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We provide external morphological observations of the American genus Pseudophilothrips, which includes two major thrip pests of avocados in Mexico and Central America. The evaluation was based on two taxonomic definitions of the genus that are typically used to identify the thrips specimens using light microscopy. A new definition of the genus Pseudophilothrips is presented with a key to the species. We propose synonyms for two species of Pseudophilothrips that were formerly in the genus Liothrips, with new observations of the arrangements of setae on the head and thorax using scanning electron microscopy. This analysis is intended as a starting point for future taxonomic and systematic studies of Liothrips lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 is a eugnomine weevil genus endemic to New Zealand, with 18 nominal taxa described within the genus. Examination of the type specimens of these taxa with greater understanding of related genera has led to the distinction of four well-defined genera from the species ascribed to the genus. These are the monotypic genus Pittosporobiusgen. nov., with type species P. crassus (Broun, 1880) comb. nov.; Moanusgen. nov., with type species M. lawsoni (Sharp, 1876) comb. nov., and including M. brevipennis (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus griseipictus Broun, 1886 syn. nov.), M. nigrosparsus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus pygmaeus Broun, 1903 - syn. nov.) and M. tumulus Mazur and Brown sp. nov. (type locality Mt Dick, Otago Lakes, South Island, New Zealand); Glabrorhynchusgen. nov., with type species G. costifer (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., and including G. insolitus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., G. purus (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov., and G. halli (Broun, 1914) comb. nov. A reduced concept of Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 contains now four species: S. curvipes White, 1846, S. tuberosus Broun, 1881, S. attelaboides (Fabricius, 1775), S. aper Sharp, 1886. All species within the complex have been redescribed, with details provided of their external morphology and terminal structure and supported by drawings and colour photographs. Keys to genera and species are also provided as well as distribution maps and information about host plants and biology. The systematic position of these genera within the Eugnomini and their similarity with the genus Callistomorphus Perroud, 1865 from New Caledonia are discussed.Article registered number New taxa Glabrorhynchus gen. nov. Moanus gen. nov. Moanus tumulus sp. nov.Pittosporobius gen. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. is an epiphytic moss mainly recorded from East Asia. To clarify its morphological variations and their potential genetic basis, we morphologically compared fourteen samples assigned to M. japonicum, and constructed a phylogenetic tree including these samples based on trnL-F, trnG and ITS2. On the phylogenetic tree, these fourteen samples formed a single clade, being characterized by the typical features of M. japonicum. Comparing the types of M. japonicum var. makinoi (Broth.) Nog., M. dickasonii Bartr. and M. polygonostomum Dixon & P. de la Varde with these samples, and the types of M. japonicum and its former synonyms including Dasymitrium incurvum Lind. and M. bathyodontum Cardot, we found that the variations of the former three species fall within the morphological variation range of the above fourteen samples and the types of M. japonicum, D. incurvum and M. bathyodontum. Therefore, we treated M. japonicum var. makinoi, M. dickasonii and M. polygonostomum as three new synonyms of M. japonicum. Macromitrium giraldii Müll.Hal. is excluded from the synonyms of M. japoncium and likely an acceptable species name. Additionally, M. japonicum is newly recorded for Myanmar. Trois nouveaux synonymes de Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) sur la base de preuves morphologiques et moléculaires. Macromitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk. est une mousse épiphyte principalement observée en Asie de l'Est. Afin de clarifier ses variations morphologiques et leur base génétique potentielle, nous avons comparé morphologiquement quatorze échantillons attribués à M. japonicum, et construit un arbre phylogénétique incluant ces échantillons sur la base trnL-F, trnG et ITS2. Sur l'arbre phylogénétique, ces quatorze échantillons formaient un seul clade, caractérisé par les particularités typiques de M. japonicum. En comparant les types de M. japonicum var. makinoi (Broth.) Nog., M. dickasonii Bartr. et M. polygonostomum Dixon & P. de la Varde avec ces échantillons, et les types de M. japonicum et ses anciens synonymes dont Dasymitrium incurvum Lind. et M. bathyodontum Cardot, nous avons trouvé que les variations des trois premières espèces se situent dans la gamme de variation morphologique des quatorze échantillons ci-dessus et des types de M. japonicum, D. incurvum et M. bathyodontum. Par conséquent, nous avons traité M. japonicum var. makinoi, M. dickasonii et M. polygonostomum comme trois nouveaux synonymes de M. japonicum. Macromitrium giraldii Müll. Hal. est exclu des synonymes de M. japonicum et constitue probablement un nom d'espèce acceptable. En outre, M. japonicum est nouvellement signalé pour le Myanmar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 from the Oriental Region are revised. The resulting number of valid species is 15, of which the following four are described as new: P. halmaherensis Reemer, sp. nov., P. jubata Reemer, sp. nov., P. kodaiana Sankararaman & Reemer, sp. nov., and P. sulawesiana Reemer, sp. nov. Three new synonymies are established: Paramicrodon decipiens de Meijere, 1917, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Microdon vespiformis de Meijere, 1908; Paramixogaster wegneri Keiser, 1964, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Ceratophya indica Doleschall, 1857; Microdon subpetiolatus Thompson, 2020, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Microdon contractus Brunetti, 1923. Paramixogaster huoi Reemer, nom. nov. is introduced as a replacement name for P. trifasciatus Huo & Zhao, 2022, which is a primary homonym of P. trifasciatus Ssymank & Reemer, 2016. Neotypes are designated for Paramixogaster icariiformis Pendlebury, 1927 and Myxogaster variegata Sack, 1922, and a lectotype is designated for Microdon vespiformis de Meijere, 1908. An identification key to the species and diagnoses for all species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Palaearctic species of the adeliine genus Paradelius De Saeger, 1942 are reviewed. The genus Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij, 1988 is synonymised with Paradelius and treated as its subgenus. The following species are transferred to subgenus Paradelius (Sculptomyriola): P. (Sc.) extremiorientalis (Belokobylskij, 1988), comb. nov. ; P. (Sc.) ghilarovi (Belokobylskij, 1988), comb. nov. ; P. (Sc.) neotropicalis Shimbori & Shaw, 2019; P. (Sc.) nigrus Whitfield, 1988; P. (Sc.) rubrus Whitfield, 1988; P. (Sc.) sinevi (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov. A new species Paradelius (Sculptomyriola) koreanus sp. nov. from Korean Peninsula is described. The genus Sinadelius He & Chen, 2000 is synonymised with Paradelius De Saeger and also treated as its subgenus. The species Sinadelius guangxiensis He & Chen, 2000 and S. nigricans He & Chen, 2000 are transferred to Paradelius (Sinadelius) (comb. nov.). A key for determination of the World known Paradelius species from three its subgenera, Paradelius s.str., Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij and Sinadelius He & Chen, and illustrated redescriptions of the type of genus and its Asian species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spider fauna of most African regions is severely understudied, there is a need for revision of old data and publishing new records. The previous list of jumping spiders (Salticidae) of Uganda contained merely 25 species. The presented survey, which is based on material from several museum collections, provides new faunistic and taxonomic information. The data already available in the literature are critically reviewed and an updated checklist of jumping spiders from Uganda is published. Two new genera are established: Phintellosa gen. nov. with type species Maevia comosissima Simon, 1886 and Ruwenzorek gen. nov. with type species Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. Thirty-three species are newly described: Asemonea wagneri sp. nov. (♂), Dendryphantes ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀), Dendryphantes sasa sp. nov. (♀), Enoplomischus pulcher sp. nov. (♂♀), Evarcha degeni sp. nov. (♂), Finger minor sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermosa yurai sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermotimus cornutus sp. nov. (♂♀), Hyllus formosus sp. nov. (♀), Icius entebbensis sp. nov. (♂), Icius hortensis sp. nov. (♂), Longarenus mpanga sp. nov. (♀), Massagris budongo sp. nov. (♂♀), Mexcala inopinata sp. nov. (♂♀), Myrmarachne corusca sp. nov. (♀), Phintella bella sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella jucunda sp. nov. (♀), Phintella nilotica sp. nov. (♂), Plexippoides dentatus sp. nov. (♂), Rhene amabilis sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene eximia sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene hexagon sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene sororis sp. nov. (♀), Rhene ugandensis sp. nov. (♀), Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus africanus sp. nov. (♂♀), Thiratoscirtus bwindi sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus magnus sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus spinifer sp. nov. (♂), Thyene masindi sp. nov. (♂♀), Thyene perfecta sp. nov. (♂), Tusitala ugandensis sp. nov. (♀) and Vicirionessa ignota sp. nov. (♀). Five specific names are synonymized: Enoplomischus spinosus Wesołowska, 2005 with Enoplomischus ghesquierei Giltay, 1931, Evarcha elegans Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 [removed from synonymy of Evarcha werneri (Simon, 1906)] with Hyllus dotatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1903), Myrmarachne mussungue Wanless, 1978 with Myrmarachne evidens Roewer, 1965, Plexippus fibulatus Dawidowicz & Wesołowska, 2016 with Schenkelia modesta Lessert, 1927 and Vicirionessa prenanti (Berland & Millot, 1941) with Vicirionessa fuscimana (Simon, 1903). Two new combinations are proposed: Phintella chopardi (Berland & Millot, 1941) comb. nov. ex Cosmophasis and Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886) gen. et comb. nov. ex Maevia. The as yet unknown females of nine species are described for the first time: Alfenus calamistratus Simon, 1902, Baryphas scintillans Berland & Millot, 1941, Dendryphantes elgonensis Wesołowska & Dawidowicz, 2014, Depreissia myrmex Lessert, 1942, Mikrus ugandensis Wesołowska, 2001, Phintella brevis Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022, Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886), Thiratoscirtus patagonicus Simon, 1886 and Thyene verdieri (Berland & Millot, 1941). The resulting list of salticids from Uganda now contains 141 species, of which 116 are recorded in this country for the first time. There is little overlap in the species list of Uganda and that of the neighbouring countries, not exceeding 40%.

Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 is a eugnomine weevil genus endemic to New Zealand, with 18 nominal taxa described within the genus. Examination of the type specimens of these taxa with greater understanding of related genera has led to the distinction of four well-defined genera from the species ascribed to the genus. These are the monotypic genus Pittosporobius gen. nov., with type species P. crassus (Broun, 1880) comb. nov.; Moanus gen. nov., with type species M. lawsoni (Sharp, 1876) comb. nov., and including M. brevipennis (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus griseipictus Broun, 1886 syn. nov.), M. nigrosparsus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus pygmaeus Broun, 1903 - syn. nov.) and M. tumulus Mazur and Brown sp. nov. (type locality Mt Dick, Otago Lakes, South Island, New Zealand); Glabrorhynchus gen. nov., with type species G. costifer (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., and including G. insolitus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., G. purus (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov., and G. halli (Broun, 1914) comb. nov. A reduced concept of Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 contains now four species: S. curvipes White, 1846, S. tuberosus Broun, 1881, S. attelaboides (Fabricius, 1775), S. aper Sharp, 1886. All species within the complex have been redescribed, with details provided of their external morphology and terminal structure and supported by drawings and colour photographs. Keys to genera and species are also provided as well as distribution maps and information about host plants and biology. The systematic position of these genera within the Eugnomini and their similarity with the genus Callistomorphus Perroud, 1865 from New Caledonia are discussed.Article registered number https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:567ABFD8-97A4-4F7E-9916-5E268DA632B3 New taxa Glabrorhynchus gen. nov. https://zoobank.org/nov.lsid:zoobank.org:act:F99EFE65-8843-450B-9F0B-6D72A136F507 Moanus gen. nov. https://zoobank.org/nov.lsid:zoobank.org:act:A54AC2A0-754F-47A9-A1A4-509285509808 Moanus tumulus sp. nov.https://zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2B8E2A8-39ED-4824-BB0B-BBB990AF29CE Pittosporobius gen. nov.https://zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:act:F71E94D9-71E6-466D-9B11-96659D7D1664

Barbula schensiana, endemic to China is transferred to the genus Didymodon as D. schensianus. It is shown that B. schensiana and its variety longifolia has incorrectly been considered conspecific with Didymodon vinealis and D. constrictus, respectively. Examination of other type specimens from East Asia such as Didymodon guangdongensis, Barbula altipes, Barbula nipponica and B. nipponica var. gracilis revealed that are new synonyms of D. schensianus. The range of the species is extended to Japan, Taiwan and Philippines. The species is described, lectotypified, illustrated and its distribution is mapped. Its distinction from and relationships with, similar species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of the lycophyte genus Phlegmariurus contain the chemical compound Huperzine A, the effective medicinal component treating Alzheimer's disease, thus with huge economic value. To protect the natural resources, plants of the whole genus are listed as the National Key Protected Wild plants in China. In this paper, we revised the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus distributed in China based on morphological, ecological, and geographical evidence. We recognized 21 species from China, and organized them into four sections. Sect. Fargesiani X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang is newly established, and the other three sections were revised based on previous studies, i.e., Sect. Hamiltoniani C. Y. Yang, emend. X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang; Sect. Phlegmariurus; and Sect. Squarrosurus (Herter) X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang, comb. & stat. nov. We reduced the following taxon names to synonymies of various species of Phlegmariurus: Huperzia medogensis, Phlegmariurus austrosinicus, P. changii, P. nylamensis, P. cancellatus var. minor, P. qiongzhongensis, and P. shangsiensis.

Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann) C.J.Saldanha is added to the orchid flora of Sri Lanka from the lowland intermediate zone and G. obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze is omitted from the list. A detailed taxonomic description, color plates, and line drawings with habitat ecology and distribution are provided for the former. Taxonomic notes on the identity of true Gastrochilus dasypogon (Sm.) Kuntze are also discussed in this paper, resulting in the merger of G. acutifolius (≡S. acutifolium), G. denticulatus (≡S. denticulatum), and G. dentatus (≡S. dentatum) under the synonymy of the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a plant- and human-associated fungus, has emerged as a substantial global ecological and agricultural threat aggravated by global warming. It inflicts various diseases, including canker, blight, dieback, leaf spot, root rot, and fruit rot, across a wide spectrum of fruit trees, field crops, shrubs, and arboreal species, with a host range spanning 46 plant families, 84 genera, and 126 species, primarily affecting eudicot angiosperms. Six genera are asymptomatic hosts. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum exhibits worldwide distribution, with the highest prevalence observed in Asia and North America, notably in Iran, Turkey, and California. Rising disease prevalence and severity, aggravated by climate change, particularly impact tropical arid places across 37 countries spanning all 7 continents. This comprehensive review encapsulates recent advancements in the understanding of N. dimidiatum, encompassing alterations in its taxonomic classification, host range, symptoms, geographic distribution, epidemiology, virulence, and strategies for effective management. This study also concentrates on comprehending the taxonomic relationships and intraspecific variations within N. dimidiatum, with a particular emphasis on N. oculus and N. hylocereum, proposing to consider these two species as synonymous with N. dimidiatum. Furthermore, this review identifies prospective research directions aimed at augmenting our fundamental understanding of host—N. dimidiatum interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of the lycophyte genus Phlegmariurus contain the chemical compound Huperzine A, the effective medicinal component treating Alzheimer’s disease, thus with huge economic value. To protect the natural resources, plants of the whole genus are listed as the National Key Protected Wild plants in China. In this paper, we revised the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus distributed in China based on morphological, ecological, and geographical evidence. We recognized 21 species from China, and organized them into four sections. Sect. Fargesiani X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang is newly established, and the other three sections were revised based on previous studies, i.e., Sect. Hamiltoniani C. Y. Yang, emend. X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang; Sect. Phlegmariurus; and Sect. Squarrosurus（Herter） X. C. Zhang ＆ R. H. Jiang, comb. ＆ stat. nov. We reduced the following taxon names to synonymies of various species of Phlegmariurus: Huperzia medogensis, Phlegmariurus austrosinicus, P. changii, P. nylamensis, P. cancellatus var. minor, P. qiongzhongensis, and P. shangsiensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Groutiella Steere is revised on a worldwide basis. Nine species are accepted: G. apiculata (Hook.) H.A. Crum & Steere, G. chimborazensis (Spruce ex Mitt.) Florsch., G. husnotii (Schimp. ex Besch.) H.A. Crum & Steere, G. macrorrhyncha (Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac.) Wijk & Margad., G. obtusa (Mitt.) Florsch., G. reesei (Vitt) B.H. Allen, G. tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad., G. tuberculata B.H. Allen & I.H. Holz and G. tumidula (Mitt.) Vitt. Four species are reduced to synonymy, Groutiella subgoniorrhyncha (Broth.) Wijk & Margad. and G. thraustophylla (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Wijk & Margad. under G. tomentosa, G. maracaibensis (Broth.) B.H. Allen & Goffinet under G. macrorrhyncha, and G. wagneriana (Müll. Hal.) H.A. Crum & Steere under G. apiculata. A key, illustrations and diagnostic features to the recognized species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soldier fly subfamily Beridinae in the family Stratiomyidae contains approximately 280 known species, these being distributed across nearly all biogeographical regions with the exception of the polar regions. On the Korean Peninsula, the species diversity of this subfamily has been poorly examined to date, as is reflected in the National species list of Korea by the National Institute of Biological Resources.In this paper, the soldier fly genus Beris Latreille is reported for the first time from Korea, based on observations of the following three species: B. fuscipes Meigen, 1820, B. hildebrandtae Pleske, 1930 and B. hirotui Ôuchi, 1943. Additionally, the authors propose two nomenclatural acts: 1) B. angustifacies Nagatomi and Tanaka, 1972 syn. nov. = B. hildebrandtae Pleske, 1930; 2) B. liaoningana Cui, Li and Yang, 2010 syn. nov. = B. hildebrandtae Pleske, 1930. The authors also provide an identification key, descriptions, photographs and distributional notes on these Korean species.

Simple Summary: Planaphrodes is a genus of Aprhodinae distributed in the Palaearctic region from Portugal to Japan. This paper reconstructs phylogenetic relationships among species of Planaphrodes based on morphological characteristics for the first time, elucidates the phylogenetic status of the genus and describes two new species found in China. A morphology-based phylogeny of the Holarctic leafhopper genus Planaphrodes Hamilton is reconstructed for the first time based on 39 discrete male adult morphological characters. The results support the monophyly of Planaphrodes, with the included species forming two monophyletic lineages defined mainly by the number and location of aedeagus processes. The position of Planaphrodes in the Aphrodini was resolved as follows: (Stroggylocephalus + (Anoscopus + (Planaphrodes + Aphrodes))). The fauna of Planaphrodes from China, Japan and Korea are reviewed and six species are recognized, including two new species: P. bifasciatus (Linnaeus), P. sahlbergii (Signoret), P. nigricans (Matsumura), P. laevus (Rey), P. baoxingensis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan) and P. faciems sp. nov. (China: Hubei). Acocephalus alboguttatus Kato, 1933 syn. nov. and Aphrodes daiwenicus Kuoh, 1981 syn. nov. are considered junior synonyms of Planaphrodes sahlbergii (Signoret, 1879). Planaphrodes bella Choe, 1981 is a junior synonym of Planaphrodes nigricans (Matsumura, 1912). A checklist and key to species of Planaphrodes are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, 51 species of Lophocoleaceae Vanden Berghen were reported from New Caledonia. Evolving taxonomic concepts have resulted in major recent changes in the taxonomy of Lophocoleaceae at generic level. This paper presents the results of taxonomic revision of the Lophocoleaceae of New Caledonia based on study of the types and further historical as well as recent collections. All accepted species are described and illustrated, with citation of types and synonyms. A key to the New Caledonian species and an index of species names, including those excluded from Lophocoleaceae, are provided. As a result of this revision, 27 species of Lophocoleaceae are accepted for New Caledonia. Heteroscyphus Schiffn. is the largest genus with 18 species, followed by Lophocolea (Dumort.) Dumort. (5 spp.), Chiloscyphus Corda (1), Cryptolophocolea L.Söderstr. (2) and Otoscyphus J.J.Engel, Bardat & Thouvenot (1). Seven species are excluded from the territory and one species is a doubtful taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a plant- and human-associated fungus, has emerged as a substantial global ecological and agricultural threat aggravated by global warming. It inflicts various diseases, including canker, blight, dieback, leaf spot, root rot, and fruit rot, across a wide spectrum of fruit trees, field crops, shrubs, and arboreal species, with a host range spanning 46 plant families, 84 genera, and 126 species, primarily affecting eudicot angiosperms. Six genera are asymptomatic hosts. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum exhibits worldwide distribution, with the highest prevalence observed in Asia and North America, notably in Iran, Turkey, and California. Rising disease prevalence and severity, aggravated by climate change, particularly impact tropical arid places across 37 countries spanning all 7 continents. This comprehensive review encapsulates recent advancements in the understanding of N. dimidiatum, encompassing alterations in its taxonomic classification, host range, symptoms, geographic distribution, epidemiology, virulence, and strategies for effective management. This study also concentrates on comprehending the taxonomic relationships and intraspecific variations within N. dimidiatum, with a particular emphasis on N. oculus and N. hylocereum, proposing to consider these two species as synonymous with N. dimidiatum. Furthermore, this review identifies prospective research directions aimed at augmenting our fundamental understanding of host—N. dimidiatum interaction.

The Neotropical Trosia s. l., which includes Edebessa Walker, Endobrachys C. Felder & R. Felder, Thoscora Schaus and Trosia Hübner s. strict., is reviewed, represented by 44 species, 12 of which are newly described here: Edebessa corinneae sp. n. (Brazil), E. moinieri sp. n. (Brazil), E. onorei sp. n. (Ecuador), Endobrachys cratoplastis sp. n. (Brazil), E. placidula sp. n. (Brazil), E. pulchelulla sp. n. (Brazil), Thoscora chrysogastra sp. n. (Brazil), T. xanthogastra sp. n. (Brazil), Trosia chaconi sp. n. (Costa Rica), T. inornata sp. n. (Brazil), T. semirufula sp. n. (Ecuador), and T. virginalis sp. n. (Mexico). One genus: Eochroma Clench, syn. n. (=Endobrachys C. Felder & R. Felder), and 7 species names: Trosia caramia Dyar, syn. n. (=Endobrachys revocans C. Felder & R. Felder); Trosia ochracea Hopp, syn. n. (=Megalopyge acca Schaus), Podalia darca Dyar, syn. n. (=Thoscora brugea Schaus), Podalia xinga Dognin syn. n. (=Chrysopyga pellucida Möschler), Trosia pulla Forbes, syn. n. (=Isochroma fallax C. Felder & R. Felder), Trosia amala Dyar, syn. n., and Sciathos nigropunctigera Fletcher, syn. n. (=Sciathos semirufa Druce), are regarded as new junior subjective synonyms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical examinations of specimens, with literature reviews, have shown that Rubus davidianus is conspecific with R. lambertianus. Therefore, we treat R. davidianus as a new synonym within Rubus. We propose a new name, Rubus loirensis Ti R. Huang nom. nov. to replace the later homonym of R. pycnanthus Genev. Additionally, lectotypification of three names, R. davidianus Kuntze, R. malifolius Focke and R. viburnifolius Franch., are designated here after examination of previous works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a taxonomic revision of Selaginella from the Himalaya which is a part of the ongoing “Flora of Pan-Himalaya” project, we studied the taxonomy of Selaginella monospora and its closely related species. We found that S. microclada once treated as a synonym of S. monospora should be accepted as a distinct species. In contrast, S. trichophylla, S. monospora var. ciliolata, S. medogensis, and S. effusa var. dulongjiangensis are reduced to synonymy of S. monospora based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Selaginella monospora is characterized by denticulate to ciliolate leaves and strongly dimorphic sporophylls vs. denticulate leaves and slightly dimorphic sporophylls in S. microclada. A lectotypification of S. medogensis was also made in the present study.

This paper is primarily based on collections in Tanzania and Ghana in 1990-1991 and 1991-1994, respectively. In all, 46 species of Chimarra were collected, 31 of them new species. All these species are illustrated or re-illustrated and described in the paper. Additionally, five species from Africa from collections in Illinois and Minnesota, four of them new, are included. This provided the incentive to review the species of Chimarra from the African subregion and assign the majority of them to species groups and subgroups. In the process, several species were synonymized. In all 147 valid species are recognized, of which 51 are treated in this paper. Two major species groups are recognized for Africa, the marginata Group and the georgensis Group. The former is based on the type species for the genus; this is the first formal characterization of this group, as distinct from other species groups in the subgenus. Mainland African species in the marginata Group mostly fall into four large species-diverse subgroups, but a number of smaller subgroups are also recognized. Membership in these subgroups is specified for the majority of African species and characters defining the subgroups informally discussed. The georgensis Group includes a single Asian species and nine previously described African species. They are assigned to two subgroups, one newly recognized in this paper. Several additional species were considered unassigned to subgroup within the georgensis Group. The majority of the new species described in this paper belong to the georgensis Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of Aneuraceae H.Klinggr. from the West Indies is a challenge as a modern taxonomic treatment for the region is lacking. Here we present a revision of the species from Guadeloupe and Martinique using an integrative, morphological and molecular approach. We recognize seven species of Riccardia Gray (R. chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle, R. fucoidea (Sw.) C.Massal., R. hymenophytoides (Spruce) Meenks, R. innovans (Steph.) Pagán, R. regnellii (Ångstr.) K.G.Hell, R. schwaneckei (Steph.) Pagán, R. stipatiflora (Steph.) Pagán) and one species of Aneura Dumort. (A. pinguis (L.) Dumort.) based on examination of types and other collections, as well as on molecular species delimitation analysis using barcoding methods. All species are briefly discussed and illustrated, and a key to species is provided. Riccardia diablotina (Spruce) Pagán, R. distans (Spruce) Pagán, R. grossidens (Steph.) Pagán and R. virgata (Gottsche ex Steph.) Pagán are new synonyms of R. fucoidea, and R. fendleri (Steph.) Pagán, R. planifrons (Spruce) Pagán and R. subsimplex (Steph.) Pagán are new synonyms of R. regnellii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New taxonomic and nomenclatural data are provided for Chinese species of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824. Eight new synonyms are proposed: two at the genus level, Magnicauda Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824 and Leigongshanophaga Lehrer & Wei, 2010 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824, two at the subgenus level, Magnicauda Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Pterosarcophaga Ye, 1981 and Leigongshanophaga Lehrer & Wei, 2010 syn. nov. = Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, and four at the species level, Sarcophaga catoptosa Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga suthep Pape & Bänziger, 2003, Pierretia daozhenensis Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga sichotealini (Rohdendorf, 1938), Pierretia autochthona Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) kanoi Park, 1962, and Parasarcophaga simultaneousa Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga huangshanensis (Fan, 1964). Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) aegyptica Salem, 1935 is considered a senior synonym of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) parkeri (Rohdendorf, 1937). Correct original spellings are established, by First Reviser action, for the genus-group names Magnicauda Wei, 2005 and Pterosarcophaga Ye, 1981 and for the species-group name Magnicauda linjiangensis Wei, 2005. Chinese material of Sarcophaga (Bellieriomima) genuforceps, S. (Robineauella) huangshanensis (holotype and paratype), S. (Liosarcophaga) kanoi, and S. (L.) aegyptica is photographed for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Murphy collection of Oriental Linyphiidae consists of 25 identifiable species, two of which are new to science: Johorea pectinatasp. n. (♂) from West Malaysia and Locketina murphyorumsp. n. (♂♀) from East Malaysia. A new synonym and a new combination are proposed: Nasoona prominulaLocket, 1982 = Nasoona crucifera (Thorell, 1895) syn. n.; Microbathyphantes minimus (Locket, 1982) ex Kaestneria comb. n.Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984) is recorded from Sri Lanka for the first time; Kaestneria bicultrataChen & Yin, 2000 is new for Hong Kong, China; M. minimus and Nasoona locketiMillidge, 1995 are new for Bali, Indonesia; Neriene macella (Thorell, 1898) and Plectembolus triflectusMillidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 are new for Sabah, East Malaysia; Prosoponoides kaharianumMillidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 is new for Java, Indonesia; P. sinense (Chen, 1991), Tapinopa undataZhao & Li, 2014, and Theoa vesicaZhao & Li, 2014 are new for West Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three topics concerning the genus Fissidens Hedw. are addressed. Firstly, description of five new species of the genus, viz. the Malagasy Fissidens arboricola Brugg.-Nann. and F. granulidens Brugg.-Nann., the Mauritian F. papillisetus Brugg.-Nann., the Tanzanian F. rotundifolius Brugg.-Nann. and the Brazilian F. pseudoscindulatus Brugg.-Nann. All five belong to F. subgen. Polypodiopsis (Müll. Hal.) Broth. sect. Antennidens (Müll.Hal.) Paris, are corticolous and have anomalous peristomes. Secondly, taxonomic studies revealed that F. subgen. Aloma (Kindb.) Pursell & Brugg.-Nann. is subsumed under F. subgen. Polypodiopsis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. and F. sect. Semilimbidium Müll.Hal. under sect. Antennidens (Müll.Hal.) Paris and their names are considered new synonyms of the names of the respective infrageneric taxa. Fissidens jonesii Bizot ex Pócs, previously considered conspecific with F. lagenarius Mitt. is re-instated as a good species, described, illustrated and compared to F. lagenarius. Thirdly, Fissidens lagenarius is newly recorded for the Republic of South Africa and its African distribution is amended and updated, with consideration of the revised taxonomic concept of F. jonesii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the genus Belonotaris Arnoldi, 1977 with a straight rostrum from the Middle-Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan and China are revised. Arnoldibelus Legalov, 2009, syn. nov. and Sinoeuglypheus Yu, Davis et Shih, 2019, syn. nov. are synonymized with Belonotaris. The diagnosis of Belonotaris is supplemented, and its family placement is established. A key to B. daohugouensis (Yu, Davis et Shih, 2019), comb. nov., B. gratshevi (Legalov, 2009), and B. rohdendorfi Legalov, 2014 is given. The similarities of the Jurassic weevil faunas from Daohugou, Karatau, Shar-Teg, and Talbragar are discussed. Jurassic Nemonychidae probably developed on Bennettitales and were also associated with gymnosperms of other groups (Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Czekanowskiales, and Coniferales). Species of the genus Belonotaris could be associated with Pterophyllum and other Bennettitales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jumping spider genus Cytaea is an iconic member of the Australo-Pacific region. The genus as recognized today is reportedly not monophyletic, most of the forty-two species described here in the 19th century lacking modern diagnoses and adequate illustrations. The genus clearly needs a throughout revision. To avoid future synonyms, species redescriptions based on integrative taxonomy are necessary. Several species of the genus Cytaea are studied here in terms of species taxonomy. Cytaea alburna Keyserling 1882, the type species, is re-described. We propose Cytaea severa (Thorell, 1881) and Cytaea barbatissima (Keyserling, 1881) are as junior synonyms of the new combination for Ascyltus asper (Karsch, 1878), Cytaea asper (Karsch, 1878) comb nov. as we find to belong to the genus as well. The integrative approach was used based on diagnostic morphological characters (presented as images and drawings), DNA barcodes and a barcode gap analysis which tested the species distinctness. Genitalic structures are redefined and discussed in terms of function. The conclusion for the 4 species were based on 22 specimens, 14 DNA barcodes, publication supplemented with 46 digital micrographs and 7 drawings.http://LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:001FB3A0-074E-4290-B2D8-AD246D629E93

The genus Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 is revised. Most type materials were examined, and a preliminary phylogeny is presented based on a combined dataset of COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and EF-1α gene regions. The tree topology and morphological characters suggest that Paliga Moore, 1886 is a new synonym of Ecpyrrhorrhoe, and Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 is restored as a valid genus. According to the morphological evidence and tree topology, 17 species are recorded, including five new species described from China: E. allochroa Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov., E. rosisquama Xiang & Zhang, sp. nov., E. exigistria Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov., E. brevis Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov. and E. longispinalis Zhang & Xiang, sp. nov. Seven new combinations are created, E. damastesalis (Walker, 1859), comb. nov., E. minnehaha (Pryer, 1877), comb. nov., E. obliquata (Moore, 1888), comb. nov., E. rufipicta (Butler, 1880), comb. nov., E. fimbriata (Moore, 1886), comb. nov., E. machoeralis (Walker, 1859), comb. nov., and E. rubellalis (Snellen, 1890), comb. nov., as well as eight new synonyms, namely Leucocraspeda auratalis Warren, 1895, syn. nov., Pionea schenklingi Strand, 1918, syn. nov., Paliga rubicundalis Warren, 1896, syn. nov., E. angustivalvaris Gao, Zhang & Wang, 2013, syn. nov., Pyrausta pygmaealis South, 1901, syn. nov., E. multispinalis Gao, Zhang &Wang, 2013, syn. nov., E. aduncis Gao, Zhang & Wang, 2013, syn. nov., and E. ruidispinalis Zhang, Li & Wang, 2004, syn. nov. All adults and their genital structures are illustrated and an identification key based on adult external morphology and genitalia is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South American Thinodromus signatus species group is distributed primarily in the Andes of Chile and Argentina, there ubiquitous and almost hegemonistic members of the Carpelimus group of genera. The species live on stream- and riverbanks, often in moss or among gravel. Formerly most species were included in the genus-group taxon Paracarpalimus SCHEERPELTZ, 1937, and one was described in its own subgenus Stenoderophloeus SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n., both are here treated under Thinodromus KRAATZ, 1857. Identities of all the so far named species are clarified, 25 valid species are recognized, eight of these are described here as new: Thinodromus franzi sp.n. (Chile: Aysén), Th. janinae sp.n. (Chile: Bíobío), Th. kadari sp.n. (Chile: Chiloe), Th. newtonorum sp.n. (Chile: Osorno), Th. saizi sp.n. (Chile: Malleco), Th. struyvei sp.n. (Chile: Curicó), Th. tegens sp.n. (Chile: Malleco) and Th. toroi sp.n. (Argentina: Neuquén). Although not recognized as a member of the species group, Th. guttula (BERNHAUER, 1922) is also treated here. The following new synonymies are proposed: Thinodromus andicola (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861) = Tr. cameroni BERNHAUER, 1926, syn.n., Tr. acuticollis BERNHAUER, 1927, syn.n., = Tr. acuticollis var. walkeri BERNHAUER, 1933, syn.n., = Trogophloeus sulcifrons COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968, syn.n., = Trogophloeus atacamensis COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968, syn.n., = T. quadripennis SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n., = Tr. bolsonensis SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n., = Tr. brunnipennis SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n.; Th. germaini (COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968) = Tr. nigronitidus SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n.; Th. guttula (BERNHAUER, 1922) = Tr. binotatus BERNHAUER, 1922, syn.n., = Tr. catamarcanus BERNHAUER, 1925, syn.n.; Th. impressipennis (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861) = Tr. iniquipennis SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n.; Th. nitidifrons (Fauvel, 1867) = Tr. ocultus coiFFait & Sáiz, 1968, syn.n.; Th. schwabei (BERNHAUER, 1939) = Tr. guttifer SCHEERPELTZ, 1972, syn.n.; Th. signatus (ERICHSON, 1834) = Tr. nitidiventris FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861, syn.n. Lectotypes are designated for Homalotrichus fuscus Solier, 1849, Trogophloeus andicola FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861, Tr. angulicollis Fauvel, 1867, Tr. araucanus Fauvel, 1867, Tr. binotatus BERNHAUER, 1922, Tr. championi BERNHAUER, 1912, Tr. grandipennis BERNHAUER, 1934, Tr. guttula BERNHAUER, 1922, Tr. impressipennis FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861, Tr. mersus FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861, Tr. nitidifrons FAUVEL, 1867, Tr. nitidiventris FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN, 1861, Tr. schwabei BERNHAUER, 1939, Tr. signatus erichSon, 1834, Tr. acuticollis var. walkeri Bernhauer, 1933 and neotypes for Trogophloeus asperatus COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968 (Chile: Araucanía), Tr. fulgidus coiFFait & Sáiz, 1968 (Chile: Santiago), Tr. GERMAINI COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968 (Chile: Cachapoal), Tr. ocultus COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968 (Chile: Valparaiso), Tr. sulcifrons COIFFAIT & SÁIZ, 1968 (Chile: Magallanes) and Homalotrichus obscurus Solier, 1849 (Chile: Santiago). Valid species are illustrated by line drawings of the male terminalia and genitalia plus colour habitus photographs. A key is provided for all the treated taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we isolated and identified oomycete species of the genus Saprolegnia. Saprolegnia atlantica, a new species isolated from soil and freshwater bodies in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest (São Paulo state, Brazil), is described herein based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nc rDNA). Taking into account the oospore type and/or the presence of terminal oogonia with androgynous antheridia, this new species appears to be related to S. litoralis and S. terrestris, but the phylogenetic placement of the isolates did not corroborate this relationship. Saprolegnia aenigmatica, S. blelhamensis, S. glomerata, and S. milanezii were also identified in the soil and submerged leaves, surface sediment, and/or water samples from freshwater bodies collected for the study. These specimens were sequenced, included in phylogenetic analyses, and described, commented and/or illustrated. Saprolegnia glomerata is a first report for Brazil, first sequences of S. blelhamensis and S. glomerata were deposited in GenBank, and Brazilian isolates of S. blelhamensis and S. glomerata are designated as epitypes. Our phylogenetic analyses of the Saprolegnia clade and previously published studies suggest that S. bulbosa, S. longicaulis, S. oliviae, and S. maragheica are new synonyms of S. ferax, and S. semihypogyna is a new synonym of S. eccentrica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we present a review of the conifer-feeding aphids of India, Bhutan and Nepal, which includes 30 species. Three new species, viz., Cinara (Cinara) bhutanica sp. nov., associated with Pinus wallichiana in Eastern Himalaya (Bhutan), Cinara (Cupressobium) asishghoshi sp. nov., which infest Juniperus squamata and Cinara (Cupressobium) himalayaensis sp. nov., which are associated with Taxus baccata in Northwest Himalaya (India) respectively, are described and illustrated. A hitherto unknown oviparous female of Cinara lachnirostris Hille Ris Lambers is also described and illustrated. Cinara (Cinara) takahashii nom. nov. is proposed here as a replacement name for Cinara (Cinara) orientalis (Takahashi, 1925), which is a junior secondary homonym of Cinara (Schizolachnus) orientalis (Takahashi, 1924). Cinara indica Verma syn. nov. is proposed as new junior synonym of Cinara confinis (Koch). Cinara maculipes and Cinara takahashii nom nov. from Bhutan and C. tenuipes from Nepal are reported for the first time. Taxonomical and biological information about the presented species are given along with their distribution. A key to identifying the conifer-feeding aphids of India, Bhutan and Nepal is also provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F4A3C8D8-3E11-450E-9EC5-90C7F8409B46

A morphology-based phylogeny of the Holarctic leafhopper genus Planaphrodes Hamilton is reconstructed for the first time based on 39 discrete male adult morphological characters. The results support the monophyly of Planaphrodes, with the included species forming two monophyletic lineages defined mainly by the number and location of aedeagus processes. The position of Planaphrodes in the Aphrodini was resolved as follows: (Stroggylocephalus + (Anoscopus + (Planaphrodes + Aphrodes))). The fauna of Planaphrodes from China, Japan and Korea are reviewed and six species are recognized, including two new species: P. bifasciatus (Linnaeus), P. sahlbergii (Signoret), P. nigricans (Matsumura), P. laevus (Rey), P. baoxingensis sp. nov. (China: Sichuan) and P. faciems sp. nov. (China: Hubei). Acocephalus alboguttatus Kato, 1933 syn. nov. and Aphrodes daiwenicus Kuoh, 1981 syn. nov. are considered junior synonyms of Planaphrodes sahlbergii (Signoret, 1879). Planaphrodes bella Choe, 1981 is a junior synonym of Planaphrodes nigricans (Matsumura, 1912). A checklist and key to species of Planaphrodes are provided.

The jumping spider genus Cytaea is an iconic member of the Australo-Pacific region. The genus as recognized today is reportedly not monophyletic, most of the forty-two species described here in the 19th century lacking modern diagnoses and adequate illustrations. The genus clearly needs a throughout revision. To avoid future synonyms, species redescriptions based on integrative taxonomy are necessary. Several species of the genus Cytaea are studied here in terms of species taxonomy. Cytaea alburna Keyserling 1882, the type species, is re-described. We propose Cytaea severa (Thorell, 1881) and Cytaea barbatissima (Keyserling, 1881) are as junior synonyms of the new combination for Ascyltus asper (Karsch, 1878), Cytaea asper (Karsch, 1878) comb nov. as we find to belong to the genus as well. The integrative approach was used based on diagnostic morphological characters (presented as images and drawings), DNA barcodes and a barcode gap analysis which tested the species distinctness. Genitalic structures are redefined and discussed in terms of function. The conclusion for the 4 species were based on 22 specimens, 14 DNA barcodes, publication supplemented with 46 digital micrographs and 7 drawings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations into the bryophyte flora of Madagascar as part of the MadBryo project, show that five moss genera (Actinodontium Schwägr., Aulacopilum Wilson, Forsstroemia Lindb., Haplohymenium Dozy & Molk., and Herzogiella Broth.) are new for the island. For three additional taxa we clarify the correct name to use for Malagasy specimens. Ectropothecium perrieri Thér. is placed in synonymy with Herzogiella cylindricarpa (Cardot) Z.Iwats. and Lepidopilum diversifolium Renauld & Cardot is reduced to a synonym of Thamniopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) W.R.Buck. These particular cases highlight the hidden diversity lurking within underutilized natural history collections. They should also serve as a reminder that older collections need to be critically reexamined as our taxonomic concepts evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigorous species delimitation is a challenge in biology and systematics in particular. In insects, male genitalia traditionally, and the barcoding region of the CO1 gene recently, are the main markers to identify species, even though a standalone use of CO1 for that is often criticized. In our systematic revision of the mycophagous and in other ways peculiar oxyporine rove beetles of Russia, the legacy alpha-taxonomy could not be improved by traditional investigation of genitalia as they are unusually character-poor in this group. Using phylogenetic inference and ancestral state reconstruction, we demonstrate that CO1 and endophallus are useful markers for species delimitation in Oxyporus. We also show that many morphological traits previously used for species delimitation in Oxyporus are in fact highly variable and thus inconsistent. We hypothesize that in Oxyporus diversification of the endophallic structures is driven by intense intra- and inter-species interactions of multiple individuals co-occurring in narrow spaces inside fungal bodies during mating. Our results encourage broader use of both markers, especially easy-to-generate dna barcodes, for the desired alpha-taxonomical work in Oxyporinae globally. The revision revealed 10 species of Oxyporus in the fauna of the Russian Federation; eliminated erroneous species records; established two new synonyms, Oxyporus (Oxyporus) basicornis Cameron, 1930 = O. (O.) aequicollis Bernhauer, 1935, syn.nov. = O. (O.) parvus Lee et al., 2020, syn. nov.; and raised the hypothesis that O. (O.) aokii Dvořák, 1956, O. (O.) basiventris Jarrige, 1948 and O. (O.) kobayashii Hayashi, 2015 are conspecific with O. (O.) maxillosus Fabricius, 1793. Lectotypes are designated for O. (O.) basicornis Cameron, 1930, O. (O.) germanus Sharp, 1889, O. (O.) niger Sharp, 1889, and O. (O.) triangulus Sharp, 1889. Comprehensive taxonomic treatment and an identification key are provided for all species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesuvium is a genus of 14 to 17 species of succulent plants, both annual and perennial, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus Sesuvium has not yet been studied in detail in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Southern Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay), which has led to a misidentification of numerous specimens as S. portulacastrum. As part of the ongoing floristic, taxonomic and ecologic studies in Argentina, we revise the genus Sesuvium for the Southern Cone. This study is based on field investigation, examination of herbarium specimens, and revision of literature. The taxonomic treatments, maps of distribution, detailed descriptions, photographs, an illustration, a dichotomous key and a comparative table to differentiate the species of the genus Sesuvium occurring in the Southern Cone are presented. Finally, ecological, morphological, and taxonomic aspects of the species are discussed. The new combination of S. americanum (≡ Trianthema americanum Gillies ex Arn.; = S. verrucosum Raf.) is proposed. Lectotypes for three names are here designated (S. revolutifolium Vahl ex Willd.; S. revolutifolium Lam., and S. parviflorum DC.). Four species should be accepted for the Southern Cone: S. americanum, S. humifusum, S. mezianum and S. sessile. Furthermore, S. portulacastrum is excluded from the flora of the Southern Cone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Cyme reticulata Felder, 1861 shows a great variability in New Guinea, and adjacent islands. One of these very common forms appeared to be a new sibling species which is described in this paper: Cyme laeta spec. nov. Four long forgotten allied taxa, described by the authors Rudolf van Eecke and Gustaaf Hulstaert, are compared and treated: Asura roseifusa Hulstaert, 1924a and Asura flavagraphia Van Eecke, 1926 are placed in Cyme (comb.nov.); Asura punctilinea Hulstaert, 1924a syn.nov. and Asura punctilinea aquilonis Hulstaert, 1924b syn.nov. are synonymized with Cyme reticulata Felder, 1861. Of all taxa concerned the adults and genitalia are depicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An annotated list of twenty species of rarely collected and little known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) from the Himalayas is given. Sphecodes bluethgeni sp. nov. is described from Bhutan. Three species are newly recorded from the Himalayas: S. binghami Blüthgen, 1924, S. kershawi Perkins, 1921 and S. laticeps Meyer, 1920. Based on type specimens, new synonymies have been proposed for Sphecodes cameronii (Bingham, 1897) = S. armeniacus Warncke, 1992 syn. nov.; S. gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) = S. indicus Bingham, 1898 syn. nov.; and S. invidus (Cameron, 1897) = S. nigrobasalis Meyer, 1922 syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Sphecodes sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1927. Illustrated keys to males and females of all species known from the Himalayas and an updated checklist of the 26 Himalayan species of Sphecodes are provided. Additionally, one new species from neighboring Uttar Pradesh (India), Sphecodes uttaricus sp. nov., is here described as new and included due to its close relationship to the Himalayan S. sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1927.

Abstract Within the subgenus Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister 1846, D. nisus (Olivier, 1789) and D. superbus (Felsche, 1901) had been historically arranged in the “Nisus” section by Luederwaldt, however, according to the revised classification of the subgenus, the two species now belong to different species groups. In this paper, the taxonomic history concerning the species once included by Luederwaldt in the “Nisus” section is revised and discussed. The following new synonyms are proposed: Pinotus taunayi (Luederwaldt, 1931) as a subjective synonym of D. geminatus (Arrow, 1913), and Pinotus taunayi pilosus (Luederwaldt, 1931) as a subjective synonym of D. nisus. Lectotypes are designated for D. nisus and Pinotus garbei. Redescriptions, diagnoses and updated distribution data are provided for D. nisus and D. superbus. The diagnostic characters of the male genitalia of these species are described and illustrated for the first time.

A revision of the genus Angulaphthona Bechyné, 1960 is provided, with a description of Angulaphthona confusa sp. n. from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and A. rossii sp. n. from Sierra Leone. The following synonymies are proposed: Angulaphthona latipennis (Pic, 1921) = A. latipennis zambeziensis (Bechyné, 1959) syn. n. and Angulaphthona pelengensis Bechyné, 1960 = A. exalta Bechyné, 1960 syn. n. The precedence of the name pelengensis is discussed. Angulaphthona violaceomicans (Chen, 1936) comb. n. (transferred from Aphthona) from Sri Lanka is established, and some hypotheses to explain the presence of the genus outside Africa are put forward. A key to the seven known species is supplied, with microphotographs of diagnostic characters, including male and female genitalia.

Here, we present a review of the conifer-feeding aphids of India, Bhutan and Nepal, which includes 30 species. Three new species, viz., Cinara (Cinara) bhutanicasp. nov., associated with Pinus wallichiana in Eastern Himalaya (Bhutan), Cinara (Cupressobium) asishghoshisp. nov., which infest Juniperus squamata and Cinara (Cupressobium) himalayaensissp. nov., which are associated with Taxus baccata in Northwest Himalaya (India) respectively, are described and illustrated. A hitherto unknown oviparous female of Cinara lachnirostris Hille Ris Lambers is also described and illustrated. Cinara (Cinara) takahashiinom. nov. is proposed here as a replacement name for Cinara (Cinara) orientalis (Takahashi, 1925), which is a junior secondary homonym of Cinara (Schizolachnus) orientalis (Takahashi, 1924). Cinara indica Verma syn. nov. is proposed as new junior synonym of Cinara confinis (Koch). Cinara maculipes and Cinara takahashii nom nov. from Bhutan and C. tenuipes from Nepal are reported for the first time. Taxonomical and biological information about the presented species are given along with their distribution. A key to identifying the conifer-feeding aphids of India, Bhutan and Nepal is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Cornuscoparia Jordan, 1894 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Monochamini), C. barsevskisi spec. nov., is described and figured. A comparison is given with allied species. Three taxa are synonymized: Jonthophana hirticornis Heller, 1910 syn. nov. is synonymized with Cornuscoparia ochracea Jordan, 1894, C. annulicornis wollastoni Gahan, 1915 syn. nov. and C. meeki Breuning, 1980 syn. nov. are synonymized with C. annulicornis (Heller, 1897). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glyptoscelis sinicasp. n. is described from Hunan, China. A new synonym of the genus group name is Lepina Baly, 1863 = Demotinella Jacoby, 1908, syn. n.; the new synonyms of the species group names are: Hyperaxis yaosanicus Chen, 1940 = H. consors Chen, 1940, syn. n.;Cleoporus lateralis (Motschulsky, 1866) = C. birmanicus Jacoby, 1892, syn. n.;C. inornatus Jacoby, 1908 = C. lefevrei (Jacoby, 1895), syn. n., = C. jacobyi Medvedev et Eroshkina, 1985, syn. n. The following new combinations are made: Lepina pectoralis (Jacoby, 1908), comb. n. from Demotinella; L. atra (Lefèvre, 1887), comb. n. and L. balyi (Jacoby, 1896), comb. n. from Apolepis Baly, 1863; Trichotheca brunnea (Tan, 1992), comb. n. from Malegia Lefèvre, 1883; Parheminodes pulcher (Baly, 1864), comb. n. and P. mouhoti (Baly, 1864), comb. n. (with its synonyms P. siamensis (Jacoby, 1895) and P. adonis (Pic, 1928)), P. conspectus (Lefèvre, 1890), comb. n.,P. massiei (Lefèvre, 1893), comb. n.,P. nilgiriensis (Jacoby, 1908), comb. n.,P. hageni (Jacoby, 1884), comb. n. and Platycorynus languei (Lefèvre, 1893), comb. n. from Chrysochus Chevrolat, 1837. Resurrected from synonyms are Platycorynus languei, Parheminodes mouhoti, P. conspectus, P. massiei, Cleoporus variabilis (Baly, 1874), C. robustus (Baly, 1874), C. pallidipes (Fairmaire, 1888), C. tibialis (Lefèvre, 1885), C. aeneipennis (Chen, 1935), C. suturalis Chen, 1935, and Cleorina janthina Lefèvre, 1885. Cleoporus niger (Weise, 1922), C. pygmaeus Weise, 1922 and C. fulvipes (Chûjô, 1938) are tentative synonyms of C. robustus (Baly, 1874). Cleorina bella (Jacoby, 1892), C. lefevrei Jacoby, 1890, C. purpureicollis Pic, 1937 and C. violaceipennis Pic, 1937 are synonyms of C. janthina. Genus Lepina is recorded from China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Singapore (L. inconspicua Baly, 1863) and Indonesia (L. atra (Lefèvre, 1887), L. balyi (Jacoby, 1896)) for the first time. Genera Glyptoscelis Chevrolat, 1836 (G. sinica), Mesocolaspis Jacoby, 1908 (M. spinulosum L. Medvedev et Zoia, 1996) and Lophea Baly, 1865 (L. tonkinea Pic, 1927) are recorded for the first time from China. Most records and descriptions of Chrysochus from the tropical regions actually refer to Parheminodes Chen, 1940. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]