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Objective To study the clinical characteristics of dental trauma and provide data support for clinical work and health education, the clinical data of patients in the Guangzhou area were reviewed. Methods The clinical data of patients attending the general Emergency Department of Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2017 to January 2022 were analyzed according to gender, age, trauma cause, trauma type, tooth position and trauma duration, and postoperative time of trauma. Results The ratio of males to females was 1.07:1, and the ratio of patients aged 10-19 years was 2.76:1. Falls and collisions were the main causes of the trauma. Concussion and uncomplicated crown fracture were the most frequent subcategories of dental trauma. For tooth position, the upper maxillary middle incisors had the highest rate of trauma, followed by the maxillary lateral incisors. January and December were the two months with the highest incidence of trauma, while the rate of dental trauma on weekends was slightly higher than on weekdays, and 77.81% of patients visited within 24 h after the trauma. Conclusion Dental trauma commonly occurs in the adolescent maxillary incisors, and crown fracture and concussion are the main types of injury. The major causes are falls and collisions. The general population should pay more attention to strengthening the protection of teeth during outdoor activities and learn emergency dental treatment methods. At the same time, dentists should be more skilled in the treatment of dental trauma, and uncommon types of dental trauma should be given more attention to avoid poor outcomes.

In order to analyze the clinical characteristics of death cases in the oral emergency department of the stomatological hospital, and to improve the first aid technique before and in hospitals, we collected the clinical data of death cases in the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2010 to January 2023 for retrospective analysis. General cha-racteristics, such as the patients' gender, age, chief complaint, maxillofacial diseases, systemic underlying diseases, rescue situation, cause of death and seasonal distribution of death were summarized. The results showed that a total of 8 death cases (5 males and 3 females) occurred during the 13-year period, ranging in age from 40 to 86 years, with a median age of 66 years. Among the 8 patients, 5 reported bleeding from oral cancer, 1 reported chest tightness and dyspnea after oral cancer surgery, 1 reported loss of consciousness after maxillofacial trauma, and 1 reported oral erosion and aphagia. All the 8 patients had one or more underlying diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, renal failure, and cerebral infarction, etc . and 2 of them showed dyscrasia. Among them, the cause of death in 5 cases was respiratory and circulatory failure caused by oral cancer rupture and hemorrhage or poor surgical wound healing and hemorrhage; 1 case was uremia and hyperkalemia leading to circulatory failure; 1 case was asphyxia caused by swelling of oral floor tissue after maxillofacial trauma; and the other case was acute myocardial infarction caused circulatory failure after oral cancer surgery. According to the vital state at the time of treatment, 6 patients had loss of consciousness, respiratory and cardiac arrest before hospital, and 2 patients suffered from loss of consciousness, respiratory and cardiac arrest during treatment. All the patients received cardiopulmonary resuscitation and some advanced life support measures, and the average rescue time was 46 min. Due to the low incidence of death in the oral emergency department, medical personel have little experience in first aid. First aid training and drills and assessment should be organized regularly. First aid facilities should be always available and regularly maintained by special personnel, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor, defibrillator, simple breathing apparatus, oxygen supply system, negative pressure suction system, endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy equipment. The death cases mainly occurred in the elderly patients with oral cancer bleeding and systemic underlying diseases. Education of emergency awareness for the elderly patients with oral cancer after surgery should be enhanced. Medical staff should strengthen first aid awareness and skills.

Purpose of Research: We aimed to describe the type of emergencies as well as the population treated for oral emergencies at the Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires (Dental Medicine and Surgery Center) of Strasbourg during the COVID-19 lockdown period from March 17 to May 9, 2020., Information on patient care circuits as well as the demographic and clinical data concerning all those who accessed the Center during the study period were collected by questionnaire and from medical files. Pain was rated on a numerical scale from 0 to 10. Diagnoses and treatments provided were divided into clinically relevant classes. During the forty-two days of activity, 2,470 patients were seen and 94.2 percent of them were treated. A constant increase in activity, almost doubling between the beginning and the end of the period, was observed. Pain with an intensity greater than or equal to 5 on the scale was reported by 77.9 percent of patients; pain greater than or equal to 7 by 52.5 percent of patients. Coordination between the various general practice and hospital organizations is necessary to deal with oral emergencies, considering the high number of patients concerned and the associated pain level. This coordination was particularly effective during the COVID-19 lockdown, which led to a massive and constantly increasing recourse to emergency dental care. We were able to describe and detail the consultations for oral emergencies and confirm that the intense associated pain did not allow treatment to be postponed.

Objective: To analyze the composition, incidence and clinical characteristics of oral and maxillofacial infections in oral emergency., Methods: A retrospective study on patients with oral and maxillofacial infections who visited the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted. General characteristics, such as disease composition, gender, age distribution and position of involved teeth were analyzed., Results: A total of 8 277 patients with oral and maxillofacial infections were finally collected, including 4 378 male patients (52.9%) and 3 899 female patients (47.1%), with gender ratio of 1.12:1. The common diseases were periodontal abscess (3 826 cases, 46.2%), alveolar abscess (3 537 cases, 42.7%), maxillofacial space infection (740 cases, 9.0%), sialadenitis (108 cases, 1.3%), furuncle & carbuncle (56 cases, 0.7%) and osteomyelitis (10 cases, 0.1%). Male patients were more easily affected by periodontal abscess, space infection and furuncle & carbuncle than female patients with the gender ratios 1.24:1, 1.26:1, 2.50:1 individually, while the incidence of alveolar abscess, sialadenitis, furuncle & carbuncle had no significant gender difference. Different diseases were prone to occur at different ages. The peak ages of alveolar abscess were 5-9 and 27-67 years, while the peak age of periodontal abscess was 30-64 years. Space infection tended to occur between 21-67 years. There were 7 363 patients with oral abscess (3 826 patients with periodontal abscess and 3 537 patients with alveolar abscess), accounting for 88.9% of all the patients with oral and maxillofacial infections, involving 7 999 teeth, including 717 deciduous teeth and 7 282 permanent teeth. Periodontal abscess usually occurred in permanent teeth, especially the molar teeth. Alveolar abscess may occur in both primary teeth and permanent teeth. In primary teeth, the most vulnerable sites were primary molar teeth and maxillary central incisors while in permanent teeth the most vulnerable sites were first molar teeth., Conclusion: Understanding the incidence of oral and maxillofacial infection was conducive to the correct diagnosis and effective treatment of clinical diseases, as well as targeted education for patients of different ages and genders to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a major public health event affecting China and even the whole world. During the epidemic period of corona virus disease, appropriate oral health management and disease prevention of children is very important for children's oral and general health. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-infection and epidemic spreading of COVID-19 during dental practice, the recommendations to parents include: not only training children to maintain hand hygiene at home, exercise appropriately, strengthen physical resistance, but also helping children develop good oral and diet habit such as effective brushing and flossing to avoid oral diseases and emergency. If non-emergency oral situation occur, parents could assist their child to take home based care such as rinsing to relieve the symptoms. When oral emergencies such as acute pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, dental trauma, oral and maxillofacial infections happen, parents and children should visit dental clinic in time with correct personal protection. During the epidemic period, children's oral emergencies should be treated in accordance with current guidelines and control of COVID-19., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)