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Resumen La Dirección de Servicios Técnicos de la Universidad de La Habana es la encargada de ofrecer los servicios relacionados con las TIC que precisa la comunidad universitaria para su funcionamiento y desarrollo. En el presente trabajo se aborda la interrogante: ¿cómo garantizar que estos servicios se brinden con la calidad requerida y demandada por la comunidad universitaria? La propuesta considera la complementariedad entre la asistencia técnica, la tecnología abierta y la tercerización de los servicios como la vía fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo. Se discuten los conceptos asociados a este paradigma y se demuestra su relevancia para lograr la estabilidad y la efectividad de los servicios informáticos. Se demuestra lo imprescindible de este enfoque en el entorno tecnológico cubano, afectado gravemente por el bloqueo de Estados Unidos; así como la urgencia de garantizar un servicio de calidad ante las demandas incrementadas por la COVID 19. Se realiza una investigación de carácter mixto. Abstract The Office of Technological Services of the University of Havana is in charge of offering the IT-related services that the university community needs for its operation and development. This paper addresses the question: how to guarantee that these services are provided with the quality required and demanded by the university community? The proposal considers the complementarity between technical assistance, open technology and outsourcing of services as the fundamental way to achieve this objective. The concepts associated with this paradigm are discussed and its relevance to achieve the stability and effectiveness of IT services is demonstrated. The essentiality of this approach in the Cuban technological environment, seriously affected by the United States blockade is demonstrated; as well as the urgency of guaranteeing a quality service in the face of increased demands due to the COVID 19 pandemics. We develop a mixtural research., Los autores declaran no presentar conflictos de intereses

Consider a supply chain consists of one supplier and two manufactures, we discuss the influence of manufacturer’s technology sharing on supplier’s technology investment decision, and the impact of equity holding on the first two by constructing a multi-stage game between a supplier and two manufacturers. The results show that when the investment cost is relatively high, the manufacturer will choose to open technology to induce supplier investment in open technology. Otherwise, it will choose to close technology to force the supplier investment in both technologies. We also find that when the spillover effect is small, the probability that the manufacturer choosing to open technology and the supplier investing in the open technology decreases first and then increases with the shareholding ratio.

O conceito e a cultura por detrás da Educação Aberta é abranger o maior número de pessoas possível de maneira gratuita e acessível. Desse modo, faz-se necessário promover essa cultura dentro das instituições e nas agendas políticas dos governos para que tais ações cheguem até “a linha de frente” da educação: professores e alunos. As suas práticas geralmente estão fundamentadas em planos de aula, os quais, por sua vez, dependendo da sua construção, podem ou não estar adequados ao contexto no qual se inserem. Nesse viés, o presente trabalho consistiu em produzir um Recurso Educacional Aberto (REA), na forma de um software digital online, cujo objetivo é disponibilizar um espaço para a criação colaborativa e compartilhamento de planos de aula em um modelo inovador: o das Coreografias Didáticas - uma poderosa forma de prever, compreender e delinear as aprendizagens necessárias para cada estudante em cada contexto e domínio. O modelo serviu de base para criar o software Proscenium, que foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de contribuir tanto para a Educação Aberta quanto para a disseminação das Coreografias Didáticas, ainda pouco popularizadas em diversas partes do mundo. Já disponibilizado para testes, o Proscenium demonstrou efetividade na concepção do planejamento pedagógico de professores e evidenciou oportunidades de melhoria que auxiliarão na sua configuração como uma tecnologia aberta., Indagatio Didactica, vol. 14 n.º 1 (2022)

Wikipedian-in-Residence (WIR) programs are becoming more common in academic libraries. Although they hold a great deal of promise, they are often limited in scope given their frequently short-term and sometimes part-time nature. After a successful one-year, part-time WIR pilot, the University of Toronto Libraries (UTL) has piloted a one-year, full-time Open Technology Specialist (OTS) role to build upon the WIR’s accomplishments and allow for a more comprehensive approach to Wikimedia activities in the library. Through extensive research, outreach, and relationship-building, the OTS has considerably expanded the scope of WIR’s activities to advance a wide range of institutional strategic priorities for the long term. In line with UTL’s commitment to barrier-free access to all of the right information, the OTS incorporates Wikimedia activities into existing workflows across the library system in ways that prioritize support for historically excluded communities and collections while being sensitive to issues of access and description. In its pilot year, the OTS has created a network out of previously isolated Wikimedia engagement across the library system, trained staff, and volunteers across and beyond UTL, and helped launch formal projects that deepen institutional engagement. The OTS has also continued to contribute to Wikipedia, expanding their editing scope to the appropriate use of archival sources and the development of tools, which help bridge the gap between Wikipedia and Wikidata. Through the OTS, UTL has systematically deepened its contributions to the open Web. The UTL OTS pilot experience has demonstrated that positions dedicated to engagement in Wikimedia or other open technologies hold a great deal of potential and are worthy of further consideration for ongoing investment of staff and budget resources by academic libraries.

Hamilton Public Library’s northernmost rural branch in Ontario’s Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) leveraged technology to offer customers Extended Access to the library, a valued community ...

Introduction: Three decades of evidence have demonstrated that plants are an affordable platform for biopharmaceutical production and delivery. For instance, several plant-made recombinant proteins have been approved for commercialization under good manufacturing practice (GMP). Thus far, plant-based vaccine prototypes have been evaluated at pre- and clinical levels. Particularly, plant-made vaccines against parasitic diseases, such as malaria, cysticercosis, and toxoplasmosis have been successfully produced and orally delivered with promising outcomes in terms of immunogenicity and protection. The experience on several approaches and technical strategies over 30 years accounts for their potential low-cost, high scalability, and easy administration.Areas covered: This platform is an open technology to fight against Chagas disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide.Expert opinion: This review provides a perspective for the potential use of plants as a production platform and delivery system of Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant antigens, analyzing the advantages and limitations with respect to plant-made vaccines produced for other parasitic diseases. Plant-made vaccines are envisioned to fight against Chagas disease and other neglected tropical diseases in those countries suffering endemic prevalence.

This article examines the mediating impact of open technology strategies (OTS) on the link between three types of external knowledge sources (i.e., scientific, institutional, and indirect partners) and business performance (BP). Structural equation modeling is conducted in order to test the research model based on a survey of 241 companies drawn from the database of Turkey's largest 500 manufacturing companies. The study's findings indicate that the implementation of OTS mediates the relationships between external knowledge sourcing (EKS) from scientific partners and indirect partners with BP. However, no support is found for the mediation effect of OTS on the link between EKS from institutional partners and BP. This article extends the innovation literature by empirically investigating open innovation in large-scale companies in emerging country settings. Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [20160] This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University under Project number: 20160.

All over the world, education—which could be understood as a universal right and public good—is facing processes of economization and privatization. Technology—which could be understood as a common means of production, collaboratively developed—is taken away from the public and put into corporate hands. This article is designed as a conversation investigating the question of shared and common knowledge from the perspectives of an educator and an engineer, respectively. The dialogue explores necessary convergences in radical practices of commoning, and possible future strategies for education and Open Technology. It asks how new models can challenge the neoliberal agenda and move away from established policies, and how a collective re-appropriation of the means of production could emerge within a post-digital society.

Stemming from the convergence of tissue engineering and microfluidics, organ-on-chip (OoC) technology can reproduce in vivo-like dynamic microphysiological environments for tissues in vitro. The possibility afforded by OoC devices of realistic recapitulation of tissue and organ (patho)physiology may hold the key to bridge the current translational gap in drug development, and possibly foster personalized medicine. Here we underline the biotechnological convergence at the root of OoC technology, and outline research tracks under development in our group at TU Delft along two main directions: fabrication of innovative microelectromechanical OoC devices, integrating stimulation and sensing of tissue activity, and their embedding within advanced platforms for pre-clinical research. We conclude with remarks on the role of open technology platforms for the broader establishment of OoC technology in pre-clinical research and drug development.

Open Technology, with just in time manufacturing is illustrated with the Free EEG 32 project, with open source hardware and software fulfilled with Seeed Studios, and Mouser as the vendor. The product illustrates the use of 32 EEG channels for M.L based learning of 32 dimensional data streams for the classification, with deep learning of meditative states, quantified as spectral power ratios, differential spectral power ratios and identification of the various bardos, and biofeedback mechanisms.Inspired by the MUSE headset, soundscape engineering is used as feedback on meditation coherence and bird chirps indicate transcendental success factor thresholds, illustrated with the Transcendental Meditation (™) system of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Keywords: ™, EEG based hardware, 32 channels, Free EEG 32, Seeed studio, gerber, just in time, on-demand, drop-shipping, D-Commerce, portals, MUSE headband, FFT, Chaos analysis, deep learning

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been perceived by several authors as a technology with a potential impact in educational contexts, highlighting the concept of hypersituation and its didactic potential. This paper presents the main results relating the student’s perception about an IoT based learning environment supported on an IoT device and a set of didactic guides. The IoT device was developed with low cost and open technology. Complementarily to the device development, a visual guidebook was created to facilitate the device construction by teachers and students, even if they do not have prior knowledge about the use of IoT technologies. Along with the device assembly guide, interdisciplinary didactic guides were also developed to be used in learning tasks. The results obtained demonstrate that teens involved in the study expressed a desire to continue to use the device in their classes and that it was a stimulating and facilitating factor for learning. published

This open access book presents how Open Science is a powerful tool to boost Higher Education. The book introduces the reader into Open Access, Open Technology, Open Data, Open Research results, Open Licensing, Open Accreditation, Open Certification, Open Policy and, of course, Open Educational Resources. It brings all these key topics from major players in the field; experts that present the current state of the art and the forthcoming steps towards a useful and effective implementation.

This study considers a free licensing strategy with passive ownership and investigates the interaction with ex-post privatization policy in a mixed oligopoly where free licensing can be announced before the government selects its optimal degree of privatization. We examine and compare foreign and public licensors and explore the relationships between the foreign share of passive ownership in domestic firms and the incentive of free licensing strategies. We show that free licensing strategies always yield more privatization and higher welfare. By contrast, free licensing between the foreign and public licensors depends on the share of passive ownership and technology gap. We further consider open technology and fee licensing strategies and provide contrasting findings on the optimal degree of privatization and welfare consequences.

Hydrogel actuators are a class of actuators that use the swelling of a hydrogel to achieve movement. The fabrication of such actuators is usually cumbersome and, in many cases, expensive. Nowadays, sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) beads are being commercialized as toys, moisturizing agents and for decoration purposes. In this communication, we present a methodology for using commercially available hydrogel NaPA beads for the fabrication of a plethora of actuators. The here-described methodology has the advantage of being easy to implement using readily available materials and is versatile in terms of components, e.g., fabricating hydrogel/textile mixed actuator, actuator movements and cheap, a single actuator costing less than 0.1 Eurocent.

In the current world, it is easy to listen that everybody and everything is connected. Over this connected world, the concept of location-based services has grown in order to provide digital services in everyplace and at every time. Nevertheless, this is not 100% true because the connection is not guaranteed for many people and in many places. These are the Degraded Communications Environments (DCE), environments where the availability of high-speed communications is not guaranteed in at least the 75% of the time. This paper works over the experience of a previous work in developing light protocols that do not need broadband for communication. This work provides an extension of these protocols for the inclusion of mobile devices as elements of the communication process and a set of libraries to allow the development of applications in DCE. The work done has involved the development of two frameworks: an Android framework that makes the incorporation of Android devices easier and a server-based fra...

In this paper we present the construction of a mechanical gripper with four “fingers” (needles) which are used to transplant seedlings in multi-cell trays; the gripper is magnetically coupled to an open technology Cartesian robot. All parts are 3D printed thereby achieving a high degree of replicability, it is also lightweight and resistant to damp environments and sea breezes. In order to determine the morphology of the gripper, we described the mechanic of seedling transplantation, obtaining design needs, such as the penetration angle of the claw needles in the seedlings substrate; as well as the torque required to achieve a successful transplant. Finally, we disclose the gripper printed in 3D and the different transplant applications carried out.

This introduction presents the analytical framework implemented by the book as the grafting of the tools elaborated by the economics of knowledge and the legacy of Joseph Schumpeter to explore the foundations of the new knowledge economy and the shift away from the corporate growth regime. It frames the innovation process as a creative response based upon the accumulation, generation and exploitation of knowledge and highlights the new structure of advanced economies where knowledge is at the same time the prime input and output. It emphasizes the limits of the new knowledge growth regime, raised by the role of finance, income distribution and intellectual property rights and recommends appropriate economic policies based upon an open technology approach.

This paper summarizes the outcome of the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) ORCHID Strategy workshop (Leiden, the Netherlands, 17 January 2019) intended to establish a European OoC roadmap through expert discussions, conclusions and recommendations. The workshop identified six specific building blocks for the OoC roadmap: (1) application, (2) specification, (3) qualification, (4) standardization, (5) production and upscaling, and (6) adoption. Complementary aspects relating to ethics and communication were also addressed. Priorities, methods and targets for the roadmap were proposed for each building block. General consensus was reached on the potential contribution of the newly founded European Organ-on-Chip Society (EUROoCS), which could facilitate deployment of each block. EUROoCS would ideally initiate and catalyze dialogue between OoC developers, end users and regulators. The dialogue should address qualification, open technology platforms, standardization and implementation of OoC technology, as well as ethical aspects of human tissue mimics, training the next generation of OoC researchers, dissemination and communication.

In the post-war political landscape in Norway, it has been a rooted consensus to maintain the coastal fleet as the largest and most important segment of the Norwegian fishing fleet. The simple and open technology, and low entrance costs in the coastal fisheries have secured employment in fisheries dependent districts, especially in Northern Norway. In order to protect the coastal fleet from the deep-sea fleet, the regime fixed the resource allocation and secured the coastal vessels with the largest share of the national TAC for cod. However, despite the strong institutionalization of the coastal fleet, the regime has not managed to avoid a rapid growth of deep-sea vessels and reallocation of quotas within the coastal group.

Competing technologies in emerging industries create uncertainties that discourage supplier investments. Open technology can induce supplier investments, but may also lead to intensified future competition. In this paper, we study competing manufacturers' open-technology strategies. We show that despite the risk of intensifying future competition, open technologies by competing manufacturers may constitute an equilibrium and can indeed induce supplier investments. In addition, we identify a technology-risk-pooling benefit; namely, by opening technologies, competing manufacturers can induce supplier investments in both technologies and later adopt the one preferred by the market. However, manufacturers may also exhibit the prisoner's dilemma and close their technologies despite the risk-pooling benefit. In this case, there is potential for collaborative technology sharing through cross licensing. Finally, we show that manufacturers may sometimes close their technologies to force supplier investments. This paper has an e-companion at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0598 .

Environmental data is collected at unprecedented scales and speeds, targeting diverse societal challenges, and through the inclusion of multiple stakeholders. Yet, an understanding of enabling technologies involved in the engagement of citizens appear largely outside of the realm of air pollution. Recently, different air pollution projects have been rolled out in Europe and abroad; a structured analysis, however, of the way citizens are involved in these type of projects does not yet exist. In contribution to the ongoing EU-Funded project hackAIR, this paper therefore explores this research gap on the topic of air pollution and citizen science through the following question: Which engagement mechanisms can be identified in existing air pollution citizen science projects? We combine multiple literature sources, employ a systematic case study analysis and conduct seven qualitative interviews with key experts to target citizen science projects related to air pollution. Several mechanisms emerged at the interface between air pollution, citizen participation and knowledge production. These include: (1) Scale, (2) User-involvement and co-creation, (3) Communication, and (4) User motivation and aspects of behaviour. Despite its growing reputation in digital innovation, a majority of the mapped projects do not explicitly engage in any co-creation process. Multiple project insights suggest the importance of non-academic stakeholders as agents for communication and engagement. Campaign-based gamification can prove successful in establishing urgency in local contexts. Common engagement barriers include issues in the data contribution, science communication, technical project limitations, scaling and the critical nature of distributed sensors. This preliminary research offers a fruitful approach in assessing and comparing initiatives, and can enrich our understanding of the contribution that air pollution technology can have in citizen science.

Many countries have a rapidly ageing population, placing strain on health services and creating a growing market for assistive technology for older people. We have, through a student-led, 12-week project for 10 students from a variety of science and engineering backgrounds, developed an integrated sensor system to enable older people, or those at risk, to live independently in their own homes for longer, while providing reassurance for their family and carers. We provide details on the design procedure and performance of our sensor system and the management and execution of a short-term, student-led research project. Detailed information on the design and use of our devices, including a door sensor, power monitor, fall detector, general in-house sensor unit and easy-to-use location-aware communications device, is given, with our open designs being contrasted with closed proprietary systems. A case study is presented for the use of our devices in a real-world context, along with a comparison with commercially available systems. We discuss how the system could lead to improvements in the quality of life of older users and increase the effectiveness of their associated care network. We reflect on how recent developments in open source technology and rapid prototyping increase the scope and potential for the development of powerful sensor systems and, finally, conclude with a student perspective on this team effort and highlight learning outcomes, arguing that open technologies will revolutionize the way in which technology will be deployed in academic research in the future.