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Introduction. The dental visit is usually one of the first in apparently healthy children and abnormal oral findings can be made during it. Objective. To determine if there is an association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE), dental calculus, low weight, short height and the diagnosis of tubulopathies, in pediatric patients between 6 and 12 years of age. Methodology. A cross-sectional, non-experimental and descriptive correlational study was carried out in 20 pediatric patients at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Carabobo, Venezuela. Results. The frequency of children with tubulopathies was 45%, 95% manifested DDE, 55.55% dental calculus, 45% had low weigth and 30% had short height. Conclusions. No statistically significant association was found between DDE, dental calculus, low weight and short height, and tubulopathies; however, the values of reference percentages to the sample are of clinical relevance. The data obtained can contribute to channeling renal conditions in a timely manner during the pediatric dentistry consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The present systematic review aimed to gain deeper insight into the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histopathology of HPV-related benign and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa in pediatric patients to improve the multidisciplinary preventive and therapeutic management of oral and general healthcare. The emerging role of HPV in oral carcinogenesis in pediatric subjects, along with benign oral mucosal lesions and asymptomatic infections, brings HPV vaccination to the forefront specifically for this age group. The present systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of oral HPV-related lesions, categorized as benign (verruca vulgaris "VV", squamous cell papilloma "SP", condyloma acuminata "CA", and focal epithelial hyperplasia "FEH") and malignant (oral squamous cell carcinoma "OSCC"), in descending order of occurrence in pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the frequency and types of oral lesions described in relation to HPV genotypes and the HPV vaccine type (if any). The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022352268). Data from 60 studies, of which quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, were independently extracted and synthesized. Along with seven poorly described benign HPV-related oral lesions that could not be categorized, a total of 146 HPV-related oral lesions, namely 47.26% (n = 69) VV, SP, and CA, 51.37% (n = 75) FEH, and 1.37% (n = 2) OSSC, were diagnosed in 153 pediatric subjects (M:F ratio = 1:1.4) with a mean age of lesion onset of 8.46 years. The viral genotypes detected were HPV-13 (30.61%), -6 (20.41%), -11 (16.33%), HPV-2 (12.24%), -32 (10.20%), -57 (6.12%), and -16 (4.08%). No HPV vaccination was reported in any case. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-related benign and malignant lesions and the potential role of HPV and associated vaccination in oral carcinogenesis in pediatric subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Health Organization declared the spread of the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) an "emerging threat of moderate health concern" on 23 June 2022. Although about 20,000 cases of Monkeypox (MPX) were recorded in Europe and more than 28,000 in the United States from May to October 2022, their number is still small compared to the number of dental patients treated annually. Therefore, the likelihood of oral healthcare workers encountering an MPX case is relatively low in not endemic regions. In addition, MPX-positive individuals are considered contagious only during the prodromal or acute phase. However, the exact shedding and transmission routes of MPX and the associated risk of transmission in the dental setting remain unclear. Moreover, infected subjects whose disease is confined to the head and neck may require oral and dental care because they complain of lymphadenopathy involving the cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, MPX lesions may first appear in the oral cavity or perioral area. Therefore, given the recent spread of MPXV in non-endemic areas where dentists are not used to considering this disease in the differential diagnosis and taking appropriate preventive measures, all oral healthcare providers nowadays should be aware of the oral presentation of MPX for adequate oral screening and appropriate preventive measures for infection control in the dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: A deeper insight into oral lesions potentially detectable in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects and following COVID-19 vaccination may enhance clinicians' preparedness to improve inter-disciplinary pediatric oral and general healthcare. A plethora of systemic manifestations of COVID-19 and adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines have been described in pediatric subjects. Therefore, the present systematic review primarily aimed to assess the prevalence and macro-microscopic features of oral lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection, grading primary oral lesions based on COVID-19 forms, in pediatric subjects. The secondary aim was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical appearance, and histopathology of oral lesions following the WHO Emergency Use Listing approved and EMA authorized vaccines, in relation to cases and vaccine characteristics. The study protocol was compliant with the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022351821). Case reports, case series, and observational studies were electronically searched till 27 July 2022, on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases, and the PROSPERO register. Data from nine studies describing oral lesions following viral infection and two records reporting oral lesions following vaccine administration, evaluated through the ROBINS-I tool for quality, were independently extracted and qualitatively synthesized, resulting in scarce, jeopardized, and incomplete findings. Since most of the rare lesions recorded were a part of broad-spectrum systemic disorders and syndromes and, thus. undetailed or nonspecific, further studies should assess oral lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pediatric subjects, considering novel viral variants and newly developing vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection are not fully described, and most of them are still documented and collecting. The disease is characterized with a numerous clinical signs and symptoms predominant of the respiratory system, including dry cough, which is usually accompanied by fever, difficulties in breathing, and adynamia, but also other less typical symptoms of infectious disease have been described . The cause of this disease is present in both the oral cavity and saliva, which means that the environment in which we work is an excellent reservoir of viral microorganisms. As mentioned, in patients with COVID-19 the most common symptoms are occurrence of fever (more than 38 ° C), cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, rhinorrhea, sore throat, anosmia and aggeusia (the last two symptoms are most often associated with this infection). Given the fact that patients with COVID-19 may have oral signs and symptoms, there is a need for research that will note the most common oral signs and symptoms in these individuals. Hence, the main goal of the research was to make aadequate literary review of the most common oral signs and symptoms in people with COVID-19. For the realization of the main goal, a literary review was made using the following keywords "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus-19", "oral health", "oral changes" and "oral lessions" . Scientific data published exclusively in English, in professional and scientific journals from the last three years (2019, 2020 and 2021) were used. Although at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was believed that this infection would have no effect on oral health, nowadays it is known that have an impact on oral structures. Inadequate oral hygiene, the occurrence of opportunistic infections, stress, the presence of additional systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, etc.), trauma (as a consequence of intubation), vascular influences and hyperinflammatory reaction that occurs secondary, are the most important predisposing factors for the development of oral lesions in positive COVID - 19 patients. Based on the literature data, it can be noted that in patients with COVID-19 can be noted numerous orofacial signs which may help clinicians to identify suspicious cases. These changes are most commonly manifested-oral ulcers, erithematous macules, vesicular-bullous lesions and acute inflammation of the parotid gland. However, the fact presented in the modern literature that oral manifestations are rarely reported, due to the lack of dental examinations of patients with COVID-19 (insufficient attention paid to not so serious oral signs and symptoms compared to typical clinical manifestations). We believe that further studies are needed using large groups of COVID-19 patients to document all orofacial manifestations associated with COVID-19. Dentists should play a key role in the fight against KOVID-19 by recognizing oral manifestations, and before the appearance of the first systemic signs and symptoms of the disease. Therefore, dentists should be familiar with all potential orofacial manifestations of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Patients with schizophrenia are likely to constitute a high-risk group of individuals with respect to prevalence of oral diseases and they require special attention. Factors like nature of psychiatric disorders, length of stay and oral-side effects of psychotropic medications have been noted as contributors to poor oral health among institutionalized chronic psychiatric patients. Methods. This cross-sectional study comprised 190 inpatients with schizophrenia at the Dr Laza Lazarevic Clinic for Mental Disorders in Belgrade, and 190 mentally healthy patients at the Clinic for Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. A questionnaire was designed for the purpose of this research with the aim of recording information on demographic data (age and sex), unhealthy habits (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and drug abuse), and data about the existence of any oral symptom and/or sings related to oral soft tissue pathology. All participants were subjected to targeted clinical examinations. Results. All study group patients were receiving psychotropic medications (mean number 4.18 ± 1.14; from 1 to 7 medications). The study group patients had a total of 272 symptoms and 121 signs of oral disorders; which was almost four times higher for symptoms and even nine times higher for signs of oral disorders than in the control group. Conclusion. Schizophrenia as a mental disorder does not directly affect the condition of oral health of this group of psychiatric patients, but indirectly – reducing their motivation and awareness of the importance of oral health, which is particularly emphasized in hospital conditions.

Background: Leukemia defined as a hematological disorder associated with proliferating white blood cellforming tissues as resultant increasing of circulating immature white blood cells or abnormal cells. Aims of the Study: To investigate clinically the oral manifestations or discomfort oral features in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Thirty- three patients participated (17 males and 16 females) in the current study with chronic myeloid leukemia already. Results: Total numbers of cases were (33). (17 males and 16 females), the percentages of these results showed gingival bleeding (87%), fungal infection (84%), oral petechiae (72%), gingival overgrow (63%), and then finally painless oral ulceration (60%), The early diagnosis of this disease knowing that the first clinical symptoms of leukemia happen in the oral cavity with normal or show challenging changes in initial laboratory tests. Conclusions: Because of their clinical importance for early diagnosis, all such lesions or pathological status deserves the full attention of the doctors (like oral physician and general physician). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this report is to identify the main oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect in childhood, contributing to the precocious identification and diagnosis in a dental practice. Methods. The oral and dental manifestations were divided and classified according to the type of child abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect. Physical abuse. Several studies in the literature have shown that oral or facial trauma occurs in about 50% of physically abused children; the oral cavity may be a central focus for physical abuse. Oro-facial manifestations of physical abuse include bruising, abrasions or lacerations of tongue, lips, oral mucosa, hard and soft palate, gingiva, alveolar mucosa, frenum; dental fractures, dental dislocations, dental avulsions; maxilla and mandible fractures. Sexual abuse. Although the oral cavity is a frequent site of sexual abuse in children, visible oral injuries or infections are rare. Some oral signs may represent significant indications of sexual abuse, as erythema, ulcer, vescicle with purulent drainage or pseudomembranus and condylomatous lesions of lips, tongue, palate and nose-pharynx. Furthermore, if present erythema and petechiae, of unknown etiology, found on soft and hard palates junction or on the floor of the mouth, can be certainly evident proofs of forced oral sex. Dental neglect. Oral signs of neglect are easily identifiable and are: poor oral hygiene, halitosis, Early Childhood Caries (ECC), odontogenous infections (recurrent and previous abscesses), periodontal disease, aptha lesions as a consequence of a nutritional deficiency status. Moreover, it is analyzed the assessment of bite marks because often associated with child abuse, the identification and collection of clinical evidence of this type of injury. Conclusion. A precocious diagnosis of child abuse, in a dental practice, could considerably contribute in the identification of violence cases and in an early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refer to two chronic diseases which involve the large and small intestines: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.The aim of the review is to focus on main oral signs which are related to a specific treatment. Most of the articles on IBD patients consider just the typical oral disease manifestations, without taking into account oral manifestations as results from the administrated treatment.

Las enfermedades hematológicas, en muchas ocasiones, se presentan como una urgencia estomatológica, por lo que es nuestro propósito, que el profesional sepa relacionar ciertas manifestaciones clínicas con dichas patologías para, a través de una correcta anamnesis, examen clínico y complementario, diagnosticar y aplicar un adecuado tratamiento que responda a las necesidades de la enfermedad del paciente. Las principales enferme-dades hematológicas son: Alteración de los eritrocitos, anemias carenciales, megaloblásticas y drepanocitosis, anemias por fallo medular agrupan a las leucemias, aplasia medular y mieloma múltiple; alteraciones en leucocitos, pueden ser cualitativas como el síndrome del leucocito perezoso y el de Beguez-Chediak-Higashi, o cuantitativas, como las neutropenias y leucemias; alteraciones en el sistema mononuclear-macrofágico y los histiocitos, la histiocitosis a células de Langerhans; alteraciones de la hemostasia, púrpuras y hemofilias. Las principales manifestaciones bucales consisten en las gingi-vorragias, úlceras, sepsis, hemorragias e inflamación de las encías.Hematological diseases most of the times are an Odontology Urgency, that's why odontologists must know how to relate some clinic oral signs with these diseases and get, through a good questionnaire, clinic inspection and complementary test, a diagnosis and under the right treatment in agreement with these patient's necessities. The main hematological diseases which have odontological features are: erythrocyte diseases, leukocyte diseases and platelets diseases. In the erycthrocyte diseases the more frecuently pathologies are the nutritional anemias for iron or B12 vitamin deficiency, the sickle cell anemias, the bone marrow failure anemias for example: the leukemias, the aplastic anemias and multiple myeloma; in the leukocyte diseases we studied the cualitative and cuantitive alterations, for example: neutropenias, leukemias, the Beguez- Chediak-Higashi syndrome and the Langerhans cells Hystocytosis. In the platelets diseases we studied hemophylias, purpures and others hemostasy diseases. The main oral signs are: gums hemorrages, sores, swelling gums and halytosis.

(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The development of effective and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has been extremely fast. The list of orofacial adverse effects of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines based on the clinical trials are reported to be rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the facial and oral manifestations of COVID-19 vaccination using a survey-based study. (2) Methods: The questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and sent anonymously to a total of 700 subjects (medical personnel) in Poland, Italy, and other EU countries. (3) Results: 223 people answered the questionnaire, mainly vaccinated with BNT162b2. Only 3.1% and 5.4% experienced oral and facial symptoms, respectively. General diseases presence and age have significant influence on the probability of oral symptoms occurrence after the second dose. Facial symptoms are correlated with general disease; autoimmune pathologies and age, at first and second dose, respectively. Gender, smoking and regular medication intake have significant influence on the probability of taking an absence day. Gender, age, and smoking have a significant influence on the duration of symptoms after second dose. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of this preliminary survey, there is no observed significant correlation between vaccine administration for COVID-19 and facial and oral manifestations.

Aim: The aim of this report is to identify the main oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect in childhood, contributing to the precocious identification and diagnosis in a dental practice., Methods: The oral and dental manifestations were divided and classified according to the type of child abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect., Physical Abuse: Several studies in the literature have shown that oral or facial trauma occurs in about 50% of physically abused children; the oral cavity may be a central focus for physical abuse. Oro-facial manifestations of physical abuse include bruising, abrasions or lacerations of tongue, lips, oral mucosa, hard and soft palate, gingiva, alveolar mucosa, frenum; dental fractures, dental dislocations, dental avulsions; maxilla and mandible fractures., Sexual Abuse: Although the oral cavity is a frequent site of sexual abuse in children, visible oral injuries or infections are rare. Some oral signs may represent significant indications of sexual abuse, as erythema, ulcer, vescicle with purulent drainage or pseudomembranus and condylomatous lesions of lips, tongue, palate and nose-pharynx. Furthermore, if present erythema and petechiae, of unknown etiology, found on soft and hard palates junction or on the floor of the mouth, can be certainly evident proofs of forced oral sex., Dental Neglect: Oral signs of neglect are easily identifiable and are: poor oral hygiene, halitosis, Early Childhood Caries (ECC), odontogenous infections (recurrent and previous abscesses), periodontal disease, aptha lesions as a consequence of a nutritional deficiency status. Moreover, it is analyzed the assessment of bite marks because often associated with child abuse, the identification and collection of clinical evidence of this type of injury., Conclusion: A precocious diagnosis of child abuse, in a dental practice, could considerably contribute in the identification of violence cases and in an early intervention.