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The potential applications of Achillea species in various industries have encouraged the examination of their phytochemical components along with their biological potential. In the present study, phenolic contents and essential oil compositions together with the in vitro biological activities of the aerial parts from Achillea biebersteinii Afan. and Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. collected from Turkey were evaluated. Different solvent extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, water) were prepared and their antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities were studied. The LC-MS/MS results revealed the presence of 16 different phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin, and luteolin glycosides, in methanolic extracts. According to GC-FID and GC/MS results, the primary components of the oils were identified as 1,8-cineole (32.5%), piperitone (14.4%), and camphor (13.7%) in A. biebersteinii and 1,8-cineole (12.3%) and β-eudesmol (8.9%) in A. millefolium subsp. millefolium. The infusion and methanolic extracts of both species were found to be rich in their total phenolic content as well as their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity. In contrast, the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of both species showed strong antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 15 to 2000 μg/mL. Our findings suggest that the investigated Achillea species could be evaluated as potent natural agents, and further studies into the promising extracts are needed.

Objective: In this study we have investigated the effect of extracts obtained from well-known vegetable diets consumed commonly in Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey on the expression of aromatase at protein, mRNA and activity levels in human non-small cell lung cancer cells-PC-3 and PC-14 cell lines. Method: For this purpose, cytotoxicity was determined by using crystal violet stain. In vivo and in vitro aromatase activity was determined flourometrically. The expression of aromatase in protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blotting using anti-hCYP19 and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using suitable primers, respectively. Result: Extracts obtained from Laurus nobilis, Mentha piperita, Crocus sativus reduced aromatase activity 32%, 44%, 36% and 42%, 32%, 56% in PC-14 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively, no significant changes were observed in protein and mRNA levels. Whereas extract obtained from Allium porrum decreased aromatase activity and mRNA level only in PC-14 cell lines by 52% and 2,5-fold, respectively, without significant influence on aromatase protein level. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study have shown that Laurus nobilis, Mentha piperita, Crocus sativus and Allium porrum do contain effective aromatase inhibitors. Therefore, further studies investigating the content of these vegetables are necessary to understand the potential role and mechanism of action of these foods in reducing the risk of non-small cell lung carcinomas.

L'objectif du chapitre est de proposer une analyse sociologique de la trajectoire de Pierre Gisel dans le champ académique de l'Université de Lausanne. En proposant le théologique comme perspective interdisciplinaire cet intellectuel a provoqué un vif débat. En pensant Gisel avec Bourdieu, en allant d'un Pierre à l'autre, nous proposons un éclairage pour dépasser la dispute et de comprendre les "enjeux en jeu".

Quelque chose se passe en Castille lorsque, à la fin du règne de Ferdinand III (1217/1230-1252), aux premières années de celui d'Alphonse X (1252-1284), s'achève la “ reconquête ” et que la royauté castillane entend tirer bénéfice de son alliance avec la maison impériale de Souabe. La noblesse, privée de butin et atteinte dans ses revenus territoriaux par l'attirance qu'exerce sur ses paysans les conditions faites aux colons des terres andalouses, menacée par le renforcement national et international de la monarchie, s'agite, provoquant et soutenant avec le pouvoir royal une tension si forte qu'elle met celui-ci en péril et même, quoique transitoirement, en échec. Ici surgissent les premières tentatives de domestication doctrinale de la noblesse par la couronne au sein du "modèle chevaleresque".