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Objective: To characterize the burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States (US). Methods: We merged 2022 US employment and demographic data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with occupational characteristic data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Survey, and hours worked from the CPS, to estimate the number and proportion of US workers at risk of exposure to 19 psychosocial hazards. We additionally estimated the number and proportion of US workers over‐ or underrepresented in exposure burden. Results: Of the exposures examined, US workers were most commonly employed in occupations with high time pressure (67.5 million US workers exposed; 43.2% US workers exposed), high emotional labor (57.1 million; 36.6%), and low wages (47.8 million; 30.6%). The burden of exposures was uneven across sociodemographic strata, attributable to occupational segregation. The full data set is available online at https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden. Conclusions: Work‐related psychosocial exposures are ubiquitous and should be considered in occupational and public health research, policy, and interventions to reduce the burden of disease and health inequities in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide culturally-centered care to clients and develop interventions that meet the client's holistic needs, occupational therapists need to consider social and physical environments affecting participation in culturally meaningful occupations. Using a case study, this paper describes the use of the concept of social and environmental determinants of occupation (SEDO) as a necessary strategy to incorporate in clinical practice to determine how SEDO intersect, resulting in occupational justices/injustices that influence access to participation. SEDO are defined as broad (and intersecting) social and environmental factors that increase or limit an individual, community, or population's ability to participate in culturally meaningful occupations of their choice. This information can then be used to develop strategies that more holistically address the SEDO experienced by our clients. The SEDO process refocuses research and practice with more inclusive attention to how these intersecting factors influence the client's ability to access culturally meaningful occupations, provide opportunities for advocacy and empowerment, and better address the needs of our clients. The SEDO strategy can provide data for development of more holistic client-centered interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leisure participation is a fundamental human and occupational right throughout life for working people, particularly in adulthood. A total of 28 working adults representing diverse regions of Turkey, from middle-class backgrounds, aged between 25 and 50, and without any known health conditions, were interviewed to gain insights into their leisure participation during the period September 2021–May 2022. The acquired data were analysed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. The analysis identified six main themes and twenty-two subthemes: the meaning of leisure, recovery from work, facilitators and barriers, well-being, occupational injustice, and flow of life. Participants distinguished between "free time" and "leisure time", defining the latter as purposeful engagement in enjoyable, meaningful activities. This study emphasises the dynamic interplay of factors influencing leisure participation among Turkish working adults, including working conditions, financial resources, social support systems, and opportunities for participation, with some effects of COVID-19 pandemic. One can shift from well-being to a lack of well-being, and this can result in occupational injustices that may arise in the flow of life, as unsupportive consequences of participation limitations among working adults. By acknowledging and enhancing leisure as a crucial aspect of well-being, this research underscores the importance of promoting resilience and holistic health among working individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Productivity-based wage systems are intended to enhance the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Limited scholarship exists regarding the impact of such policies in practice. This qualitative study explored stakeholder perspectives on the Australian Supported Wage System (SWS), including perceptions of fairness and equity. Methods: Document review provided context and background for the study. 14 semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted with a range of stakeholders with knowledge of the SWS. Results: Four primary themes were identified, related to assessment processes, value contributions of the system, practice risks and challenges, and ethical tensions. Conclusions: The SWS appears to enhance worker choice and inclusion. A variety of factors may reduce the quality of these outcomes, however, and employment systems should support a range of evidence-informed approaches to ensure equitable employment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School-related Gender-based Violence (SRGBV) is a sub-set of gender-based violence (GBV) that occurs in primary and secondary school settings. SRGBV is a daunting reality, a crime against humanity, and therefore a human rights issue. Responsive SRGBV programmes need to be dynamic, and determined by the needs of communities and learners. If the Department of Basic Education (DBE) wants to remain relevant in supporting communities into becoming safe spaces for all, it needs to promote safe community models with adequate flexibility. Although school-based occupational therapists are a human resource of the DBE, traditionally occupational therapists have not been involved in addressing SRGBV in school settings in South Africa. Implications for practice: This opinion paper elaborates on the context within which school-based occupational therapists can reframe SRGBV as an occupational injustice, and develop life skills interventions that address SRGBV. Recommendations for action are made using existing frameworks such as the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework, and the INSPIRE framework of the United Nations. It encourages school-based occupational therapists to become activists that promote occupational justice, and are leaders in the prevention of and intervention for SRGBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Research has identified diverse constraints to the adoption of school-based occupational therapy approaches and a lack of attention to addressing the barriers to children’s play opportunities. Critical contextualised research is advocated to inform practice possibilities.Aims/Objectives This inquiry aimed to explore with occupational therapists their existing practices in Irish schoolyards to generate practice possibilities concerned with play, as an issue of occupational justice.Materials and Methods Using the theory of practice architectures, six occupational therapists from diverse sites of practice participated in the first phase of a critical action research process using dialogical focus group and occupational mapping methods.Results Three themes were generated (1) Existing practices as situated (2) (Re)mattering play and practices as occupations and (3) Practice possibilities – ‘Finding the play’ between responsiveness and responsibilities. A further interrelated dimension was how the research methods provided mechanisms of raising consciousness.Conclusions, and Significance Alongside constructing knowledges on existing practices in an Irish context, this inquiry contributes to understandings of practices as socially embedded generative processes of ‘finding the play’, highlighting ethical responsibilities to make visible inequities reproduced in habitual practices and engage in relationships of solidarity to (re)construct alternative shared practices.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the understanding of occupational justice and occupational therapy's role among staff members working within organizations serving persons experiencing homelessness. A survey was developed to determine if staff (N = 43) understood what occupational therapists can do to help persons experiencing homelessness. Responses were split almost equally between agree/strongly agree and disagree/strongly disagree. Most or 95% (n = 38) of respondents stated their organization would be interested in increasing programming to support the ideas of occupational justice. This suggests that occupational therapy can fill a need in these organizations to promote occupational justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim: LGBTQIA+ people constitute a minority group that navigate their occupational engagement within a historically entrenched system of oppression. This opinion piece addresses a subject matter that is increasingly garnering attention from the international health science community, yet it remains insufficiently explored in South African occupational therapy dialogues. The aim of this paper is to stimulate critical reflection among occupational therapists on the discourses that underpin our daily practice. By utilising the personenvironment- occupation model, we seek to demonstrate the unique and essential role of occupational therapy in serving LGBTQIA+ people within the South African context. Conclusion: Although occupational therapists are trained to consider all aspects of a person, discussions around gender are rarely emphasised in undergraduate training or clinical practice. This opinion piece demonstrates the roles that occupational therapists may play when working with LGBTQIA+ people to provide services that are holistic and relevant to their needs and contexts. Recognizing the impact of everyday occupational therapy practices on LGBTQIA+ individuals is crucial, requiring a commitment to inclusivity and continuous reflection within the field of occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Fostering social participation for active and healthy ageing among older adults is an urgent issue in a changing society that requires new approaches from occupational therapists as well as from society at large.Aim To explore possibilities to foster social participation for older adults in society from the perspective of stakeholders.Material and methods A qualitative design was applied. 18 key informants, engaged in supporting older adults in their organisational roles as either professionals or volunteers, participated in five different focus groups discussions.Results The results involved two overarching themes that reflects different perspectives on key informants’ possibilities to foster social participation for older adults. The first theme describes how they direct their attention towards their roles within the organisations to foster social participation in their own context. The second theme describes the broader societal perspectives that they address to establish a common ground for collaboration and knowledge-sharing among different stakeholders.Conclusions The findings emphasise how addressing common challenges and developing collaboration are essential to foster older adults’ social participation. It is therefore necessary to involve policy-makers and decision-makers. Occupational therapists and researchers should consider the value of occupational justice to drive collective and social approaches.

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teens and young adults living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not have equal access to sexual education, thus having lower sexual awareness, little knowledge of preventative sexual health care, and having a more difficult time reading sexual body language (Hannah & Stagg, 2016; Holmes et al., 2019; Mogavero & Hsu, 2020). Deficits in these and many other skills may make it more challenging for teens and young adults living with ASD to engage in an intimate or sexual relationship with a consenting partner. Skilled intervention on the occupation of sexual activity and its related dimensions, such as communication and sensory input, is well within an occupational therapist's scope of practice, yet there is little to no evidence supporting the role of occupational therapists serving clients living with ASD to address such topics. This manuscript will highlight the lack of sexual education supports for teens and young adults living with ASD and how occupational therapists can fill this important role as a trusted sexuality educator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leisure participation is a fundamental human and occupational right throughout life for working people, particularly in adulthood. A total of 28 working adults representing diverse regions of Turkey, from middle-class backgrounds, aged between 25 and 50, and without any known health conditions, were interviewed to gain insights into their leisure participation during the period September 2021–May 2022. The acquired data were analysed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. The analysis identified six main themes and twenty-two subthemes: the meaning of leisure, recovery from work, facilitators and barriers, well-being, occupational injustice, and flow of life. Participants distinguished between “free time” and “leisure time”, defining the latter as purposeful engagement in enjoyable, meaningful activities. This study emphasises the dynamic interplay of factors influencing leisure participation among Turkish working adults, including working conditions, financial resources, social support systems, and opportunities for participation, with some effects of COVID-19 pandemic. One can shift from well-being to a lack of well-being, and this can result in occupational injustices that may arise in the flow of life, as unsupportive consequences of participation limitations among working adults. By acknowledging and enhancing leisure as a crucial aspect of well-being, this research underscores the importance of promoting resilience and holistic health among working individuals.

Homelessness is growing internationally, and resources to guide occupational therapy practice in this area are needed. To identify competencies needed for occupational therapists to support individuals during and following homelessness. We conducted a three-round Delphi study with occupational therapy practitioners and researchers with expertise in homelessness. Of 35 potential participants, n = 16 participated in Round I, n = 20 participated in Round II, and n = 18 participated in Round III. Participants included occupational therapists and researchers in Canada, United States, Brazil, UK, Ireland and New Zealand. Consensus was achieved on a total of 93 competencies in 10 categories after 15 were eliminated in Rounds II and III. The categories with the greatest number of competencies included occupational knowledge (n = 18), followed by psychosocial competencies (n = 16). This study represents the first to identify the competencies needed for occupational therapists working in the area of homelessness. Practitioners and educators are encouraged to view the identified competencies as a guide for the professional development of occupational therapists in this context. Stakeholders consulted for this study were able to communicate in English and situated in middle to high-income countries. As such, the competencies identified in this study only apply to these sociocultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Loneliness and social isolation have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of a group of older adults involved in a range of occupational-focused leisure activities provided by the Weekday Wow Factor, a small social enterprise led by an occupational therapist to understand their perceptions of positive ageing and occupational participation. Methods: This small-scale qualitative research project explored the experiences of participants attending a weekly daytime disco that took place in a city centre nightclub. Participants also engaged in a number of other activities offered by the Weekday Wow Factor and discussed these during the focus groups. A total of 26 participants took part in four focus groups, with topics for discussion being informed by the 4D cycle of appreciative enquiry: discovery, dream, design and destiny. Results: Three overarching themes with sub-themes were found: mental wellbeing with sub-themes of social isolation, occupational participation and health promotion; inclusivity with sub-themes of positive ageing and community; and engagement with sub-themes of environment, occupational flow and occupational justice. Conclusions: Activities that facilitated friendship, a feeling of usefulness and belonging to a community were valued by participants, along with a sense of adventure from a range of activities that are not traditionally associated with older people. These activities need to be easily accessible to the community with implications for public transport and the social prescribing agenda. Occupational justice is important to the provision of community-based resources for older people to promote healthy and active ageing, which contributes to wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Community development and population-oriented approaches are emphasized to advance the occupational therapy profession’s scope of practice to meet the increasing demands created by socio-cultural-political and economic changes. This study explored the practice processes of occupational therapists in community settings outside existing health care structures in Germany. Data was gathered through five individual qualitative interviews and one focus group and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: navigating parallel processes within the larger context or system; building community connections through occupation; growing professional identity. The utilization of occupational science concepts was essential to work successfully on a community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the occupational lives of others is at the heart of occupational therapy practice. Advocacy for clientele is central to this improvement, both at individual and structural levels. We argue that interventions in the Ecological Model of Human Performance (EHP) and the social movement theSlutWalk can offer increased opportunity for occupational therapists to address the harmful implications for clients affected by sexual assault and rape culture. In addition, through the principles of the EHP and the SlutWalk, we propose that occupational therapists can have a hand in eradicating the culture that facilitates and tolerates sexual violence. This paper highlights the barriers women and sexual assault survivors may face to equitable occupational participation, where occupational therapists may establish/restore, alter, create, prevent, and adapt intervention approaches in the client's context to elicit optimal engagement in meaningful activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder resulting in serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities. As of 2019, it is estimated that 13.1 million adults aged 18 or older are living with an SMI in the United States. Community-dwelling adults with SMI have identified many benefits that help with carrying out needed activities in the community but also face many barriers such as (internalized) stigma, occupational injustice, and individualization of systemic issues. It is imperative for practitioners to understand how these barriers impact participation and create better ways to understand and center the voices of this population in assessment and intervention and work to address barriers at both an individual and systems level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Children seeking asylum face occupational deprivation and human rights violations. No research has investigated how occupational therapists work with child asylum seekers. The World Federation of Occupational Therapists promotes the Canadian Model of Client-Centred Enablement (CMCE) for occupational therapists working to promote human rights. This research investigates use of CMCE skills to investigate skills occupational therapists use when working with child asylum seekers in Australian immigration detention. Interpretive description guided this investigation and purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 occupational therapists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematically analysed. Occupational multi-level responsiveness, an overarching practice skill, involved keying into individual, family and socio-political levels to respond to occupational injustices. A wide array of practice skills extending beyond the CMCE framework were used in a nuanced and interwoven manner spanning multiple levels. Occupational multi-level responsiveness described occupational therapists working across macro-, meso- and micro-levels. Understanding and enacting occupational multi-level responsiveness may support occupational therapists to plan and implement effective strategies when tackling occupational injustices. The skills identified may be applicable to other complex socio-political fields of practice. More research is needed. Further research should also investigate the occupational experiences of children seeking asylum. Occupational therapists working with child asylum seekers in Australia take a multi-level approach, responding to individuals, families and socio-political structures. A three pronged approach to implementation of the occupational therapy practice process could support multi-level responsiveness to enhance practice that addresses occupational injustices. CMCE skills are not exhaustive and therapists discussed using other skills beyond those listed in the CMCE. Additional skills reflected humility and efforts towards more equal relationships between therapists and clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Between March–May 2020, the Italian Government applied restrictive measures to reduce the risk of contagion, fostering a potential condition of occupational deprivation. Methods: A digital survey was administered in June 2020 including closed and open questions. The goal was to report how the first Italian lockdown affected daily routine. Results: 648 surveys were valid. Most respondents were workers and spent lockdown at home. Before quarantine, the most representative occupations were working and housekeeping; the significant ones were working and meeting friends/relatives. Wellbeing meant meeting friends/relatives and hobbies/interests. During lockdown, respondents dedicated themselves to housekeeping and working; meaningful occupations were working and cooking. All data was stratified according to age and perceived wellbeing; open questions were categorized by the researchers. Discussion: A daily routine in compliance with lockdown restrictions required a change in habits. Time was used for occupations not strictly contentful; finance and work gained significance. It is to hypothesize that the idea of wellbeing was deeply altered. Conclusions: The study focuses on a slice of everyday life in times of emergency, it highlights people adaptability and their experiences according to age and future plans. Occupational justice emerges as a strong topic: the environment influences wellbeing, habits, and self-perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transforming occupational therapy (OT) practices and services to be more inclusive and political so that everyone has an opportunity to engage with meaningful occupations to advance their health and wellbeing is critical. An occupational justice framework locates occupations in a socio-cultural-historical context influencing the community or person's choice and participation. Communities marginalized due to socio-cultural-historical context struggle with participating in preferred occupations, which in turn affects their well-being and sense of self. Patriarchy, Gender binarism, Heteronormativity, Ableism, Casteism, and Classism are some dominant systems of oppression that affect how communities and people choose and participate in occupations. As occupational therapists and researchers, it becomes imperative to understand the experience of marginalized communities to contextualize interventions and evaluations to address the cultural practices of oppression. Objective: To understand how marginalized identity locations are represented in the Indian Journal of OT (IJOT). Study Design: A scoping review. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's methodology was used to review research papers published in the IJOT from January 2012 to April 2022. Results: Disabled people have been the most represented in the last decade. Women's experiences are represented as lesser than that of men. Within studies focusing on disabilities, men's experiences are represented more than women's. There are two papers in the last decade that focus on Adivasi people. Lesbian, Gay, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Bisexual, and Asexual + communities are absent from OT research in the IJOT. Dalits and Bahujans are also absent from research. Few studies use the person-centered model of intervention by partnering with clients, whereas most studies use a medical model where the therapist is the only expert. Conclusion: In this study, we derive three themes to explore possible explanations on why marginalized communities are underrepresented. These themes of "unconscious bias," "history repeats itself" and "medical model of research" help us understand factors we need to reflect on as OT researchers and therapists as we engage with communities and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theater has long-standing roots in social justice and holds promise for reducing racist attitudes and behaviors. Objectives of this study were to (a) collect and theatrically portray narratives from Black occupational therapy students and practitioners to a national audience and (b) examine the impact of the theatrical performance on anti-Black racism among attendees. The Identity Development Evolution and Sharing (IDEAS) model guided translation of narratives into a filmed performance. Paired t -test of pre/post administration of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–Stigma (AAQ-S) measured changes in stigma beliefs. Qualitative thematic analysis of an open-ended post-survey question elucidated experiences of the performance. The performance engendered significant decreases in stigma; qualitative data elucidated potential mechanisms of change. This study provides insight into experiences of anti-Black racism within occupational therapy and offers a promising means for occupational therapists to engage in anti-Black racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupation is one of the basic human needs. The term refers to all activities that people need to, want to, and are expected to do. It includes activities of daily life related to selfcare, productivity and leisure time, named, defined and having a value given to them by individuals and culture. Human beings are occupational beings, and occupation is an active element of human existence, necessary for health as it is understood in the broadest sense. The right to pursue activities relevant to the individual, which is enshrined in the concept of occupational justice, is often not reflected by the opportunities available to individuals or groups facing various types of limitations, e.g., disabilities, mental disorders, social exclusion, etc. Limited awareness, unavailability of support, funding difficulties - this is the grim reality both for people struggling with certain difficulties and for those who look after their care. In this article, the idea of occupational justice is contextualised within the Polish reality of health care and social care directed to people with mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the colonization of Brazil in 1500, systemic, institutional, and relational racism has produced inequalities for its black and indigenous people. This legacy perpetuates white supremacy and intensifies social inequalities. Purpose: This Opinion Piece aims to raise reflexivity on racism in Brazil and its impacts on the occupations of black people within the context of occupational apartheid. Key issues: We start exploring social justice and occupational justice concepts to map a methodological path for the theoretically informed discussion. Then, we discuss the concept of collective occupations as a possibility for intervention in the face of racial inequalities and introduce some occupational therapy practices to exemplify strategies to tackle the identified challenges. Implications: We conclude by showing that the field of ethnic-racial relations is still only minimally explored in Brazilian occupational therapy. We also point out some possibilities for further studies in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population-level analyses can demonstrate occupational injustices and their impact on population health. The objective of this article is to examine whether population-level occupational factors are related to the mental health of Montanans. We used linear regression models of the 2021 Montana County Health Rankings to examine the association between occupational justice and mental health, adjusting for covariates. Predictor variables were access to exercise, insufficient sleep, healthy food access, food insecurity, proximal jobs, and social support. Outcome variables were frequent mental health distress and poor mental health days. Adjusted models showed significant associations between both insufficient sleep (β = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.0.11, 0.40]; Table 2) and food insecurity (β = 0.32, 95% CI = [0.22, 0.43]) and poor mental health days z scores. Adjusted models also showed significant associations between insufficient sleep (β = 0.18, 95% CI = [0.10, 0.26]) and food insecurity (β = 0.19, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.25]) and frequent mental health distress. Future research should study whether targeting sleep and food security can enhance Montanans's mental health., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Engagement in meaningful occupations and being included as full citizens of the community, is essential in everyday life, and may be of considerable relevance for recovery and quality of life. However, persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems experience extensive obstacles to engagement in occupations and citizenship. The relationship between objective measures of occupational status and subjective experiences of occupational meaningfulness, citizenship and recovery, is scarcely researched in the context of co-occurring problems. As such, the purpose of this study is to examine associations between occupational status, occupational meaningfulness, citizenship and recovery and quality of life and to examine the roles of occupational meaningfulness and citizenship as possible mediators between occupational status and recovery and quality of life. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 104 residents at supported housing sites across six Norwegian cities. Findings: Linear regression analyzes indicated that occupational status was significantly associated with the citizenship domains caring for others and community participation and with the quality of life measure positive affect. Occupational meaningfulness and citizenship were significantly associated with different domains of recovery and quality of life. Furthermore, mediation analyzes showed that the relationship between occupational status and recovery and quality of life was mediated by caring for others and community participation. Originality/value: The results suggest that emphasizing opportunities for occupational meaningfulness and citizenship in practice may have positive implications for recovery among persons with co-occurring problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – Equality of rights for individuals who identify as being lesbian or gay (LG) have emerged over recent years, and significant advancements have been made in recognition and support of LG rights in Ireland. Given the recent change in legal rights for the LG population, Civil Partnership 2010 and Marriage Equality 2015, this paper aims to explore the lived experience of daily occupations of LG adult’s in Ireland today, by applying an occupational justice lens. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative phenomenological research study, examined the concept of occupational justice as experienced by eight adults, who identified as being LG. Data was collected through face to face, semi-structured interviews. Findings – Four themes capturing the complexity of each participant’s experience of daily occupations and occupational justice emerged, namely, transitions and personal journeys, celebrating differences, empowerment through occupation and inner conflict. Findings demonstrate how occupational justice is experienced as a complex, contextually embedded and dynamic process specific to each individual. Originality/value – Future research in this area should aim to explore the experiences of both a younger and older LG population, along with those who identify as bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex to continue to raise awareness of the potential for occupational injustice within this minority population.

Scant evidence exists regarding occupational therapy in carceral settings. Exploring perspectives and experiences to understand current practices is needed. To explore how occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) navigate evaluation, interventions, and role delineation. Qualitative study using phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches Data gathered through semistructured interviews with seven OTPs with average experience of 16 months, representing six states and four practice settings. Themes were identified by two independent coders who analyzed the data with consensus by third researcher. Four themes emerged: managing contextual challenges, interpersonal professional relationships, evidence-informed services, and client-focused care. Practitioners applied various frames of reference, utilized self-report and observation evaluation methods, and implemented holistic direct and indirect interventions. Understanding and supporting the value of therapeutic relationships, activity/occupational performance analysis, and foci of occupational therapy (OT) domains and processes that emphasize indirect roles can further define and highlight the distinctive nature of OT within carceral settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Experiences of occupational participation of adults with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs) were explored through the lens of the Model of Occupational Justice (MOJ) and Critical Theory in order to shape and develop an occupation-centered model of quality of life (QoL). This qualitative study involved thirteen adults with IDs ( N = 13). A semi-structured interview, constructed based on MOJ and Critical Theory principles, was administered to explore perspectives on QoL, as well as injustices regarding occupational participation. The interviews were analyzed using QSR NVivo8 and followed a content analysis methodology. A preliminary model of Occupational Quality of Life (O-QoL), with an everyday occupations core component, has been formed. The model includes three core O-QoL domains: (i) social well-being, (ii) emotional-physical well-being, and (iii) material adequacy. Key indicators of O-QoL were identified as leisure and social activities, while socioenvironmental factors such as occupational deprivation were noted as aggravating. Specific occupations, including leisure activities, physical exercise/sports, art, video games, and vocational training, were found to be beneficial for O-QoL. Moreover, the importance of promoting and supporting the rights of people with IDs for employment, independent living, and sexual expression was highlighted. The model of O-QoL (version 1) could be a valuable alternative conceptual framework of QoL in the field of IDs; however, further research is needed to validate and refine the model.

Background: Fostering social participation for active and healthy ageing among older adults is an urgent issue in a changing society that requires new approaches from occupational therapists as well as from society at large., Aim: To explore possibilities to foster social participation for older adults in society from the perspective of stakeholders., Material and Methods: A qualitative design was applied. 18 key informants, engaged in supporting older adults in their organisational roles as either professionals or volunteers, participated in five different focus groups discussions., Results: The results involved two overarching themes that reflects different perspectives on key informants' possibilities to foster social participation for older adults. The first theme describes how they direct their attention towards their roles within the organisations to foster social participation in their own context. The second theme describes the broader societal perspectives that they address to establish a common ground for collaboration and knowledge-sharing among different stakeholders., Conclusions: The findings emphasise how addressing common challenges and developing collaboration are essential to foster older adults' social participation. It is therefore necessary to involve policy-makers and decision-makers. Occupational therapists and researchers should consider the value of occupational justice to drive collective and social approaches.

Occupation-based scholars are striving to mobilize socially responsive scholarship to address occupational injustices from local to global scales. Moving forward involves expanding beyond Western, Anglophonic, female, able-bodied, adult perspectives on occupation, with critically informed participatory methodologies providing one key means to incorporate diverse perspectives on occupation and occupational justice. Drawing upon a participatory action research project with children with disabilities from rural South India, this paper puts forward an understanding of participatory action research as an occupational process (i.e., embodying a variety of occupations) and an occupation-based process (i.e., informed by an occupational lens). We forefront how 'occupation' was centered and mobilized within the process of this participatory action research. In addition, drawing on select study findings, we illustrate and discuss how participatory action research provided a forum to partner with the child co-researchers and collaboratively identify and critically analyse occupational injustices. Through this illustration and discussion of participatory action research as an occupation-based process and occupational process, we demonstrate its potential to be used to enact contextually responsive scholarship and praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new binary integer programming mathematical model for scheduling nurses' problems in the emergency department of Kamkar Hospital in Qom province is developed. The manual arrangement of nurses by the head nurse and its time-consuming, occasional absences during the period and protests against injustices in the arrangement of nurses' work shifts were among the emergency department's challenges before implementing the model. Most relevant studies aimed to enhance nurses' satisfaction by creating a general balance considering occupational preferences. Thus, the present study pursued justice through considering preferences based on the results from periodical evaluations of each nurse's performance with the ultimate goal of improving nurses' satisfaction. Moreover, the lack of clarity in selecting shifts, which may cause irregular attendance, was improved using the Z-number method. After the run of the model, the rate of nurses' absences decreased by 40%, the rate of complaints about the performance of the nursing unit decreased by 50%. Also, nurses' satisfaction increased by 30% after the implementation of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]