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The recruitment of key cells to regeneration sites is a promising strategy to promote functional wound healing. Dermal fibroblasts exhibit a heterogeneous population of cells during homeostasis and in response to injury. Papillary fibroblasts play central regulatory roles in the regeneration of skin appendages during wound healing. Inspired by the phenomenon where bait for grass carp can attract grouped grass carps to a fishing spot soon, "Grass Carp Fishing" multifunctional hydrogels, that is, codelivery of an antibody of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) on the surface of papillary fibroblasts and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with recruitment function, can recruit papillary fibroblasts. In the experiments, carboxymethyl chitosan showed positive effects in promoting cell proliferation and neovascularization, while dopamine-grafted gelatin was effective in stabilizing the structure and prolonging the degradation time. The sustained release of Lrig1 antibodies and IGF1 from injectable self-healing multifunctional hydrogels persistently accelerated the migration and proliferation of Lrig1+ fibroblasts. The in vivo results from a full-thickness cutaneous wound model showed that injectable self-healing multifunctional hydrogel accelerated wound healing and skin regeneration through the recruitment of Lrig1+ papillary fibroblasts in wound tissue. Our findings reveal an injectable self-healing multifunctional hydrogel for regeneration, a promising approach to promoting skin wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population consisting of several subpopulations that differ in their origin, anatomical regional specificity, and location inside the dermis. Certain phenotypic and functional features of fibroblasts of the papillary and reticular layers of human skin dermis were investigated. It has been found that the introduction of reticular fibroblasts into the primary culture with an oxygen level reduced to 5% increases the efficiency of obtaining this population of fibroblasts. Morphometric analysis of cultured fibroblasts of the studied populations, comparison of the strength and rate of collagen gel contraction, and data on the expression levels of CD90 and CD73 obtained by flow cytometry has shown significant differences in fibroblasts of the papillary and reticular layers of the human dermis in the temporal region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, research on wound healing has become increasingly in-depth, but therapeutic effects are still not satisfactory. Occasionally, pathological tissue repair occurs. Influencing factors have been proposed, but finding the turning point between normal and pathological tissue repair is difficult. Therefore, we focused our attention on the most basic level of tissue repair: fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were once considered terminally differentiated cells that represent a single cell type, and their heterogeneity was not studied until recently. We believe that subpopulations of fibroblasts play different roles in tissue repair, resulting in different repair results, such as the formation of normal scars in physiological tissue repair and fibrosis or ulcers in pathological tissue repair. It is also proposed that scarless healing can be achieved by regulating fibroblast subpopulations.

In recent years, research on wound healing has become increasingly in-depth, but therapeutic effects are still not satisfactory. Occasionally, pathological tissue repair occurs. Influencing factors have been proposed, but finding the turning point between normal and pathological tissue repair is difficult. Therefore, we focused our attention on the most basic level of tissue repair: fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were once considered terminally differentiated cells that represent a single cell type, and their heterogeneity was not studied until recently. We believe that subpopulations of fibroblasts play different roles in tissue repair, resulting in different repair results, such as the formation of normal scars in physiological tissue repair and fibrosis or ulcers in pathological tissue repair. It is also proposed that scarless healing can be achieved by regulating fibroblast subpopulations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zou, Teng, Wu, Liu, Tang, Jia, Chen, Zhang, Sun, Li, Ye, Xu and Yuan.)

Background/Aim: Interstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of renal damage and represents an important therapeutic target. Halofuginone is a nontoxic alkaloid, used as a coccidiostat, and is a potent inhibitor of collagen α1(I) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. We thus studied the effects of halofuginone on proliferation, collagen I synthesis, and MMP-2 activity of rat renal papillary fibroblasts in culture. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from rat renal papillae and studied during passages 3–4. The cell proliferation was studied in the presence of varying concentrations of halofuginone. The collagen synthesis was studied by [3H]proline uptake, before and after collagenase digestion, at varying concentrations of halofuginone. The MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography. The gelatinolytic activity was determined on gelatin-impregnated polyacrylamide gels containing samples of cell medium after incubation for 24 h with different halofuginone doses. Results: We studied a phenotype of papillary fibroblasts which stained positive for alpha smooth muscle actin. These cells are phenotypically myofibroblasts. Halufuginone inhibited the proliferation of these cells in a dose-related and reversible manner. Platelet-derived growth factor is known to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Halofuginone at a concentration of 250 ng/ml almost completely abolished the effect of platelet-derived growth factor. It also almost completely inhibited the MMP-2 activity at doses of 250–350 ng/ml, as shown by zymography. Conclusions: Halofuginone exhibits antifibrotic effects in rat renal papillary fibroblasts in culture, in terms of inhibition of proliferation and inhibition of MMP-2. These findings could have therapeutic potential. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]