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This research investigates how international educational collaboration (IEC) as a social activity adapts to global crises: COVID-19 and the Russian's invasion in Ukraine. We focus on Finnish higher education institutions (HEIs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that actively provide IEC activities, such as student exchange, education export and educational capacity building abroad. Drawing from the sociology of conventions (SC) and the concept of social practices, we formulate a multidimensional framework that connects regimes of justification, and social practices that emerge in crises. Considering crises as a critical test, we analyse how IEC cope with unexpected situations that require establishing new justifications of public accountability and morality, and practices that fit the crises situation. Our empirical data collected through a two-stage open-ended questionnaire in 2021 and 2022 enables us to consider the recent trends and potential future(s) of IEC. Empirically, we conclude that coping with global crises requires IEC actors to make changes in IEC practices. Analytically, we theorise that regimes of justification and social practices that emerge during crises (crisis practices) are interconnected. Thus, this study contributes to practice-oriented frame by considering accountability of practices in the unexpected circumstances, enhancing the understanding of how different organisations adapt to turbulent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the underexplored issue of climate migration in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) communication, which is particularly relevant given the anticipated effects of climate change on migratory patterns. It paints a richer picture of NGOs’ visual and textual discourses on climate migration and delves into the ways in which NGOs' depictions of climate migrants reinforce the 'us' and 'them' dichotomy that characterises policy and media circuits' wider debate on this issue. NGOs visual practises and textual narratives depoliticize climate migrants by underlining their otherness and propensity to bring social instability and disturbance. This raises doubts about the efficacy of climate migration-related online public education and policy advocacy efforts run by NGOs. This paper innovates as it encourages NGOs to create new ways of depicting climate refugees. It provides a framework for thinking about the role that NGOs could play in creating new ways of discussing climate migration.

The peace process between the Philippine government and the separatist Moro Islamic Liberation Front provided breathing space for many communities and opportunities for calibrated civilian protection practices by the military and non-governmental organisations (NGO s). While the principle of non-intervention largely kept the imprint of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to a minimum, Indonesian and Malaysian brokering enabled the establishment of bridging mechanisms such as ceasefire monitoring committees to moderate the armed violence. A more permissive environment allowed NGO s to deliver humanitarian aid and acquire improved capacities for risk mitigation in the Bangsamoro region, aided in part by a shift in the Philippine military's approach toward putting a premium on civilian consultation and dialogue. Despite these normative gains, the uptick in horizontal violence among rival clans and the military's preference for the use of artillery fire as a conflict de-escalation strategy create enduring challenges for civilian protection on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shelter is one of the most 'intractable problems' in humanitarian aid and yet there is little clarity on an overarching definition. Terminology for shelter and housing is often conflated, and the most prominent definition does not fully reflect recent progress in the Shelter and Settlements Sector. This paper explores the varying terminology utilised in definitions of shelter within humanitarian aid since 1990, reflecting on the concepts of 'shelter' and 'housing', alongside surrounding perceptions of 'house' versus 'home', and related measures of adequacy. The current, most prolific definition is also deconstructed, demonstrating ambiguity in some of terminology such as 'dignity' and 'privacy', and revealing that interpretation of this definition depends on the reader's knowledge. Lastly, a new definition of 'sheltering' is proposed, encompassing five key reflections: the concept of process over object; the inclusion of communities and individuals; the commonality of long‐term sheltering; the wider effects of shelter; and the impacts on host communities and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management strategies are important for firms' competitive positioning. This paper examines how knowledge management codification and personalisation strategies are developed in response to environmental and organisational dynamics in an international non-governmental organisation. A longitudinal case study of the organisation's strategic reformulation of its KM strategy over a 2.5 period is drawn upon. The research examines how pressures in the firm's operating environment led to the organisation identifying the need to leverage the value of local contextual knowledge. Subsequent reformulation required the organisation to change its strategic mix of codification and personalisation over time. Although efforts were focused on increasing personalisation, developments were supported through codification demonstrating a symbiotic, mutually supporting relationship between the strategies. The strategic reformulation involved processes of reflection, repackaging and support activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) increasingly use social media to build and maintain relationships with different stakeholders; however, previous research shows that NGOs face numerous challenges in the strategic use of social media for dialogic engagement to support their mission. While the use of social media by commercial brands has been researched considerably, research on the use of social media by NGOs as a tool for organisation-stakeholder dialogue in South Africa is scarce. Previous studies on social media usage by NGOs in South Africa have focused on social media adoption patterns or on the use of social media in branding but have not addressed the use of social media as a communication tool for relationship building. This study focuses on the use of social media for dialogic engagement by a non-governmental organisation in Gauteng province in South Africa. Data were collected through 10 semi- structured interviews with six full-time employees and four volunteers who work in the marketing, public relations, and fundraising departments and manage online communication for the organisation. The results of the study revealed that the NGO's social ties and stakeholder support are of primary importance and that social media play a strategic role in ensuring fulfilment of the organisational mission and maintaining brand legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the contracting projects of a district branch of the Women's Federation in Guangzhou as case examples to demonstrate both the Chinese state's contractual controls over social work organisations (SWOs) and the pragmatic response strategies of SWOs and professionals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen participants, including local officials of the Women's Federation and social workers from contracted SWOs. It was found that with the ultimate goal of consolidating the legitimacy of the Communist Party of China, the Women's Federation's dual role in politics and service provision had led to normative, managerial, technical and relational controls over SWOs. SWOs and professionals were generally submissive to these controls, but they employed diverse coping strategies, including compliance, bargaining, transformation and investment in personal relationships. The interactions within the contractual relationship created a pragmatic professionalism that embraced dominant political ideologies, employed de-politicising techniques, and personally depended on individual officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation: Employability development is needed to alleviate poverty in South Africa. This study sought to examine employability development, with specific reference to soft employability skills within a low-income community in Gauteng province of South Africa. Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the labour market intervention offered by a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Gauteng added value to learners with specific reference to soft skills (behavioural and psychosocial) needed to become employable. Motivation for the study: Soft employability skills are essential because they are highly demanded by employers today. It is not clear whether the learners from an NGO have obtained soft employability skills (behavioural and psychosocial) during the skills training intervention. Research approach/design and method: A qualitative constructivist approach was utilised. Using purposive sampling, 33 learners from an NGO participated in email interviews. The email interviews were analysed by using four steps prescribed by grounded theory researchers. Main findings: The study results highlight two themes that represent soft employability skills, namely, soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills. Practical/managerial implications: The study provides government and NGOs with an understanding of soft employability skills valued by unemployed low-income workers. Contribution/value-add: This research contributes to literature by expanding the knowledge of soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills. Forgiveness seems to be a new soft employability psychosocial skill, as it was not found in the theories and frameworks used in this article.

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative action and discourse ethics as a theoretical basis merges several factors that have an impact on the use of digital media by internet users. This article provides a qualitative narrative analysis of a study of five South African-based based non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on their experiences with digital media and cyber-ethics during the Covid-19 pandemic. The author interviewed employers and digital media specialists from the NGOs about their experiences with the "eight ethical variables", namely, justice, privacy, access, accuracy, truth, human dignity, regulation, and ownership of information, during the global Covid-19 (acronym for the coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic. The article discusses how the NGOs have been affected by the increasing use of digital media. The article argues that a need exists for a framework of cyber-ethics for self-regulation purposes, to be followed by NGOs to deal with breaches of ethical conduct. Finally, the formulation of a microsocial contract based on the proposed eight ethical variables is offered. The present study contributes to media ethics literature by proposing a framework for ethical conduct for digital media use. This is of importance to internet users and may be achievable if imbedded in employee procedural policies and public policies. It is argued that in formulating appropriate ethical guidelines, Habermas' discourse ethics should be kept in mind for an optimal microsocial contract to be attainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores community-based organisation and non-governmental organisation 'senses of justice' and their interaction with community procedural environmental justice claims. The research was centred on a study of Peru's Loreto Region and the pollution impacts from oil extraction. This was conducted through the political ecology of voice theoretical framework which can act as a bridge between the fields of environmental justice and political ecology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight relevant non-governmental organisations and four community-based organisations operating in Loreto, alongside testimony from other stakeholders. Results show that sense of justice synergies can occur between non-state actors and local communities, achieved through inclusive participatory mechanisms and equitable partnerships. This synergy enables local struggles to be made visible to the wider world as well as heard, evidenced through the grievances being addressed by the state and resource extraction industries. Nevertheless, how transformative these partnerships are is variable, with procedural legal justice offering the most beneficial way for community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations to support local justice struggles. Moreover, to be truly a transformative process, there is a need for these legal justice partnerships to challenge the deeper structural injustice of misrecognition so that human rights, alternative livelihoods and developmental futures are recognised and safeguarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation: Employability development is needed to alleviate poverty in South Africa. This study sought to examine employability development, with specific reference to soft employability skills within a low-income community in Gauteng province of South Africa. Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the labour market intervention offered by a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Gauteng added value to learners with specific reference to soft skills (behavioural and psychosocial) needed to become employable. Motivation for the study: Soft employability skills are essential because they are highly demanded by employers today. It is not clear whether the learners from an NGO have obtained soft employability skills (behavioural and psychosocial) during the skills training intervention. Research approach/design and method: A qualitative constructivist approach was utilised. Using purposive sampling, 33 learners from an NGO participated in email interviews. The email interviews were analysed by using four steps prescribed by grounded theory researchers. Main findings: The study results highlight two themes that represent soft employability skills, namely, soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills. Practical/managerial implications: The study provides government and NGOs with an understanding of soft employability skills valued by unemployed low-income workers. Contribution/value-add: This research contributes to literature by expanding the knowledge of soft employability behavioural skills and soft employability psychosocial skills. Forgiveness seems to be a new soft employability psychosocial skill, as it was not found in the theories and frameworks used in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With disease outbreaks rising, responsive and resilient systems are needed. Understanding how disease outbreaks are managed, and how governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and international governmental organisations (IGOs) work together to respond is essential. Fifteen key informant interviews and one group interview were conducted with individuals in water and health sectors from the Fijian government, NGOs, and IGOs at the water catchment, divisional, and national levels about decision-making during outbreaks. Thematic analysis found changes in communication, collaboration, and coordination during an outbreak. Communication becomes open, transparent, frequent, and utilises informal pathways including social media. Collaboration increases and becomes more flexible, leading to changes in roles, responsibilities and decision-making. The flexibility helps resource and fund redistribution. Coordination guided by government priorities, funding, laws, adaptability, and flexibility, enables targeted actions including resource prioritisation. Maximising the communication, collaboration, and coordination amongst sectors during disease outbreaks and non-outbreak periods can strengthen system resilience and responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play critical roles in providing immediate relief resources and long-term recovery support for communities after a disaster. Drawing on interviews with NGO representatives involved in three Northern California wildfires in 2017 and 2018, this study identifies challenges and opportunities for NGOs supporting wildfire relief and recovery. Across fires and NGOs, NGO management and wellbeing, coordination and disaster experiences emerge as common barriers and enablers of relief and recovery. In many cases, local NGOs' participation in wildfire relief and recovery included simultaneous expansion of an organisation's mission and activities and negative impacts on staff mental health. Under the rapidly evolving circumstances of relief and the prolonged burdens of recovery, personal relationships across NGOs and government agencies significantly improved coordination of assistance to communities. Finally, interviewees expressed greater confidence when responding to wildfires if they had previous experience with a disaster, although the COVID-19 pandemic presented distinct challenges on top of pre-existing long-term recovery work. Despite repeated assertions that interviewees' experiences reflected only their individual community or wildfire, key challenges and opportunities were consistent across disasters. These results may aid other NGOs in preparing to provide immediate disaster relief and long-term recovery in California and other wildfire-prone areas. Non-governmental organisations play critical roles in wildfire relief and recovery. Interviews after three Northern California wildfires reveal changes in NGO mission scope, impacts on mental health, the importance of coordination with government agencies and other NGOs, the value of prior disaster experience, and new challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Photograph (by Jennifer Gray Thompson) shows the home of Gary and Jean Jones destroyed in the Woolsey Fire. The Jones Family has lived on this land in Malibu Canyon for three decades and endured several wildfire threats, but nothing like the force of the Woolsey megafire event that destroyed their home on 8 November 2018 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Social Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article sheds light on how non-formal education was used as a tool to provide knowledge and skills for Manyeledi community members who are engaged in subsistence farming, to improve their crop yield. Manyeledi is a rural village in the North-West province, which, like most rural areas, is experiencing environmental degradation caused by the depletion of natural resources, and poor farming practices. The environmental challenges experienced by this community include among others, the less arable land, changing climatic conditions and poor rainfall.. A growing number of Manyeledi households live in abject poverty, where subsistence agriculture is the only source of livelihood. The community lacks the advanced farming skills needed to deal with the arid land and an acid soil. The paper provides insight into a community engagement project spearheaded by Bokamoso Impact Investment (BII), a non-governmental organisation that works to increase the crop production of marginalised groups. Through the above project, the environmental awareness campaign was launched to impart skills and knowledge that helped the Manyeledi community to deal with the environmental challenges. The training which the project members received through Non-formal education developed a heightened sense of awareness, of the need to improve their farming methods in order to enhance their livelihood sustainability. The study was qualitative in nature and observation and a one-on-one and focus group interviews were employed to collect data. The finding was that the skills and knowledge imparted by the NGO and the University of South Africa, improved the community's farming methods, which boosted crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the objectives of some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is to assist unemployed persons to become employed or self-employed. In Pretoria, Gauteng, one such NGO gives training and support to unemployed persons with the purpose of capacitating them in certain areas of need. This exploratory research was aimed at determining how skilled and highly skilled unemployed persons involved in this NGO's programme view their own ability to become employed or self-employed. The capacity approaches of Sen and Kolbe served as theoretical frameworks for this study. Interpretivism as a research philosophy and a phenomenological approach guided the study. Interpretivism, phenomenology and a qualitative research method were therefore used. Two semi-structured focus group interviews were used to obtain rich data from the participants. Forty-two unemployed persons were involved in the NGO programme at the time, and eleven persons volunteered to participate in the study. Seven persons with a post-school qualification participated in one focus group interview, and four persons with a Grade 12 certificate in the other. The purpose of this division was to attain a wide variety of perspectives in the dynamics of each focus group interview. The trustworthiness of the data was essential; this was achieved by considering credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data into meaningful themes and categories. Saturation of data was taken into consideration. Verbatim extracts were used to substantiate the themes. The themes yielded by the findings were categorised according to Kolbe's capability approach based on the three faculties of the mind (cognitive, affective and conative), as well as the strategies to develop capacity. The findings can be summarised in three main themes, namely the cognitive, or thoughts (self-image, new thinking, skills); the affective, or emotions (motivation, negative emotions relating to relationships, dealing with depression and despondence); and strategies to develop capacity (recognised prior learning and job shadowing). The conative part of Kolbe's approach did not feature in the findings. Recommendations were drafted by combining the findings of the study and the literature review. This combination resulted in the development of a framework to improve employability and self-employability of the skilled and highly skilled unemployed persons. This framework consisted of the "what" (capacities) that should be developed and the "how", that is, strategies to follow in order to develop the capacities ofthe skilled and highly skilled unemployed persons. Training in making online job applications, writing a curriculum vitae, computer skills, how to brand and market oneself, how to network, job interviewing and entrepreneurship should be offered. Coaching and mentoring should be made available, especially to persons who want to be self-employed. Financial assistance should be considered as start-up funds for a new business venture. To improve employability and self-employability, the cognitive, affective and conative parts of the person should, therefore, be taken into consideration when developing personal capacity. It is recommended that, in future research, this study be extended to other skilled and highly skilled unemployed persons and to unskilled unemployed persons in South Africa. The constraints on employability and the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on unemployment in South Africa should also be researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security remains the greatest challenge in poverty alleviation debates in most developing countries. This has prompted a lot of interventions from various institutions. The sustainability and resilience of the strategies is key to sustainable development. The effects of climate change are greatly felt in agricultural sectors and these manifest through changes in soil moisture, temperature, evapotranspiration and rainfall patterns. The impact of climate change is mainly felt by poor households in rural areas who largely rely on rainfed agriculture for their survival. The study is focused on Gutu, a dry southeastern region found in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. The aim of the study is to assess the contribution of the Christian Care conservation programme to food security and its impact on poverty reduction in Zimbabwe. The researcher adopted a qualitative research approach. Data was collected through a desk review of journal articles and reports. Furthermore, in-depth interviews of relevant stakeholders and beneficiaries were conducted. A thematic content analysis was used to present and analyse results. The study concluded that conservation agriculture is an effective climate resilience strategy to fight food insecurity in Ward 14, Gutu. Conservation farming optimises water retention and maintains soil nutrient levels, resulting in increased yields. However, as aridity increases, there is need to develop more mechanised conservation systems in order to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the researcher recommends increased education, and dissemination of information and awareness to promote the adoption of the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the underexplored issue of climate migration in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) communication, which is particularly relevant given the anticipated effects of climate change on migratory patterns. It paints a richer picture of NGOs' visual and textual discourses on climate migration and delves into the ways in which NGOs' depictions of climate migrants reinforce the 'us' and 'them' dichotomy that characterises policy and media circuits' wider debate on this issue. NGOs visual practises and textual narratives depoliticize climate migrants by underlining their otherness and propensity to bring social instability and disturbance. This raises doubts about the efficacy of climate migration-related online public education and policy advocacy efforts run by NGOs. This paper innovates as it encourages NGOs to create new ways of depicting climate refugees. It provides a framework for thinking about the role that NGOs could play in creating new ways of discussing climate migration., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Sakellari M.)

In a previous study, we introduced principles of micro- and macro-reflective cycles as they relate to work-based learning and research. Micro-reflective cycles are common in the literature as these relate to critical reflection practiced by individuals in a variety of well-chronicled domains, including education, nursing, and business. Macro-reflective cycles, we posited, are less common and relate to reflective practice applied at the project, program, or research initiative level. We specifically showed how these cycles can occur within a work-based learning higher degree by research program, and we highlighted the interfaces between reflective cycles showing their centrality to work-based research, particularly when applied as part of a mixed methods design. In this paper, we explore two advanced practice contexts for micro- and macro-reflection made explicit through work-based learning reflection, one related to executive coaching in Singapore and Australia, and the other related to non-government community development in Cambodia, India, and Sri Lanka. We show how the researchers have reflected on these contexts by employing micro- and macro-reflection to explore work-based situations leading individuals, agencies, and companies to higher levels of performance and learning, and we discuss the research which supports each context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulties with financing cultural activities are a subject of many analysis throughout the years as well as many attempts of finding a way to construct a balanced cultural policy at both the state and local government level. Facing those, culture is a sector that is at the forefront of attempts to raise funds for independent initiatives in a non-standard way. The article presents the analysis of three cases of cultural projects of a fundamentally non-institutional and bottom-up nature, as well as crossing sector boundaries. It points to the difficulties that such activities face, while identifying the existing potential and willingness to undertake non-financially motivated cultural actions. In connection with development of the phenomenon of self-organization in culture, as well as the privatization and deinstitutionalisation of cultural participation, there is a need to change the approach of financing cultural activities and actively going beyond the existing framework of cooperation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines, from a management accounting perspective, the efficacy of the dominant 'restricted' funding structure in the international development NGO sector in terms of overall sector effectiveness, and whether it is the most appropriate means of funding NGOs. The objective is to encourage theoretical debate around the tensions highlighted between external accountability for funding and overall value-for-money delivered by individual development NGOs and the wider international development sector. From unique access to three internationally recognised major NGOs, our case studies reveal management accounting as broadly homogenous, with some nuanced distinctions both within and between the cases; but the scope of management accounting emerges as relatively limited. This is despite the NGOs utilising complex accounting software, employing qualified accounting staff, and having a large annual income. Using the broad principles of systems theory to frame our approach, this paper suggests that due to the 'restricted' nature of funding awarded to NGOs by institutional donors, accounting is dominated by external accountability reporting to the detriment of management accounting. These relatively novel data on management accounting practices at international development NGOs help illustrate how, potentially, NGOs are missing opportunities to utilise, or even improve, value-for-money in terms of how various program themes, geographic areas or time periods are delivering better or worse discernible impact for the money spent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NGO sector has been widely criticised for their failure to demonstrate the ideals of partnership in practice, especially between INGOs and their local NGOs in developing countries. Previous literature asserts that conventional partnership often fails to demonstrate its ideals in practice because INGO donors wield enormous power and influence over their local NGO partners because of their control over funds. Using face-to-face interview, focus group discussion, participant observation and documents analysis, firstly, this paper investigates whether ActionAid Nigeria and its local NGO partners share a common understanding of the ideals of partnership? Secondly, it investigates whether these partnership ideals are actually demonstrated in practice. Empirical observations have shown that there is a common understanding of the key principles and values of partnership between the INGO donor and their local partners in Nigeria. In addition, the findings suggest ActionAid Nigeria and its local NGO partners are striving to demonstrate these ideals in practice. Also, the study suggests that the INGO donor and its local NGO partners are willing to promote mutual accountability in their partnership engagements to promote concrete changes in the lives of the beneficiaries of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research sought to analyse how the environmental educator process developed by a nongovernmental organisation with maritime artisanal fishermen from the coast of São Paulo (Brazil) helped to foster dialogue to face the conflict of marine conservation versus fisheries. The data were collected through the analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews composed of a set of indicator questions divided into three categories: external aspects, internal aspects, and dialogical action and answers analysed using a synthesis of the ideas on dialogue of Martin Buber, David Bohm, William Isaacs and Paulo Freire. The results show the incipience of dialogue in the relationship between the actors. The external dialogical aspects were limited to the weekly frequency of the conversations and some formations of the participants in certain meetings. The internal aspects revealed the establishment of two types of relations: one anti-dialogical and another that we called incipient dialogical. In relation to the dialogical action, it was possible to verify the beginning of a process according to the principles of the culture circles, which did not have continuity. Regarding the pedagogical strategies adopted in the different environmental education meetings, it is possible to affirm that the one used in the participatory diagnoses was the only one that potentiates the emergence of dialogue. Finally, it was possible to find dialogical potentialities, which should be stimulated together with the creation of new ones, in order to allow the effective transition to a new model of fishing and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Wisdom is knowing the right path to take, Integrity is taking it" this quote by M.H. McKee rightly explains the aim of sustainable development goals. By adopting best practices and innovative techniques, the severity of problem can be minimised. Educating people towards change is the first step towards a sustainable society. Health plays a major role in everyone's life and by adopting healthy practices one can sideline pathogen which may cause diseases like diarrhoea, fungus infection, worms etc. and it makes lifestyle healthy. This paper attempts to highlight the role non-government organisation "Society For Integrated Developmental Activities Research and Training (SIDART)" play in creating awareness towards personal hygiene, sanitation and other environmental issues. SIDART is one of the non governmental organisation covering different regions of Jaipur and Dholpur with an objective to spread awareness about health, sanitation, personal hygiene, women safety, women empowerment and law by providing vocational trainings for boys and girls, child road safety programme, training and awareness for drivers, HIV/AIDS awareness generation programme, health and nutrition counselling and capacity building programs. This paper discusses vision, mission and goals of SIDART and further illustrates the activities conducted by organisation for improving the quality of life of less privileged people. It also throws light on the problems encountered by organisation in addressing the social issues and explores the future prospects of SIDART. Research methodology which is applied during the research is descriptive in nature. Primary data of the study has been collected through discussion with officials of SlDART. The brochure and published data of SIDART are the source of secondary data. Also, the paper reviews the objectives and action agenda of the upcoming projects of SIDART namely Child Health Project in Phagi, Legal Awareness project for women, young girls and boys and roll out and expansion of child road safety programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Emission Directive (IED) has strengthened the requirement to apply Best Available Techniques (BATs) first introduced by the IPPC Directive. The so-called “Sevilla Process”, which is the formal European process to define and revise BATs, is based upon an exchange of information among different stakeholders and relies on data analysis and expert judgements. If the process to collect and to share information between stakeholders at sectoral and installation levels is well defined, the determination of BATs and BAT-Associated Environmental Levels has evolved along with the revision of the BAT REFerence documents (BREFs). Nevertheless, no formal tool to support the analysis exists. The objective of this article is to present a 5-steps methodology aimed to classify installations according to two multicriteria approaches, either a representative angle or a performant approach, and then to identify reference installations, which would help to propose reference values and possible BATs. The methodology is supported by statistical tools (Principal Component analysis, hierarchical clustering) and algorithmic approach (MissForest). The application to French dairy sectors has validated the methodology and mathematical tools used. Two reference classes has been identified for the representative approach and 19 installations selected. For the performant installations, seven (7) installations has been selected. BATAELs for COD flow are proposed considering these classifications and an effort rate comprised between 23 and 96% has been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dismantling of Apartheid era in South Africa in 1994, the advent of democratic era, was welcomed with a package of hope for the citizens as far as development was concerned. Since then, the government has been playing a key role in service delivery. Nonetheless, gaps exist in dispensing an array of services and this has prompted the interventions of NGOs in such developmental discourses. Through a mixed method research approach, this article explores the milestones of NGOs in South Africa while drawing pieces of evidence from Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that NGOs have responded positively to the prevention and treatment of various diseases, offered training and facilitated medical facilities in the province, promoted early childhood education and finally ensured regularity in services delivery. The article recommends that the public should appreciate and show goodwill to the efforts of the NGOs, pull their resources together to support and sustain the already existing NGO projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to develop a social service system as an efficient and effective system that is fit-for-purpose from the moment it is commissioned and flexible enough to adapt to a different social economic environment. In this paper, the case being studied is a small-scale social work organization in X city of Guangdong Province. The agency has to restructure itself in order to face the external changes in the environment. A 3PE model is originally an industrial service engineering model which is adapted and applied in this case study. The 3PE concepts represent the product, process, people and environment. This article brings significant implications to knowledge building in the social service sector. Moreover, it suggests ways for social work managers on how to act quickly to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Urban agriculture is considered a grassroots solution to food security in Africa. Research consistently supports this belief, and in South Africa urban agriculture is promoted by national and local government. One city supporting urban agriculture is Cape Town, the only South African city with an urban agriculture policy. Although many questions remain regarding the sustainability of non-governmental organisation (NGO)-supported urban agriculture projects in Cape Town and their contribution to food security, this study argues that one must look beyond economics and the physical benefits of urban agriculture to the personal and social benefits. By capturing the lived experiences of cultivators on the Cape Flats in Cape Town, the study shows that urban agriculture not only contributes to food security but builds social capital, which improves livelihood strategies and interpersonal relations. This is especially the case where urban agriculture projects are facilitated by NGOs that fund, train and oversee cultivators in these impoverished communities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The dominant paradigm in rural water provision in Bolivia has focused on the provision of infrastructure, whether by government agencies or international cooperation groups. However, the investment in infrastructure has led neither to universal access for all Bolivians nor to consistently high levels of services for those who do have access to a water system. This paper will describe the transition of one international non-profit organisation, Water For People, from supporting dispersed water projects throughout the country towards targeted support of water services at the municipal level, aiming to support permanent universal services. The institutional evolution – including changes in governance, implementation strategy, donor base, and indicators of success – that allowed field programmes to shift from projects to services provides the context for the change of approach in Bolivia. A discussion of the various aspects that have changed in the organisation’s operations in seven municipalities in Bolivia, from the scale of intervention, to municipal-wide planning information and tools, to support to service providers and service authorities, and an increased focus on post-construction monitoring, demonstrates how the Everyone, Forever approach is resulting in a more service- delivery-oriented approach in Bolivia.