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1. Epidemiology of concurrent extrapulmonary tuberculosis in inpatients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis lesions in China: a large-scale observational multi-centre investigation

Author

Jianxiong Liu, Yongkang Dong, Xinguo Zhao, Song Yang, Chao Zheng, Qunyi Deng, Junfeng Han, Jian Du, Hongyan Chen, Dawei Chen, Qiang Song, Zaoxian Mei, Mingwu Li, Xiangyang Yao, Xiaofeng Yan, Jinshan Ma, Ertai A, Tong Ren, Yanli Zhang, Lei Tan, Shenjie Tang, Peilan Zong, Shuliang Guo, Qingyao Xie, Xinjie Li, Shengsheng Liu, ng Lia, Mei Yang, Yuanyuan Li, Dan Lei, Quanhong Wang, Yuanyuan Liu, Jian Zhang, Peijun Tang, Zhiyi Yang, Ling Chen, Wenyu Liu, Xiaohong Chen, Wanli Kang, Yan Li, Meiying Wu, Hongwei Liu, Fujian Li, Wei Shu, Kun Yan, Yingrong Du, Jianyong Zhang, Jingmin Qin, Fenglin Liu, Yi Zhang, Wenge Han, Pu Wang, Lei Wu, Xinghua Shen, Jian Zheng, Wenyu Cui, and Yan-mei Feng

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Tuberculosis, Epidemiology, Peritonitis, Tuberculous, Disease, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Logistic regression, Tuberculous meningitis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Inpatients, business.industry, General Medicine, Tuberculosis, Pleural, medicine.disease, Association rule, Infectious Diseases, Clinical diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Observational study, Female, business
Abstract

Aims: A high proportion of all tuberculosis (TB) cases present with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), including concurrent EPTB involving more than one extrapulmonary lesion site within the body. However, previous reports only characterised lesions of single-site EPTB cases. This study aimed to investigate epidemiological characteristics and association rules of concurrent EPTB cases in China. Methods: An observational multi-centre study was carried out in China from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017 that included a total of 208,214 patients with EPTB lesions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between gender and age with concurrent EPTB. Association rules were analysed for significance using the Apriori algorithm. Results: The most prevalent form of EPTB lesion was tuberculous pleurisy (49.8%), followed by bronchial tuberculosis (14.8%) and tuberculous meningitis (7.6%). The most predominant concurrent EPTB case type was tuberculous pleurisy concurrent with tuberculous peritonitis (1.80%). Altogether 22 association rules were identified that included 20 strong association rules, among which highest confidence rates were found for tuberculous myelitis concurrent with tuberculous meningitis and sacral TB concurrent with lumbar vertebral TB. Moreover, association rules of EPTB concurrent with other EPTB types were found to vary with gender and age. The confidence rate of tuberculous myelitis concurrent with tuberculous meningitis was higher in females (83.67%) than males and highest in patients of ages 25-34 years (87.50%). Conclusions: Many types of concurrent EPTB were found. Thus, greater awareness of concurrent EPTB disease characteristics is needed to ensure timely clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Published
2021

2. Selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for cancer.

Author

Lia NG, Shib ZH, Tang YP, and Duan JA

Subjects
Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Structure, Substrate Specificity, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, Matrix Metalloproteinases classification, Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

The matrix metalloproteinases are a family of nearly 30 enzymes that are intimately involved in tissue remodeling. Disease processes associated with the matrix metalloproteinases are generally related to imbalance between the inhibition and activation of matrix metalloproteinases resulting in excessive degradation of the extracellullar matrix. These include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor metastasis and congestive heart failure. Despite massive research and development efforts, there are only two drugs launched on the market: periostat (doxycycline), a tetracycline used for periodontal disease and glucosemine sulfate, for osteoarthritis. Possible reasons for the low success rate of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in the clinic are mainly from unwanted side effects caused by their lack of selectivity, since inhibition of collagenase-1 may be responsible for the musculoskeletal side effects observed clinically with broad-spectrum inhibitors. Considering these data, many efforts were directed to developing a more selective second generation of inhibitors against the specific matrix metalloproteinases believed to be involved in the different pathologies. This review mainly focuses on selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors development on matrix metalloproteinases in terms of antitumor since the late 90s, in terms of synthetic compounds of low molecular mass incorporating specific zinc-binding groups, natural products and their derivatives. Through these methods, new hope is emerging in the form of synthetic and natural matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Published
2009
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