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Olive family (Oleaceae) contains several species among which Olea europaea L. is mostly used for production of olive oils. Various parts of olive tree are rich source of diverse bioactive compounds such as Apigenin, elenolic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Ligstroside, Oleoside, Oleuropein, Oleuropein aglycone, Tyrosol, etc. Among these, oleuropein, a secoiridoid is predominantly found in olive leaves and young olive fruits of different species of Oleaceae family. Scientists have adopted numerous extraction methods (conventional & latest) to increase the yield of oleuropein. Among these techniques, maceration, soxhlet, microwave-assisted, ultrasonication, and supercritical fluid methods are most commonly employed for extraction of oleuropein. Evidently, this review emphasizes on various in-vitro and in-vivo studies focusing on nutraceutical properties of oleuropein. Available literature highlights the pharmaceutical potential of oleuropein against various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, microbial infections, and oxidation. This review will benefit the scientific community as it narrates comprehensive literature regarding absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, extraction techniques, and nutraceutical perspectives associated with oleuropein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light downconversion films can modulate incident light wavebands on crops, converting less utilised wavebands in an efficient way. In this experiment, red (conversion of green into red light wavebands), pink (conversion of UV and green into blue and red light but to a smaller degree than red film), and blue (conversion of UV into blue light) light downconversion films were used to cover blackberry plants throughout all phenological stages (from leaf emergence to fruit harvesting). The plants' physiological and biometric performance, and fruit yield and quality were evaluated. Plants under blue and red films showed a higher net photosynthetic rate with +23.1% and +14.9%, respectively, and a higher stomatal conductance with +56.0% and +23.6%, respectively, with respect to controls, maintaining stability across stages, except for a decrease under the red film during fruiting. Both films significantly boosted the fruit yield, with the red film increasing the fruit number (+49.8%) and the blue film enhancing the berry shape (+10.7) and fresh weight (+36.6). Notably, no significant differences in nutraceutical quality, including total flavonoid and anthocyanin content, were observed. These findings suggest that light downconversion films, particularly red and blue films, can effectively enhance the photosynthetic performance and fruit production in blackberry plants without compromising the fruit quality. Future research on this topic should focus on balancing plant growth, fruit productivity, and enhancing fruit nutraceutical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to monitor apricot development and ripening through gene expression analysis of key candidate genes using the RT-qPCR technique. Eight apricot cultivars were selected to analyze phenological and genetic patterns from pre-ripening stages through to postharvest. In addition, 19 selected genes were analyzed in the contrasting cultivars 'Cebas Red' and 'Rojo Pasión' in different stages (two preharvest stages S1 and S2, one harvest stage S3, and two postharvest stages S4 and S5). This pool of genes included genes related to fruit growth and ripening, genes associated with fruit color, and genes linked to the fruit's nutraceutical aspects. Among the studied genes, Polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methylesterase (PME), Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), and Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (INO1) were directly related to fruit maturation and quality. Significant differential expression was observed between the cultivars, which correlated with variations in firmness, shelf life, and sensory characteristics of the apricots. 'Rojo Pasión' displayed high levels of PG, associated with rapid maturation and shorter postharvest shelf life, whereas 'Cebas Red' exhibited lower levels of this gene, resulting in greater firmness and extended shelf life. Genes CCD4, CRTZ, and ZDS, related to carotenoids, showed varied expression patterns during growth and postharvest stages, with higher levels in 'Rojo Pasión'. On the other hand, Sucrose synthase (SUSY) and Lipoxygenase (LOX2) were prominent during the postharvest and growth stages, respectively. Additionally, GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (VTC2_5) was linked to better postharvest performance. This research provides valuable insights for future breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing the quality and sustainability of apricot cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, advances in nutritional science have led to the development of food-based nutraceuticals as personalized therapeutic agents. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), an under-explored crop with significant nutraceutical potential, stands out from more commonly consumed cereals. As nutritional security becomes increasingly critical, harnessing the benefits of finger millet could establish it as an alternative functional food, improving global well-being through biofortification and integration into staple crops. The dominance of staple crops like rice, wheat, maize, and potatoes provides essential carbohydrates but lacks key amino acids and minerals, posing a risk to food security. Finger millet, with its high levels of calcium, iron, dietary fiber, protein, phytates, and essential amino acids like riboflavin, thiamine, leucine, and isoleucine, presents a valuable opportunity for enhancing nutritional security. Despite its advantages, finger millet has not been a major focus of genetic improvement efforts. Recent advancements in omics and molecular breeding technologies offer promising opportunities to accelerate its genetic enhancement. This review explores how these biotechnological advancements can enrich the nutritional value of finger millet and their implications for nutritional science and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large amount of waste material derives from the horticultural industry. These plant matrices constitute a valuable source of active secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of potential applications, including both human health and veterinary science. Italy is one of the leading European producers of fennel, and the 'Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto' is a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, typical of the Calabria region. In this study, the waste material from this PGI Italian fennel was investigated for the first time as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Both bulbs and aerial parts were extracted with ethanol through maceration, and the phenolic content was assessed, together with the antioxidant properties. Moreover, the nutraceutical value was investigated by evaluating the potential anti-obesity effects. To this end, fennel extracts were studied for their inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in dietary fat absorption. The aerial part extract demonstrated DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 293.13 ± 22.98 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities (IC50 = 43.26 ± 1.90 µg/mL), and it was also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.51 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was highlighted between observed biological properties and fennel phenolic constituents. Obtained results show that 'Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto' PGI by-products are a good candidate for further investigations as a potential source of antioxidant and anti-obesity agents useful as functional ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprehensively reviewed the effect of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the bioactivity of pulse protein hydrolysates (PPHs). Proteolysis results in the partial structural unfolding of pulse proteins with an increase in buried hydrophobic groups of peptide sequences. The use of PPHs in a dose-dependent manner can enhance free radical scavenging and improve antioxidant activities regarding inhibition of lipid oxidation, ferric reducing power, metal ion chelation, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Ultrafiltered peptide fractions with low molecular weights imparted angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vivo conditions. Ultrasonication, high-pressure pretreatments, and glycosylation as post-treatments can improve the antiradical, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities of PPHs. The electrostatic attachment of pulse peptides to microbial cells can inhibit the growth and activity of bacteria and fungi. Bioactive pulse peptides can reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and inhibit the formation of adipocyte lipid storage, allergenic factors, inflammatory markers, and arterial thrombus without cytotoxicity. The combination of germination and enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly increase the protein digestibility and bioavailability of essential amino acids. Moreover, the utilization and enrichment of bakery and meat products with functional PPHs ensure quality, safety, and health aspects of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light downconversion films can modulate incident light wavebands on crops, converting less utilised wavebands in an efficient way. In this experiment, red (conversion of green into red light wavebands), pink (conversion of UV and green into blue and red light but to a smaller degree than red film), and blue (conversion of UV into blue light) light downconversion films were used to cover blackberry plants throughout all phenological stages (from leaf emergence to fruit harvesting). The plants’ physiological and biometric performance, and fruit yield and quality were evaluated. Plants under blue and red films showed a higher net photosynthetic rate with +23.1% and +14.9%, respectively, and a higher stomatal conductance with +56.0% and +23.6%, respectively, with respect to controls, maintaining stability across stages, except for a decrease under the red film during fruiting. Both films significantly boosted the fruit yield, with the red film increasing the fruit number (+49.8%) and the blue film enhancing the berry shape (+10.7) and fresh weight (+36.6). Notably, no significant differences in nutraceutical quality, including total flavonoid and anthocyanin content, were observed. These findings suggest that light downconversion films, particularly red and blue films, can effectively enhance the photosynthetic performance and fruit production in blackberry plants without compromising the fruit quality. Future research on this topic should focus on balancing plant growth, fruit productivity, and enhancing fruit nutraceutical properties.

A large amount of waste material derives from the horticultural industry. These plant matrices constitute a valuable source of active secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of potential applications, including both human health and veterinary science. Italy is one of the leading European producers of fennel, and the ‘Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto’ is a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, typical of the Calabria region. In this study, the waste material from this PGI Italian fennel was investigated for the first time as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Both bulbs and aerial parts were extracted with ethanol through maceration, and the phenolic content was assessed, together with the antioxidant properties. Moreover, the nutraceutical value was investigated by evaluating the potential anti-obesity effects. To this end, fennel extracts were studied for their inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in dietary fat absorption. The aerial part extract demonstrated DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 293.13 ± 22.98 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities (IC50 = 43.26 ± 1.90 µg/mL), and it was also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.51 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was highlighted between observed biological properties and fennel phenolic constituents. Obtained results show that ‘Finocchio di Isola Capo Rizzuto’ PGI by-products are a good candidate for further investigations as a potential source of antioxidant and anti-obesity agents useful as functional ingredients.

Coix is a minor cereal crop with various applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Coix seed is called "Green Food", because of its high unsaturated fatty acid content with minimal toxic residues and heavy metals. Coix can be an excellent choice as a dietary supplement because of diverse bioactive compounds including phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, fibers, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals with significant therapeutic effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunomodulatory, among others. The least attention has been given to the improvement of new elite cultivars of coix with high nutritional values and nutraceutical effects. To date, very few genomic studies, in particular, draft genome and de novo sequencing have been conducted to discover the genes responsible for nutritional traits and their molecular mechanisms that are insufficient for the efficient use of existing germplasms for molecular breeding of coix. Therefore, this review article attempts to highlight bioactive compounds identified from coix with their medicinal uses as well as the recent progress in coix genomic studies which will create research scope for the development of nutrient-rich coix varieties with high therapeutic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mushrooms are generally regarded as useful products with multiple applications in the food and health industry. Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most cultured and consumed mushrooms around the world. With more complexity in medical science and phenomenon like antibiotic resistance, have led to the search for alternatives for disease treatment and prevention. Shiitake mushroom is nutritionally rich and contains numerous minerals (Potassium , Manganese, Magnesium , Iron, and Phosphorus) and vitamins (pro-vitamin D 2 , vitamin B 1 , B 2 , B 6 , B 12 , and niacin) which make it a potential source of nutrition. Shiitake mushrooms contain essential macro and micronutrients as well as many bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, antioxidants, dietary fiber, and ergosterol. Bioactive compounds can be helpful for maintaining the good health of the users and preventing them from diseases. Shiitake mushroom contains phenolics, polysaccharides, sterols, that play role in bodily functions resulting in improved health of the individuals. The review has focused to uncover the therapeutic potential of L.edodes and description of several nutraceutical properties of the shiitake mushroom that can be helpful in preventing and treating diseases. The properties like antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc. are discussed in this review with more focus on the latest update in this context. It has been observed that the shiitake mushroom is one of the useful foods that can confer multiple beneficial effects on the user. Because of presence of many bioactive compounds, it can simultaneously act as an antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer/antitumor, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticholesterol, antioxidative, antiaging, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory agent. Nevertheless, the factors like mushroom strain, growth conditions, substrate, extraction method and temperature also influence the outcomes of the studies. Moreover, the results in non-human subjects, such as animals, have shown positive outcomes but further research is required because of varying results. Importantly, the evidence of beneficial effects of Shiitake in humans is scarce and clinical studies are required. [Display omitted] • Lentinula edodes is one of the most cultured and consumed mushrooms. • Shiitake mushrooms are rich in numerous bioactive compounds and possess nutraceutical properties. • Shiitake mushroom exhibits several medically beneficial properties. • Experiments have proven positive impacts on animals and cell cultures, but studies on humans are scarce. • The dosage and adverse effects must also be studied to prevent overuse of the mushroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprised of five different integrated fertilizers of calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 with ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 ratios (0%:100%, 10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%, and 40%:60%) to enhance the physico-chemical properties, and the antioxidant and nutritional compounds of pomegranate fruits cv. 'Wonderful'. The results discovered that the application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 in different ratios significantly affected all measured parameters. Among integrated fertilizers, the 30%:70% combination showed an increment of 10.8% in fruit weight, 2.9% in fruit length, 11.8% in fruit volume, and 7.0% in fruit diameter. Similarly, total soluble solids, vitamin C, anthocyanin, total sugars, and reduced sugars, were also increased by 11.2%, 14.6%, 20.2%, 7.4%, and 5.2%, respectively. Likewise, values of both color variations from green to red (a*) and from blue to yellow (b*), and chroma, were also increased by 13.8%, 16.6%, and 14.4%, respectively. Moreover, the application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 at a ratio of 40%:60% showed 25.1% decrease in titratable acidity, and 45.4% and 27.0% increase in maturity index and peel luminosity, respectively. Additionally, the 30%:70% combination showed an increment of 30.9% in total phenolic content, 70.5% in total tannin content, and 43.6% in total flavonoid content. Additionally, it showed 25.8% and 1.7% decrease in pH and moisture content, respectively. Moreover, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ni in fruit increased by different increments by application of the 30%:70% with an increasing range of 28% to 175%. A non-reducing sugar increase was observed at an application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 at a ratio of 20%:80% by 47.0%. The findings of this study suggest that using calcium nitrate with ammonium sulphate at a ratio of 30%:70%, using the fertigation approach during the growth season, could be a safe, natural, and novel method for the pomegranate cv. 'Wonderful' to improve fruit quality, and its amount of antioxidants—specifically, phenolics, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and fruit minerals—with health benefits at harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) represents the main caloric source for much of the world's population. Pigmented maize varieties are an excellent source of nutraceutical compounds: blue and yellow maize are rich in anthocyanins as well as carotenoids and phenolic acids, respectively. However, blue maize is usually grown in small quantities as a specialty crop because it lacks the qualities and adaptations of commercial white and yellow varieties. Here, a new high-yield variety of blue maize called Vitamaiz was developed from inbred lines of subtropical blue, white, and yellow maize. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutraceutical and physical properties of 30 Vitamaiz hybrids in two subtropical locations. Kernel physical traits, nutrient composition, and nutraceutical components (free phenolic acids, FPA; cell wall-bound phenolic acids, BPA; total monomeric anthocyanin content, TAC; antioxidant capacity, AOX by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, and total carotenoid content, TCC) were evaluated. The biophysical traits of the hybrids were suitable for nixtamalized and flour maize industries. High levels of FPA (228 mg GAE/100 g), BPA (635 mg GAE/100 g), and AOX (2.0 and 8.1 mM Trolox equivalent/100 g for FPA and BPA, respectively) were also detected with elevated TAC levels (274 mg C3G/kg dw) and AOX activity (3.1 mM Trolox equivalent/100 g). This is the first study to characterize Blue × Yellow maize hybrids that adapt to subtropical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is an evergreen shrub with blue berries that grows naturally in Patagonia, in South America. It has beneficial nutraceutical characteristics for human health. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of different harvest dates of calafate clones in the south-central zone of Chile on the polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, quality parameters and fruit yield. To meet this objective, during three consecutive years, four wild calafate clones located in the town of San Ignacio, Chile, were selected. Where a harvest period was established from 110 to 140 days after full bloom (DAFBs), each of the harvests carried out were used for the following measurements: antioxidant capacity, determination of anthocyanin content, concentration of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, fruit yield and quality. Among the main results, it can be highlighted that clone 2 was the one that obtained the highest concentration of soluble solids, with 38.0 °Brix at 140 DAFBs. Together, it was the one that obtained the highest content of total polyphenols and concentration of anthocyanins, with 1121 g GAE kg−1 fw and 714 g cy-3-glu 100 g−1 fw, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising biological properties are quercetin and its derivatives. Quercetin has been thoroughly studied for its antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, and wound-healing properties. Anticancer activity of quercetin against cancer cell lines has also recently been revealed. The majority of the Western diet contains quercetin and its derivatives, therefore consuming them as part of a meal or as a food supplement may be sufficient for people to take advantage of their preventive effects. Bioavailability-based drug-delivery systems of quercetin have been heavily studied. Fruits, seeds, vegetables, bracken fern, coffee, tea, and other plants all contain quercetin, as do natural colors. One naturally occurring antioxidant is quercetin, whose anticancer effects have been discussed in detail. It has several properties that could make it an effective anti-cancer agent. Numerous researches have shown that quercetin plays a substantial part in the suppression of cancer cells in the breast, colon, prostate, ovary, endometrial, and lung tumors. The current study includes a concise explanation of quercetin's action mechanism and potential health applications.

The Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), originating from China, with a history of over 4000 years, is one of the major fruit crops cultivated in China and on important areas in Central Asia, India, Iran, the Middle East etc. The high resistances to drought, salty soils and similar climate to that of China recommend this fruit tree as a valuable crop, especially in the context of climate changes and extended desertification. Chinese jujube has a high tolerance to pests and disease, being suitable for organic farming. The lack of divulgative papers on jujube true nutritional, medicinal and economic value, makes it still unknown for the great part of Romanian and European consumers, intensive advertising campaign is needed. The aim of this review is to highlight the requirements of the Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in regards to the soil, water, climate as well as its high nutritional and medicinal values.

This comparative study investigates the physicochemical, functional, and nutraceutical properties of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Chlorella sp. biomass, two of the most prevalent microalgae species. We assessed their proximate composition, pH, acidity, color, granulometry, microstructure (SEM), functional groups (FTIR), crystallinity (XRD), and thermal stability (GTA). Functional properties were thoroughly examined, including bulk density, water and oil holding capacities, and gelling, foaming, and emulsifying capabilities. Additionally, the study quantified the content of pigments, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and flavonoids and evaluated antioxidant activity. Our findings indicate that Spirulina biomass exhibits higher protein and ash content, whereas Chlorella biomass surpasses phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. Notable differences were observed in their microstructure and thermal degradation patterns. Both biomasses demonstrated considerable potential as functional ingredients, owing to their superior water and oil retention, foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties. This investigation underscores the distinct physicochemical and nutraceutical profiles of Spirulina and Chlorella biomass, highlighting their significant applicability in the food industry for developing novel value-added food products. • Spirulina biomass exhibits higher protein and ash contents than Chlorella biomass. • Chlorella biomass surpasses Spirulina biomass in terms of polyphenols, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. • Both Spirulina and Chlorella biomass demonstrate good functional properties. • Spirulina and Chlorella biomass have high applicability in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and the COVID 19 pandemic have imposed a devastating effect on life all over the world. Agriculture faces daunting challenges in the coming decades due to these two issues. The aim of this review paper is to provide pertinent information on mulberry to justify its use in building the resilience of smallholder farmers in the phase of climate change and COVID 19 pandemic. Agricultural production has been constrained by lack of sensitization about crops that could be incorporated for the dual purpose of mitigating the effects of both climate change and COVID 19. Although mulberry has a multiplicity of uses, information on its suitability for climate change mitigation and its nutraceutical potential especially during the times of COVID 19 has not been documented. In this paper the suitability of mulberry in climate change mitigation is also discussed. The paper concludes' that the resilience of mulberry against drought, its multipurpose nature as food, its medicinal properties and the extent of its effect on the environment gives it priority as a plant that could be incorporated into the farming system as a cushion against the effects of climate change on the conventional crops. Mulberry is therefore a plant that is suitable for building the resilience of smallholder farmers against climate change and COVID 19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate certain selected properties of durum wheat pasta fortified with parsley leaf powder. Various levels of parsley leaf powder (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) were incorporated in order to develop fortified pasta and their effects on nutraceutical properties (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity), cooking quality (optimum cooking time, water absorption capacity, cooking loss), texture (hardness, adhesiveness, extensibility at break, elongation at break), colour and organoleptic attributes were assessed. The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds increased significantly in the fortified pasta with the increase in the fortification level. Furthermore, the increase in the levels of these bioactive compounds in fortified pasta improved its antiradical ability and its reducing power. Moreover, the addition of parsley leaf powder to the pasta significantly reduced its optimum cooking time, hardness, extensibility at break, elongation at break, lightness and yellowness. In contrast, the incorporation of parsley leaf powder in the pasta significantly increased its water absorption capacity, cooking loss, adhesiveness and greenness. All of the fortified pasta received acceptable scores in overall acceptability. Approximately 93% of the data variance may be explained by the first two principal components and significant correlations were noted between different properties of the pasta. Parsley leaf powder can successfully be used (up to 5.0%) in nutritionally valuable pasta formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprised of five different integrated fertilizers of calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 with ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 ratios (0%:100%, 10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%, and 40%:60%) to enhance the physico-chemical properties, and the antioxidant and nutritional compounds of pomegranate fruits cv. ‘Wonderful’. The results discovered that the application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 in different ratios significantly affected all measured parameters. Among integrated fertilizers, the 30%:70% combination showed an increment of 10.8% in fruit weight, 2.9% in fruit length, 11.8% in fruit volume, and 7.0% in fruit diameter. Similarly, total soluble solids, vitamin C, anthocyanin, total sugars, and reduced sugars, were also increased by 11.2%, 14.6%, 20.2%, 7.4%, and 5.2%, respectively. Likewise, values of both color variations from green to red (a*) and from blue to yellow (b*), and chroma, were also increased by 13.8%, 16.6%, and 14.4%, respectively. Moreover, the application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 at a ratio of 40%:60% showed 25.1% decrease in titratable acidity, and 45.4% and 27.0% increase in maturity index and peel luminosity, respectively. Additionally, the 30%:70% combination showed an increment of 30.9% in total phenolic content, 70.5% in total tannin content, and 43.6% in total flavonoid content. Additionally, it showed 25.8% and 1.7% decrease in pH and moisture content, respectively. Moreover, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ni in fruit increased by different increments by application of the 30%:70% with an increasing range of 28% to 175%. A non-reducing sugar increase was observed at an application of Ca(NO3)2:(NH4)2SO4 at a ratio of 20%:80% by 47.0%. The findings of this study suggest that using calcium nitrate with ammonium sulphate at a ratio of 30%:70%, using the fertigation approach during the growth season, could be a safe, natural, and novel method for the pomegranate cv. ‘Wonderful’ to improve fruit quality, and its amount of antioxidants—specifically, phenolics, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and fruit minerals—with health benefits at harvest.

Morinda citrifolia is a plant widely consumed as food and used in folk medicine. However, there is little scientific information regarding its therapeutic properties. In this study, aqueous extracts from the peel and pulp of M. citrifolia were characterized according to their modulatory action on phospholipases A2 and proteases (involved in hemostasis and inflammation). Bothrops moojeni venom was used for prospecting the effects of extracts on the human organism since there is high homology between the venom and human enzymes. The aqueous extracts pre-incubated with the venom significantly inhibited (12 to 16%) the phospholipase activity, in the different doses evaluated. M. citrifolia aqueous extract obtained from the peel and pulp (obtained without distillation) completely inhibited the venom-induced hemolytic activity. In contrast, the pulp extract (with distillation) reduced the activity up to 37.5%. The peel extract of M. citrifolia significantly inhibited the caseinolytic activity induced by proteases present in the venom (37% up to 56%). The pulp extract (obtained without distillation) inhibited approximately 50% of the thrombolysis induced by hemorrhagic proteases. The inhibition of phospholipases A2, proteases, and lysis of erythrocytes exerted by the extracts demonstrate their anti-inflammatory potential. They also have effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and others processes related to the pathophysiology of hemostasis. Further studies are needed to confirm their potential use as a nutraceutical with preventive activity in inflammatory diseases and disorders of hemostasis.

Maize (Zea mays L.) represents the main caloric source for much of the world’s population. Pigmented maize varieties are an excellent source of nutraceutical compounds: blue and yellow maize are rich in anthocyanins as well as carotenoids and phenolic acids, respectively. However, blue maize is usually grown in small quantities as a specialty crop because it lacks the qualities and adaptations of commercial white and yellow varieties. Here, a new high-yield variety of blue maize called Vitamaiz was developed from inbred lines of subtropical blue, white, and yellow maize. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutraceutical and physical properties of 30 Vitamaiz hybrids in two subtropical locations. Kernel physical traits, nutrient composition, and nutraceutical components (free phenolic acids, FPA; cell wall-bound phenolic acids, BPA; total monomeric anthocyanin content, TAC; antioxidant capacity, AOX by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, and total carotenoid content, TCC) were evaluated. The biophysical traits of the hybrids were suitable for nixtamalized and flour maize industries. High levels of FPA (228 mg GAE/100 g), BPA (635 mg GAE/100 g), and AOX (2.0 and 8.1 mM Trolox equivalent/100 g for FPA and BPA, respectively) were also detected with elevated TAC levels (274 mg C3G/kg dw) and AOX activity (3.1 mM Trolox equivalent/100 g). This is the first study to characterize Blue × Yellow maize hybrids that adapt to subtropical environments.

Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is an evergreen shrub with blue berries that grows naturally in Patagonia, in South America. It has beneficial nutraceutical characteristics for human health. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of different harvest dates of calafate clones in the south-central zone of Chile on the polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, quality parameters and fruit yield. To meet this objective, during three consecutive years, four wild calafate clones located in the town of San Ignacio, Chile, were selected. Where a harvest period was established from 110 to 140 days after full bloom (DAFBs), each of the harvests carried out were used for the following measurements: antioxidant capacity, determination of anthocyanin content, concentration of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, fruit yield and quality. Among the main results, it can be highlighted that clone 2 was the one that obtained the highest concentration of soluble solids, with 38.0 °Brix at 140 DAFBs. Together, it was the one that obtained the highest content of total polyphenols and concentration of anthocyanins, with 1121 g GAE kg−1 fw and 714 g cy-3-glu 100 g−1 fw, respectively.

The uptake of antimicrobials by vegetables can reduce plant production and compromise food safety, as these compounds can disrupt plant physiology and accumulate in plant tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of environmentally representative concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP, 1.5 µg L−1), erythromycin (ERY, 1.5 µg L−1), and/or sulfamethoxazole (SULFA, 0.3 µg L−1) on the physiology (growth and oxidative stress markers), nutraceutical characteristics (mineral composition and total phenolic content), and antimicrobial accumulation in hydroponically grown baby leaf lettuce, rocket, and watercress plants. Only watercress exhibited disrupted shoot growth. Furthermore, increased concentrations of total phenolic compounds were observed in rocket plants when exposed to the antimicrobials. The drugs also significantly impacted on mineral nutrition, altering the mineral-recommended daily intake (RDI) of all plants, with rockets and watercress being the most affected. Additionally, higher human health risks were observed in plants exposed to CIP, particularly concerning children. The presence of CIP in the growing water of hydroponic vegetables poses a notable risk to food safety due to the plant's ability to accumulate the drug in its edible parts. Moreover, beyond the adverse effects on human health, using antimicrobial-contaminated water in vegetable cultivation can also disrupt watercress production, leading to significant economic losses. [Display omitted] • Lettuce, rocket and watercress baby leaves were able to accumulate antimicrobials. • Sulfamethoxazole decreased the watercress shoot growth. • Nutraceuticals characteristics of plants were changed by antimicrobials. • Consumption of vegetables exposed to CIP and/or ERY posed a risk to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, consumption of mushroom is on the increase in many developing countries. They serve as food supplements in diets of the people. The present study was conducted to evaluate nutraceutical properties of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), a widely cultivated mushroom in Nigeria. Properties such as proximate composition, mineral ions and antioxidants contents were analyzed using standard methods. P. ostreatus was found to contain high percentage of crude fibre, moisture content, carbohydrates, crude fat, total ash, crude protein and oil matter. Percentage of mineral ion such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc were found to be lower in value. Antioxidants such as flavonoid, phenol, lycopene, ß Carotene and ascorbic acid in P. ostreatus were found to be high in value. Overall, the percentage content of minerals in P. ostreatus was less than 1%, proximate composition was 33.64% and antioxidants was 66.16%. This showed that P. ostreatus had a high content of antioxidants, moderate amount of proximate composition and low amount of minerals. As P. ostreatus contains low calorific value and very high content of antioxidants, dietary fibres and minerals, it can therefore be said to be potentially good for medicinal purposes especially among the vegetarian consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers increasingly prefer and seek food and beverages, which, due to their natural characteristics, bring health benefits, both in the prevention of diseases and in their curative power. In this way, the production of nutraceutical foods and beverages gains more and more importance in the market. On the other hand, and because the eyes also eat, producing attractive foods due to their color, texture, appearance, and sensory characteristics is a permanent challenge in the food industry. Being able to gather healthy and attractive items in a single food is an even greater challenge. The long list of benefits associated with phenolic compounds, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging properties, among others, fully justifies their use in the enrichment of various food products. Thus, in this review, we propose to summarize the potential use of phenolic compounds used as ingredients of pleasant and functional beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beans are often grown in regions with climates that are susceptible to drought during the cultivation period. Consequently, it is important to identify bean accessions tolerant to drought conditions and assess the effect of drought on seeds' nutraceutical properties. This study evaluated the effect of drought during different development stages (NES = never stressed; ALS = always stressed; SBF = stressed before flowering; SAF = stressed after flowering) on the yield and nutraceutical properties of six local bean varieties: Fasolo del Diavolo, Gialet, Posenati, Secle, D'oro, and Maron. Analysis of variance indicated that Gialet was not significantly affected by drought treatments, and Posenati under SBF and NES treatments had greater yields than under ALS and SAF treatments, whereas Secle under SBF produced 80% more seeds than under NES. Total phenols, antioxidant capacity, and calcium content were significantly different among the local varieties. Yield was significantly and positively correlated with seed calcium content and significantly and negatively correlated with protein, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between local varieties and treatment significantly affected seeds' Zn content. Gialet and Maron seeds' Zn contents were about 60 mg kg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of and the content of bioactive compounds in camu-camu fruits harvested at different maturation stages and stored. The fruits were harvested in the municipality of Cantá, Roraima State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications, in a factorial arrangement consisting of three different maturation stages (immature, semi-mature and mature) and eight days of storage (3 x 8). The fruits were analysed every day regarding total vitamin C, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH). According to the results obtained, the interaction of maturation stages x eight days of storage had a significant effect according to the F test at 5% probability. The highest antioxidant activity (FRAP) was observed in the fruits harvested in the semi-mature stage, providing a longer shelf life. The carotenoid pigment, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and vitamin C contents were higher in the fruits harvested in the mature stage, and this stage was the most suitable for obtaining these functional biocompounds. Additionally, in mature fruits, the highest mean content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity (DPPH) were observed during storage. It was concluded that the mature stage is the most recommended for the extraction of pigments and antioxidant biocompounds from camu-camu fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of wild edible plants has nowadays got a renewed interest due to the proved healthy roles of wild species in human diet. Sanguisorba minor is a wild edible plant which resulted a promising species in terms of phytochemical compounds in previous studies, and, therefore, a possible candidate to become a new fresh-cut product. The present study analyzed the storage of fresh-cut S. minor plants produced in two different local farms (F1 and F2) with the aim to investigate the maintenance of the main bioactive compounds upon storage. Changes in color, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were analyzed during a cold storage of 12 days under light condition. Color, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents remained almost constant upon the storage period. Moreover, a retention of vitamin C resulted at the end of the 12-d storage period, independently to the material origin (F1 or F2). Conversely, TPC, TFC and TAA pattern differed between F1 and F2 material upon storage. Further researches are necessary to consolidate the best practices aimed at ensuring the highest level of bioactive compounds in minimally processed leaves of this new possible fresh-cut product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Pomegranate is an old plant made up by flowers, roots, fruits and leaves, native to Central Asia and principally cultivated in the Mediterranean and California (although now widespread almost all over the globe). The current use of this precious plant regards not only the exteriority of the fruit (employed also for ornamental purpose) but especially the nutritional and, still potential, health benefits that come out from the various parts composing this one (carpellary membranes, arils, seeds and bark). Indeed, the phytochemical composition of the fruit abounds in compounds (flavonoids, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, mineral salts, vitamins, lipids, organic acids) presenting a significant biological and nutraceutical value. For these reasons, pomegranate interest is increased over the years as the object of study for many research groups, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. Specifically, in-depth studies of its biological and functional properties and the research of new formulations could be applied to a wide spectrum of diseases including neoplastic, cardiovascular, viral, inflammatory, metabolic, microbial, intestinal, reproductive and skin diseases. In this review, considering the increasing scientific and commercial interest of nutraceuticals, we reported an update of the investigations concerning the health-promoting properties of pomegranate and its bioactive compounds against principal human pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starch nanoparticles from pearl (Pe) and proso (Pr) millets were characterised for morphological, thermal, rheological and nutraceutical properties which are important parameters to be considered for predicting applicable domain of nanoparticles in food and other industrial applications. In the present study after using collision ball milling to achieve the nano-reduction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the average hydrodynamic particle diameter of 636 nm and 417 nm for nano-reduced pearl (PeN) and proso (PrN) millet starches. Further the nano-particles produced were having greater stability, as revealed by the data obtained for zeta potential. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed loss of crystallinity in starch granules whereas attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed no difference in the basic functional groups but decrease in intensity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elicit the changes in surface topography of starch granules upon nano-reduction. Post nano-reduction treatment various thermal transition temperatures significantly shifted to lower values. Results of anti-oxidant assays for prediction of nutraceutical potential revealed significant increase upon nano-reduction. • Ball milling resulted in the formation of nano-starch particles. • DLS, SEM, XRD and ATR-FTIR were done. • Rheological results showed more viscoelastic nature of nano-reduced starch particles. • Results revealed lower thermal transition temperatures for nano-starch particles. • The anti-oxidant potential assays revealed significantly higher scavenging potential of nano-starches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The winter planting system is based on the use of the bare-root plant. It is used extensively in many strawberry cultivation areas characterized by mild winters. Bare-root plants have disadvantages and plug plants represent a valid alternative to the traditional bare-root plant. This study, conducted in Southern Italy, investigated the changes in the fruiting cycle of bare-root and plug plants of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), with a focus on fruit quality. Bare root and plug plants for three strawberry genotypes were planted in fields and the differences in yield, quality traits and main bioactive compounds were evaluated. The plants were grown in Scanzano Jonico – Basilicata region (Southern Italy). Yield per plant, fruit size, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, skin colour, antioxidant activity (TAC), total phenols (TPH), total anthocyanins (TACY), ascorbic acid content (AA) and phenolic profile were determined. The results confirmed that the start of the harvest for plug plants was significantly earlier than for bare-root plants and plug plants also had higher productivity. The fruit size of plug plants was initially larger than for bare root plants but became significantly smaller when the production flow decreased in May. Plant type did not affect flesh firmness, while the sugar content was lower in plug plants. The fruit colour brightness was higher for plug plants in the first part of the harvest but reduced significantly in the second part. TPH was lower for plug plants, compared to bare-root plants, in the first part of the harvest but higher in the second part, when the fruit size of plug plants decreased significantly. TACY showed a considerable variability and was more influenced by the genotype rather than by the type of plant. Also, TAC, being correlated with TPH, had higher values in plug plants in the second part of the harvest, coinciding with the decrease in size. The content of the most important classes of individual polyphenols (anthocyanins and ellagitannins) was on average higher in plug plants than in bare-root plants. In summary, the plug plant had an early yield start with a production concentrated in March and early April, which is suitable for Mediterranean areas, but the quality traits showed a lot of variability from year to year. Keywords: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bhat (black soybean) under the genus Glycine, is cultivated for food, fodder and medicinal uses by rural communities in Asia particularly, in China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and India. In the Himalayan region of India, this legume is not only an integral part of a climate resilient farming system but also finds place in ethnodietary recipes and fondly consumed as a pulse. Black soybean ensures both food and nutritional security in hills where nutritional deficiencies are in abundance among rural, tribal and backward population engaged in subsistence farming in marginal rainfed terrains. Cultivation of black soybean is less capital intensive. Its ability to survive under harsh conditions particularly, in the event of failure of rain, makes it a better choice than other competitive crops grown during rainy season. Despite its enormous potentials, the legume has not gained the popularity in India and presently, area under this valuable legume is confined to North Himalayan hill region and scattered pockets of central India. Its high nutritive value, remedial and health promoting effects due to presence of various bioactive compounds make this legume an excellent functional food. Present review summarises the potential role of black soybean for human nutrition and health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Metabolomic profiling of Capsicum chinense via 1H NMR spectroscopy. • Detailed metabolite analysis of 11 C. chinense cultivars. • Random Forest model predicts cultivar similarities. • Study bridges gap in food science and agricultural research. The habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is a prominent spicy fruit integral to the historical, social, cultural, and economic fabric of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. This study leverages the power of 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms to dissect the metabolomic profile of eleven C. chinense cultivars, including those grown by INIFAP (Habanero-Jaguar, Antillano-HRA 1-1, Antillano-HRA 7-1, Habanero-HAm-18A, Habanero-HC-23C, and Jolokia-NJolokia-22) and commercial hybrids (Habanero-Rey Votán, Habanero-Kabal, Balam, USAPR10117, and Rey Pakal). A total of fifty metabolites, encompassing sugars, amino acids, short-chain organic acids, and nucleosides, were identified from the 1H NMR spectra. The optimized machine learning model proficiently predicted the similarity percentage between the INIFAP-grown cultivars and commercial hybrids, thereby facilitating a comprehensive comparison. Biomarkers unique to each cultivar were delineated, revealing that the Habanero-Rey Votán cultivar is characterized by the highest concentration of sugars. In contrast, the Balam cultivar is rich in amino acids and short-chain organic acids, sharing a similar metabolomic profile with the Jolokia-NJolokia-22 cultivar. The findings of this study underscore the efficacy and reliability of NMR-based metabolomics as a robust tool for differentiating C. chinense cultivars based on their intricate chemical profiles. This approach not only contributes to the scientific understanding of the metabolomic diversity among habanero peppers but also holds potential implications for food science, agriculture, and the culinary arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutraceutical interest in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds is associated with the presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols. In particular, polyphenols contribute to the health-promoting effects of this food crop, and their levels are influenced by environmental conditions. Production of quinoa is recently being explored in temperate climate areas, including Italy. The aim of this research was to assess the profile of bioactive compounds in seeds of two quinoa varieties, Regalona-Baer and Titicaca, grown in northern Italy, compared to that of seeds of those varieties grown in Chile and Denmark, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis of phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles, both in their free and soluble conjugated forms, showed that the main differences between Regalona grown in Chile and Italy were for the free vanillic acid and daidzein contents, while the two Titicaca samples mainly differed in quercetin derivative levels. The total phenolic index was comparable in Titicaca and Regalona, and only a slight decrease in this parameter was found in seeds of the two varieties grown in Italy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of seed extracts, evaluated by means of three different assays, indicated that it correlated with flavonol (quercetin derivative) levels. In conclusion, the results indicate that, although environmental conditions alter the polyphenolic profile and biological activities, it is possible to grow good-quality quinoa in northern Italy.

Italian gastronomy experiences have ever-enhancing fame around the world. It is due to the linkage between taste and salubriousness commonly related to Mediterranean foods. The market proposes many types of pizza to suit all palates. The antioxidant potential of the “Pizza Napoletana marinara” included in the register of traditional specialties guaranteed (TSG) was determined in this work. ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) method evaluated the antioxidant activity of the pizza homogenized. In vitro digestion models estimated the intestinal and gastric bioaccessibility of the main antioxidant compounds (lycopene and phenolics). To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide the content, antioxidant potential, and bioaccessibility of the antioxidants (polyphenols and lycopene) contained in the traditional pizza “marinara TSG”. Our results showed that the “Pizza Napoletana marinara” had polyphenols concentration, lycopene level, antioxidant activity, and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and lycopene better than other similar pizzas. They confirmed the nutritional importance of traditional preparations and established the nutraceutical potential of “pizza marinara TSG” as a food rich in bio-accessible antioxidants.

Main conclusion: Tailoring crops to withstand rising temperature and declining precipitation may be unrewarding, therefore the potential of alternative undervalued crops such as horse gram can be explored for safeguarding food and nutritional security with health benefits in the era of climate change. Horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] under the family Fabaceae, has been cultivated for food, folklore medicine and fodder mainly by rural and tribal communities since prehistoric times in Asian and African countries. This valuable ancient legume not only offers diversification and resilience to agro-ecosystems but it also possesses high adaptation in risk-prone traditional farming systems in marginal environments of semi-arid and arid regions. Being a nutrient dense legume with remedial health-promoting effects due to the presence of various bioactive compounds, it is suitable for the development of functional food as well as for addressing micronutrient deficiencies among poor rural communities. Despite its enormous potential and a growing awareness about the utility of this underutilized crop for future climate adaptation and human well-being, this legume continues to be seriously neglected and labelled as "food of the poors". India is the major producer of horse gram and presently, cultivation of horse gram remains confined to small-scale farming systems as an inter- or mixed crop. This crop is alienated from mainstream agriculture and relegated to a status of "underutilized" due to its limited competitiveness as compared to other commercial crops. Besides a scanty basic research on this crop, no attention has been paid to the factors like improvement of plant type, yield improvement, processing, value addition to suit consumer needs and reduction of anti-nutritional factors, which restricted the diffusion of this crop outside its niche area. The present review therefore is an attempt to compile the meagre information available on crop history, evolution, genetic enhancement, nutritional and health benefits to make the crop competitive and revitalize horse gram cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, tea, a beverage made fromthe processed leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, and herbal infusions have been primarily consumed for their pleasant taste. Nowadays, they are also consumed because they contain nutraceutical compounds, such as polyphenols. Grapes and grape/wine sub-products such as non-fermented/semi-fermented or fermented grapes, skins, and seeds are a rich source of health-promoting compounds, presenting a great potential for the development of new beverages. Therefore, these grape/wine sub-products are used in the beverage sector for the preparation of infusions, tisanes, and decoctions. Besides polyphenols, fermented grapes, skins, and seeds, usually discarded as waste, are enriched with other health-promoting/nutraceutical compounds, such as melatonin, glutathione, and trehalose, among others, which are produced by yeasts during alcoholic fermentation. In this review, we summarize the benefits of drinking herbal infusions and discuss the potential application of some grapevine fermentation waste products in the production of healthy beverages that we can call grape infusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unopened flower buds of Capparis spinosa L. (capers), generally used in the Mediterranean area as food flavoring, are known to be a good source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutraceutical value of salt‐fermented capers collected from different areas of Pantelleria Island (Italy), testing their methylglyoxal and glyoxal trapping capacity and antioxidant activity by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), [2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylben‐ zothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Hydrophilic extracts were also characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Among 24 detected compounds, several flavonol derivatives and glucosinolates were identified. The levels of kaempferol and quercetin derivatives varied considerably among the five accessions considered (6.46 to 267.93 and 22.39 to 367.14 mg kaempferol and quercetin equivalent /g fresh weight, respectively), with kaempferol derivatives more representative than quercetin ones. Person's coefficient indicated a high correlation between total phenolic content and anti‐DPPH radical capacity (R2 = 0.665), as well as between total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity (by ORAC assay; R2 = 0.888) and between total flavonoid content and glyoxal and methylglyoxal trapping capacity (R2 = 0.918). Results indicate that capers from Pantelleria Island represent a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical relevance. Practical Application: The findings of this study highlight the health benefits of Pantelleria capers consumption due to their composition in antioxidants and their biological properties (antiradical and alpha‐dicarbonyls trapping) correlated with the development of a high number of chronic–degenerative diseases. These results are also important for the agricultural and commercial sectors involved in the production of capers from Pantelleria, which received the Protected Geographical Indications recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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