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petalius, Ovini Simone, 2013 Ovini petalius Simone 2013a: 187���188 (figs A���J). Gastropoda, Tornidae Holotype: MZSP 107806. Locality: Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Guriri, 18��47' S, 32��39' W, 3 m depth. Preservation: Dry, with a metallic coating (SEM)., Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125, {"references":["Simone L. R. L. 2013 a. A new Brazilian tornid is possibly the flattest coiled snail. Journal of Molluscan Studies 79: 187 - 189. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyt 004"]}

Casein genes in ruminants are organized in a cluster including α S1 -casein ( CSN1S1 ), β-casein ( CSN2 ), α S2 -casein ( CSN1S2 ), and κ-casein ( CSN3 ). Considering the results obtained in cattle and goat species concerning the influence of genetic polymorphisms on milk composition, quality, and technological properties, research on the polymorphisms of ewe's milk has known a new impulse in the last decade. A total of 54 samples belonging to the Massese dairy breed, to the double pourpose (milk and meat) Garfagnina population and to the Pomarancina and Zerasca meat populations, reared in the Centre of Italy, were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). New PCR-SSCP patterns were found in both CSN2 and CSN1S2 genes. Sequencing of the samples carrying the new patterns revealed 2 new variants at CSN2 gene. Frequencies of the 2 variants in the samples analysed were 0.18 and 0.02. The less common variant is characterized by a silent mutation in the triplet coding for Gln 192 , whereas in the more frequent one a C to A transversion is responsible for the aminoacid exchange Leu 196 → Ile 196 . At the CSN1S2 gene only a new variant was found with a frequency of 0.02. The variant is characterized by two linked mutations: a C to G transversion, responsible for the aminoacid change Asn 200 → Lys 200 already described at the protein level, and a T to A transversion at the 14th nucleotide of the 16th intron. The ovine caseins deserve a bigger attention that has to be directed to a complete characterization of the described variants and to the understanding of their functional meaning.

Il saggio ricostruisce il rapporto tra agricoltura e allevamento che ha connotato le campagne del Mezzogiorno d’Italia nel corso del XX secolo, privilegiando il nesso tra bisogno e disponibilità di letame per la rigenerazione e conservazione della fertilità dei suoli agricoli. L’Italia meridionale è rimasta sostanzialmente estranea al processo di integrazione tra agricoltura e allevamento che, incarnato dalla diffusione delle colture foraggere e dall’intensificazione dell’allevamento bovino a carattere stallino, ha contrassegnato tra Settecento e Ottocento le campagne del Nord Europa e più tardi dell’Italia padana. Qui, nella sezione meridionale della Penisola italiana, agli inizi del Novecento le colture foraggere, a causa anche delle difficoltà ambientali, restavano confinate in ambiti assolutamente ristretti ed il patrimonio zootecnico del tutto incapace, per dimensioni, composizione per specie e sistemi di allevamento, a soddisfare i bisogni di concime organico dell’agricoltura, dominata dalla coltura cerealicola. La pastorizia ovina transumante costituiva la componente assolutamente prevalente e anche per il bestiame bovino all’esigua dotazione si univa, ad eccezione di qualche ristretta zona, il predominio quasi assoluto del sistema di allevamento brado. Questa condizione di assoluta insufficienza e di debole rapporto, quasi di separata convivenza, con la pratica agricola si è accentuata tra le due guerre, per effetto della politica agraria del fascismo. Nella seconda metà del Novecento, lo sviluppo dell’agricoltura industriale, con la crescente meccanizzazione dei processi produttivi e la forte dilatazione della concimazione chimica, e la parallela intensivazione e specializzazione produttiva dell’allevamento hanno sancito anche nel Mezzogiorno, in piena uniformità con quanto avveniva nell’Italia centro-settentrionale e in tutto l’Occidente europeo, la definitiva separazione tra le due forme di attività. This essay retraces the relation between agriculture and livestock farming having connoted the countryside of the South of Italy during the 20th century, privileging the connection between need and availability of manure for the regeneration and conservation of the agricultural soil fertility. Southern Italy has substantially remained alien to the process of integration between agriculture and livestock farming which, represented by the diffusion of the fodder cultivations and by the intensification of the stalled bovine breeding, marked between the centuries XVIII and XIX the countryside of Northern Europe and of Northern Italy later. Here, in the southern section of the Italian peninsula, at the beginning of the 20th century the fodder cultivations, also in consequence of the environmental adversities, were limited to some very restricted areas and the livestock was completely unable, owing to its dimensions, present animal species and breeding systems, to satisfy the organic fertilizer needs of the agriculture, dominated by the cereal farming. The transhumant sheep-breeding was the absolutely prevalent part and also for the bovines to the scarce quantity of animals was added, except some limited areas, the nearly absolute predominance of the wild breeding system. This condition of absolute shortage and of weak connection, almost of separate coexistence, with the agricultural work intensified between the two world wars, in consequence of the agrarian policy of Fascism. During the second half of the 20th century, the development of the industrial farming, with the mechanization of the productive processes and the growing use of the chemical fertilizers, and the simultaneous intensification and productive specialization of the livestock farming have determined also in Southern Italy, uniformly with what happened in the centre-northern Italy and in all Western Europe, the definitive separation between the two types of activity.

La nota riguarda una sentenza della Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea e il problema dell'identificazione di ovini e caprini. In tale contesto si riflette sulla soggettività animale e sul benessere animale.

Summary Italy counts several sheep breeds, arisen over centuries as a consequence of ancient and recent genetic and demographic events. To finely reconstruct genetic structure and relationships between Italian sheep, 496 subjects from 19 breeds were typed at 50K single nucleotide polymorphism loci. A subset of foreign breeds from the Sheep HapMap dataset was also included in the analyses. Genetic distances (as visualized either in a network or in a multidimensional scaling analysis of identical by state distances) closely reflected geographic proximity between breeds, with a clear north–south gradient, likely because of high levels of past gene flow and admixture all along the peninsula. Sardinian breeds diverged more from other breeds, a probable consequence of the combined effect of ancient sporadic introgression of feral mouflon and long-lasting genetic isolation from continental sheep populations. The study allowed the detection of previously undocumented episodes of recent introgression (Delle Langhe into the endangered Altamurana breed) as well as signatures of known, or claimed, historical introgression (Merino into Sopravissana and Gentile di Puglia; Bergamasca into Fabrianese, Appenninica and, to a lesser extent, Leccese). Arguments that would question, from a genomic point of view, the current breed classification of Bergamasca and Biellese into two separate breeds are presented. Finally, a role for traditional transhumance practices in shaping the genetic makeup of Alpine sheep breeds is proposed. The study represents the first exhaustive analysis of Italian sheep diversity in an European context, and it bridges the gap in the previous HapMap panel between Western Mediterranean and Swiss breeds.

Nell'arco degli anni le abitudini alimentari dei consumatori sono state plasmate da diversi fattori socio-culturali che hanno indotto il consumatore a ricercare prodotti alimentari sempre piu' genuini. E' notevole l'attenzione posta dal mondo della ricerca in riferimento alle strategie poste alla valorizzazione del concetto di tracciabilita' attraverso strumenti analitici che la certificano. A tal proposito, anche, la ricerca scientifica focalizza l'attenzione sul concetto di tracciabilita' identificandola tramite marker. In questo lavoro si valuta la possibilita' di tracciare il sistema di alimentazione, mediante l'uso dei SIR, simulando due diversi periodi di finissaggio in confronto ad animali che vengono alimentati o solo al pascolo o solo in stalla. Inoltre, si ha l'impiego esclusivo di piante C3 nell'alimentazione degli animali in antitesi al tipo di alimentazione comunemente riportato in letteratura in cui si confrontano piante C3 e piante C4. Over the years, eating habits have been shaped by different socio-cultural factors that have led consumers to seek more wholesome food. It is remarkable the focus from research in relation to the strategies put to the enhancement of the concept of traceability through analytical tools that certify. In this regard, also, scientific research focuses on the concept of traceability identified by markers. This paper assesses the ability to track the fuel system through the use of SIR, simulating two different finishing period compared to animals that are fed only on pasture or in stable or just. In addition, it has the exclusive use of C3 plants in animal feed in contrast to the kind of power commonly reported in the literature are compared C3 and C4 plants. Keywords: Traceability, Isotope, SIR, Meat, Sheep, Feed.

Nell'ultimo decennio, è stato dato un nuovo impulso alle ricerche sui polimorfismi genetici lattoproteici ovini; questo ha portato alla descrizione e caratterizzazione di ulteriore variazione genetica. Finora, è disponibile in letteratura la caratterizzazione molecolare di 3 varianti (A, B e C) di beta-lattoglobulina, 7 varianti (A, C', C", D, E, H, I) di alfas1-caseina (CSN1S1) e 2 varianti (A e B) di alfas2-caseina (CSN1S2). La presente rassegna focalizza l'attenzione sulle varianti genetiche e sulle mutazioni puntiformi più recentemente identificate e caratterizzate nella specie ovina, in particolare a livello di alfas1, alfas2 e betacaseina. Si può concludere che le lattoproteine ovine richiedono una maggiore attenzione da parte dei ricercatori, non solo per una miglior conoscenza della variabilità genetica che le caratterizza, ma anche per le possibili implicazioni e ricadute in campo operativo.

Effects of different periods of exposure to hot environments on rumen function, diet digestibility and digesta passage rate were studied in four adult notpregnant Sardinian ewes housed in a climatic chamber. The ewes were kept in individual metabolic cages. The trial lasted 83 days; 17 days were spent under thermal comfort conditions (TC) [temperature-humidity index (THI)=65.0±2.0], followed by 49 days under elevated THI (ETHI: THI=82.0±2.5) and 17 days under thermal comfort (TC; THI=65.0±1.0). Five digestibility and passage rate trials were carried out during the 83 days. Trials 1 and 5 were carried out under TC; trials 2, 3 and 4 were carried out under ETHI. Values of rectal temperatures (39.7±0.3°C) and respiratory rate (118.4±31.8 breaths/min) indicated that sheep under ETHI were heat-stressed. Heat stress caused an increase (P

Congenital hypotrichosis in mammalian species consists of partial or complete absence of a hair coat at birth. Affected individuals having a partial hair coat at birth may loose it subsequently.The aim of this paper was to physically map the ovine hr gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).A preliminary study on an internet data bank (http://www.informatics.jax.org) showed that the regions of the hr gene on murine chromosome 14 and human chromosome 8 present homology with ovine chromosome 2.

La cefalotoracopagia è una rara forma di mostruosità doppia, in cui i gemelli si presentano congiunti a livello di testa, collo e torace; colonna vertebrale, arti e pelvi sono invece separati e gli organi interni possono presentare gradi variabili di duplicazione. Il caso presentato riguarda un agnello maschio nato morto, che presentava una testa apparentemente normoconformata (una sola faccia) ma con cranioschisi e palatoschisi, un collo, due toraci fusi, due colonne vertebrali, due addomi, otto arti e due code (cefalotoracopago deradelfo). Gli organi interni erano rappresentati da un cuore, quattro polmoni, un condotto tracheo-esofageo abortivo, un fegato, due tubi gastrointestinali completi, due milze, quattro testicoli, quattro reni e due vesciche. Il caso viene confrontato con mostruosità simili archiviate nel nostro museo di Patologia e Teratologia Veterinaria dal 1800.

La conoscenza delle risorse ambientali di un territorio rappresenta un passo fondamentale per la stima del suo potenziale produttivo, fornendo preziose informazioni sia ai policy maker, impegnati nei orogetti di sviluppo e rilancio economico-ambientale, che al mondo scientifico. L'indagine conoscitiva è stata avviata su alcune popolazioni ovi-caprine allevate in Campania, allo scopo di definire gli standard morfologici e produttivi, requisiti indispensabili per l'attivazione del Registro anagrafico per le popolazioni ovine e caprine a limitata diffusione. La definizione dello standard di razza, attraverso la conoscenza dell'animale sotto l'aspetto somatico e produttivo, consente di approntare opportuni piani di miglioramento genetico, indirizzando la selezione verso quei soggetti che maggiormentye interessano l'allevatore per l'ottenimento di prodotti tipizzati.

Primo database interattivo che raccoglie la bibliografia italiana sulle parassitosi degli ovini e caprini

Congenital hypotrichosis in mammalian species consists of partial or complete absence of hair at birth. The hairless gene is often responsible for this disorder in men, mice and rats. Recent experimental data on Valle del Belice sheep reared in Sicily for milk production, support the genetic control of the ovine hypotrichosis as a Mendelian recessive trait. The ovine hairless gene was chosen as the candidate gene involved in this disorder. Blood samples were collected from Valle del Belice sheep with the normal and hypotrichotic phenotypes. Almost the entire hairless gene was successfully amplified using the long PCR technique. Unrelated sheep with differing phenotypes were randomly chosen for sequencing the amplified products. Different mutations related to the hypotrichotic phenotype were found in exon 3. In fact, sequencing revealed an A/T transversion at position 739, a G/A transition at position 823, and a C/T transition at position 1312. From these nucleotide exchanges, three substitutions of the processed mature protein were deduced at the amino acid positions 247 (Thr/Ser), 275 (Ala/Thr), and 438 (Gln/Stop). A PCR-SSCP based test was developed in order to detect the last mutation, which is responsible for the hypotrichotic phenotype.