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Communities in a network are groups of nodes that are more strongly connected to each other. This article proposes a novel method for community detection in dynamic networks, focusing on influential nodes and overlapping communities. The method, named community detection based on adaptive multi-centrality aggregation (CDAMA), tackles two key challenges identifying influential nodes and overlapping communities. CDAMA introduces the Adaptive multi-centrality aggregation (AMCA) approach to identify influential nodes. AMCA integrates multiple centrality measures. The adaptive overlap control and merging (AOC-CM) approach addresses overlapping communities. AOC-CM utilizes structural, temporal, and semantic factors to strategically merge communities while preserving those with minimal overlap. CDAMA consists of five phases: receiving network snapshots, selecting influential nodes, launching communities, checking overlap and merging communities, and updating communities. Evaluation on three benchmark datasets demonstrates that CDAMA outperforms existing state-of-th-art methods in terms of Newman modularity, Modularity with split penalty and density modularity and Execution time. This suggests CDAMA is a valuable tool for tasks like viral marketing, information diffusion analysis, and network resilience studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the strategy for developing large-scale solid aluminum structures with multi-bead multi-layer (MBML) overlapping using wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The study addresses challenges, i.e. material accumulation, surface irregularities, and inter-bead and inter-layer gaps, by examining deposits' geometrical characteristics, process parameters, and deposition methods. Initial test coupon solid blocks are printed and analyzed using optical microscopy, and subsequent statistical optimization leads to the successful printing of a defect-free 140 mm × 150 mm × 28 mm solid block. The flat surface achieved in the MBML structure is attributed to maintaining an optimal overlap coefficient and a parabolic profile with the maximum width at the base. Microstructural analysis reveals the absence of fusion gaps, with an average porosity of 11.7 ± 2.45%, due to hydrogen evolution and reheating effects, with few larger pores near fusion lines. The microstructural and mechanical analyses confirm the homogeneity of properties along the overlapping direction (OD), with microhardness averaging 85.80 ± 6.63 HV0.1 and tensile strength of 161.55 ± 1.19 MPa with 2.18 ± 0.08% elongation. Microhardness fluctuations along the OD are attributed to fusion boundaries, partially melted and heat-affected zones. The research revealed that careful consideration of bead geometry and process parameters is crucial for achieving defect-free aluminum solid structures in WAAM through MBML overlapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many hierarchical methods for community detection in multicolored networks are capable of finding clusters when there are interslice correlation between layers. However, in general, they aggregate all the links in different layer treating them as being equivalent. Therefore, such aggregation might ignore the information about the relevance of a dimension in which the node is involved. In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing a hierarchical classification-based Louvain method for interslice-multicolored networks. In particular, we define a new node centrality measure named Attractivity to describe the inter-slice correlation that incorporates within and across-dimension topological features in order to identify the relevant dimension. Then, after merging dimensions through a frequential aggregation, we group nodes by their relational and attribute similarity, where attributes correspond to their relevant dimensions. We conduct an extensive experimentation using seven real-world multicolored networks, which also includes comparison with state-of-the-art methods. Results show the significance of our proposed method in discovering relevant communities over multiple dimensions and highlight its ability in producing optimal covers with higher values of the multidimensional version of the modularity function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overlapping or multiple certificates occur because there are two certificates on the same land and are officially issued by the National Land Office. As a result this overlap raises a dispute between the parties, and then the certificate is no longer valid evidence. The formulation of the problem is the regulation of overlapping dispute resolution according to legislation in Indonesia and how the authority of the Land Office in resolving disputes overlapping land parcels. The research method used is empirical juridical using primary and secondary data. The results showed that there is no specific regulation regarding disputes over double or overlapping certificates, currently the regulations used by the District Land Office still refer to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning number 11 of 2016 concerning Settlement of Land Cases. To reinforce the authority of the Land Office in resolving cases of multiple certificates, a special regulation on the settlement of overlapping land cases is needed. The conclusion shows that the Land Office has carried out its role by its duties, principal, and functions, but because the regulations used are general, many obstacles are found in solving the problem of multiple certificates, therefore there is a need for legal reform and education from the government to the public about the importance of officially registering land.

Forests in Indonesia need to continue to be preserved from the activities of companies or companies that use forest areas illegally, and the activities of organized individuals who carry out illegal enforcement activities (illegal logging) that continue to occur every year. Efforts to preserve forests have been realized in Law No. 18 of 2013 on the Prevention and eradication of forest destruction, which has authorized the Institute for the Prevention and Eradication of forest destruction to conduct investigation activities up to the investigation of criminal acts of forest destruction as ketntuan Article 56 paragraph 1, and in the eradication of destruction htuan institute can form a task force as an implementing element. The task force implements the eradication of strategic forest destruction from investigation to prosecution throughout the territory of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, including the customs territory at the command of the head of the institution and or deputy in accordance with Article 55 paragraph 5. Prosecution Authority the task force contains legal implications with other laws and other institutions that have Prosecution Authority.

The globally central clustering algorithms, such as k-means and spectral clustering, often suffer from the problem of local optima and difficulty in parameter setting with overlapping and adhesive clusters in the data distribution, which might greatly limits the effectiveness of globally central clustering algorithms in practical applications. To address this issue, a border-peeling inspired globally central clustering algorithm was proposed. Firstly, a one-step border peeling method was designed, which defines a locally distance-weighted density according to the reverse k-nearest neighbor relationships between sample points. The density value at the maximal point of the first-order difference of the density empirical distribution function was utilized as the threshold to divide the dataset into boundary and core sets. Then, the traditional globally central clustering algorithms were embedded to cluster the core set. Benefiting from the significant improvement in the overlapping of the core set, the embedding algorithms could converge to the true cluster centers easily. Finally, a boundary attraction algorithm was proposed, which could progressively amalgamate sample points from the boundary set, utilizing existing reverse k-nearest neighbor relationships, and commencing from the already categorized core set sample points. Compared with the currently iterative border peeling algorithms, the proposed algorithm had significant advantages in computational efficiency. There was no additional complex termination conditions but only direct performs boundary partitioning using a threshold. Furthermore, the global approach also exhibited stronger robustness local data densities were different. In the experimental phase, three synthetic datasets and six real-world datasets were used to evaluate the algorithm's performance, parameter sensitivity, and time consumption, further validating the efficacy and practicality of this algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of a logical formal representation of the overlapping signs of child abuse (CA) is a knowledge gap that affects identification, evaluation, and intervention processes in different fields of knowledge, especially forensic and clinical. This study aimed to analyze through a literature review to what extent the signs and symptoms of the different types of CA present co-occurrence and overlap (intersection) between them; what is exposed as an input to propose a logical formal representation. To do this, a quick literature review of the scientific production published on the co-occurrence of signs in the different modalities of child abuse is carried out. Twenty-six articles published from 2017 to October 2022 were systematized. The results show the challenges that professionals have in the evaluation processes and the establishment of the causal link, given that sharing the signs between different types of CA could generate false positives and false negatives; therefore, caution must be exercised when establishing relationships between psychological and behavioral manifestations and MI hypotheses. Finally, a logical formal representation of the superposition of signs is proposed and with it, empirical evidence to the frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the creation of literary and artistic works, the texts, while having obvious and hidden relationships, have a process of overlapping and modeling each other, so that from within this connection and modeling, new texts and works are created or expanded and developed. The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze a pictorial rug with the theme of Leyli and Majnoun based on the type of genetic polytextuality with interdisciplinary texts (pre-textual and multitextual rugs, three miniatures) in order to discover and explain the intertextual relationships. Hypertextuality is one of the pre-textual signs in the selected texts. Based on Genette's point of view, hyper-textuality is the re-reading of pre-textuality; that is, writing new content and reading pre-text creates a new text. Revelation in the relationship between texts, influence and hyper-textuality of each other, has always been one of the topics of interest of researchers in the field of human sciences and literary studies. In the 20th century, this issue was raised by Kristeva and Barthes and systematically developed by Genet in the form of transtextuality theory. Hypertextuality is a type of transtextuality that deals with the systematic relationship of a text with previous texts as sources of inspiration, based on change and imitation. For this reason, pictorial rugs with the theme of the story of Leyli and Majnoun are an expression of texts mixed with verbal and visual systems that were produced by using the artist's creativity and imitating literary and artistic pre-texts during Qajar period. In this research, a sample of the mentioned rugs will be studied and analyzed based on the multi-textual approach and focusing on the type overlap, with the aim of reading and discovering the degree of intertextual communication and imitation of internal and external pre-texts. Therefore, the main question of the research is: to what extent and how can the imitation of interdisciplinary texts be explained, and what do the verbal and visual signs in it indicate? The most important findings of this research are the followings: the designers of Leyli and Majnoun rugs enjoy from previous sources such as literary and visual texts to design these works; works which are based on imitation and change. More importantly they create motifs and peripheral and marginal narrative scenes based on individual innovation. In the interdisciplinary pre-texts (paintings) the painter, while being faithful to the previous literary sources, tries to create an exemplary and ideal space from the story of Leyli and Majnoun. This research is of a qualitative and developmental type and its research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is desk-based. In the process of doing the work, while passing on the theoretical and fundamental studies of hypertextuality and the overlapping approaches, the research explores visual and verbal systems, literary and artistic pre-texts and finally analyses hypertexts. Relevant intra-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary themes will be conducted to the topic of Leyli and Majnoun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overlapping borrowing – i.e., the practice of taking new loans before old loans have been fully repaid – has become an important phenomenon in the microcredit sector in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. This paper examines the rationale for overlapping and investigates its short‐term and long‐term consequences by using a panel data set that is representative of Bangladesh as a whole. The study finds that it is useful to distinguish between two broad groups of overlapping borrowers who differ in terms of both the rationale of overlapping and its consequences. The first group – consisting of more than half of all overlapping borrowers – uses it as a promotional strategy, to improve their economic conditions without incurring a sharp discrete jump in debt burden. The other group uses it as a coping strategy, to deal with contingencies that compel them to take loans of a non‐productive nature, again by avoiding a sharp discrete jump in the debt burden. Econometric analysis, allowing for the possibility of endogeneity bias, shows that the first group is able to achieve stronger financial viability in the long run in comparison with non‐overlapping microcredit borrowers. The second group, in contrast, does not enjoy any significant improvement in their living conditions, but they are able to stave off any decline that otherwise might have befallen them in the face of shocks. Thus, both groups succeed in their respective goals, which are promotion for the first group and protection for the second. Microcredit has always had this duality of promotion and protection; overlapping borrowing serves to strengthen these functions of microcredit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe system thermal-hydraulic (STH) code SAM has been coupled to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Simcenter STARCCM+ utilizing a hybrid domain overlapping coupling method in space and an explicit coupling in time. The coupling aims to extend the STH code’s applicability to scenarios where local momentum and energy transfers are important yet difficult for STH standalone models to capture, such as three-dimensional (3D) mixing and thermal stratification. The coupling method’s numerical stability was previously verified against multiple test cases including two closed-loop configurations, and it was validated against a double T-junction experiment with 3D scalar mixing.In the present work, the method is validated against the TALL-3D STH/CFD coupling benchmark facility. TALL-3D is a liquid-metal facility with a large, pool-type enclosure (test section) that exhibits 3D flow effects to be modeled by a CFD code. The rest of the system exhibits approximately one-dimensional behavior that is well predicted by a STH code. First, a STAR-CCM+ CFD model of the 3D test section is validated against experimental temperature data. Then a SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model is validated against six different TALL-3D steady states and includes SAM standalone results for comparison. Last, the coupled model is validated against two TALL-3D transients: one exhibiting flow reversal in the test section and one exhibiting nonlinear, limit cycle oscillations (LCOs).For the first transient, the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model properly predicts an increase in the test section’s inlet temperature during flow reversal, and this increase is not predicted by the SAM standalone model. The coupled model also better predicts initial flow recovery and subsequent oscillations as the system approaches a final natural circulation state. For the second transient, no true final steady state is observed due to LCOs. Neither the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model nor the SAM standalone model can perfectly capture the experiment’s changing oscillation frequency during the transient. Nevertheless, the coupled model does reproduce the general oscillatory feedback observed.This is a significant achievement because the present coupling only uses an explicit coupling in time, as opposed to a tighter, semi-implicit coupling. In comparison, STH/CFD coupling efforts previously performed by other authors required a semi-implicit coupling to obtain similar results to this work. The strengths of the novel coupling scheme validated in the present paper lie in the superior convergence characteristics and the much simpler, nonintrusive implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several linear two-dimensional consecutive k -type systems are studied, which include the linear connected-(k , r)-out-of- $(m,n)\colon\! F$ system and the linear l -connected-(k , r)-out-of- $(m,n)\colon\! F$ system without/with overlapping. Reliabilities of these systems are studied via the finite Markov chain imbedding approach (FMCIA) in a novel way. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results established here and also to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed method. Finally, some possible applications and generalizations of the developed results are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overlapping peaks of the target chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) solutes and other unknown CEST solutes affect the quantification results and accuracy of the chemical exchange parameters—the fractional concentration, fb, exchange rate, kb, and transverse relaxation rate, R2b—for the target solutes. However, to date, no method has been established for assessing the overlapping peaks. This study aimed to develop a method for quantifying the fb, kb, and R2b values of a specific CEST solute, as well as assessing the overlap between the CEST peaks of the specific solute(s) and other unknown solutes. A simplified R1ρ model was proposed, assuming linear approximation of the other solutes' contributions to R1ρ. A CEST data acquisition scheme was applied with various saturation offsets and saturation powers. In addition to fitting the fb, kb, and R2b values of the specific solute, the overlapping condition was evaluated based on the root mean square error (RMSE) between the trajectories of the acquired and synthesized data. Single‐solute and multi‐solute phantoms with various phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations and pH values were used to calculate the fb and kb of PCr and the corresponding RMSE. The feasibility of RMSE for evaluating the overlapping condition, and the accurate fitting of fb and kb in weak overlapping conditions, were verified. Furthermore, the method was employed to quantify the nuclear Overhauser effect signal in rat brains and the PCr signal in rat skeletal muscles, providing results that were consistent with those reported in previous studies. In summary, the proposed approach can be applied to evaluate the overlapping condition of CEST peaks and quantify the fb, kb, and R2b values of specific solutes, if the weak overlapping condition is satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic Architecture is characterized by its richness in many elements that were used in both architectural and decorative aspects such as the arches that were not innovations of Muslim architect, but were found in the buildings of the ancient civilizations and were inherited after that in Islamic architecture. The Muslim architect developed the arches in his buildings and presented them in new shapes. Among the various shapes of arches that appeared in Islamic architecture a formation that is composed of the overlapping of these arches with each other. What increased the importance of this formation is that the Muslim architect adapted it to have an architectural role beside their decorative aspects. The purpose of this paper is to study the usage of overlapping arches as a decorative and architectural element in Islamic architecture. The study looked into the origins of this element by investigating its earliest examples in ancient civilizations to determine how it emerged in Islamic architecture. Furthermore, the study traced back the initial attempts in Islamic architecture to use this element in both decorative and architectural roles, along with an assumption that its usage as architectural element is entrenched in Islamic architecture, as well as the arguments that support this assumption. Further to that, the research clarified the numerous shapes of overlapping arches used as decorative motifs in Islamic architecture and backed these shapes with examples to illustrate each of them. In addition, the paper also identified the cases where overlapping arches performed an architectural role in Islamic architecture. Finally, the paper clarified how the use of overlapping arches both as a decorative and architectural element moved to European architecture as an influence of Islamic architecture.

Pap smear testing is crucial for early diagnosis of cervical cancer, but cell overlapping poses a significant challenge to diagnostic accuracy, as improper processing of overlapping cells can lead to misclassification. While significant research efforts have been devoted to segmenting overlapping cells, there is an absence of thorough reviews covering existing studies. This survey represents the first comprehensive exploration of technologies aiming to segment overlapping cells in cervical cytology images. Initially, we collected over 100 relevant papers from various open-source databases using diverse keywords. Subsequently, we conducted a thorough analysis covering various aspects, including datasets, evaluation methods, and data augmentation techniques. We then categorized the applications into conventional machine learning and deep learning approaches, further subdividing both methods into three groups. We summarized articles that utilized conventional machine learning methods and compared the outcomes with those employing deep learning methods. Finally, we provide insights into current challenges and prospects in this critical domain.

The conventional clustering methods assume a binary classification and establish a complete inclusive or exclusive type relation of an object with a cluster. In contrast, a three-way paradigm handles situations where an object may or may not belong to a cluster, i.e., uncertain. The objects belonging to the uncertainty region may lead to inclusion or exclusion after further processing and information. One of the use cases of the three-way paradigm is the overlapping region between different clusters. Effective computation of overlapping objects is crucial to the application’s overall success. In this paper, we employ a three-way clustering approach inspired by image blurring and sharpening operations that consider the objects in the inside or outside regions of a cluster to be non-overlapping. The objects belonging to the partial region of more than one cluster are considered overlapping. The experiment conducted on Birds, Scenes, and 20 newsgroups datasets indicates that the proposed approach improves the F1 measure and hamming loss up to 18.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the system’s robustness for overlapping regions is observed using typical clustering measures. The experimental results suggested that the proposed approach may improve the computation of overlapping regions effectively.

Red blood cell (RBC) counts and identification must be done accurately to diagnose various illnesses. Although there are drawbacks to automated image analysis methods compared to hand counting, they include differences in picture characteristics and overlapped cells. This study aimed to create a robust model that can classify overlapping RBCs by employing a region-based convolution neural network (RCNN) with several data divisions and a sharpening picture segmentation technique. Three sharpening approaches, wand, clahe, and Otsu threshold, were incorporated into the assemble boosting model utilizing 100 RBC image datasets from imagebank.hematology.org. The integrated strategy sought to improve image segmentation quality before employing R-CNN for classification. The model's effectiveness was evaluated at many data split percentages, ranging from 80/20 to 60/40. Across many data splits, the model's average accuracy standard was 0.82 ± 0.09. It performed best when the data split was 75/25. Statistical analysis confirmed Significant performance differences between these groups, and overlapping RBC categorization caused more significant difficulties than single RBCs. The model's robustness was demonstrated by its performance, which was resistant to variations in data splits. RBCs were successfully categorized using the combined sharpening and R-CNN technique, especially single cells. Overlapping RBC categorization is still tricky, highlighting the need for more study in this field. Future advancements in biological image analysis have a promising precedent thanks to the model's stability across different data splits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional text clustering based on distance struggles to distinguish between overlapping representations in medical data. By incorporating contrastive learning, the feature space can be optimized and applies mixup implicitly during the data augmentation phase to reduce computational burden. Medical case text is prevalent in everyday life, and clustering is a fundamental method of identifying major categories of conditions within vast amounts of unlabeled text. Learning meaningful clustering scores in data relating to rare diseases is difficult due to their unique sparsity. To address this issue, we propose a contrastive clustering method based on mixup, which involves selecting a small batch of data to simulate the experimental environment of rare diseases. The contrastive learning module optimizes the feature space based on the fact that positive pairs share negative samples, and clustering is employed to group data with comparable semantic features. The module mitigates the issue of overlap in data, whilst mixup generates cost-effective virtual features, resulting in superior experiment scores even when using small batch data and reducing resource usage and time overhead. Our suggested technique has acquired cutting-edge outcomes and embodies a favorable strategy for unmonitored text clustering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a past few years, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process faced many issues such as cavity creation, unstable thermal capillary convection, and thermodynamic instability during the printing of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. Hence, the important LPBF process variables such as exposure duration (ED) of 300, 400, and 500 µs; laser power (LP) of 370, 420, and 470 W; and overlapping percentage (OP) of 20, 40, and 60% needs to be examined based on the interactions of various combinations of parameters to fabricate a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy parts with reduced porosity, maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and minimum nano-indentation depth (NID). Moreover, analytical studies were also performed based on the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) approach. The proposed analytical approach shows better concurrence with the experimental observations. The optimal and initial variables obtained from the analytical and experimental approach were compared. The Cu-Cr-Zr alloy printed with optimal parameter settings possesses maximum UTS of 367 MPa and minimum NID of 321.51 nm. These enhanced results were mainly due to the occurrence of reduced porosity of 0.27%. Moreover, FESEM based fracture mechanism were investigated to study the propagation of cracks based on the defects formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a web application that seeks to facilitate the selection of research articles that are relevant or not to a topic. The process starts when a researcher writes a search string, which is sent to the Scopus API. With the results obtained, a grouping process is carried out to generate a visualization by groups or topics instead of the traditional ordered lists of results, making it easier for users to discard groups of articles irrelevant to their query. The proposal uses five clustering algorithms, among which Spectral and K-means exhibited the best performance in classical information retrieval metrics on four state of the art datasets. The application was assessed in two rounds by researchers of Universidad del Cauca, who, in the final round, considered that 71.4% of the clusters had a good title, 92.9% of the clusters had a good document order, and 65.8% of the articles were well clustered. The implementation of overlapping in grouping stands out since it allows articles to belong to several topics. Finally, the results are promising, and the application constitutes a valuable contribution for researchers in developing their projects. However, the results are not generalizable, and the need to create better labeling algorithms to generate more descriptive titles is evident, along with the use of tools to assist the user in query construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Savonius-like hydrokinetic turbine (SAHT) in low-speed flow streams of perennial rivers is not much explored. In this paper, a triple-bladed double-stage SAHT is designed, and its performance is investigated for low flow speeds within 0.45-0.65 m/s under the effect of blade overlapping (within 10-20% in each stage), turbine diameter (within 208-234 mm), and without and with space between the stages (5.0 mm) at different operating speed ratios. Different combinations of design and operating input parameters are studied to obtain a reliable assessment of SAHT performance. After analyzing the results, the best conditions of input parameters and output performance parameters are reported in their nondimensional forms for future use of the obtained results. The torque produced by the turbine increased with the applied brake load, leading to its maximum value at the highest brake load 0.83 times the maximum load. The highest coefficient of performance is obtained as 0.086 at a space 0.25 times the maximum space (i.e. 20 mm), overlapping 15%, brake load 0.83 times the maximum load, tip speed ratio 0.276. And for this, the corresponding power 0.85 times the maximum power (i.e. 0.201 W) at free-stream flow speed of 0.85 times the maximum flow speed (i.e. 0.65 m/s) is obtained. The present turbine with space and overlapping exhibits better performance than some available SAHT designs of single/double stage, two-blade/multi-blade with/without overlap configurations. The novelty of the work is that an improved SAHT has been developed for low-flow speed perennial river applications in the band of low tip speed ratios by combining design conditions like double-stage, space between stages, and overlapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the technology era, the process of teaching a computer to interpret musical notation is termed optical music recognition (OMR). It aims to convert musical note sheets presented in an image into a computer-readable format. Recently, the sequence-to-sequence model along with the attention mechanism (which is used in text and handwritten recognition) has been used in music notes recognition. However, due to the gradual disappearance of excessively long sequences of musical sheets, the mentioned OMR models which consist of long short-term memory are facing difficulties in learning the relationships among the musical notations. Consequently, a new framework has been proposed, leveraging the image segmentation technique to break up the procedure into several steps. In addition, an overlap problem in OMR has been addressed in this study. Overlapping can result in misinterpretation of music notations, producing inaccurate findings. Thus, a novel algorithm is being suggested to detect and segment the notations that are extremely close to each other. Our experiments are based on the usage of the Convolutional Neural Network block as a feature extractor from the image of the musical sheet and the sequence-to-sequence model to retrieve the corresponding semantic representation. The proposed approach has been evaluated on The Printed Images of Music Staves dataset. The achieved results confirm that our suggested framework successfully solves the problem of long sequence music sheets, obtaining SER 0% for the non-overlap symbols in the best scenario. Furthermore, our approach has shown promising results in addressing the overlapping problem: 23.12 % SER for overlapping symbols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine perspectives of surgeons regarding simultaneous surgery in patients undergoing posterior spine instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).MethodsA survey was administered to orthopaedic trainees and faculty regarding simultaneous surgery for primary PSIF for AIS. A five-point Likert scale (1: 'Strongly Disagree' to 5: 'Strongly Agree') was used to assess agreement with statements about simultaneous surgery. We divided simultaneous surgery into concurrent, when critical portions of operations occur at the same time, and overlapping, when noncritical portions occur at the same time.ResultsThe 72 respondents (78.3% of 92 surveyed) disagreed with concurrent surgery for 'one of my patients' (response mean 1.76 (sd 1.03)) but were more accepting of overlapping surgery (mean 3.94 (sd 0.99); p < 0.0001). The rating difference between concurrent and overlapping surgery was smaller for paediatric and spine surgeons (-1.25) than for residents or those who did not identify a subspecialty (-2.17; p = 0.0246) or other subspecialty surgeons (-2.57; p = 0.0026). Respondents were more likely to agree with explicit informed consent for concurrent surgery compared with overlapping (mean 4.32 (sd 0.91) versus 3.44 (sd 1.14); p < 0.001).ConclusionOrthopaedic surgeons disagreed with concurrent but were more accepting of overlapping surgery and anaesthesia for PSIF for AIS. Respondents were in greater agreement that patients should be explicitly informed of concurrence than of overlap. The surgical community's evidence and position regarding simultaneous surgery, in particular overlapping, must be more effectively presented to the public in order to bridge the gap in perspectives.Level of evidenceIV.

In recent years, regulation scholars and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to the role of inter-governmental organizational design in effective governance. The existing literature on regulatory design has provided important insights into the advantages and disadvantages of alternative structural options. This article synthesizes and builds on that literature by describing a novel framework for characterizing, analyzing, and structuring authority across public institutions. Drawing on examples from a range of jurisdictions, it highlights the value of this framework in identifying the values tradeoffs that should drive policymakers' decisions to choose among competing structural alternatives. The framework is founded on two important points. First, inter-governmental allocations of authority can be structured along three different dimensions. Failing to appreciate the existence of, and differences among, these dimensions can prompt misassessments of the reasons for existing regulatory failures and selection of structural allocations that do not suit the problems intended to be addressed. Second, allocations of authority can, and in many cases should, vary for disparate governmental functions. Differential functional allocations of authority can minimize obstacles to needed structural reforms and tailor inter-governmental relations in ways that best promote chosen regulatory values, such as efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, as well as how allocational choices may and perhaps should vary depending on the governmental function being performed. Finally, the article suggests how future regulation and governance scholarship can harness this emerging framework to help build a body of empirical evidence upon which policymakers can draw in future regulatory design endeavors.

The dispute over authority between state institutions whose authorities are based on regulations under the 1945 Constitution cannot be resolved through a decision (beschikking), considering that matters involving overlapping authority that has been included in the regulations (regelling) and will remain in effect unless one of the matters has been annulled. This research aims to elaborate the pattern of power restriction on state institutions and find out the resolution of authority disputes between state institutions whose authority is based on regulations under the 1945 Constitution. This research is a legal argumentation using a normative research approach. The results of the research show that each state institution obtains authority by attribution, which originates from the 1945 Constitution or from regulations under the 1945 Constitution. The annulment of material containing authority that is sourced from the regulations under the 1945 Constitution can only be carried out through a material test (judicial review) by the judiciary, namely the Supreme Court.

In the technology era, the process of teaching a computer to interpret musical notation is termed optical music recognition (OMR). It aims to convert musical note sheets presented in an image into a computer-readable format. Recently, the sequence-to-sequence model along with the attention mechanism (which is used in text and handwritten recognition) has been used in music notes recognition. However, due to the gradual disappearance of excessively long sequences of musical sheets, the mentioned OMR models which consist of long short-term memory are facing difficulties in learning the relationships among the musical notations. Consequently, a new framework has been proposed, leveraging the image segmentation technique to break up the procedure into several steps. In addition, an overlap problem in OMR has been addressed in this study. Overlapping can result in misinterpretation of music notations, producing inaccurate findings. Thus, a novel algorithm is being suggested to detect and segment the notations that are extremely close to each other. Our experiments are based on the usage of the Convolutional Neural Network block as a feature extractor from the image of the musical sheet and the sequence-to-sequence model to retrieve the corresponding semantic representation. The proposed approach is evaluated on The Printed Images of Music Staves dataset. The achieved results confirm that our suggested framework successfully solves the problem of long sequence music sheets, obtaining SER 0% for the non-overlap symbols in the best scenario. Furthermore, our approach has shown promising results in addressing the overlapping problem: 23.12 % SER for overlapping symbols.

Recommender system (RS) aims to predict user preferences based on automatic data acquisition, and those collected data assist in achieving the final decision. However, RS suffers from data sparsity issues over the newly launched system, and the lack of time to deal with the massive data is also a challenging factor. To acquire proper outcomes, cross-domain RS intends to transfer knowledge from the specific domain with quality enriched data to help recommendations to the target domains. The entities may or may not be overlapped, and it is common for the entities of two domains to be overlapped. These overlapping entities may show variations in their target domain, and avoiding these issues leads to distorted prediction outcomes over the cross-domain RS. To address these issues, this research concentrates on modeling and efficient cross-domain RS using the generative and discriminative adversarial network (CRS-GDAN) model for kernel-based transfer modeling. Domain specific is considered to handle the feature space of overlapped entities, and transfer computation is adopted to handle the overlapping and non-overlapping entity correlation among the domains. Based on the anticipated concept, knowledge transfer is achieved rigorously even in the case of overlapping entities, thus diminishing the data sparsity issues. The experimentation is performed using an available online dataset, and the model attains a 20% better outcome than other approaches. The outcomes specify that the knowledge transfer from source to destination target is advantageous even in overlapping issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of overlapping meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which reported PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Meta-analyses were identified from English and Chinese databases until January 1, 2022. Differences in characteristics of overlapping meta-analyses that conducted in China and other countries were compared to assess their publication propensity. The corrected covered area (CCA) and coverage of relevant RCTs were analyzed for subtopics according to detailed intervention types. The waste and redundancy of evidence were assessed in the case of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy for second-line treatment for NSCLC. Results: Fifty-nine meta-analyses published in English and 17 meta-analyses published in Chinese reporting 26 RCTs were identified. Fifty-three (69.74%) meta-analyses were conducted in China. The overlapping meta-analyses in China were more likely to be from hospitals, supported by government funding, integrate first and second-line therapies. Five of the six subtopics had overlapping meta-analyses according to specific types of interventions. The CCA of overlapping meta-analyses ranged from 33.33 to 63.19%, and the coverage of relevant RCTs ranged from 63.64 to 100%. All the conclusions of overlapping meta-analyses have been consistent in the subtopic of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy for second-line treatment since 2017. Conclusion: Overlapping meta-analyses of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC hints that meta-analyses under this topic probably exist serious redundancy. Future research should focus on prospective registration of protocols for systematic reviews/meta-analyses, scientific designed PICO, and cumulative meta-analysis to reduce redundant and wasted studies. Journals should strengthen the requirement for reviewing previously published evidence in manuscript review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concurrent engineering through overlapping of activities (i.e., fast-tracking) has been used as a schedule acceleration technique. Fast-track construction projects are generally recognized as riskier and subject to risks arising due to the concurrency of work. This work reports the risk perception of construction professionals to three different degrees of overlapping. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, and the analysis applied data transformation and descriptive statistics. The risks were mainly perceived in the middle degree of overlapping and in activities occurring earlier in the schedule. The low and high degrees of overlapping were mainly perceived as having no risk or not being feasible, respectively. The four risk types accounted for most of the perceived threats: construction error, design change, crew interference, and poor construction productivity. The findings of this study suggest that construction professionals perceive risks differently based on the amount of activity overlapping. It is consistent with previous studies that found that risks decrease as the project advances and that fast-track projects face additional risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community detection finds homogeneous groups of nodes in a graph. Existing approaches either partition the graph into disjoint, non-overlapping, communities, or determine only overlapping communities. To date, no method supports both detections of overlapping and non-overlapping communities. We propose UCoDe, a unified method for community detection in attributed graphs that detects both overlapping and non-overlapping communities by means of a novel contrastive loss that captures node similarity on a macro-scale. Our thorough experimental assessment on real data shows that, regardless of the data distribution, our method is either the top performer or among the top performers in both overlapping and non-overlapping detection without burdensome hyper-parameter tuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze fraud in depth based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements that may result in breach of contract, as well as to examine the legal implications of commercial contracts containing elements of fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code, where fraud can be annulled or declared void ab initio. The method used in this research is normative research on legal principles contained in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. The data used in this research are secondary data. The secondary data used in this research consist of primary legal materials that are authoritative, meaning they have authority, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements does not result in breach of contract. This is because breach of contract and fraud in civil law have different elements. Breach of contract is regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code, while fraud in civil law is regulated in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. Breach of contract (negligence or inadvertence) by a party can take four forms: First, not doing what was promised to be done; Second, performing what was promised but not as promised; Third, performing what was promised but late; Fourth, doing something that, according to the agreement, should not be done. Meanwhile, fraud, as referred to in this research, consists of the concept of fraud found in Article 1328 of the Civil Code, namely, the presence of defects in will. Defects in will are caused by: mistake or negligence, coercion, and fraud. Therefore, to determine when breach of contract occurs and when fraud occurs depends on a person's intention. If there was already a malicious intent before the contract was closed/signed, then this constitutes an act of fraud. If a person's malicious intent arises after the contract is closed/signed, then this is an act of breach of contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community detection has been (and remains) a very important topic in several fields. From marketing and social networking to biological studies, community detection plays a key role in advancing research in many different fields. Research on this topic originally looked at classifying nodes into discrete communities (non-overlapping communities) but eventually moved forward to placing nodes in multiple communities (overlapping communities). Unfortunately, community detection has always been a time-inefficient process, and datasets are too large to realistically process them using traditional methods. Because of this, recent methods have turned to parallelism and graph stream models, where the edge list is accessed one edge at a time. However, all these methods, while offering a significant decrease in processing time, still have several shortcomings. We propose a new parallel algorithm called community detection with seed sets (CoDiS), which solves the overlapping community detection problem in graph streams. Initially, some nodes (seed sets) have known community structures, and the aim is to expand these communities by processing one edge at a time. The innovation of our approach is that it splits communities among the parallel computation workers so that each worker is only updating a subset of all the communities. By doing so, we decrease the edge processing throughput and decrease the amount of time each worker spends on each edge. Crucially, we remove the need for every worker to have access to every community. Experimental results show that we are able to gain a significant improvement in running time with no loss of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, regulation scholars and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to the role of inter-governmental organizational design in effective governance. The existing literature on regulatory design has provided important insights into the advantages and disadvantages of alternative structural options. This article synthesizes and builds on that literature by describing a novel framework for characterizing, analyzing, and structuring authority across public institutions. Drawing on examples from a range of jurisdictions, it highlights the value of this framework in identifying the values tradeoffs that should drive policymakers' decisions to choose among competing structural alternatives. The framework is founded on two important points. First, inter-governmental allocations of authority can be structured along three different dimensions. Failing to appreciate the existence of, and differences among, these dimensions can prompt misassessments of the reasons for existing regulatory failures and selection of structural allocations that do not suit the problems intended to be addressed. Second, allocations of authority can, and in many cases should, vary for disparate governmental functions. Differential functional allocations of authority can minimize obstacles to needed structural reforms and tailor inter-governmental relations in ways that best promote chosen regulatory values, such as efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, as well as how allocational choices may and perhaps should vary depending on the governmental function being performed. Finally, the article suggests how future regulation and governance scholarship can harness this emerging framework to help build a body of empirical evidence upon which policymakers can draw in future regulatory design endeavors.

This paper focuses on the Linguistic Landscape (LL) in three geographical representative areas (Achrafieh, Bourj Hammoud, and Zahle) of Lebanon. The study investigates the state of multilingualism across the public and private signs in the selected geographical areas. The investigation is approached through a mixed design to unfold the bottom- up and top- down organization (Ben-Rafael et al., 2008) of the collected signs' images. The picturized items are arranged in accordance with Reh's (2004) framework into duplicating, overlapping, fragmentary, and complementary multilingual writings. The systematized pictures are accompanied with interviews, field notes, and participant observations to align with the Scollon and Scollon's (2003) qualitative study of discourses in place. A data quantification is followed to clarify the results at a computed state. The research concludes with disclosing the language choice in the selected areas, the ideology in each chosen area, and the reasons behind choosing the present versatile texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study has objectives to analyze the obstacles during the complete systematic land registration program (PTSL) program, means the overlapping ownership of land rights, Prior Work the PTSL program are provides legal certainty of land ownership for Indonesian society. As written in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 33, Paragraph (3) mandates land use for people's prosperity, Approach The methodology that used is a descriptive analysis by explaining the data in the field, Results The results show that a double certificate (overlapping ownership) was found after the PTSL program. Therefore, it is recommended that the Land Office should be more thorough and accurate for land measurement and mapping, Implications Land history is essential to ensure legal certainty regarding land ownership. This cannot be ignored because many land disputes have occurred because of overlapping cases, Value The PTSL program can be used to determine land certification impediments due to overlapping ownership. Thus, people will know the latest status of their land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Compensation is one important factor that can motivate employees to improve performance. The compensation given by the company must be commensurate with the company's workload, job risks, and the competencies that accompany the position. The company is obliged to provide both financial and non-financial compensation so that the employees' standard of living needs (KHL) can be met. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate compensation system based on job value. The object of this research is UKM Catering located in Bekasi City. UKM Catering is engaged in the culinary field, which focuses on the catering sector. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods based on trusted scientific journals and articles. This research focuses on the compensation system and standard of living needs of UKM Catering employees. The data processing and analysis method used to develop a job value-based compensation system and job grading in Catering UKM is using Compensable Factors analysis using Adhered Salary Mapping, Salary Mapping Overlapping. The results of this study indicate that an effective compensation system to be implemented by Catering UKM is by using the Overlapping method. This is because the overlapping method of salary distribution is more profitable because the salary increase is not as big as the adhered method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatically increasing nitrogen fertiliser prices and growing environmental awareness emphasise the need to optimise machine operability to avoid double overlapping of the target dose rate in different field units, including headlands and field bodies, to be more congruent with satellite-based nitrogen prescription maps. However, the map grids frequently do not correspond with farmers' management practices, specifically machine operability. To this end, this study develops an algorithm that subdivides any given field into operable units by considering pneumatic spreaders based on the actual tramline on the field and placing the operable units along with this. The newly developed algorithm allows ex-ante specification of the required fertiliser amount. It shows how well such techniques can implement an optimised application map supported by the statistical information for each field unit. Uniform fertilizer application can further be compared with variable rate application (VRA) as well as machinery with and without section control, allowing the identification of areas with the greatest deviation and the excess amount of nitrogen applied. A more precise nitrogen application on both homogeneous or heterogeneous field units saves nitrogen and decreases the negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]