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Tchad, pays gangréné par des vices socio-politico-militaires jouit d’un contexte de marasme socioéconomique teinté de pauvreté. L’économie est primaire et basée sur l’agriculture et l’élevage. L’exploitation pétrolière en 2003 fut pour lui une opportunité de développement rural. Cependant, cedit secteur a été relégué en arrière-plan. L’étude vise à exposer la dynamique agricole dans les champs pétroliers de la Nya. La collecte des données primaires et secondaires est l’approche méthodologique utilisée. La technique de choix raisonné en fonction des degrés d’impacts a permis d’enquêter 82,2% d’agriculteurs. Il résulte que l’exploitation pétrolière est déstabilisatrice de dynamique agricole dans la Nya.

The article discusses the impact of the distribution of oil royalties in Brazil, focusing on the producing municipalities of Rio de Janeiro. Recently, there has been severe criticism in the media and in the National Congress about the use of these resources, arguing that many municipal managers have not managed these funds properly, which goes against the original principles of the royalties legislation. Primarily using data from the Rio de Janeiro State Court of Auditors, we discuss the impact of the influx of large sums of money on the nine municipalities that made up the oil-producing region in the state of Rio de Janeiro at the time and the ways in which these funds were used in the period 1997/2009. Finally, in order to give the reader an idea of the impact of these resources on the local reality in the period in question, we chose the educational performance of the respective education networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1970s energy crises was a decisive point in US culture and in the development of neo-liberal geographies. After the post-war period of rapid economic growth, Western economies sputtered and stalled. Cutting across political, economic, and cultural spheres, the discourse of energy crisis brought narrative coherence to what was, in fact, a heterogenous historical moment. In doing so, energy crisis discourse facilitated dramatic social and economic restructuring, as well as shifts in the distributions of lived spaces and times. More broadly, energy crisis discourse played a significant role in configuring the emerging processes of neo-liberalization and bringing about a set of historical outcomes, herein elucidated in three figures: the suburb, energy, and the entrepreneur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A great deal of research has documented how extractive resources are governed once their exploitation has begun, how transnational actors and factors play a role in extractive industries, and how states stick to a path of dependency towards fossil fuel exploitation. However, most of this previous research has not taken sufficiently seriously domestic politics. Furthermore, there has been little work on how dependency is constructed before exploiting these resources. This article fills that gap by showing how oil exploitation has been constructed as an economic imperative in Uganda. Building on a research design with a broad range of empirical fingerprints, this article shows that construction of oil as an economic imperative in Uganda is based on two processes: 1) embedding the meso level within the macro level through a long-term horizon; and 2) rendering the contingent necessary through a combination of material and immaterial strategies of state political control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1956 oil was discovered in the Algerian Sahara. The discovery sparked a huge infrastructural investment from the French metropole, with wells, roads and residential areas rapidly constructed across the desert. The colonial state widely promoted these developments as vast social ‘improvements’. But their tangible impacts on local communities were widely overlooked or presupposed, thus affecting the society of the late colonial era in Algeria. This paper examines how the development of the oil industry impacted residents and shaped socio-spatial practices across the Algerian Sahara between 1952 and 1962. The analysis concentrates on how colonial directives and ideologies directly and indirectly shaped the oil sector and explores the corollary implications, focusing on local social structures, urban and infrastructural landscapes and ethnic and regional identity archetypes. As an industry with close links to the state, migratory labour and local communities, the paper posits that the oil sector provides a critical insight into both the lived realities and socio-political mechanisms of late colonial rule across the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letras (0459-1283) is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multinational oil corporations have found massive amounts of oil and gas in Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Americas. Guyana is poised to be the new petro-state if revenues from these minerals are used wisely and skillfully. The country is, however, unprepared to deal with the complexities and challenges of managing oil companies and new-found wealth. The oil giants have cowed the inexperienced Guyana oil team in signing away the country to multinational corporations. The government settled and signed for less, giving the oil giants generous concessions. The fluctuation of oil prices per barrel, the impact of COVID-19, as well as ongoing corruption, ethnic tensions, political polarization, and ambition infra-structural projects have cast doubts on Guyana's ability to manage the oil and gas industry effectively. Guyana is expected to lose US$55 billion from the one-sided signed contracts with oil giants and risk repeating the mistake of the resource curse experienced by many developing countries. Las corporaciones petroleras multinacionales han encontrado cantidades masivas de petróleo y gas en Guyana, uno de los países más pobres de las Américas. Guyana está a punto de convertirse en el nuevo petroestado si los ingresos de estos minerales se utilizan de manera inteligente y hábil. Sin embargo, el país no está preparado para lidiar con las complejidades y los desafíos de administrar las compañías petroleras y la riqueza recién descubierta. Los gigantes petroleros han intimidado al inexperto equipo petrolero de Guyana al ceder el país a las corporaciones multinacionales. El gobierno se conformó y firmó por menos, dando generosas concesiones a los gigantes petroleros. La fluctuación de los precios del petróleo por barril, el impacto de la COVID-19, así como la corrupción continua, las tensiones étnicas, la polarización política y los ambiciosos proyectos de infraestructura, han arrojado dudas sobre la capacidad de Guyana para administrar la industria del petróleo y el gas de manera efectiva. Se espera que Guyana pierda 55.000 millones de dólares estadounidenses por los contratos unilaterales firmados con los gigantes petroleros y se arriesgue a repetir el error de la maldición de los recursos experimentada por muchos países en desarrollo. Les sociétés pétrolières multinationales ont trouvé des quantités massives de pétrole et de gaz en Guyane, l'un des pays les plus pauvres des Amériques. La Guyane est en passe de devenir le nouvel État pétrolier si les revenus de ces minerais sont utilisés avec sagesse et compétence. Le pays n'est cependant pas préparé à faire face aux complexités et aux défis de la gestion des compagnies pétrolières et des nouvelles richesses. Les géants pétroliers ont intimidé l'équipe pétrolière inexpérimentée de la Guyane en cédant le pays aux multinationales. Le gouvernement a réglé et signé moins cher, accordant aux géants pétroliers de généreuses concessions. La fluctuation des prix du pétrole par baril, l'impact du COVID-19, ainsi que la corruption persistante, les tensions ethniques, la polarisation politique et les projets d'infrastructure ambitieux ont jeté des doutes sur la capacité du Guyana à gérer efficacement l'industrie pétrolière et gazière. On s'attend à ce que la Guyane perde 55 milliards de dollars des contrats signés à sens unique avec les géants pétroliers et risque de répéter l'erreur de la malédiction des ressources subie par de nombreux pays en développement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette série de photographies a été réalisée par un ouvrier-photographe du port pétrolier de Fos sur mer (Sud de la France). Elle dit autrement que par les mots la nature et les conditions de travail de ces ouvriers qui font entrer le pétrole en Europe en déchargeant les tankers : tout est à la démesure de ces bateaux de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de tonnes déchargeant un produit visqueux qui adhère aux vêtements et à la peau par tous les temps... images à la sensibilité inconnue, faite de complicité et de distanciation. Une manière différente d’aborder le travail qui réinvestit les émotions.

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article aims to present the challenges of switching to alternative energies for an oil-producing country such as Algeria. The historical, comparative and analytical research method was used to identify the situation of international oil markets during the period 2004-2016 as well as their perspectives of evolution until 2040 in order to highlight the stakes and realities of the transition to alternative energies. The results concluded that oil will occupy a dominant position in the economies of the oil-exporting countries such as Algeria by 2040. However the alternative to renewable energies remains an unavoidable choice in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Keywords: water; Saskatchewan; oil; potash; resource development; eau; pétrole; potasse; développement des ressources hydriques EN water Saskatchewan oil potash resource development FR eau pétrole potasse développement des ressources hydriques 266 279 14 06/04/20 20200601 NES 200601 Key Messages Rapid and largely unmonitored expansion of non-renewable resource production in Saskatchewan is undermining water security. Oil and potash development in southern Saskatchewan Saskatchewan produces 11% of crude oil nationally, the second most after Alberta. Understanding government inaction in Saskatchewan We contextualize government inaction and slow action around long-term water planning through a number of explanations revealed in our interviews and secondary literature: low-issue salience; revenue reliance on the mineral sector; a "small-state" approach to governing by the ruling Saskatchewan Party; and ultimately a mainstream provincial political culture of "dominion" over natural resources and limited concern for environmental protection. It is worth noting that although Saskatchewan's provincial revenue remains highly dependent on oil and potash (20%-25% of revenue) after the mid-2000s to 2014 resource boom, commodity prices for both goods have fallen sharply, in 2009 for potash and 2014 for oil (Alexander et al. [1]). [Extracted from the article]

Leaks and spills have been endemic on long-distance oil pipelines in Canada since the mid-twentieth century. Evidence from the National Energy Board (neb) pipeline incident reports reveals a track record of thousands of spills totalling millions of litres of oil across the country. What causes onshore oil spills? Why do they occur? Where have they occurred? What have been the environmental consequences of these incidents? This article explores the history of onshore oil spills on federally regulated long-distance pipelines since the mid-twentieth century. It argues that oil pipeline spills are an endemic characteristic of complex enviro-technical systems built primarily for economic efficiency rather than environmental protection. Based on the analysis of incident reports submitted to the neb, the article finds that, while frequent, onshore oil spills in Canada have been variable in scale and have had a wide range of potential adverse environmental effects, depending on location, product type, and volume. The causes of such spills have also been variable, conforming to no obvious pattern over time. Instead, oil pipeline spills have occurred most often in an unpredictable fashion, posing great challenges for policy development. These spills have also represented a proportionally small fraction of the total oil delivered on Canada's long-distance pipelines, but, in absolute terms, this has meant the uncontrolled release of many millions of litres of oil into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-2000s, urban development in the United Arab Emirates has been driven by the leitmotiv of economic diversification, aiming to prepare the post-oil era. This new orientation illustrates a change in rhetoric: while spectacular urban projects were once devised as agents and symbols of the country’s entrance into modernity, they are now advertised as instruments for “shaping the future”. This paper argues that this shift cannot be simply analyzed as a marketing strategy or an aspirational discourse. Rather, it signifies a singular turn within dominant regimes of historicity in the UAE, which has performative effects on the city itself and on its residents’ everyday lives. This paper thus explores how officially produced images of the city embody these visions of the future, and translate them into the materiality of the city; but also how they contrast with the lived temporalities of city-dwellers and the imaginaries they produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Colombian State, when endorsing the oil activity establishes a risk, which is why it is appropriate that it responds for environmental damages that are caused in its material execution. Considering that the exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources must be carried out in a sustainable manner, to the extent that it is an obligation and an important source of income for the Colombian State. In accordance with the principle of equity, equality of public charges, and environmental sustainability, damages to individuals or the community must be compensated, since they are not obliged to bear the injuries or property damage, since State is the creator and the beneficiary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the historical transition from coal to oil and natural gas, commonly referred to as hydrocarbons. This transition occurred throughout the industrialized world between the 1940s and 1970s, yet the causes for the shift from coal to hydrocarbons are only marginally understood. Drawing from recent research on historical energy transitions, we examine the takeover of hydrocarbons in the context of the incumbent coal configurations. Building on previous explanations, we identify two analytical perspectives: (1) the view on the overall energy supply system that diversified when hydrocarbons were introduced, and (2) that on the consumers of energy, who replaced coal with hydrocarbon alternatives. The central argument is that the two perspectives need to be integrated to fully understand why hydrocarbons could replace coal. This monumental change in energy history was no simple shift in fuels, but a complex transition that occurred at (1) the level of energy supply, where hydrocarbons became available as alternatives to coal, and (2) the level of energy consumption, where consumers in the areas of railway and maritime transportation, residential heating, industrial production, and electricity generation actively decided to use hydrocarbon alternatives as substitutions for coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on case studies from the energy transitions to coal, oil, and electricity in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in America to highlight the importance of attending to the material dimensions of energy systems. The essay argues that a focus on materiality illuminates both the political stakes of energy infrastructure and helps explain the dynamics of energy transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article responds to the question: how do the inhabitants of a community perceive the transformations of their territory associated with oil extraction policy in Mexico that are defi ned and upheld by prevailing political-economic trends? Oil extraction in Mexico has only highlighted the importance of oil as a main element of the country's economic development. This situation contributes to the invisibility of the harmful eff ects in the territories where extraction takes place. The article focuses on the analysis of seven socioterritorial transformations that took place in the socio-cultural, socio-economic, socio-political and socio-environmental context of the Emiliano Zapata community. The perception of the inhabitants regarding the oil extraction activities that take place in their community shows they have been negatively impacted by sociocultural and socio-environmental contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Canada's fossil fuel industry has recently put citizen outreach at the centre of its political strategy. This is manifest in a public outreach campaign known as Canada's Energy Citizens (CEC), undertaken by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). Analysis This article uses interviews with CEC organizers and members to demonstrate how participation subsidies are used to enlist members. While much scholarly literature assumes corporate grassroots campaigns will hide the use of professional public relations labour and industry ties, findings show instead that CEC foreground its members' professional backgrounds and connections to the oil sector. Conclusions and implications Transparency does ideological work in the campaign, framing pro-oil advocacy as a licit social aim, and public relations labour as a normative model of citizen political participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This article uses basic thematic content analysis (n = 80) and qualitative visual analysis to examine how still advertisements produced by Canada's oil sands industry changed between 2006 and 2015. Analysis The article argues that early industry advertisement campaigns had a strong environment focus with the objective of linking industry's interest in oil with a visual commitment to preserving, reclaiming, and restoring the natural environment. Conclusions and implications In subsequent campaigns, however, industry is shown to undertake a multidimensional campaigning strategy, the most prominent of which is lifestyle messaging that celebrates oil's ubiquity in consumer culture. The shift to "selling oil sands without oil sands" highlights the need for scholars to widen the aperture of what is traditionally considered environmental imagery from the natural environment to the human-made environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Canadian nontheatrical cinema has historically positioned natural resource extraction as intrinsic to the country's economic development and national identity. During the 1940s and 1950s in particular with the discovery of Alberta's vast oil reserves, industrial and documentary films about oil extraction associated petroleum with nation-building and modernization. Analysis This article examines The Story of Oil (1946, produced by the National Film Board of Canada), A Mile Below the Wheat (1949, sponsored by Imperial Oil), and Underground East (1953, sponsored by Imperial Oil) as examples of such "petro-films" following the oil booms in Turner Valley and Leduc, Alberta. Conclusion and implications The author demonstrates how these texts sought to position Western oil development in relation to contemporaneous resource industries, namely wheat agriculture and ranching. These films leveraged such comparisons to other regional "fuels" to situate petroleum within pre-existing national imaginaries about Canada's twentieth-century resource economy, and normalize the oil industry's land-use practices and transportation infrastructures like pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to use the bivariate VEC-EGARCH model with constant correlations to analyze the process by which the mean and volatility are transmitted between the crude futures markets and physical oil markets in Mexico. The results point to the existence of bilateral performance information transmission patterns with stronger effects from the futures markets to the physical markets, while the evidence for the effects of bilateral volatility transmission only exists between the oil futures and physical oil markets in Olmeca. The empirical findings are relevant to governmental authorities and consumers because they aid in designing cross-hedging strategies that mitigate exposure to the price risk in Mexican oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)