2,585 results on '"myeloid sarcoma"'
Search Results
2. A Study to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability of Ziftomenib in Combination With Venetoclax/Azacitidine, Venetoclax, or 7+3 in Patients With AML
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- 2024
3. Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride in Preventing Heart-Related Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Participants With Blood Cancers
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National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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- 2024
4. Vosaroxin and Infusional Cytarabine in Treating Patients With Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (VITAL)
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National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Sanjay Mohan, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
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- 2024
5. Provision of TCRγδ T Cells and Memory T Cells Plus Selected Use of Blinatumomab in Naïve T-cell Depleted Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies Relapsed or Refractory Despite Prior Transplantation
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- 2024
6. Intravenous indocyanine green to evaluate distal ureteral vascularity during robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion.
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Carbonell, Enric, Sierra, Alba, Mercader, Clàudia, Peradejordi, Mònica, Muní, Maria, Tello, Alberto, Alfambra, Héctor, Martínez, Carmen, Ajami, Tarek, Izquierdo, Laura, Vilaseca, Antoni, Ribal, María José, Alcaraz, Antonio, Martos, Raúl, and Musquera, Mireia
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INDOCYANINE green , *MYELOID sarcoma , *BLADDER cancer , *CYSTECTOMY , *SURGICAL robots , *URINARY diversion , *ILEAL conduit surgery - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study is to assess the role of indocyanine green (ICG) to evaluate distal ureteral vascularity during robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion and its impact on the incidence of benign ureteroenteric strictures (UES). Methods: The study included patients who underwent RARC for bladder cancer between 2018 and 2023. All patients included underwent intracorporeal urinary diversion with ileal conduit or neobladder. Bricker technique was performed in all ureteroenteric anastomosis. ICG was employed during the study period to evaluate ureteral vascularity. We divided patients into 2 groups depending on the utilization of ICG during surgery and compared demographic, clinicopathological and perioperative outcomes, including benign UES rates. Results: We identified 221 patients that underwent RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Ileal conduit was performed in 173 (78.3%) patients and neobladder in 48 (21.7%) cases. A total of 142 (64.3%) and 79 (35.7%) patients were in the non-ICG and ICG group, respectively. With a median follow-up of the entire cohort of 21.1 months, there were no differences in the rate of benign UES after RARC between the non-ICG and the ICG group (p = 0.901). In the non-ICG group, 26 (18.3%) patients developed benign UES and in the ICG group 15 (19.0%) patients. Most of the strictures appeared in the left ureter in both groups (80.8% non-ICG vs. 66.7% ICG, p = 0.599). Median time to stricture diagnosis was 4 months (IQR 3-7.25) for the non-ICG and 3 months (IQR 2–5) for the ICG group (p = 0.091). The ICG group had a slightly greater length of ureter resected compared with the non-ICG group (1.5 vs. 1.3 cm, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In our experience, choosing to use ICG intraoperatively to evaluate distal ureteral vascularity may not reduce the rate of benign UES after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion and Bricker ureteroileal anastomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Primary ileal myeloid sarcoma presenting with bowel obstruction: a case report.
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Minagi, Hitoshi, Kanaya, Nobuhiko, Kondo, Yoshitaka, Kakiuchi, Yoshihiko, Kuroda, Shinji, Shoji, Ryohei, Kashima, Hajime, Matsumi, Yuki, Kikuchi, Satoru, Shigeyasu, Kunitoshi, Teraishi, Fuminori, Kagawa, Shunsuke, and Fujiwara, Toshiyoshi
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EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases ,MYELOID sarcoma ,ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,SMALL intestine ,CANCER chemotherapy - Abstract
Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary tumor constituted by myeloid blasts or immature myeloid cells. It frequently occurs in conjunction with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, it can exceptionally manifest in patients without leukemia. Here, we present a rare case of primary MS originating in the small bowel without evidence of bone marrow involvement. Case representation: A 33 year-old female with no relevant medical history was admitted to our hospital with recurrent abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bowel obstruction due to thickening of the ileum wall, which was suspected to be an ileal tumor. Initially, ectopic endometriosis was suspected because of abdominal pain associated with the menstrual cycle and changes observed on a follow-up CT scan. The lesion could not be detected by double-balloon endoscopy. Despite conservative treatment, the obstruction persisted, and laparoscopic partial ileal resection was performed, which revealed extensive involvement of the ileum and mesentery. Additionally, the mesentery of the resected ileum was extremely thickened. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the surgical specimen indicated ileal MS. Bone marrow aspiration after discharge was negative for cytological findings of leukemia, leading to a final diagnosis of primary ileal MS. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and she is currently undergoing systemic chemotherapy tailored to AML at another hospital. Conclusions: Even though MS of the small bowel is rare and may not be considered preoperatively, similar surgical treatment to that of other small bowel malignancies can ensure proper postoperative diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy. Given the potential need for chemotherapy, ensuring surgical safety that allows for its rapid initiation is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm of skin, a rare dermatohematologic malignancy—A case report.
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Edjtemaei, Ramtin, Ghanadan, Alireza, and Ameli, Fereshte
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MERKEL cell carcinoma , *DENDRITIC cells , *CELL morphology , *MYELOID sarcoma , *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies - Abstract
Key Clinical Message: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare hematologic malignancy and appropriate diagnosis encounters difficulties in both clinical and pathologic aspects. This case report aims to present a clinical case to help familiar clinicians and pathologists with this rare entity. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an uncommon hematologic malignancy. Because of the rarity of the disease and aggressive behavior, we present this case. A 71‐year‐old man presented with a forehead ulcerated skin lesion. On histopathologic examination, pan‐dermal atypical mononuclear infiltrate, consisting of small‐medium sized cells with fine chromatin pattern was seen without epidermotropism which were immunoreactive for CD123, CD56, TdT and CD4, while negative for CD3, CD20, and MPO that confirmed the diagnosis of BPDCN. BPDCN is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Male‐to‐female ratio is 3.3:1. Skin involvement can present as either an isolated purplish nodule or disseminated purplish nodules or papules or macules. On microscopic examination, skin involvement is characterized by monomorphic infiltrates of immature neoplastic cells with blastoid morphology, involving the superficial and deep dermis, often with extension into the subcutis with epidermal spare. Immunophenotyping shows usually positive reactions for CD123, CD45, CD4, CD56, TCL1, CD2AP, CD43, BCL2, TdT, Granzyme B, and TCF4, whereas tumor cells are negative for CD3, CD19, CD20, MPO, CD13 and Lysozyme. Differential diagnoses of BPDCN include myeloid sarcoma, myelomonocytic leukemia, mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation (MPDCP) and Merkel cell carcinoma. Pathologists ought to be familiar with this WHO entity for early disease diagnosis, because of disease rarity and diagnosis difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Myeloid sarcoma with plasmacytoid dendritic cell-like proliferation associated with IKZF1, ETV6 and DNMT3A mutations.
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Suzuki, Kengo, Koyama, Daisuke, Oka, Yuka, Sato, Yuki, Sekine, Rei, Fukatsu, Masahiko, Hayashi, Kiyohito, Takano, Motoki, Hashimoto, Yuko, and Ikezoe, Takayuki
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The classification of clonal plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms remains a topic of ongoing debate. Although the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification classifies clonal pDC proliferation into two categories, it is unclear whether this classification adequately captures the complexities of clonal pDC pathogenesis. We present a clinical case featuring myeloid sarcoma with pDC-like cells in cervical lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM). Analysis of biopsy specimens and BM aspirate revealed two distinct cellular populations expressing myeloid and pDC markers. One population exhibited myeloid leukemia and monocyte markers, including MPO, CD13, CD33, CD11b, and CD14, while the other manifested an immunophenotype reminiscent of pDCs, characterized by expression of CD56 and CD123. Additionally, whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of BM mononuclear cells were conducted to explore the pathophysiology of this rare malignancy, and unveiled pDC-like cell proliferation driven by IKZF1 and ETV6 mutations originating from clonal hematopoiesis initiated by a DNMT3A mutation. Notably, venetoclax-based therapy exhibited efficacy for achieving and sustaining complete remission. This case provides pivotal insights into the mechanistic aspects of pDC/pDC-like cell proliferation in myeloid sarcoma, offering valuable perspectives on therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Myeloid sarcoma of the breast with synchronous early T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare presentation.
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Hajra, Subhajit, Ur, Kavya, Qamer, Zahed Ali, Kumar, Karthik, Balasubramanian, Priyavadhana, Dhingra, Gaurav, Singh, Neha, and Chowdhury, Nilotpal
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MYELOID sarcoma , *LYMPHOBLASTIC leukemia , *MYELOID leukemia , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELODYSPLASTIC syndromes , *CHRONIC leukemia - Abstract
This article presents a case study of a 24-year-old female patient who was initially diagnosed with breast cancer but later developed a rare form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia called early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). The article suggests a possible connection between breast cancer and ETP-ALL, possibly involving a common progenitor. The patient's treatment was difficult due to the rarity and poor prognosis of ETP-ALL. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to better understand the development and relationship of ETP-ALL to other types of leukemia. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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11. Association of immune evasion in myeloid sarcomas with disease manifestation and patients' survival.
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Bauer, Marcus, Monecke, Astrid, Hackl, Hubert, Wilfer, Andreas, Jaekel, Nadja, Bläker, Hendrik, Al-Ali, Haifa Kathrin, Seliger, Barbara, and Wickenhauser, Claudia
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HISTOCOMPATIBILITY class I antigens ,MYELOID sarcoma ,GENE expression ,MULTISPECTRAL imaging ,RNA sequencing - Abstract
Introduction: Myeloid sarcomas (MS) comprise rare extramedullary manifestations of myeloid neoplasms with poor patients' outcome. While the clinical relevance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is well established in many malignancies, there exists limited information in MS. Methods: The expression of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) antigens, HLA-I antigen processing and presenting machinery (APM) components and the composition of the TME of 45 MS and paired bone marrow (BM) samples from two independent cohorts were assessed by immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Results: A significant downregulation of the HLA-I heavy chain (HC; 67.5%) and ß2-microglobulin (ß2M; 64.8%), but an upregulation of HLA-G was found in MS compared to BM samples, which was confirmed in a publicly available dataset. Moreover, MS tumors showed a predominantly immune cell excluded TME with decreased numbers of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (9.5%) compared to paired BM (22.9%). RNAseq analysis of a subset of 10 MS patients with preserved and reduced HLA-I HC expression revealed 150 differentially expressed genes and a significantly reduced expression of inflammatory response genes was found in samples with preserved HLA-I expression. Furthermore, low HLA-I expression and low TIL numbers in the TME of MS cases were linked to an inferior patients' outcome. Discussion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of immune escape strategies in the pathogenesis and extramedullary spread of MS, which was also found in patients without evidence of any BM pathology, which yields the rational for the development of novel individually tailored therapies for MS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Myeloid sarcoma, spectrum of clinical characteristics, prognostic impact, and treatment outcome.
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Semary, Samah Fathy, Hammad, Mahmoud, Soliman, Sonya, Hamdy, Nayera, Salem, Sherine, zaky, Iman, elkinaai, Naglaa, Ezzat, Nermeen, Albeltagy, Doaa, and Madany, Youssef
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MYELOID sarcoma ,ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases ,ACUTE leukemia ,PROGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: Acute leukemia may present with extramedullary (EM) tissues. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) are considered extramedullary diseases. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors affecting the outcome of pediatric patients with myeloid sarcoma at the pediatric oncology center from July 2007 to December 2017. Radiological imaging was used to stage the tumor, biopsy was done for pathological diagnosis, and bone marrow aspirate for morphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis. Patients received chemotherapy protocols based on those used by the Children's Cancer Group for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Result: The study included 91 (13.2%) of 687 pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9 to 1. Prognostic factors that improved the patient's 5-year overall survival (OS) were age > 5 years old, molecular and cytogenetic detection of t (8; 21), inv 16, presence of a single and small size lesion < 5 cm, negative CNS lesion, and achieved radiological response in isolated disease or radiological and marrow complete remission in disseminated disease post induction 1 with significant P value. Relapse, particularly early relapse, worsens the OS and EFS by 10% and 7.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Patients over five with low-risk disease based on cytogenetics, a small, single, negative CNS lesion, and a complete response post induction 1 had better outcomes, with no significant difference between those with isolated extramedullary disease and those with marrow dissemination. Early relapse harms the outcome. The study group's 5-year OS and EFS rates are 51.4% and 49.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. A new bimodal approach for sentinel lymph node imaging in prostate cancer using a magnetic and fluorescent hybrid tracer.
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Michalik, Bianca, Engels, Svenja, Otterbach, Maximilian C., Frerichs, Jorina, Suhrhoff, Paula E., van Oosterom, Matthias N., Maurer, Martin H., Wawroschek, Friedhelm, and Winter, Alexander
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SENTINEL lymph nodes , *IRON oxide nanoparticles , *COMPUTER-assisted surgery , *LYMPHADENECTOMY , *MYELOID sarcoma , *PROSTATE - Abstract
Purpose: To obtain initial data on sentinel lymph node (SLN) visualisation by pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intra-operative bimodal SLN identification using a new magnetic fluorescent hybrid tracer in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Methods: Ten patients at > 5% risk for lymph node (LN) invasion were included. The day before surgery, a magnetic fluorescent hybrid tracer consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and indocyanine green was transrectally injected into the prostate. Five hours after injection, transversal pelvic MRI scans were recorded and T2*-weighed images were screened for pelvic LNs with SPION uptake. Intra-operatively, magnetically active and/or fluorescent SLNs were detected by a handheld magnetometer and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (FI). Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and radical prostatectomy completed the surgery. All resected specimens were checked ex situ for magnetic activity and fluorescence and were histopathologically examined. Results: Pre-operative MRI identified 145 pelvic LNs with SPION uptake. In total, 75 (median 6, range 3‒13) magnetically active SLNs were resected, including 14 SLNs not seen on MRI. FI identified 89 fluorescent LNs (median 8.5, range 4‒13) of which 15 LNs were not magnetically active. Concordance of the different techniques was 70% for pre-operative MRI vs. magnetometer-guided PLND and 88% for magnetic vs. fluorescent SLN detection. Conclusion: These are the first promising results of bimodal, magnetic fluorescent SLN detection in PCa patients. Our magnetic fluorescent hybrid approach provides the surgeon a pre-operative lymphatic roadmap by using MRI and intra-operative visual guidance through the application of a fluorescent lymphatic agent. The diagnostic accuracy of our new hybrid approach has to be evaluated in further studies. Trial registration: DRKS00032808. Registered 04 October 2023, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Nano-Liposomal Beetroot Phyto-Pigment in Photodynamic Therapy as a Prospective Green Approach for Cancer Management: In Vitro Evaluation and Molecular Dynamic Simulation.
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Fadeel, Doaa Abdel, Fadel, Maha, El-Kholy, Abdullah Ibrahim, El-Rashedy, Ahmed A., Mohsen, Engy, Ezzat, Marwa I., and Issa, Marwa Y.
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PHOTODYNAMIC therapy , *MYELOID sarcoma , *PHOTOSENSITIZERS , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *BCL-2 proteins - Abstract
Using plant extracts as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a significant green approach toward sustainability. This study investigates beetroot juice (BRJ), betanin, and their liposomal formulations (Lip-BRJ, Lip-Bet) as photosensitizers in cancer PDT. BRJ was prepared, and its betanin content was quantified via HPLC. The p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO)/imidazole technique monitored the singlet oxygen formation. BRJ and betanin decreased the RNO absorbance at 440 nm by 12% and 9% after 45 min of irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, betanin interaction with Bcl-2 proteins was examined using binding free energy analysis and molecular dynamic simulation. The results revealed favorable interactions with ΔG values of −40.94 kcal/mol. Then, BRJ, betanin, Lip-BRJ, and Lip-Bet were tested as photosensitizers on normal (HEK 293) and human lung cancer (A549) cell lines. Irradiation significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Lip-Bet on HEK 293 cells (20% cell viability at 2000 µg/mL) and A549 cells (13% cell viability at 1000 µg/mL). For Lip-BRJ, irradiation significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity on HEK 293 cells at lower concentrations and on A549 cells at all tested concentrations. These results proved the positive effect of light and liposomal encapsulation on the anticancer activity of betanin and BRJ, suggesting the efficiency of liposomal beetroot pigments as green photosensitizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Atypical Presentation of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media with Facial Palsy: Extra Medullary Manifestation of AML in Temporal Bone.
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Arora, Ripu Daman, Nidhin, S B, Nagarkar, Nitin M, and Banjare, Amit Kumar
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EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases , *ACUTE otitis media , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELOID sarcoma , *TEMPORAL bone , *OTITIS media - Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia observed in the adult population, accounting for 80% of all leukemia cases. Extramedullary involvement in AML, where leukemic cells are found in organs or tissues outside the blood or bone marrow, is a rare occurrence [1]. The most frequent sites of extramedullary disease include the skin, central nervous system (CNS), and lymph nodes [2, 3]. In this case report, we present an instance of extramedullary AML in the temporal bone, which initially presented with symptoms such as earache, discharge, and facial asymmetry, mimicking acute suppurative otitis media with facial palsy. The patient underwent mastoid exploration and facial nerve decompression. A post-operative bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AML, leading to the initiation of chemotherapy. The patient is currently under follow-up care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Canine Histiocytic and Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcomas Display KRAS and Extensive PTPN11 /SHP2 Mutations and Respond In Vitro to MEK Inhibition by Cobimetinib.
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Yang, Ya-Ting, Engleberg, Alexander I., Kapoor, Ishana, Kitagawa, Keita, Hilburger, Sara A., Thaiwong-Nebelung, Tuddow, and Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, Vilma
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RETICULUM cell sarcoma , *COMPARATIVE genetics , *CANCER genetics , *MYELOID sarcoma , *RAS oncogenes - Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer in humans and dogs. In dogs, it has a high prevalence in certain breeds, such as Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs) and flat-coated retrievers. Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) is a unique form of HS that presents with erythrophagocytosis. Due to its rareness, the study of HHS is very limited, and mutations in canine HHS patients have not been studied to date. In previous work, our research group identified two major PTPN11/SHP2 driver mutations, E76K and G503V, in HS in dogs. Here, we report additional mutations located in exon 3 of PTPN11/SHP2 in both HS and HHS cases, further supporting that this area is a mutational hotspot in dogs and that mutations in tumors and liquid biopsies should be evaluated utilizing comprehensive methods such as Sanger and NextGen sequencing. The overall prevalence of PTPN11/SHP2 mutations was 55.8% in HS and 46.2% in HHS. In addition, we identified mutations in KRAS, in about 3% of HS and 4% of HHS cases. These findings point to the shared molecular pathology of activation of the MAPK pathway in HS and HHS cases. We evaluated the efficacy of the highly specific MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib, in canine HS and HHS cell lines. We found that the IC50 values ranged from 74 to 372 nM, which are within the achievable and tolerable ranges for cobimetinib. This finding positions cobimetinib as a promising potential candidate for future canine clinical trials and enhances our understanding of the molecular defects in these challenging cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Myeloid sarcoma, spectrum of clinical characteristics, prognostic impact, and treatment outcome
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Samah Fathy Semary, Mahmoud Hammad, Sonya Soliman, Nayera Hamdy, Sherine Salem, Iman zaky, Naglaa elkinaai, Nermeen Ezzat, Doaa Albeltagy, and Youssef Madany
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Pediatric ,Myeloid sarcoma ,Chloroma ,Granulocytic sarcoma ,Extramedullary myeloid cell tumor ,Isolated disease ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Background Acute leukemia may present with extramedullary (EM) tissues. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) are considered extramedullary diseases. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors affecting the outcome of pediatric patients with myeloid sarcoma at the pediatric oncology center from July 2007 to December 2017. Radiological imaging was used to stage the tumor, biopsy was done for pathological diagnosis, and bone marrow aspirate for morphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis. Patients received chemotherapy protocols based on those used by the Children's Cancer Group for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Result The study included 91 (13.2%) of 687 pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9 to 1. Prognostic factors that improved the patient’s 5-year overall survival (OS) were age > 5 years old, molecular and cytogenetic detection of t (8; 21), inv 16, presence of a single and small size lesion
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- 2024
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18. Intensive Conditioning With Thiotepa Combined With Bu/Flu/Ara-C in Allo-HSCT for Myeloid Malignancies With Extramedullary Involvement
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Xianmin Song, MD, Professor
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- 2023
19. Real-world experience with venetoclax-based therapy for patients with myeloid sarcoma
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Xinyi Jian, Jie Cha, Zhijuan Lin, Siting Xie, Yueting Huang, Yun Lin, Haijun Zhao, Bing Xu, and Yiming Luo
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Myeloid sarcoma ,BCL-2 ,Venetoclax ,Extramedullary disease ,Treatment ,Prognosis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background The treatment of myeloid sarcoma (MS) is challenging and has not markedly improved patient prognosis. The introduction of venetoclax (VEN) has changed the treatment of MS, and venetoclax-based therapy has been described as very promising in several case reports. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed the treatment outcomes of 14 patients with MS treated with venetoclax-based therapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2020 to October 2023 Results The cohort consisted of 7 (50%) women and 7 (50%) men with an average age of 37.5 years. Four patients (28.6%) had isolated MS de novo, 2 (14.2%) were diagnosed synchronously with AML, and 8 (57.2%) had isolated extramedullary relapse. The most common sites for MS in our cohort were the skin and lung, followed by the spinal canal, soft tissue, bone and kidney. Five patients were affected at more than three sites. Nine patients received VEN in combination with azacytidine, and 5 patients received VEN in combination with other agents. The median number of venetoclax therapies administered was 2 cycles (range: 1–10 cycles). A response was observed in all patients included in the study, with 8 patients (57.2%) achieving a CR and 3 patients (21.4%) achieving a PR, corresponding to an ORR (including CR and PR) of 78.6%. The median follow-up time for all patients was 13 months (range 1–44 months), and the 1 year OS for all patients was 67.7%. Conclusions Venetoclax-based therapy shows excellent efficacy and safety in MS patients in the “real world” at a single institution, and a corresponding prospective study is needed to verify this conclusion.
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- 2024
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20. Real-world experience with venetoclax-based therapy for patients with myeloid sarcoma.
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Jian, Xinyi, Cha, Jie, Lin, Zhijuan, Xie, Siting, Huang, Yueting, Lin, Yun, Zhao, Haijun, Xu, Bing, and Luo, Yiming
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MYELOID sarcoma ,EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases ,SPINAL canal ,UNIVERSITY hospitals ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
Background: The treatment of myeloid sarcoma (MS) is challenging and has not markedly improved patient prognosis. The introduction of venetoclax (VEN) has changed the treatment of MS, and venetoclax-based therapy has been described as very promising in several case reports. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the treatment outcomes of 14 patients with MS treated with venetoclax-based therapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2020 to October 2023 Results: The cohort consisted of 7 (50%) women and 7 (50%) men with an average age of 37.5 years. Four patients (28.6%) had isolated MS de novo, 2 (14.2%) were diagnosed synchronously with AML, and 8 (57.2%) had isolated extramedullary relapse. The most common sites for MS in our cohort were the skin and lung, followed by the spinal canal, soft tissue, bone and kidney. Five patients were affected at more than three sites. Nine patients received VEN in combination with azacytidine, and 5 patients received VEN in combination with other agents. The median number of venetoclax therapies administered was 2 cycles (range: 1–10 cycles). A response was observed in all patients included in the study, with 8 patients (57.2%) achieving a CR and 3 patients (21.4%) achieving a PR, corresponding to an ORR (including CR and PR) of 78.6%. The median follow-up time for all patients was 13 months (range 1–44 months), and the 1 year OS for all patients was 67.7%. Conclusions: Venetoclax-based therapy shows excellent efficacy and safety in MS patients in the "real world" at a single institution, and a corresponding prospective study is needed to verify this conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Myeloid Sarcoma of the Colon Initially Presenting as a Paracolic Abscess in a Patient with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
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Youn, Seo Yeon, Shin, Yu Ri, and Park, Gyeongsin
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ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELOID sarcoma , *COLON (Anatomy) , *ABSCESSES , *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies , *PLASMACYTOMA - Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma, a rare extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), can occur in various anatomic sites but seldom involves the gastrointestinal tract. We report the unusual case of a 49-year-old man with a history of AML who initially presented with abdominal pain and imaging findings suggestive of a paracolic abscess. However, the lesion rapidly progressed to a large descending colon mass with peritoneal involvement over five weeks. Surgical resection and histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. This case highlights the potential of myeloid sarcoma to mimic an inflammatory colonic process at initial presentation prior to manifesting as an overt mass lesion. Although exceedingly rare, myeloid sarcoma should be considered in patients with a history of AML presenting with colon lesions, particularly in those with an aggressive clinical course. Early recognition may expedite appropriate treatment and prevent unnecessary procedures. This report also underscores the importance of correlating imaging findings with clinical history and histopathology findings to establish an accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Spinal myeloid sarcoma presenting as initial symptom in acute promyelocytic leukemia with a rare cryptic PLZF::RARα fusion gene: a case report and literature review.
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Xuejiao Zhang, Tao Wang, Pu Chen, Yan Chen, Zhimei Wang, Tianhong Xu, Pengfei Yu, and Peng Liu
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ACUTE promyelocytic leukemia ,MYELOID sarcoma ,GENE fusion ,LITERATURE reviews ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rarely caused by the PLZF:: RARα fusion gene. While APL patients with PLZF::RARα fusion commonly exhibit diverse hematologic symptoms, the presentation of myeloid sarcoma (MS) as an initial manifestation is infrequent. Case presentation: A 61-year-old patientwas referred to our hospital with 6-month history of low back pain and difficulty walking. Before this admission, spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conducted at another hospital revealed multiple abnormal signals in the left iliac bone and vertebral bodies spanning the thoracic (T11-T12), lumbar (L1-L4), and sacral (S1/S3) regions. This led to a provisional diagnosis of bone tumors with an unknown cause. On admission, complete blood count (CBC) test and peripheral blood smear revealed a slightly increased counts of monocytes. Immunohistochemical staining of both spinal and bone marrow (BM) biopsy revealed positive expression for CD117, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lysozyme. BM aspirate showed a significant elevation in the percentage of promyelocytes (21%), which were morphologically characterized by round nuclei and hypergranular cytoplasm. Multiparameter flow cytometry of BM aspirate revealed that blasts were positive for CD13, CD33, CD117, and MPO. Through the integrated application of chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing, it was determined that the patient possessed a normal karyotype and a rare cryptic PLZF::RARα fusion gene, confirming the diagnosis of APL. Conclusion: In the present study, we report the clinical features and outcome of a rare APL patient characterized by a cryptic PLZF::RARα fusion and spinal myeloid sarcoma (MS) as the initial presenting symptom. Our study not only offers valuable insights into the heterogeneity of APL clinical manifestations but also emphasizes the crucial need to promptly consider the potential link between APL and MS for ensuring a timely diagnosis and personalized treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Osteolytic lesions as a presenting sign of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report.
- Author
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Jingqian Zhang, Shidai Mu, Li Cai, Lisha Ai, and Yaohui Wu
- Subjects
ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,MYELOID sarcoma ,DELAYED diagnosis ,TREATMENT delay (Medicine) ,DISEASE progression ,PANCYTOPENIA - Abstract
Osteolytic lesions are infrequently observed in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This report details the case of a 66-year-old male patient who presented with myeloid sarcoma (MS), osteolytic lesion and pancytopenia. Effective treatments were delayed due to diagnostic challenges and the rapid progression of the disease. It is essential to consider AML in the differential diagnosis when faced with a patient presenting osteolytic lesions and pancytopenia.b [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Myeloid sarcoma in brain and optic nerve presented as a relapse of acute myeloid leukemia: A case report.
- Author
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Musleh, Mais, Musleh, Samer, and Sheikhi, Manal
- Subjects
- *
ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELOID sarcoma , *OPTIC nerve , *EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases , *PLASMACYTOMA , *SARCOMA - Abstract
Key Clinical Message: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary infiltration of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a case of 19‐year‐old male with AML‐M2 who relapse with AML sarcoma in brain and optic nerve. MS as AML extramedullary relapse had a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Solitary eosinophilic granulocytic sarcoma in a dog.
- Author
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Hu, Shou‐Ping, Xiao, Fei, Zhang, Zhuo, Jiang, Yan, Mao, Dong‐Sheng, Wang, Jing‐Fei, and He, Xi‐Jun
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *GOLDEN retriever , *BLOOD cell count , *DOGS , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
A 6‐year‐old male golden retriever presented with swelling of the left upper eyelid of 2 months duration, which did not improve following a course of antibiotics. Routine serum biochemistry, complete blood count and diagnostic imaging identified no clinically significant abnormalities. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathologic examination was performed. Eosinophilic granulocytic sarcoma (GS) was diagnosed based on the results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of GS affecting the eyelid of a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Clinical Characteristics and Prognoses of Mucormycosis in Four Children.
- Author
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Li, Li, Zhen, Xiaoli, and Wang, Wenjian
- Subjects
MUCORMYCOSIS ,LUNGS ,HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation ,PROGNOSIS ,ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,MYELOID sarcoma - Abstract
Background: Mucormycosis is a fatal invasive fungal infection that commonly affects immunocompromised children. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis of pediatric patients with mucormycosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective search in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from July 2013 to July 2023 for all patients with mucormycosis. The clinical manifestation, pathogen detection, radiology, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Four cases were identified. Underlying conditions included acute myeloid leukemia with myeloid sarcoma (n = 1), thalassemia (post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; n = 1), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1), and bilateral nephroblastoma (post-bilateral nephrectomy; n = 1). Two patients were disseminated mucormycosis, one case was pulmonary mucormycosis, and one case was cerebral mucormycosis. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the main clinical symptoms of pulmonary mucormycosis, headache was the main clinical symptom of cerebral mucormycosis. Lung CT findings included consolidation, multiple nodules, halo sign, air crescent sign, and pleural effusion. The contrast-enhanced CT showed pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein occlusions in two patients and pseudoaneurysm in two patients. Amphotericin B formulations were administered as first-line therapy in all cases; in three cases, Triazole was administered in combination with amphotericin B. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening disease involving multiple systems. Aorta pseudoaneurysm is a rare and fatal complication, enhanced CT can assist in diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic strategies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Myeloid sarcoma in non-leukemic and leukemic patients.
- Author
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dos Santos, V. M., dos Santos, L. A. M., and Sugai, T. A. M.
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma - Published
- 2024
28. Plant‐derived exosomes: A Green Nanomedicine for Cancer.
- Author
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Sonar, Swarup and Anand, Krishnan
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *EXOSOMES , *TARGETED drug delivery , *EXTRACELLULAR vesicles - Abstract
Exosomes are signalling molecules related to cell‐to‐cell communication. Based on sources (plants, stem cells, and immune cells derived exosomes) it offers promising therapeutic activity against cancer. Plant‐derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potent to provide organic precision nanomedicine to cancer therapeutics including targeted drug delivery. PDEs are gaining attention due to their safety and efficacy. There are plenty of different sources of PDEs in nature. This article explores various plants such as carrots, ginger, lemons, cabbages, blueberries, oranges, tomatoes, grapefruits, and tea leaves, which provide exosomes with distinct therapeutic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. PDEs exhibit significant potential in drug delivery. Ongoing research and clinical trials predict that PDEs will become effective, and affordable solutions for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Complete remission was achieved after chemotherapy in a patient with myeloid sarcoma involving multisystems
- Author
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Shuang-Shuang Zhang, Xiao-Yi Chen, Zi-Yi Wang, and Na Xu
- Subjects
Myeloid sarcoma ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia mimicking acute otomastoiditis.
- Author
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Negara, Ivan, Chemencedji, Inga, Dobrovolschi, Natalia, Sporis, Natalia, Buruiana, Sanda, and Vinogradov, Igor
- Subjects
- *
ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELOID sarcoma , *EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases , *TEMPORAL bone , *DISEASE remission - Abstract
Key Clinical Message: Identifying myeloid sarcoma in rare locations is a diagnostic challenge and requires careful evaluation. The optimal management of extramedullary disease requires further investigation, but tissue biopsy and a personalized approach are crucial. Herein, we describe an unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting with an isolated involvement of the temporal bone after a complete remission of systemic disease for more than a year. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering differential diagnoses and appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Myelodysplasia Cutis.
- Author
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Whittington, Carli P., Ross, Charles W., Ramirez, James A., Lowe, Lori, Brown, Noah, and Hristov, Alexandra C.
- Subjects
- *
STEROID drugs , *MYELODYSPLASTIC syndromes , *SWEET'S syndrome , *CYTOLOGY , *BIOPSY , *DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis , *CYTOPENIA , *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies , *MYELOID cells , *MYELOID sarcoma , *BLOOD cell count , *SKIN , *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization , *MYELOID leukemia , *GENETIC mutation , *SEQUENCE analysis , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
* Context.--Myelodysplasia cutis is an emerging concept in cutaneous neoplasia. Many of these cases were previously included under the umbrella of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. However, with the advent of next-generation sequencing, cutaneous involvement by myelodysplastic syndrome is being increasingly recognized. Objective.--To review histiocytoid Sweet syndrome and myelodysplasia cutis and discuss our current understanding of these entities. Additionally, to discuss how next-generation sequencing can be applied in the evaluation of cutaneous infiltrates of immature histiocytoid cells. Data Sources.--The English-language literature from 2005 to 2023 on the topic of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome and myelodysplasia cutis was reviewed. Conclusions.--Biopsy specimens showing infiltrates of histiocytoid, immature myeloid cells may represent cutaneous involvement by myelodysplastic syndrome. Close clinical correlation is recommended in these cases. Recent studies suggest that next-generation sequencing is useful in separating myelodysplasia cutis from true histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. This distinction has important implications for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Acute myeloid leukemia: An unusual manifestation of the trachea.
- Author
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Celidonio, Joseph, Bahethi, Rohini, Malhotra, Raj, and Yan, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases , *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies , *TRACHEA , *BONE marrow , *MYELOID sarcoma - Abstract
Objective(s): Hematologic malignancy involving the trachea is rare. It is even less common for tracheal involvement to be the initial manifestation of this disease. We present a case report highlighting an unusual diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that first presented with prominent tracheal manifestations. There have been only three other published case reports of extramedullary AML with involvement of the trachea. Methods: We discuss direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy findings, including pinkish‐white irregular lesions, which were similar to findings described in the available literature for tracheal AML. Results: Laboratory findings from our case are reported, including peripheral smear demonstrating 57% blasts and bone marrow biopsy confirming the diagnosis of AML, and the relevance of these findings is discussed. Conclusion: In patients with unusual airway lesions, laboratory testing and a comprehensive airway evaluation including biopsy are necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. Level of Evidence: 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. An unusual testicular mass: myeloid sarcoma as a rare extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia.
- Author
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Dharshini, R. Padma Priya, Peter, S. Babu, Chengalvarayan, G., and Kalpana, S.
- Subjects
CANCER diagnosis ,RETROPERITONEUM diseases ,JEJUNUM tumors ,INTESTINAL intussusception ,LYMPH nodes ,BIOPSY ,RETROPERITONEUM ,BONE marrow ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,ABDOMINAL pain ,COMPUTED tomography ,MYELOID sarcoma ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,JEJUNOSTOMY ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,CANCER chemotherapy ,PAIN ,SCROTUM ,TESTIS tumors ,CONSTIPATION ,CASTRATION - Abstract
Background: We report an unusual testicular mass with small bowel and retroperitoneal lymph node deposit proven to be myeloid sarcoma after complete histopathological and hematological workup. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) usually involves lymph nodes and head and neck regions. Uncommon sites like testis and ovary are rarely involved and pose a diagnostic challenge. Extramedullary myeloid sarcoma is most commonly associated with hematological malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. It can precede or co-occur with AML. Considering it as a differential diagnosis in atypical presentation of testicular tumor helps in early treatment. Case presentation: We present a case of TMS with small bowel and retroperitoneal deposits presenting initially as intussusception and a vague scrotal pain. The patient underwent unilateral left radical inguinal orchidectomy. Surgical pathology revealed myeloid sarcoma of the testicle. And later jejunojejunostomy was done for small bowel deposit causing obstruction with retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy taken which revealed granulocytic sarcoma deposit. He developed peripheral blood involvement 4 weeks postoperatively, and bone marrow biopsy showed acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusions: With very short median survival period of 7.5 months, high index of suspicion is required where multifocal lesions are observed in various sites as in our case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Genetic alterations in myeloid sarcoma among acute myeloid leukemia patients: insights from 37 cohort studies and a meta-analysis.
- Author
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Untaaveesup, Suvijak, Trithiphen, Sasinipa, Kulchutisin, Kamolchanok, Rungjirajittranon, Tarinee, Leelakanok, Nattawut, Panyoy, Sujitra, Kaokunakorn, Thanapon, and Owattanapanich, Weerapat
- Subjects
ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,MYELOID sarcoma ,GENE fusion ,COHORT analysis ,FILAGGRIN ,DOMINANCE (Genetics) ,PRELEUKEMIA - Abstract
Introduction: Variations in mutation rates among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with myeloid sarcoma (MS) underscore the need for a thorough examination. This meta-analysis was conducted to fill the information gap concerning mutation frequencies in AML patients presenting with MS. Materials and methods: This study included retrospective and prospective cohorts. It examined genetic alterations in AML patients with and without MS across all age groups. The search strategy employed terms such as “acute myeloid leukemia,” “extramedullary,” “granulocytic sarcoma,” “myeloid sarcoma,” and “leukemic cutis” in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases. Excluded from the study were reviews, case reports, and case series with fewer than 10 cases. Statistical analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: The primary analysis incorporated data from 37 cohorts involving 5646 diagnosed AML patients and revealed a 17.42% incidence of MS. The most prevalent mutation among AML patients with MS was FLT3-ITD, with a pooled prevalence of 17.50% (95% CI 12.60% to 22.50%; I² 82.48%). The dominant fusion gene was RUNX1::RUNX1T1, displaying a pooled prevalence of 28.10% (95% CI 15.10% to 41.20%; I² 96.39%). In comparison, no significant intergroup differences were observed for NPM1, FLT3-ITD, KIT, and IDH2 mutations. Interestingly, the CEBPA mutation exhibited protective effects for MS patients, with an odds ratio of 0.51 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.81; I² 0%). Conversely, the NRAS mutation was associated with an increased risk of MS development, with an odds ratio of 5.07 (95% CI 1.87 to 13.73; I² 0%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis sheds light on the prevalence of genetic mutations in AML patients with MS, providing insights into the unique characteristics of the mutations and their frequencies. These discoveries are crucial in informing therapeutic and prognostic decisions for individuals with myeloid sarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Pancreatic Myeloid Sarcoma Causing Obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
-
Lavette, Laura E., Niehaus, Angela G., Clark, Clancy J., Conway, Jason D., Mishra, Girish, and Jahann, Darius A.
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *LITERATURE reviews , *OBSTRUCTIVE jaundice , *BLOOD diseases , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *CHRONIC pancreatitis , *ENDOSCOPIC retrograde cholangiopancreatography - Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and commonly occurs in sites such as the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissues, and bone. It more rarely manifests in the pancreas, with less than 20 cases reported in the literature since 1987. Despite its rarity, MS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass causing obstructive jaundice, especially if the patient has a known hematologic disease. Isolated cases of pancreatic MS have been known to progress to AML; therefore, it is crucial to differentiate MS from more common diagnoses, such as pancreatic cancer or pancreatitis. This is a case of a 70-year-old male with symptomatic obstructive jaundice secondary to pancreatic MS, ultimately requiring endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for diagnosis and management. Also included is a comprehensive review of previous case reports with similar clinical presentations, management, and treatment of pancreatic MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Opportunities and challenges of indocyanine green in gastrointestinal cancers for intraoperative and nano-medicine application.
- Author
-
Sun, Liting, Meng, Cong, Zhang, Zhongtao, Luo, Yao, Yang, Zhengyang, and Yao, Hongwei
- Subjects
- *
INDOCYANINE green , *GASTROINTESTINAL cancer , *MYELOID sarcoma , *SENTINEL lymph nodes , *LYMPHADENECTOMY - Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal tumours remain high worldwide. Surgical resection is currently the most critical radical therapeutic schedule, while postoperative complications and sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification are closely related to the outcome. Indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated fluorescence imaging is increasingly being used in gastrointestinal surgery. It has been embraced by various surgical disciplines as a potential method to improve lymph node detection and enhance surgical field visualization. ICG can passively concentrate in SLN because of enhanced permeation and retention effects. After excitation by near-infrared light devices, SLN can display higher intensity fluorescence, helping visualization for better lymph node dissection. In addition, visual assessment of intestinal blood flow through ICG may reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Although it has good clinical application, ICG-imaging still faces some problems, such as a higher false-negative rate, poorly targeted biodistribution, and lower fluorescence contrast, due to the lack of active tumour targeting. Thus, different ICG-coupled nanoparticles with inherent characteristics or functional modification-enhanced SLN identification features for gastrointestinal cancers bring benefit through active tumour targeting, superior tumour-background ratio, and high resolution. Nano-ICG combined with potential substances, including enhanced imaging contrast and/or combination therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc.), have been packaged and accumulated in the tumour area through active targeting for multimodal imaging and treatment. In this review, we outline the intraoperative application and possible future nanodirections of ICG in gastrointestinal cancer. The prospects and challenges of nano-ICG diagnostic and therapeutic methods in clinical applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. TTMV::RARA‐driven myeloid sarcoma in pediatrics with germline SAMD9 mutation and relapsed with refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia.
- Author
-
Chen, Jiaqi, Zhou, Xiaosu, Wang, Yang, Zhang, Yang, Chen, Xue, Wang, Tong, Wu, Ping, Zhang, Lina, Liu, Deyan, and Liu, Hongxing
- Subjects
- *
PROTEIN metabolism , *LUMBAR pain , *SPINAL canal , *GENETICS , *GENETIC mutation , *BIOPSY , *ONCOGENES , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *CANCER chemotherapy , *MYELOID sarcoma , *GERM cells , *SIGNAL peptides , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *DISEASE relapse , *ACUTE promyelocytic leukemia , *NUMBNESS , *GENE expression profiling , *BONE marrow , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
The article describes the case of a seven-year-old boy with lumbago and progressive leg numbness and diagnosed with torque teno mini virus (TTMV):: RARA. Topics discussed including finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the patient's development of Klebsiella pneumonia infection and parainfluenza virus infection during treatment of combined chemotherapies, and conclusion on the cause of TTMV:RARA.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Myeloid sarcoma presenting as fingertip necrosis with underlying suppurative tenosynovitis: A case report.
- Author
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Bloomfield, Grace, Finkel, Francisca, Mun'em Al Hourani, Abdel, Gupta, Shivani, Jain, Esha, and Magee, Amanda
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *TENOSYNOVITIS , *NECROSIS - Abstract
Key Clinical Message: We report an unusual case presentation of a patient with necrotic tissue changes of the right second and third fingers, found to have myeloid sarcoma with Staphylococcus‐positive tenosynovitis and underlying acute myeloid leukemia, to highlight the importance of comprehensive evaluation in patients with atypical wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Secondary myeloid sarcoma in the prostate: A case report
- Author
-
Cong Luo, Linwei Liu, and Guoxi Zhang
- Subjects
Myeloid sarcoma ,Myeloid leukemia ,Prostate ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. CNS erythroblastic sarcoma: a potential emerging pediatric tumor type characterized by NFIA::RUNX1T1/3 fusions
- Author
-
Arnault Tauziède-Espariat, Lucille Lew-Derivry, Samuel Abbou, Alice Métais, Gaëlle Pierron, Stéphanie Reynaud, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Cassandra Mariet, Lauren Hasty, Volodia Dangouloff-Ros, Nathalie Boddaert, Marie Csanyi, Aude Aline-Fardin, Claire Lamaison, Fabrice Chrétien, Kévin Beccaria, Stéphanie Puget, and Pascale Varlet
- Subjects
Myeloid sarcoma ,NFIA::RUNX1T1 ,Central nervous system ,CNS leukemia ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Erythroblastic sarcoma (ES) (previously called chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma) are rare hematological neoplams characterized by the proliferation of myeloid blasts at extramedullary sites, and primarily involve the skin and soft tissue of middle-aged adults. ES may be concomitant with or secondary to myeloid neoplasms (mostly acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) or in isolated cases (de novo) without infiltration of the bone marrow by blasts. ES share cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities with AML, including RUNX1T1 fusions. Some of these alterations seem to be correlated with particular sites of involvement. Herein, we report an isolated erythroblastic sarcoma with NFIA::RUNX1T1 located in the central nervous system (CNS) of a 3-year-old boy. Recently, two pediatric cases of CNS MS with complete molecular characterization have been documented. Like the current case, they concerned infants (2 and 3 years-old) presenting a brain tumor (pineal involvement) with leptomeningeal dissemination. Both cases also harbored a NFIA::RUNX1T3 fusion. ES constitutes a diagnostic challenge for neuropathologists because it does not express differentiation markers such as CD45, and may express CD99 which could be confused with CNS Ewing sarcoma. CD43 is the earliest pan-hematopoietic marker and CD45 is not expressed by erythroid lineage cells. E-cadherin (also a marker of erythroid precursors) and CD117 (expressed on the surface of erythroid lineage cells) constitute other immunhistochemical hallmarks of ES. The prognosis of patients with ES is similar to that of other patients with AML but de novo forms seem to have a poorer prognosis, like the current case. To conclude, pediatric ES with NFIA::RUNX1T1/3 fusions seem to have a tropism for the CNS and thus constitute a potential pitfall for neuropathologists. Due to the absence of circulating blasts and a DNA-methylation signature, the diagnosis must currently be made by highlighting the translocation and expression of erythroid markers.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Isolated Myeloid Sarcoma Masquerading as Scattered Abscesses in a Septic Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
- Author
-
Nicholas Nelson, Durva Masih, Ahmed Sabri, Fnu Monika, and Muazzam Mirza
- Subjects
myeloid sarcoma ,soft tissue lesions ,sepsis of unknown origin ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is also known as chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or granulocytic sarcoma. MS is a rare extramedullary infiltration of myeloid cells, most commonly collecting in the skin and causing a small number of localized lesions. It is strongly associated with AML; however, MS more commonly occurs after diagnosis of AML is previously established or after previous treatment of AML. Case Presentation: This case describes a patient with an atypical presentation of MS with no known history of AML and up to 18 lesions identified on CT scan that were previously being monitored for months by her primary care physician. She presented with sepsis attributed to choledocholithiasis versus bacteremia from scattered abscesses versus osteomyelitis of her left knee; nonetheless, lactic acid failed to improve after common bile duct stent with biliary sphincterotomy/dilation or with incision and drainage and empiric antibiotics. Core needle biopsy of her left abdominal sidewall was eventually positive for MS, but she unfortunately developed multiorgan failure with symptomatic hypercalcemia refractory to treatment and ultimately decided to go to comfort care rather than pursue further workup and treatment. Although bone marrow biopsy was ultimately not performed to rule out synchronous AML, this is likely a case of isolated MS due to her scattered skin lesions being present for months prior to hospitalization and acute illness. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of maintaining MS in the differential diagnosis and the importance of early diagnostic core needle biopsy for patients with persistent skin lesions of unknown origin.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Blast from the Past: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting with Cardiac Tamponade.
- Author
-
GONZALEZ, JESSICA M., LOWENHAAR, GABRIEL, PARULKAR, ANSHUL, and PELCOVITS, ARI
- Subjects
- *
ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *PERICARDIAL effusion , *IDIOPATHIC diseases , *MYELOID sarcoma , *CARDIAC tamponade , *SYMPTOMS , *BONE marrow - Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening illness that requires prompt diagnosis and often immediate treatment. It can present in a variety of manners but most commonly is associated with fevers, fatigue, shortness of breath, or infection. Extramedullary leukemia is a less common finding upon initial presentation, but includes dermatologic manifestations, including leukemia cutis, and rarely, large mass-like presentations known as myeloid sarcomas. While leukemic infiltration of organ systems is a well-described phenomenon, cardiac tamponade is a rare form of presentation. Herein we describe a 58-year-old man with a recent hospitalization for idiopathic cardiac tamponade who re-presented to the hospital with worsening dyspnea and fevers. He was found to have a recurrent pericardial effusion with features concerning for tamponade, as well as worsening thrombocytopenia and macrocytic anemia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 24% myeloblasts, confirming the diagnosis of AML. Notably, his cardiac symptoms improved with treatment of his leukemia. To our knowledge, this is one of only a few cases of AML with cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
43. Myeloid sarcoma with RAM phenotype in an adult male presenting with CNS relapse; no longer a pediatric disease.
- Author
-
Panda, Devasis, Tejwani, Narender, Pandey, Pooja, Mehta, Anurag, Rainchwar, Sujay, Panda, Tribikram, Halder, Rohan, Palatty, Roy J., Agrawal, Narendra, and Bhurani, Dinesh
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *PHENOTYPES , *ADULTS , *MEDICAL personnel , *RAMS - Abstract
This article describes a case of myeloid sarcoma with RAM immunophenotype in an adult male who had a relapse of a primary mediastinal mass lesion with involvement in the central nervous system (CNS) and bone marrow. The patient had previously been diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma in the pediatric population. The article discusses the unique characteristics of AML-RAM, including its association with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 fusion and its predominantly pediatric occurrence. The prognosis for AML-RAM is generally poor, and further research is needed to improve outcomes and explore targeted therapies. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia - Related Changes after Isolated Myeloid Sarcoma.
- Author
-
Xiaoyu Li, Junping Yin, and Li Li
- Subjects
ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,MYELOID sarcoma ,MYELODYSPLASTIC syndromes ,DYSPLASIA ,BONE marrow examination ,BONE marrow ,MYELOID leukemia - Abstract
Background: As a tumor mass, a myeloid sarcoma consists of myeloid blasts and presents at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. In about one quarter of cases, myeloid sarcoma happens without an underlying acute myeloid leukemia or other myeloid neoplasm, and it may precede or coincide with AML or form acute blastic transformation of MDSs, MPNs, or MDS/MPNs. Methods: Herein, we described a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AMLMRC), with WT1 mutation and high expression of TP53 after isolated myeloid sarcoma of lymph nodes showing a higher proportion of blasts, dysplasia of both megakaryocytes and granulocytes. Conclusions: The case highlights the importance of a bone marrow examination, including morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic, and molecular examination in all cases to exclude the possibility of myeloid sarcoma, especially the morphological feature of bone marrow dysplasia in the early stage before AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. CNS erythroblastic sarcoma: a potential emerging pediatric tumor type characterized by NFIA::RUNX1T1/3 fusions.
- Author
-
Tauziède-Espariat, Arnault, Lew-Derivry, Lucille, Abbou, Samuel, Métais, Alice, Pierron, Gaëlle, Reynaud, Stéphanie, Masliah-Planchon, Julien, Mariet, Cassandra, Hasty, Lauren, Dangouloff-Ros, Volodia, Boddaert, Nathalie, Csanyi, Marie, Aline-Fardin, Aude, Lamaison, Claire, Chrétien, Fabrice, Beccaria, Kévin, Puget, Stéphanie, and Varlet, Pascale
- Subjects
- *
MYELOID sarcoma , *SARCOMA , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *EWING'S sarcoma , *CENTRAL nervous system , *VIRAL tropism - Abstract
Erythroblastic sarcoma (ES) (previously called chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma) are rare hematological neoplams characterized by the proliferation of myeloid blasts at extramedullary sites, and primarily involve the skin and soft tissue of middle-aged adults. ES may be concomitant with or secondary to myeloid neoplasms (mostly acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) or in isolated cases (de novo) without infiltration of the bone marrow by blasts. ES share cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities with AML, including RUNX1T1 fusions. Some of these alterations seem to be correlated with particular sites of involvement. Herein, we report an isolated erythroblastic sarcoma with NFIA::RUNX1T1 located in the central nervous system (CNS) of a 3-year-old boy. Recently, two pediatric cases of CNS MS with complete molecular characterization have been documented. Like the current case, they concerned infants (2 and 3 years-old) presenting a brain tumor (pineal involvement) with leptomeningeal dissemination. Both cases also harbored a NFIA::RUNX1T3 fusion. ES constitutes a diagnostic challenge for neuropathologists because it does not express differentiation markers such as CD45, and may express CD99 which could be confused with CNS Ewing sarcoma. CD43 is the earliest pan-hematopoietic marker and CD45 is not expressed by erythroid lineage cells. E-cadherin (also a marker of erythroid precursors) and CD117 (expressed on the surface of erythroid lineage cells) constitute other immunhistochemical hallmarks of ES. The prognosis of patients with ES is similar to that of other patients with AML but de novo forms seem to have a poorer prognosis, like the current case. To conclude, pediatric ES with NFIA::RUNX1T1/3 fusions seem to have a tropism for the CNS and thus constitute a potential pitfall for neuropathologists. Due to the absence of circulating blasts and a DNA-methylation signature, the diagnosis must currently be made by highlighting the translocation and expression of erythroid markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Isolated Myeloid Sarcoma Masquerading as Scattered Abscesses in a Septic Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
-
Nelson, Nicholas, Masih, Durva, Sabri, Ahmed, Monika, Fnu, and Mirza, Muazzam
- Subjects
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MYELOID sarcoma , *LITERATURE reviews , *CORE needle biopsy , *ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MULTIPLE organ failure , *PLASMACYTOMA , *LIVER abscesses - Abstract
Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is also known as chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or granulocytic sarcoma. MS is a rare extramedullary infiltration of myeloid cells, most commonly collecting in the skin and causing a small number of localized lesions. It is strongly associated with AML; however, MS more commonly occurs after diagnosis of AML is previously established or after previous treatment of AML. Case Presentation: This case describes a patient with an atypical presentation of MS with no known history of AML and up to 18 lesions identified on CT scan that were previously being monitored for months by her primary care physician. She presented with sepsis attributed to choledocholithiasis versus bacteremia from scattered abscesses versus osteomyelitis of her left knee; nonetheless, lactic acid failed to improve after common bile duct stent with biliary sphincterotomy/dilation or with incision and drainage and empiric antibiotics. Core needle biopsy of her left abdominal sidewall was eventually positive for MS, but she unfortunately developed multiorgan failure with symptomatic hypercalcemia refractory to treatment and ultimately decided to go to comfort care rather than pursue further workup and treatment. Although bone marrow biopsy was ultimately not performed to rule out synchronous AML, this is likely a case of isolated MS due to her scattered skin lesions being present for months prior to hospitalization and acute illness. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of maintaining MS in the differential diagnosis and the importance of early diagnostic core needle biopsy for patients with persistent skin lesions of unknown origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Detection and dissection of sentinel nodes in endometrial endometrioid cancer with indocyanine green using PinPoint laparoscopy: Analysis of the learning curve.
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Sharon, Avishalom, Aiob, Ala, Kais, Mohammad, Apel-Sarid, Liat, Tendler, Renee, Dourleshter, Grigory, and Bornstein, Jacob
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LYMPHADENECTOMY , *SENTINEL lymph nodes , *INDOCYANINE green , *MYELOID sarcoma , *FROZEN tissue sections , *ENDOMETRIAL cancer - Abstract
• Pelvic sentinel lymph node dissection using indocyanine green can prevent complete lymph node dissection. • Herein, we evaluated the learning curve of sentinel lymph node resection using indocyanine green. • Sentinel nodes were not detected on the right (10.34%) and left (0%) pelvic sides. Early-stage endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma is managed through laparoscopic total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Detection of positive nodes is rare, and lymphadenectomy may involve complications. Pelvic sentinel lymph node dissection can prevent complete dissection. Herein, we evaluated the learning curve of sentinel lymph node dissection using indocyanine green. Study design: All surgeries for endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma were performed laparoscopically with indocyanine green to detect sentinel nodes. The primary outcome was the ability to identify and resect sentinel lymph nodes on each side. The secondary outcome was correspondence between the frozen section histology of the nodes with the final histology. Among 31 patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma treated between October 2018 and August 2020, 29 who underwent laparoscopy using indocyanine green were enrolled. Complete lymphadenectomy was performed in 16 patients. Failure to recognize sentinel nodes on right and left sides occurred in 10.34% and 0% of cases, respectively. The median number of recognized and dissected sentinel nodes was 1 on both sides (range 0–5). One patient had a lymph node positive for malignancy on histology (3.45%) on both sides. There were 13 and 14 cases of negative frozen sections on the right and left sides, respectively, and 1 case of a positive frozen section with positive whole pelvic lymph nodes. Sentinel node dissection using indocyanine green in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma has a distinct learning curve; however, it is practical and achievable for skilled surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Intracranial myeloid sarcoma as the first presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and literature review.
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Kumarasamy, Sivaraman, Garg, Kanwaljeet, Sharma, M. C., and Chandra, P. S.
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ACUTE myeloid leukemia , *MYELOID sarcoma , *LITERATURE reviews , *EWING'S sarcoma , *EXTRAMEDULLARY diseases , *INTRACRANIAL tumors - Abstract
Introduction: Intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It can involve the meninges and ependyma presenting as extra-axial mass lesion. Rarely, it can also invade the brain parenchyma. It is commonly seen in children. It is usually misdiagnosed due to its close resemblance to other intracranial tumors (meningioma, metastasis, Ewing's sarcomas, and lymphoma). These are underdiagnosed if they precede the diagnosis of leukemia. Case report: A 7-year-old boy with isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma who presented with raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which was successfully managed by surgical excision. Conclusion: Isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of AML. Leukemia can be diagnosed early during the postoperative period and can be started on therapy timely. These patients requires regular follow-ups (clinical, laboratory and radiological) to detect relapses early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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49. Clinical characteristics, treatment options, and prognosis of myeloid sarcoma: analysis using the SEER database.
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Liang, Jingjing, Yang, Liu, Yang, Bo, Tian, Yaru, Ren, Juan, and Yang, Linhua
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MYELOID sarcoma , *DATABASES , *GENITALIA , *OVERALL survival , *DIGESTIVE organs - Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a very rare hematologic disorder. This study analyzes the early treatment options for patients with different types of MS and explores the prognostic factors of MS. Patients aged 15 years and older with MS in the SEER database (diagnosed from 2000 to 2018) were selected, excluding those with an unknown first course of treatment, an unknown location of disease, and less than 1 month of follow-up. Statistical methods used a chi-square test to compare clinical characteristics; Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare survival differences; and Cox proportional risk models to identify prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS). Data were collected from 472 patients: 244 patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma (IMS) and 228 patients with non-isolated myeloid sarcoma (non-IMS). IMS patients mostly chose local treatment, while non-IMS patients mostly chose chemotherapy. There was a significant difference in OS between IMS patients treated with combined treatment and those without treatment. For non-IMS, treated patients had longer OS than untreated, but the difference was not statistically significant. Among adult patients, those younger than 60 years had a better prognosis. Patients with the urinary system, digestive system, reproductive system and chest and abdomen as the initial site had a better prognosis. Early combination therapy in IMS patients had a longer OS, and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy/surgery should be the treatment of choice. For non-IMS patients, early combination therapy did not show a significant advantage. Age and location of first presentation were independent factors affecting MS patients' long-term prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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50. Myeloid sarcoma and pathological fracture: a case report and review of literature.
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Takeyasu, Sho, Morita, Ken, Saito, Seitaro, Toho, Masanori, Oyama, Takashi, Obo, Takafumi, Taoka, Kazuki, Shimura, Arika, Maki, Hiroaki, Shibata, Eisuke, Watanabe, Yusuke, Suzuki, Fumio, Zhang, Liuzhe, Kobayashi, Hiroshi, Hinata, Munetoshi, and Kurokawa, Mineo
- Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Myeloid sarcoma disrupts the normal architecture of its surrounding tissues. When it forms in long bones, it can cause their pathological fracture. We recently experienced a rare case of MDS presenting with myeloid sarcoma in the femur that eventually resulted in its pathological fracture. Detailed chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells suggested emergence of myeloid sarcoma during the fast-paced progression of MDS just after acquiring trisomy 22. A comprehensive review of previous cases of myeloid sarcoma-associated pathological fracture indicated possible involvement of structural rearrangements of chromosomes 9 and 22. Management of myeloid sarcoma should continue to improve, and clinicians should note that myeloid sarcoma with specific chromosomal alterations needs extra medical attention to prevent pathological fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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