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Insects play a fundamental ecological role in the decomposition of organic matter. It is the natural tendency of sarcosaprophagous flies to find and colonize on a food source such as a cadaver as a natural means of survival. Sarcosaprohagous fly larvae are frequently encountered by forensic entomologists during post mortem investigations. The most relevant colonizers are the oldest individuals derived from the first eggs deposited on the body. The age of the oldest maggots provides the precise estimate of the post mortem interval. With advancement in technology, various new methods have been developed by scientists that allow the data to be used with confidence while estimating the time since death. Forensic entomology is recognized in many countries as an important tool for legal investigations. Unfortunately, it has not received much attention in India as an important investigative tool. The maggots of the flies crawling on the dead bodies are widely considered to be just another disgusting element of decay and are not collected at the time of autopsy. They can aid in death investigations (time since death, manner of death, etc.). This paper reviews the various methods of post mortem interval estimation using Calliphoridae to make the investigators, law personnel and researchers aware of the importance of entomology in criminal investigations. The various problems confronted by forensic entomologists in estimating the time since death have also been discussed and there is a need for further research in the field as well as the laborator. Correct estimation of the post mortem interval is one of the most important aspects of legal medicine.

Para avaliar o comportamento de oviposição da mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B, em relação à posição da folha na planta, à área do limbo foliar, à idade da planta e à densidade de adultos na cultura do pimentão, foram realizados três testes, utilizando-se a cultivar de pimentão Magali-R. Os testes foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação e no Laboratório de Entomologia da DEFERS/UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira-SP. Nos testes com chance de escolha, plantas com 25, 30, 35, 40 e 45 dias de idade foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos da idade sobre a oviposição da mosca-branca, enquanto que em plantas com 35 dias estudou-se a distribuição de ovos da mosca-branca na planta e no limbo foliar. Em plantas de 35 dias de idade, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes densidades populacionais do inseto (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 adultos/ planta) sobre o número de ovos depositados. No teste sem chance de escolha, utilizaram-se plantas com 35 dias de idade para avaliar o efeito das densidades sobre a oviposição da mosca-branca. B. tabaci biótipo B preferiu ovipositar da terceira a sexta folha a partir do ápice da planta localizadas nos terços médio e superior de planta de pimentão e nas áreas do limbo foliar localizadas nos lóbulos direito e esquerdo, próximas à base da folha. Plantas com 40 e 45 dias, são preferidas para oviposição e, em densidades de 200 e 250 adultos por planta, as moscas-brancas depositam ovos em número suficiente para diferenciar genótipos de pimentão com diferentes graus resistência a esta praga. Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) biotype B is considered a pest of economical importance for several vegetables. The oviposition behaviour of the whilefly was evaluated in sweet pepper plants. The trials were carried out under greenhouse condition and in the Laboratory of Entomology of DEFERS/UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira-SP, with the sweet pepper Magali-R genotype. The effect of plant age on the whitefly oviposition was evaluated in free-choice tests, in plants, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45-day-old, as egg distribution in the plant and on the leaf blade was evaluated in 35-days-old plants. In a no-choice tests, 35-day-old plants were used to evaluate the effect of the densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 adults per plant on the number of eggs laid by insects. The silverleaf whitefly preferred to oviposit on the third to sixth leaflets, of the medium and superior part of plants of sweet pepper; the leaf blade areas, located in the lobes right and left close the base of the leaf were the preferential site for whitefly oviposition. Older plants, 40- and 45-day-old, were preferentially used for oviposition, and 200 and 250 adults per plant were both enough to lay a number of eggs that allowed to differentiate among sweet pepper genotypes with different whitefly resistance levels.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf: 160149 bytes, checksum: 64c6c16fe2c791250de43b5aac4c24b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf: 160149 bytes, checksum: 64c6c16fe2c791250de43b5aac4c24b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf: 160149 bytes, checksum: 64c6c16fe2c791250de43b5aac4c24b5 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf.txt: 21542 bytes, checksum: fdf0db53f93406566a9574701b02b0db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf: 160149 bytes, checksum: 64c6c16fe2c791250de43b5aac4c24b5 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf.txt: 21542 bytes, checksum: fdf0db53f93406566a9574701b02b0db (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf: 160149 bytes, checksum: 64c6c16fe2c791250de43b5aac4c24b5 (MD5) S1519-566X2008000200012.pdf.txt: 21542 bytes, checksum: fdf0db53f93406566a9574701b02b0db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Para avaliar o comportamento de oviposição da mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B, em relação à posição da folha na planta, à área do limbo foliar, à idade da planta e à densidade de adultos na cultura do pimentão, foram realizados três testes, utilizando-se a cultivar de pimentão Magali-R. Os testes foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação e no Laboratório de Entomologia da DEFERS/UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira-SP. Nos testes com chance de escolha, plantas com 25, 30, 35, 40 e 45 dias de idade foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos da idade sobre a oviposição da mosca-branca, enquanto que em plantas com 35 dias estudou-se a distribuição de ovos da mosca-branca na planta e no limbo foliar. em plantas de 35 dias de idade, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes densidades populacionais do inseto (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 adultos/ planta) sobre o número de ovos depositados. No teste sem chance de escolha, utilizaram-se plantas com 35 dias de idade para avaliar o efeito das densidades sobre a oviposição da mosca-branca. B. tabaci biótipo B preferiu ovipositar da terceira a sexta folha a partir do ápice da planta localizadas nos terços médio e superior de planta de pimentão e nas áreas do limbo foliar localizadas nos lóbulos direito e esquerdo, próximas à base da folha. Plantas com 40 e 45 dias, são preferidas para oviposição e, em densidades de 200 e 250 adultos por planta, as moscas-brancas depositam ovos em número suficiente para diferenciar genótipos de pimentão com diferentes graus resistência a esta praga. Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) biotype B is considered a pest of economical importance for several vegetables. The oviposition behaviour of the whilefly was evaluated in sweet pepper plants. The trials were carried out under greenhouse condition and in the Laboratory of Entomology of DEFERS/UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira-SP, with the sweet pepper Magali-R genotype. The effect of plant age on the whitefly oviposition was evaluated in free-choice tests, in plants, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45-day-old, as egg distribution in the plant and on the leaf blade was evaluated in 35-days-old plants. In a no-choice tests, 35-day-old plants were used to evaluate the effect of the densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 adults per plant on the number of eggs laid by insects. The silverleaf whitefly preferred to oviposit on the third to sixth leaflets, of the medium and superior part of plants of sweet pepper; the leaf blade areas, located in the lobes right and left close the base of the leaf were the preferential site for whitefly oviposition. Older plants, 40- and 45-day-old, were preferentially used for oviposition, and 200 and 250 adults per plant were both enough to lay a number of eggs that allowed to differentiate among sweet pepper genotypes with different whitefly resistance levels. UNESP Depto. Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos UNESP Depto. Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos