain and ROM were measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and a goniometer, respectively. Both groups were evaluated before and immediately after the treatment. Results: The results revealed a significant reduction in pain and improvement in ROM in both groups after the treatment. No significant differences were found in the mean pain scores between the two groups (P=0.77). However, the mean scores of ROM in the intervention group showed a significant difference compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: MET combination with conventional physiotherapy significantly improves LBP and ROM of lateral flexion in chronic LBP subjects with lateral flexion restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of muscle energy technique combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy on elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) .MethodsA total of 84 patients with KOA in the rehabilitation medicine department of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from February 2021 to August 2022 were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the random number sequence generated by SPSS 22.0 statistical software, with 42 cases in each group. During the course of treatment, two cases in the control group dropped due to the patient's voluntary request, a total of 82 cases were finally included, including 40 cases in the control group and 42 cases in the observation group. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy (power bicycle and physical factor therapy), including power bicycle training for 20 min a time, and physical factor therapy such as dynamic interferential electricity and ultrashort wave therapy for 30 min a time (15 min a time for each item), once a day, five days a week, lasting for four weeks. The observation group received muscle energy technique treatment on the basis of the control group, 30 minutes a time, once a day, five days a week, lasting for four weeks. Before treatment, after treatment for four weeks and after treatment for six months, the Western Ontario and Manchester University Osteoarthritis Indexes (WOMAC) was used to evaluate the degree of joint pain, joint stiffness and activities of daily living of patients with KOA. Before treatment and after treatment for four weeks, a joint angle measuring ruler was used to evaluate the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint; the isokinetic muscle strength test and training system was used to evaluate quadriceps femoris muscle strength [quadriceps femoris peak torque (PT), quadriceps femoris peak torque to body weight ratio (PT/BW)].Results① WOMAC score: compared with that before treatment, the WOMAC joint pain, joint stiffness, activity of daily living score and total WOMAC score of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment for four weeks and after treatment six months (P

Background: Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) is linked to limitations in everyday activities, decreased productivity at work, and a decline in quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of deep dry needling (DDN) and muscle energy technique (MET) on pain and function in chronic nonspecific neck pain. Methodology: This randomized control trial randomly assigned 66 patients of both genders with CNSNP aged from 18-40 years to either Group (A) received deep dry needling plus Conventional therapy, Group (B): received MET plus Conventional therapy, and Group (C): received conventional therapy only in a form of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Infrared, and Cervical core stability exercises. This trial evaluated pain intensity using Visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional disability using the Arabic version of neck disability index (ANDI) pretreatment and four weeks after the intervention. Results: Within-group analysis revealed a significant decline in VAS and ANDI post-intervention (p<0.001). Multiple comparison analysis revealed a significant differences between groups, with the major differences favoring group A (p<0.05). Conclusion: In CNSNP patients, DDN and MET are both effective in reducing neck pain and enhancing neck function; however, DDN is more effective, making it preferable treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint, with a point prevalence of 15% of males and 23% of females experiencing symptoms. Approximately 20% of individuals visiting orthopaedic clinics have neck pain that originates from myofascial cause. Persistence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the neck for long periods results in headache, dizziness or vertigo, limited neck and shoulder range of motion (ROM), abnormal sensation, autonomic dysfunction, and disability.AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the combined effect of dry needling (DN) and muscle energy technique (MET) on neck pain of myofascial origin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six subjects, both male and female, aged 20–40 years with MTrPs in the upper trapezius (UT) and levator scapulae (LS) muscles having unilateral or bilateral pain in the neck, were recruited with a convenience sampling technique. The subjects were equally (n = 12) divided into three groups: Group A received only MET, Group B received only DN, and Group C received both DN and MET. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), pain pressure threshold (PPT) levels, and cervical ROM were assessed at baseline and after each intervention. The subjects were treated for three sessions with a 2-days break between each session, and the outcomes were assessed. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS (version 26).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant improvements were observed in all the three groups in terms of decrease in the VAS, NDI, and PCS scores (P < 0.05). The PPT levels on both UT and LS muscles, along with ROM of cervical (lateral flexion and rotation), were improved (P < 0.05) in all the three groups; however, Group DN + MET showed (P < 0.01) better results. Therefore, the combined use of DN and MET is recommended as a better technique for the management of myofascial neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Flexibility is an important physiological component of physical fitness. The length of the muscle tissue is thought to play an important role in the effectiveness and efficacy of human movement. Calf is one of the commonest muscle prone to tightness. Most of the forefoot and ankle problems arise due to gastrocnemius and soleus tightness and contractures. To manage such a condition, stretching of the calf muscles are commonly prescribed to increase available dorsiflexion of the ankle joint. Though there are several effective physiotherapeutic exercises available to resolve this problem, but it's still in dilemma about the immediate effects. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Static Stretching (SS) are the techniques which can efficiently improve the flexibility of muscles and also very scarce literature is present on comparing the effect of these techniques for increasing ankle dorsiflexion for improving calf tightness. So, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the immediate effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Static Stretching on calf flexibility in females. Methodology: An experimental study in which 30 female subjects aged between 18 to 25 years were divided into two groups.GroupA (n= 15) and Group B (n=15) were given MET and Static Stretching (SS) respectively. Ankle Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed pre- intervention and post- intervention. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS (version 26). Result and Conclusion: Group A (MET) and Group B (SS) were given suitable intervention for calf muscle tightness, and bothgroups showed that the mean ROM during post-test was higher than pre-test. After the comparison of both groups, no significant difference was seen in the mean scores (p≥ 0.05). Equal number of repetitions of both techniques were given, however, still MET showed slightly greater effect. Therefore, the study concluded that fewer repetitions of MET could have greater or equal effect as Static Stretching. Further studies with large sample size and follow up are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schatzker fracture belongs to the tibial plateau fracture. This fracture is frequently characterized by excessive trauma, such as a fall from a terrific height or an automobile collision. They are identified by a vertical break in the tibial plateau, which disturbs the joint surface and surrounding tissues. A schatzker type six fracture is a complex fracture that is difficult to manage conservatively and typically requires surgery to reestablish articular realignment and integrity. The purpose of this study is to examine the rehabilitation method and actual outcomes of a 41-year-old male patient who had a tibial plateau fracture as well as a fibular head fracture. This case study shows the need for a comprehensive rehabilitation program in assisting individuals with this specific fracture pattern to achieve their maximum functional potential. The patient undertook a rehabilitation program that comprised several therapy interventions such as range-of-motion training, enhancing power, balance and proprioceptive training, gait re-training, and pain control measures. To assess the patient's progress, objective measurements such as goniometry, muscular strength by manual muscle testing, functional outcome ratings, and patient-reported outcomes were employed. As demonstrated by the case study, a comprehensive treatment approach is required to properly treat tibial plateau fractures in conjunction with fibular head fractures. The patient achieved a considerable and favorable affiliation with the therapy techniques and the outcome measures rating.

Background: Hamstring tightness is a condition which if it is remaining untreated it could be related later on to the posture imbalance and movement restriction. There are many techniques to increase the elasticity of hamstrings. Post facilitation stretching (PFS) along with thoraco-lumbar direct myofascial release (MFR) technique is emerging as a novel therapy for improving hamstring muscle length. Objective: To determine the immediate effects of post facilitation stretching technique on SLR with/without thoraco-lumber direct myofascial release on straight leg raise among non-symptomatic adults. Methods: A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted at FIMS College of rehabilitation Abbottabad Pakistan after approval from HOD. A total of n=24 non symptomatic adults were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were non symptomatic adults with tight hamstrings, age group 18 to 40 years, normal healthy adults, both gender groups, SLR (passive) of 80° degree or less, finger floor distance of 5 cm or more. The participants were than randomly divided into two control group (n=12) and experimental group (n=12). The post facilitation stretch technique was applied in both groups, but experimental group additionally received thoraco-lumber direct myofascial release technique as well. To assess the total mobility of the lumbo-pelvic region and hamstring elasticity fingertip to floor distance was measured and straight leg raise test with the help of goniometer. The data was collected at the baseline and immediately after session. Results: The mean age of the study participant was 23.41±2.31 years. The pre-post analysis showed that right and left straight leg raise (SLR) as well as fingertip floor distance were significantly (p

Latar Belakang : Non-spesific neck pain merupakan nyeri leher mekanik yang umumnya disebabkan karena adanya faktor kebiasaan postur yang jelek meliputi kebiasaan bekerja dalam posisi yang tidak ergonomis secara berulang-ulang sehingga menyebabkan peregangan pada ligament dan otot secara berlebihan, dan memperlihatkan keterbatasan gerak lateral fleksi dan rotasi cervical. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ekspirimen dengan desain randomized pre test – post test control group design, dilaksanakan di Klinik Mabbulosibatang Fisioterapi dengan sampel sebanyak 26 orang mahasiswa Hasil : Berdasarkan analisis uji paired sample t pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol diperolehan nilai p=0,000 (p

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the muscle energy technique (MET) on postpartum meralgia paresthetica (MP) affecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of the MET on postpartum MP affecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 patients with postpartum MP were randomly allocated to study and control groups. The study group received the MET with conventional therapeutic exercises and the control group received the conventional exercises alone for four weeks (thrice a week, for 30–40 minutes duration). Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve distal latency, pain intensity, response to the prone knee bend (PKB) test and pelvic compression test were assessed. RESULTS: Patients allocated to the MET group had improvements compared to the controls in pain intensity (MD: - 1.66, 95%CI - 2.39 to - 0.94), distal latency (MD: - 0.66, 95%CI - 0.94 to - 0.36), and knee range of motion in the PKB test (MD: 19.5 ∘ , 95%CI 13 to 26.1) with high treatment effects, Cohen's d –ES = 1.71, 1.86 and 2.24 respectively. However, there was no between-group difference for the pelvic compression test (p = 0.41). CONCLUSION: The MET can reduce pain, distal latency, and increase the prone knee range of motion in women with MP affecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to identify the effectiveness of Mulligan's movement with mobilization and Muscle energy techniques on pain and functional disability in students with Sacro Iliac joint dysfunction. METHODOLOGY: This randomized control trial was conducted on college students with sacroiliac joint dysfunction recruited from KMCH Institute of paramedical sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, from August 2019 to July 2020. Group A included 16 subjects and Group B with 15 subjects. The subjects who fall into the inclusion criteria were included, and subjects who are willing to participate in the study were included in this study. Neurological signs, Radiating pain below the knee, recent surgery & fracture around the hip, and hypermobile joint were excluded. Group A received Mulligan's mobilization and core stability exercise; Group B received muscle energy technique with core stability exercise. Outcome Measures: Pain and functional disability were measured by the modified Oswestry disability index; Kinesiophobia was by the Tampa scale. RESULTS: The level of significance was 0.05. The mean values of the post-test show marked improvement between the groups, with a p-value of 2.69 for functional disability and a p-value of 0.45 for pain. Significant progress was observed in participants who received Mulligan's movement with mobilization. Statistical calculation was done with the help of SPSS version 18. CONCLUSION: Mulligan mobilization is more effective than the muscle energy technique in managing sacroiliac joint dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated the combined effect of Radial Shockwave Therapy (RSWT) and muscle energy technique (MET) on pain, range of motion (ROM), and neck function in people with active trigger points (ATrPs) of the upper trapezius muscle. Materials & Methods: Fifty-four participants with ATrPs of the upper trapezius muscle were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n=18) received only MET, group B (n=18) received only RSWT, and group C (n=18) received both RSWT and RSWT. Pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), neck function using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire, and lateral-flexion range of movement (LF ROM) were measured before and after the intervention. The participants were treated for three sessions in one week with at least two days of rest between sessions. Results: All three intervention groups showed pain reduction (p0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that all three interventions used in the upper trapezius trigger points therapy were effective; however, the combined group showed a significant difference in PPT. Therefore, combined therapy is superior to MET and RSWT alone in improving pressure pain relief in individuals with upper trapezius trigger points.

Abstract Background Non-specific neck pain is the most prevailing musculoskeletal disorder which has a large socioeconomic burden worldwide. It is associated with poor posture and neck strain which may lead to pain and restricted mobility. Physical therapists treat such patients through several means. Post isometric relaxation and Myofascial release therapy are used in clinical practice with little evidence to be firmed appropriately. So, this study was conducted to explore the effect of Post-isometric relaxation in comparison to Myofascial release therapy for patients having non-specific neck pain. Methodology Sixty patients were randomly allocated to Post isometric group and the Myofascial group. The treatment period was of 2 weeks. All the patients were evaluated using the Visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck disability index (NDI), Universal Goniometer, and WHO BREF Quality of life-100 in the 1st and 6th sessions. Recorded data was entered on SPSS 21. Data were examined using two-way repeated ANOVA to measure the variance of analysis (group x time). Results Analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that both groups were homogenous in terms of age and gender i.e. a total of 60 participants were included in this research study 30 in each group. Out of 60 patients, there were 20(33.3%) males and 40(66.7%) females with a mean age of 32.4(5.0) years. Participants in the Post Isometric group demonstrated significant improvements (p

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a rare condition which affects only 1% population in India. It is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory condition which affects joints and organ system. And as it is also a progressive disease so medication and physiotherapy is must for stopping from further worsening of condition. This research aims to find out efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique for hand function in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: 50 Rheumatoid arthritis patients were chosen considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The purpose and nature of study was explained to the participants, a consent form being filled by the participants. The study was carried out by taking assessment of range of motion and VAS and then the treatment regime was started and after completing the treatment protocol assessment was taken again. The assessment which was collected was entered into a database on Microsoft excel and word. CONCLUSION: Based upon the pre-post treatment assessment done and its data collection, the RA patients are prone to get their Range of Motion and Muscle Strength to get affected which also hampers their daily activities. The awareness regarding the condition, preventive methods and even exercise protocol are very helpful in avoiding further risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forward Neck and Rounded Shoulder is one of an incorrect posture. Craniovertebral angle, rounded shoulder posture measurement and posture screen mobile are the types of outcome measures to assess the conditions. To find the effect of the Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise on the forward neck and rounded shoulder for elite swimmers. Study Design: Experimental study. Method: The study design was an experimental study, 30 male elite swimmers were selected from Pondicherry Swimming Pool Academy, They were allocated divided into two groups, Group A (n=15) Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise Group B (n=15) Conventional treatment, 3 sessions in a week for 6week, The outcome measure (Craniovertebral angle, Rounded Shoulder Posture Measurement and posture screen mobile) were measured in pre and post-test for 6 week period. Results: Data analysis was done by unpaired 't' test and paired 't' test for the between group and within the group analysis respectively, The statistic analysis done with unpaired 't' test within the Group A and Group B analyses is shown significance (p<0.01). Which shows that Group A must be significant than Group B, it have been concluded that Group A shows improvement in rounded shoulder and forward neck posture in elite swimmer with the outcome measures than Group B. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise (Group-A) shows more significant improvement in rounded shoulder and forward neck posture in elite swimmers when compared with conventional treatment (Group-B) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability and a common musculoskeletal disorder encountered at some point in life. Dysfunction of the lumbar vertebrae has been associated with decreased flexibility of the hamstrings, which exhibited a strong positive correlation with LBP. Hamstring tension affects lumbar pelvic rhythm. We aimed to activate pelvic stability with compression by Active Therapeutic Movement (ATM), muscle energy technique (MET) was applied to increase the flexibility of the hamstring. Objects: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MET with ATM and general MET were applied to the hamstring of adults, who were in their twenties with nor without LBP, on their pelvic inclination and the length of their hamstring. Methods: A total of 32 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. Before the experiment, all subjects were pre-examined, and they were divided into an LBP group and a no lower back pain group accordingly. Thereafter, all subjects participated in both in a crossover manner. After at least one week, they switched to another group and participated in the same experiment. Results: The study results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant results in the modified active knee extension test (p < 0.01) and the sit and reach test (p < 0.01) performed to assess the hamstring flexibility; an interaction (p < 0.05) was noted. Moreover, a more significant difference was observed between the MET with ATM and the general MET. Although significant results were obtained for the pelvic inclination (p < 0.01), interaction was not noted. Conclusion: Conclusively, in this study, when the MET with ATM was applied to the two groups, there was a significant difference compared to the general MET for hamstring flexibility, but it was confirmed that there was no significant difference for the pelvic inclination.

Introduction: The most common muscle injury in sports is the hamstring muscle. It needs long rehabilitation and has a great possibility of recurrence as it has a great tendency to shorten. Stretching is the treatment used to improve muscular flexibility, thereby increasing range of motion, and the study prevents sports injuries and athletic performance. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch technique on the flexibility of the hamstring among recreational athletes. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy recreational athletes were divided into two groups MET and PNF for 4 weeks – 5 sessions/week. Outcome Measures: The Modified Back Saver's Sit and Reach Test was the outcome measure. Statistical Tool: The Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Conclusion: There was a significant difference seen in the PNF stretch technique and hamstring flexibility with the use of the MET.

Case description. This case study evaluates an adult male, 24 years old, diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome and referred to a physiotherapy clinic because of pain and stiffness in the forearm and an inability to lift a heavy object. A physiotherapy session was given twice a week for three weeks. In the first week, ultrasound and reciprocal inhibition were applied, in the second week ultrasound therapy and post-isometric relaxation were applied and in the last week, ultrasound therapy and a post-contraction stretch were applied. After five interventions, the combination of ultrasound therapy and muscle energy techniques improved the functional ability by about 86.97% (from 19.2 to 2.5) measured with the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH). This case study suggests that the combination of ultrasound therapy and muscle energy techniques used for thoracic outlet syndrome, including a home exercise plan with the continuous monitoring of posture correction, could allow the patient to return to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hamstrings extensibility is affected as a result of lack of physical activity causing a limitation of extension motion of the knee joint, increases posterior pelvic tilting and reducing lumbar lordosis that can result in nonspecific low back pain. Aim: To compare the effects of muscle energy technique versus eccentric training on hamstrings extensibility among adolescent girls. Methods: Based on Inclusion and Exclusion criteria, 60 adolescent girls of age group 15-24 years were assessed & selected using Active Knee Extension Test for a lag in extension of around 20 degrees during performance of the test. The subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group A (Control Group) was given Conventional treatment as Hot Pack as warm up over the Hamstrings muscle for both the lower limbs & Static Stretching. Thereafter, Group B (Experimental Group 1) was given Muscle Energy Technique & Conventional treatment and Group C (Experimental Group 2) was given Eccentric Training & Conventional treatment for total 6 sessions as 3 sessions a week for 2 weeks respectively. Results: Data was meaningfully assorted through calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation. Thereafter, T test was applied for comparison between the MET group and Eccentric Training group and Control Group. The level of significance was fixed at p<0.05. There was significant difference within and between the MET group and Eccentric Training group for both the limbs. Conclusion: The study concluded that MET was better than Eccentric Training in improving Hamstrings extensibility among Adolescent Girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]