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The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of adaptation of two-year children to children's groups or nursery schoos. I describe in the theoretical part the psychosocial development of the child from birth to pre-school age, concentrating on the differences between the second and the third year of children. The main part is the development theory of M. Mahler, more specifically focused on the stage of separation of individuals and J. Bowlby's theory of separation from the caregiver. Part of this thesis is the progress of the education of two-year-olds, the method of work, the environment and the teacher's competence. At the end of the theoretical part, I focus on the specific needs of two-year-old children. The practical part represents the results of qualitative research, in which five children were observed for four months (September - December). Overall, it was clear from the observation that children who were older had fewer problems with all areas. Speeches related to difficulties in the separation of survived at two children (girls). All children were able to involve into the group (some more quickly, others during observation.) All children have difficulty in self-service; eating problems had at the beginning all children, but this later improved.

I focuse my dissertation on the differences in the behaviour of the child in a family and nursery. In the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of family, its development, function and the present form of the family. Another important part of the work is the study of peculiarities of children under the age of three from the perspective of ontogenetic psychology and get information about possibilities of day care for children under three years. For practical part is main case study of the observed child, wich was created by long- term observation and interview with mother. To compare was used the observation in nursery. I focused primarily on the self-care, communication and social sphere. Key words: adaptation, observation, institution, nursery, family, separation from mother, toddler