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12 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 56 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37428-6, Soil contamination is one of the main threats to ecosystem health and sustainability. Yet little is known about the extent to which soil contaminants differ between urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems. Here we show that urban greenspaces and adjacent natural areas (i.e., natural/semi-natural ecosystems) shared similar levels of multiple soil contaminants (metal(loid)s, pesticides, microplastics, and antibiotic resistance genes) across the globe. We reveal that human influence explained many forms of soil contamination worldwide. Socio-economic factors were integral to explaining the occurrence of soil contaminants worldwide. We further show that increased levels of multiple soil contaminants were linked with changes in microbial traits including genes associated with environmental stress resistance, nutrient cycling, and pathogenesis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that human-driven soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces globally, and highlights that soil contaminants have the potential to cause dire consequences for ecosystem sustainability and human wellbeing., This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by the BES grant agreement No LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). We are grateful for the assistance of Yunyun Hao and Xuemei Han during soil sampling. We also thank Drs. Shuai Du and Xiuli Hao for their help in data analyses. M. D-B. is supported by the projects from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115813RA-I00) (SOIL4GROWTH) and TED2021-130908B-C41 (URBANCHANGE) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). Y-R. L. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177022). M.G.A.H is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_188799). D.J.E. is supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. F.B. and J.L.M. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry and FEDER funds for the project AGL2017-85755-R, the I+D+i project PID2020-114942RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, the i-LINK+2018 (LINKA20069) from CSIC, as well as funds from “Fundación Séneca” from Murcia Province (19896/GERM/15). E.M.-J. was supported by an Experienced Researcher Fellowship of the Humboldt Foundation. E.M-J. and C.P. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116578RB-I00). F.A. is supported by ANID FONDECYT 1220358. H-W.H. and J-Z.H. are supported by the project (DP210100332) from Australian Research Council. S.A. is funded by ANID FONDECYT 1170995 and ANID ANILLO ACT192027. MB is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2021-031797-I). The contribution of TG and TUN was supported by the Research Program in Forest Biology, Ecology and Technology (P4-0107) and project V4-3098 of the Slovenian Research Agency. T.P.M. would like to acknowledge contributions from the National Research Foundation of South Africa and cities involved in the South African survey. J.D. and A. Rey acknowledge support from the FCT (IF/00950/2014 and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively). JPV is thankful to SERB (EEQ/2021/001083) and DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and BHU-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for research and development. MCR acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant (694368). AM acknowledged financial support from the PMRF, Ministry of Education - Government of India, India.

V magistrski nalogi smo v poljskem poskusu ocenili fitoremediacijski potencial dveh sort navadne konoplje, 'Tisze' in 'Future 75'. Izbrali smo tri poskusne lokacije v Celjski kotlini z različno stopnjo onesnaženosti tal s svincem, cinkom in kadmijem: v kraju Medlog (kontrolna lokacija, neonesnažena s Pb in Zn, malo onesnažena s Cd), v kraju Babno (srednje onesnažena lokacija) in v kraju Bukovžlak (najbolj onesnažena lokacija). Pred setvijo smo na vsaki lokaciji odvzeli združene vzorce tal in določili osnovne pedološke parametre (pH, delež organske snovi in rastlinam dostopna hranila) ter vsebnost Pb, Zn in Cd v tleh. Seme smo z Wintersteigerjevo sejalnico posejali junija 2017, na 18 m2 površine. Poskus smo izvajali v štirih ponovitvah, žetev smo opravili oktobra 2017. Izmerili smo biomaso vsakega rastlinskega dela posebej (korenine, seme, socvetja, ločeno stržen in povrhnjica, pri dvospolni sorti 'Tisza' ločen stržen in povrhnjica tudi po spolu) in privzem kovin v rastlinske dele. Najpogosteje smo največjo koncentracijo Pb, Zn in Cd pri obeh sortah izmerili v socvetjih, sledijo korenine in semena, najmanjši privzem Pb, Zn in Cd je pri obeh sortah v stržen in povrhnjico. V eni rastni dobi fitoremediacija z navadno konopljo še ni učinkovita, v več letih pa bi lahko uspešno očistili malo onesnažena tla. In a master's thesis, in a field experiment, we evaluated the phytoremediation potential of two varieties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), 'Tisza' and 'Futura 75'. We selected three experimental locations in the Celje valley with different levels of soil contamination with lead, zinc and cadmium: Medlog was control location, not contaminated with Pb and Zn and slightly contaminated with Cd. In Babno, soil was medium contaminated and in Bukovžlak soil was the most contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cd. Before sowing we took soil samples from each location and determinate the basic pedological parameters (pH, organic matter content, nutrients available to plants) and lead, zinc and cadmium content in the soil. The seeds were sown with the Wintersteiger seeder in June 2017 on an 18 m2 large area. The experiment was performed in four replicates. The harvest was carried out in October 2017. We measured the biomass of each plant part separately (roots, seeds, inflorescences, separately pith and epidermis, in the two genders variety 'Tisza' separately pith and epidermis also by gender) and metal uptake by plant. Most often, the highest concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in both varieties were measured in inflorescences, followed by roots and seeds. The lowest uptake of Pb, Zn and Cd is in both varieties the pith and epidermis. In one growing season, phytoremediation with hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is not effective yet, however, in a few years slightly contaminated soil could be successfully cleared with hemp.

V monografiji je na zadosten in potrebno celovit način predstavljena problematika sledenja težke kovine – cinka, ki se v ekosistem vinograda vnaša z uporabo organokovinskih fitofarmacevtskih pripravkov. Cink je sestavni del aktivne komponente Antracol-a, ki se v vinogradništvu veliko uporablja kot kontaktni fungicid. Raziskava potrjuje, da je povečana vsebnost cinka v vinogradniških tleh v glavnem posledica dolgoletne uporabe organokovinskih fitofarmacevtskih pripravkov. Z osredotočanjem na problematiko tal v vinogradu, občutljivost ravnovesja v antropogeno spremenjenem ekosistemu, kemizem cinka v tleh ter nenazadnje tudi s smernicami za obnovo onesnaženih tal je v monografiji celostno zaobjet trajnostno naravnan pogled na obravnavano tematiko. Rezultati raziskave so primerjani z dognanji raziskovalcev v svetovnem prostoru zato so predstavljena znanja izrazito aktualna. Z zavedanjem o naravnem krogotoku vnesenih snovi v tla in prehajanju le-teh v prehranjevalno verigo, želi vsebina monografije nagovoriti cenjeni avditorij o pomembnosti sledenja onesnaženja v okolju in nujnosti takojšnjega ukrepanja.