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Copyright of Journal of Universal Excellence (JUE) / Revija za Univerzalno Odličnost (RUO) is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of the latest systems and tools in the field of ar- tificial intelligence and the emphasis on the ethical issues it raises, a new concept has emerged in the literature. This is the concept of algorithmic violence. It refers to the development, use, and consequences of AI systems based on algorithms. Our aim in this paper will be to analyse and critically evaluate this notion. The conclusions will be mainly sceptical, but they carry significant implications for the field. It will be argued that while the term does, to some extent, highlight important ethical problems in the use of AI, these are much better characterized by other terms such as bias, discrimination, exclusion, stereotyping, marginalization, unfairness, non-transparency, etc. The use of the term algorithmic violence is thus not well founded and does not bring any par- ticular theoretical or practical advantages or benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zgodovinski Casopis is the property of Zveza Zgodovinskih Drustev Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historical Journal / Historijski Zbornik is the property of Drustvo za Hrvatsku Povjesnicu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Predmet je rada razmatranje kaznenog djela nasilničkog ponašanja u bosanskohercegovačkom kaznenomaterijalnom pravu s teorijskog, normativnog i praktičnog aspekta. U radu se najprije analizira povijesni razvitak kaznenog djela nasilničkog ponašanja na području Bosne i Hercegovine. U središnjem dijelu rada daje se detaljna analiza kaznenog djela nasilničkog ponašanja u BiH s de lege lata aspekta, s posebnim osvrtom na semantičko-kontekstualnu analizu odredbe, uz izlaganje mogućih modaliteta radnji počinjenja ovog kaznenog djela, posljedica djela te prikaz pravnih stajališta sudske prakse. U radu se iznosi kritika pojedinih sudskih odluka u kojima se neopravdano reducira značaj posljedice djela „ugroze građanskog mira“. Naposljetku se iznose i prijedlozi de lege ferenda, a sve u cilju potpunijeg uređenja kaznenog djela nasilničkog ponašanja u BiH.

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Članak tematizira nasilje nad redovnicama uzimajući u obzir da je rodni vid toga nasilja zajednički svim ženama, bez obzira na njihov stalež, službu ili zadaću u Crkvi. U prvom poglavlju predstavljena su svjedočanstva i istraživanja kojima se tema nasilja nad redovnicama pokušava detabuizirati. U drugom poglavlju tematizirano je strukturalno i duhovno nasilje jer ti oblici nasilja tvore temelj i okvir svih drugih oblika nasilja i važni su za razumijevanje nasilja nad redovnicama u cjelini. U trećem i četvrtom poglavlju predstavljene su vrste i pojavni oblici nasilja u ženskim redovničkim zajednicama te klerikalnog nasilja nad redovnicama. U zaključku se kao osobiti problemi identificiraju strukture temeljene na asimetriji moći između klerika i laika, žena i muškaraca, poglavarica i članica zajednica kao i nužnost vremenskog ograničenja obnašanja vodećih službi u zajednici i zabrane istodobnog obnašanja više takvih služba. U kontekstu Katoličke Crkve u Hrvatskoj cilj članka je inicirati detabuizaciju i potaknuti istraživanja toga problema kako bi se stvorili programi prevencije i pomoći žrtvama nasilja.

Copyright of Theological Review / Bogoslovska Smotra is the property of University of Zagreb, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the events in the area of the parish of Sv. Trojica in Haloze during the period of the German occupation between 1941 and 1945. In addition to the literature and archival sources, the article is based on the records of the fully preserved second part of the parish chronicle. Critically examined, it served as the most important source for a case study of what happened in a small area during the Second World War. The article deals with the German occupation system, which was introduced immediately after the occupation in April 1941, and which extended from the cities deep into the Slovenian countryside. Special attention is paid to the forced migrations of priests during the first year of the occupation and to the parish's activities during the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temida is the property of Victimology Society of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pravni Vjesnik is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija za Sociologiju is the property of Revija za Sociologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Phainomena is the property of Phenomenological Society of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The homicide of Vincenzo Molin by Marco Michiel in early 1518 fits into the framework of feuds and enmities between Venetian noble families that broke out in the first half of the sixteenth century. But these events overlapped with greater political and judicial changes, which involved the Council of Ten taking action against elite violence with unprecedented intensity. The result of this intersection is an episode with various outstanding features, in particular, the early questioning of the juridical-cultural relevance of peace-making as essential to ensure the end of judicial exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using statutory law, criminal records, cartelli, and chronicles that address both dueling and vendetta, this paper posits that the increase in dueling and state attempts to regulate peace were interconnected. Specifically, it addresses dueling as part of the peace process, thereby arguing for a reframing of the duel's place in dispute resolution and a reexamination of the type of violence it represents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centring on non-nobles in the Duchies of Styria, Carniola and Carinthia, this paper addresses dispute settlement in Inner Austria, following the Imperial prohibition of feud in 1495 and the Habsburgs' local consolidation of power earlier in the century. These developments are said to have brought about an end to feuding in the duchies in the 1500s, but by focusing on the concept of enmity, which articulated the same state of social relations, this article presents ample evidence that among all social classes dispute settlement retained much of the traditional practices well into the 1700s. Their survival was instrumentally underpinned by various courts of law and local authorities, regarding them as an indispensable element of keeping social cohesion and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Časopis za Zgodovino in Narodopisje is the property of University of Maribor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rad ravnatelja škola uključuje raznovrsne poslove, a kao iznimno osjetljivo i zahtjevno područje može se izdvojiti suradnja s roditeljima učenika. U novije vrijeme na svom radnom mjestu ravnatelji su nerijetko izloženi različitim nedopustivim ponašanjima i nasilju roditelja, no o tome se malo zna i govori. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati ulogu izloženosti nasilju roditelja učenika u predviđanju zadovoljstva poslom ravnatelja osnovnih škola Republike Hrvatske. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 483 (M = 27,7 %; Ž = 72,3 %) ravnatelja iz svih regija Republike Hrvatske, time je obuhvaćeno 52,6 % pripadnika ciljane populacije. Za prikupljanje podataka korišteni su Upitnik sociodemografskih karakteristika, Skala izloženosti nasilju roditelja te Upitnik zadovoljstva poslom. Rezultati pokazuju da je riječ o raširenoj pojavi, a 80,75 % ravnatelja je tijekom svog ravnateljskog staža doživjelo barem jedan oblik nasilja od strane roditelja. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđeno je da ravnatelji koji češće doživljavaju nasilje roditelja imaju nižu razinu zadovoljstva poslom, a regresijska analiza pokazala je da je doživljeno nasilje statistički značajan prediktor zadovoljstva poslom. Jasna osuda svih oblika nasilja roditelja nad ravnateljima te primjena i poboljšavanje postojećih propisa zaključno se izdvajaju kao nužni uvjeti za smanjivanje te negativne pojave i omogućavanje kvalitetnog rada ravnatelja, a time i škola u cjelini.

Cilj je ovog rada produbiti razumijevanje etičkih dilema i izazova u radu stručnjaka pomagačkih profesija u području nasilja nad starijim osobama. Nasilje prema ljudima u starijoj dobi je višedimenzionalan i složen medicinski, pravni i društveni problem. Najčešći su sukobi u pravu starijih osoba na autonomiju/samoodređenje i dužnosti stručnjaka da ih zaštiti. Nepostojanje jasnih i ujednačenih definicija, zakonskih propisa i smjernica za djelovanje otežava stručnjacima rad, izbor strategija i intervencija u nekoj situaciji. Osim navedenih etičkih izazova, pojavljuje se i izazov dužnosti prijavljivanja nasilja, pri čemu stručnjaci nemaju jasne upute ni zaštitu, zatim manjak edukacije za specifično područje nasilja nad starijim osobama te neostvarivosti djelovanja multidisciplinarnog pristupa. Nadalje, stručnjacima je izazov u radu i niska razina društvene osviještenosti za ovu problematiku te percepcija starijih osoba koje ne žele pomoć, odnosno nisu sklone prijavljivanju. Polazeći od teorijskog znanja, profesionalnog iskustva, vrijednosnih načela propisanih u profesionalnim etičkim kodeksima, poznavanja okvira za donošenje etičkih odluka te napose poznavanja individualnih obilježja i situacije u kojima se nasilje dogodilo ili se događa, stručnjacima bi u najvećem broju slučajeva trebalo biti moguće donijeti ispravnu, etički utemeljenu odluku.

Istraživanje seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja u suvremenom srpskom društvu novijeg je datuma. Ranija istraživanja pokazuju da se ono može dogoditi u najrazličitijim situacijama. Međutim, sveučilište je rijetko bio kontekst u kojem se taj problem analizirao, usprkos evidentnoj hijerarhiji moći baziranoj na različitim izvorima. Kako su studentice višestruko ranjiva skupina, ovaj se rad fokusira na istraživanje njihove percepcije i (ne)izravnog iskustva seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, kao i očekivanja od institucionalne reakcije. Analiza se temelji na rezultatima dvije diskusije fokusnih skupina u kojima su sudjelovale 22 studentice sa svih razina studija na Filozofskom fakultetu i Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Rezultati su istraživanja pokazali senzibiliziranost studentica za problem seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, uz određenu dozu (auto)cenzure u razgovoru o navedenom problemu, posebice s roditeljima ili drugim odraslim osobama iz primarne sredine. Također, primijećen je kontinuitet (ne)izravne izloženosti studentica seksualnom uznemiravanju i ucjenjivanju u (izvan)akademskom kontekstu. Studentice očekuju da fakultet i sveučilište reagiraju na pojavu seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, dok istovremeno jedan dio smatra da bi institucionalni odgovor trebalo osigurati izvan fakulteta, pa i akademskog konteksta u cilju dodatne zaštite žrtve. Kao važan dio institucionalnog odgovora ističe se potreba za sustavnom edukacijom o tom problemu, kako studenata, tako i svih sveučilišnih zaposlenika. Istraživanje je potvrdilo kompleksnost i višeslojnost analiziranog problema te može poslužiti kao inspiracija za dodatne analize seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja u akademskom kontekstu.

Copyright of Glasnik Slovenskega Etnološkega Društva is the property of Slovene Ethnological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rad pruža uvid u pozicioniranje ideje zla u savremenoj teorijskoj debati unutar nauke o međunarodnim odnosima i razmatra načine diskurzivne zloupotrebe te ideje u imperijalnoj praksi očuvanja i širenja liberalnog mira u ranom 21. veku. Autori prvo predstavljaju osnovne postavke u konceptualizaciji i tipologizaciji zla, te razmatraju kako su Rusoova i Kantova koncepcija porekla moralnog zla posredno uslovile diferencijaciju epistemoloških pristupa u proučavanju mračne strane međunarodnih odnosa. U središtu analize nalaze se protivrečnosti koje nastaju u procesu vrednovanja zla u vrtlogu svetske politike, i to u pogledu situacione legitimizacije zlih postupaka, značaja grupnog činjenja zla, relativizacije empatičke reakcije na patnje „drugih” i imperijalne taktike zloupotrebe etičkih argumenata protiv tzv. neliberalnih država. Autori predstavljaju i pojedina stanovišta koja bi trebalo da objasne načine i podstaknu da dođe do prevazilaženja „drugosti” u svetskoj politici posredstvom samopreobražaja i preobražaja odnosa sa tim „drugima”. Autori zaključuju da ideja zla, onako kako se tumači u ključu preovlađujuće pozitivističke epistemologije u nauci o međunarodnim odnosima, i to jednako u (neo)realističkoj i institucionalističkoj varijanti, i dalje pruža (pseudo)legitimacijski osnov za politiku intervencionizma liberalnih postindustrijskih demokratija protiv zemalja „otpadnika” sa globalne periferije.

Opći val useljenika, najviše sa prostora Bliskog istoka, ali i iz Afrike, posebice njenog sjevernog dijela, dolazi na granice evropskih i drugih zemalja. Uz opće loše fizičko stanje u kojem se imigranti nalaze, u velikom postotku idu i psihički problemi praćeni očajem i nasilnim ponašanjem, napadima na domaće stanovništvo i njihovu imovinu, itd., što još više produbljuje krizu njihovog statusa u društvu zemlje primateljice, neku vrstu začaranog kruga. Cilj istraživanja jeste utvrditi prisustvo nasilničkog ponašanja kod imigranata sa Bliskog Istoka i Sjeveroistočne Afrike po ulasku u novu zemlju. U istraživanju se pošlo od pretpostavki da su imigranti izloženi nasilju i u većem broju su žrtve u odnosu na domaće stanovništvo, te da su imigranti koji dolaze u potrazi za boljim socioekonomskim prilikama više nasilni od onih koji bježe od rata. Uzorak studije obuhvaća 100 ispitanika, useljenika i domaćeg stanovništva, različitog spola, starosti, zemlje podrijetla i drugih demografskih faktora. Ispitivanje je provedeno u „St Andrew Church Refugee Service“ te online radi anonimnosti na području Egipta, Kairo. Podaci su prikupljeni ASEBA Youth Self-Report – YSR upitnikom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da imigrantsko stanovništvo ima značajnije izražen osjećaj da drugi ljudi u društvi imaju želju da im naškode u usporedbi sa domicilnim stanovništvom. U rezultatima istraživanja su predstavljene i razlike između sjeverno-afričkih i blisko-istočnih useljenika u pogledu malicioznog ponašanja prema drugim osobama iz okoline (pošto blisko-istočni imigranti potječu iz regija sa aktualnim i većim ratnim razaranjima). Može se zaključiti da imigranti porijekla sa Bliskog istoka pokazuju veći stepen lošeg postupanja prema drugim ljudima, u poređenju sa sjeverno-afričkim imigrantima.

Copyright of Filozofski Vestnik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Autumn of 1681, towards the close of the worst plague epidemic to hit early modern Lower Styria, a dispute between the Žalec market-town councillor Johann Christoph Pilpach and Ferdinand Baron Miglio from the nearby Plumberk manor erupted into violence. With the help of soldiers whom Pilpach acquired from the Counts of Strassoldo from Krško in Carniola, he raided Miglio's manor during his absence, threatening to serve him lead 'cherries' (bullets), for which the nobleman avenged himself by ransacking the market-burgher's house in Žalec. This paper analyses the rather unusual, active enmity between two socially unequal adversaries through traditional practices of conducting and settling disputes, which also enables a look at other social relations among this conflict's main actors. Due to very fragmentary sources, it is unknown what set it off, although Pilpach's ransacking of the manor suggests that it might have been due to Miglio's debts to the affluent market-burgher. Perhaps their dispute was connected to the one between the baron and the Fraziolis, the former administrators of his manor, or to a dispute the Fraziolis or Pilpachs might have had with the Žalec market-burgher family Galič (Galitsch), the new administrators of Plumberk. The ensuing violence is better documented. Pilpach's raid on Plumberk manor was co-organised by his son-in-law, Gregor Rozman, who sought help from the Strassoldos. While the exact nature of their relationship with the counts is obscure, it had to be close for an important noble family to lend its soldiers to two market-burghers. Maybe the Strassoldos' help was also related to disputes they themselves might have had with Miglio. Pilpach's social capital was quite possibly further predicated on the marriage of a lesser line of the Valvasor noble family to the Pilpachs from Žalec in early 1680. These connections most likely levelled the field once the market-burgher's dispute with the baron broke out into violence. Miglio's response in September 1681 essentially mirrored Pilpach's actions: ransacking his home under arms, threats with violence and death, stealing his horses, killing his poultry, etc. Maybe the equal response was completely by chance, but, conceivably, the expected reciprocity of violence in enmities also played a role. In the end, Miglio had to justify his actions in court as a measured response to an affront. The violence was exacerbated when Pilpach opted for a recourse to law, after failing to obtain satisfaction (restitution of honour and damages) from Miglio for the attack. Pilpach's attempt to serve a writ to the baron ended with Miglio almost cudgelling the messenger to death, rejecting the attempt as insolence. Despite going to court, the settlement of their dispute or at least the violence seems to have been extra-curial, as was common in enmities among the elite. Likewise, the only intervention by princely authorities seems to have been a demand that Miglio accept the writ, even though violent enmities or feuds broke the provincial (and Imperial) peace and, which was even more critical, attacks on the socially superior upset the social order. There were certainly no grave consequences for Pilpach, who is attested as the Žalec market-town judge in 1684. All of this suggests that the social differences between him and Miglio were formal rather than factual, underpinned by Pilpach's close connections to influential noble families and, probably, also by the fact that the Miglios' rise to nobility was rather recent. His 'equality' with the baron in their enmity probably also helped Pilpach to improve his social standing. Although it is unknown when exactly peace between the baron and Pilpach was made, the plague that decimated Žalec in 1683 seems as a plausible mitigating factor. In any case, in early 1684, Pilpach's wife Ursula Elisabeth and his former enemy Jakob Galič, Miglio's administrator of Plumberk, became godparents to a child of one of their market-town neighbours. This indicates that their enmity was over, most likely following or as part of the peace made between Pilpach and Miglio, since settlement generally included 'all the people' of the conflicting parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Property crimes represent a type of criminal offense that endangers the (illegally appropriated or damaged) property rights of citizens and other legal entities and belong to the type of classic (general) criminality. In terms of scope, this is the most frequent type of crime, but at the same time, while also being the delinquency type with the highest degree of professionalization. The main motive for committing a large number of criminal offenses against property is to obtain property benefits for oneself or someone else. In this paper, the types of property crimes, namely classic crimes, crimes with elements of physical violence, fraudulent crimes, and crimes without a motive of self-interest are analyzed separately, as types of property crimes. Special emphasis is placed on the typical features of property crime, namely: scale, perpetrator anonymity, traces, and the perpetrators of criminal acts themselves. Property crimes with an element of physical violence are among the most serious forms of property crimes where physical force and threats to the victim are the basis of the methods and means of committing the crime. They include the following crimes: robbery, theft, extortion and blackmail. Property crime is a big problem and as such transcends national borders, disrupting the economic, social, and cultural development of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anthropos: Revija za Filozofijo in Psihologijo is the property of Anthropos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the topics of violence and enmity both in terms of their traditional and cultural characteristics, as well as in light of the transformations undergone between the 16th and 17th centuries following the measures implemented in various European environments to target above all the alarming phenomenon of banditry, and adopted in consideration of the new-found need for safety and tranquillity. Enmity is typical of all human groups everywhere and at any point in time. And since for long it was often closely related to a distinct dimension of violence, its characteristics and changes reveal the symbolic meanings and values that each society ascribes to conflicts and to the methods of their resolution. In fact, the concept of enmity, deeply intertwined with that of revenge, played an essential role within a society in which a peace-centred order was not only pre-eminent but also constituted as the safeguarding of social hierarchies focused on status, kinship, and honour. In the second half of the 16th century, in the wake of widespread social insecurity and the crisis of political polycentrism that had characterised the mediaeval state, the cultural system of enmity lost its traditional stamp and became, often unawares, a means of extreme violence. This passage is clearly noticeable in the ruthless challenge that the central powers mounted against banditry, enacting a legislation that led to a veritable state of emergency, which among other things entailed an explicit mandate for the use of private violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses enmities between burghers and other inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana, documented in town council records from 1521 to 1671. In traditional dispute settlement, the concept of enmity was closely related to violent retribution, which was antithetical to the ideals of urban communities, which since the Middle Ages had been established upon the renunciation of the right to feud. Focused on the conception of enmity in the Carniolan capital following the general prohibition of feuding in 1495, the paper analyses the role, language and emotional dimension of traditional practices of dispute settlement, their intertwinement with court proceedings and coexistence with criminal law. While town council records cannot provide a complete picture of the attitude towards enmity or feud in early modern Ljubljana, as no criminal court records survive, they are an important source for understanding social relations more broadly and, in particular, the manner in which everyday enmities that undermined ideals of neighbourliness were mediated by the secular authorities. The analysis shows that in Ljubljana the traditional conception of enmity as a public expression of hostility and discord - the opposite of the urban values of peace, concord and good neighbourliness - remained in use well into the seventeenth century, despite its normative prohibition, as did the traditional terms and emotions expressing this relationship, especially 'resentment', 'bitterness' and (just) 'anger', while 'rage' seems to have still been used very rarely to justify transgressions of social norms. Although physical violence did not always erupt in the investigated cases, and remained limited when it did, it was a viable threat in enmities, even when they were largely carried out before the town council or court. These were the central fora for both conducting and settling enmities among burghers, as well as other lay non-noble inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana. Underpinned by community mediation in disputes, the burgomaster, town judge and councillors principally acted as mediators and arbiters, attempting to lead conflicting parties to settlement before enmity was exacerbated into violence - in particularly bitter cases by forcing them to settle ex officio under threat of sanctions (heavy fines, prison sentences) or even 'harsher', i.e. corporal punishment. The council and court also retained traditional expressions of renewed friendship and neighbourliness, (mutual) public apologies and handshakes to demonstrate reconciliation between the parties. Consequently, the autonomous town authorities were instrumental for the long perseverance of traditional practices of dispute settlement in Ljubljana, which is comparable to findings elsewhere in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Filozofija i Drustvo is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute for Philosophy & Social Theory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filozofija i Drustvo is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute for Philosophy & Social Theory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roditeljska je uloga jedna od najzahtjevnijih životnih uloga koja istovremeno može biti vrlo ispunjavajuća, ali i vrlo zahtjevna i stresna. U posljednje se vrijeme bilježi velik interes za proučavanje sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu koje karakterizira silna iscrpljenost povezana s roditeljskom ulogom, emocionalno udaljavanje od djece i osjećaj neučinkovitosti u roditeljskoj ulozi te sumnja u sposobnost da se bude dobar roditelj. U ovome su radu prikazane validacija i metrijske karakteristike hrvatskoga prijevoda Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu (engl. Parental Burnout Assessment, PBA) autorice I. Roskam i suradnica (2018) koji sadrži četiri supskale (iscrpljenost u roditeljskoj ulozi, suprotnost s prethodnim doživljajem sebe kao roditelja, zasićenost roditeljskom ulogom te emocionalno udaljavanje od djece). Hrvatska verzija Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu pokazala je zadovoljavajuće metrijske karakteristike utvrđene na uzorku od 1025 roditelja (90 % majki) prosječne dobi 40 godina. Rezultati konfirmatorne faktorske analize potvrdili su pretpostavljenu teorijsku četverofaktorsku strukturu upitnika, a ujedno se faktori grupiraju u jedan faktor višega reda sagorijevanja u roditeljskoj ulozi. U prilog valjanosti upitnika govore i značajne očekivane korelacije između roditeljskih samoprocjena sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu i sklonosti perfekcionizmu u roditeljstvu te zanemarivanju djece i nasilju prema njima. Unutarnja konzistencija za ukupnu mjeru sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu iznosi visokih .98, a za supskale od .87 do .96.

The parenting role is one of the most demanding life roles that can be very fulfilling, but also very demanding and stressful at the same time. Recently, there has been significant interest in studying burnout in parenting, which is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with parenting, emotional distancing from children, feelings of inefficiency in parenting, and doubts about the ability to be a good parent. This paper presents the validation and metric characteristics of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) by Roskam et al. (2018) (exhaustion in one's parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up with one's parental role and emotional distancing from one's children). The Croatian version of the PBA showed satisfactory metric characteristics determined on a sample of 1,025 parents (90% of mothers) with an average age of 40 years. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the assumed theoretical four-factor structure of the questionnaires, along with the factors being grouped into one superior factor of burnout in the parental role. Significant expected correlations between parental self-assessments of burnout in parenting and the propensity for perfectionism in parenting and neglect and violence towards children also support the validity of the questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability coefficient for the total measure of burnout in parenthood is high (.98), and it is also high for subscales (from .87 to .96). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]