Search

The concept oi park city provides a new model for the integrated utilization of multiple elements in built-up areas. Ecological corridors, as key components of urban ecosystem, play a major role in facilitating information flow and material exchange between various ecological spaces within built-up area. We identified ecological (mixed) spaces in Shenyang using points of interest data on the ArcGIS 10.2 platform and considered them as sources. Using the least-cost model and gravity model, we identified potential ecological corridors with high, medium, and low resistance on the resistance surface, and proposed the spatial planning guidance strategy based on the distribution characteristics of potential corridors. The results showed that the number of ecological ( mixed) spaces in the study area significantly increased during 2017-2022. The ecological resistance surface showed an outward expansion trend with continuous accumulation of resistance in the core area. There was an increase of one high-resistance and one medium-resistance potential corridor, and an increase of nine low-resistance potential corridors. However, there were problems, such as a single corridor network structure, the exacerbation of ecological isolation, and continuous accumulation of resistance. Based on the concept of park city and the spatial distribution characteristics of potential corridors, we put forward a spatial planning guidance strategy to strengthen the support system of composite space corridors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective In the development context of ecological construction and new urbanization for park cities in the current new-era, the main theme is to explore the planning direction and influencing factors of urban new scene creation combined with urban rail transit environment. Method Based on the practice of scene creation and construction in Chengdu park city, ′environmental features′, ′cultural features′ and ′sociality′ are taken as the evaluation criteria for ′scene creation′. A tram station environment evaluation standard and index system composed of 3 primary evaluation indicators and 10 secondary evaluation indicators are constructed. The environment quality in good and harsh conditions of Chengdu Tram Line 2 Southwest Jiaotong University Station are comprehensively analyzed. Result & Conclusion Under the guidance of park city scene creation principle and tram station environment evaluation system, a survey analysis of the current environment at the Southwest Jiaotong University Station on Chengdu Tram Line 2 is conducted. In view of the environmental issues such as monotonous architectural forms and vague scene imagery, optimization suggestions are proposed for tram station accessibility, functionality and comfort to realize a new ′park city+rail transit′ scenario of people-oriented, green transportation and integration of industry and urban development.

By systematically reviewing the practical experience of management of urban parks at home and abroad, the advanced experience in organization, management system, operation mechanism and social participation were summarized, and the optimization and improvement measures for the construction and management of urban parks in Chengdu were proposed to provide reference for the high-level construction, high-quality experience and efficient management of urban parks in the construction of park city demonstration zone in Chengdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important strategy of basic public services in China, service “accessibility” follows the concept of fair and equal public services. Compared with the traditional transportation accessibility, it is also a comprehensive consideration from the dimension of residents’ demand and service supply to promote the balance of urban park space layout and service coverage. Based on the N-minute service circle, this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system to quantitatively assess the service balance of urban parks based on three dimensions of service availability, spatial balance and social equity, taking the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou as an example. And further, an optimization model of urban park system is constructed to carry out spatial analysis and optimal adaptation of urban park system by combining residents’ demand and evaluation. The results show that the overall accessibility of urban park services shows a spatial pattern of “high in the north and low in the middle”, with obvious spatial differentiation along the river area. The urban park system optimized by the model based on the assessment results achieves the “accessibility” and “refined” quality of urban park services. Meanwhile, this study provides a reference for building a more all-age and quality urban park system.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the core concepts of park city is from form construction to ecological transformation and sustainable development, and it is also a new construction path proposed to address urban issues in the new era. As an important component of the ecosystem, urban wilderness is based on reconstructing the relationship between humans and nature, and has significant value in enhancing biodiversity, improving ecosystem services, and promoting human physical and mental health. This study proposes that urban wilderness can bring new ecological development models to the development of park city, play an important role in comprehensively improving the urban ecological environment, and further enrich the connotation of park city. Taking Yunshangbali · Exploration Park in Chengdu as an example, this study showcases the multiple values of wilderness through design practice and empowers the construction of park city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities have been the cradle of human civilization, with ongoing efforts to achieve the ideal city. Park cities prioritize “public” and “fair” principles in urban governance, emphasizing people-centered and livable spaces. This paper explores research hotspots and trends in park city evolution to support sustainable spatial planning. Analyzing 2278 articles covering country cooperation, research topics, and practices, the initial focus is on eco-city development, shifting towards ecological restoration and sustainable cities. Research focuses on urban gardens, ecological/cultural services, green spaces, and spiritual comfort. China’s park city construction faces challenges in spatial patterns, ecological functions, and human settlement, requiring attention in planning and management. More data, methods, and experiences are needed to inform science-policy planning in urban management, advancing sustainable pathways for people and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change, rapid urbanization, and economic development have brought many challenges and threats to human production and lifestyles, increasing the necessity for sustainable human development, urban ecological governance, and low-carbon energy transformation. The current research on the green ecological transition model of global megacities is relatively scattered, with most studies focusing on the green ecological transition of a single dimension of ecological or social value. Based on the panel data of the economic, social, and ecological of Chengdu from 2010 to 2020, we measure the level of green ecological transition of Chengdu and its regions using the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method and then utilize exploratory spatial data analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution dynamic of green ecological transition in Chengdu city, and finally use the spatial Durbin model to analyze the key factors of green ecological transition in Chengdu park city. The results showed that: (1) the overall green ecological development level of Chengdu Park City showed an obvious upward trend, and the spatial region presents the characteristics of the circle structure of decreasing from the inside to the outside; (2) the green ecological transformation of Chengdu park cities has shown a positive spatial autocorrelation since 2015, and Jinjiang and Qingyang districts have become the green ecological transformation; (3) the adjustment of energy structure and the improvement of market freedom had a significant positive impact on the development of park cities, with a contribution of 8.3% and 10.9%, respectively. These results and findings will help to provide references for academic research and urban area planning on the green and low-carbon development transition and regional sustainable development of megapark cities.

Cities have been the cradle of human civilization, with ongoing efforts to achieve the ideal city. Park cities prioritize “public” and “fair” principles in urban governance, emphasizing people-centered and livable spaces. This paper explores research hotspots and trends in park city evolution to support sustainable spatial planning. Analyzing 2278 articles covering country cooperation, research topics, and practices, the initial focus is on eco-city development, shifting towards ecological restoration and sustainable cities. Research focuses on urban gardens, ecological/cultural services, green spaces, and spiritual comfort. China’s park city construction faces challenges in spatial patterns, ecological functions, and human settlement, requiring attention in planning and management. More data, methods, and experiences are needed to inform science-policy planning in urban management, advancing sustainable pathways for people and nature.

In recent decades, rapid urbanization has been linked to negative impacts on people's mental health. However, the healing potential of urban parks as central features of cityscapes has not been fully explored from the perspective of audio-visual integration. This gap limits designers' ability to leverage parks' healing systems to their full potential. To address this gap, this study used the Mindwave monitoring and recovery component scale to evaluate the healing function of urban parks in Chengdu, specifically focusing on audio-visual integration. Based on audio-visual scene combination samples collected through shooting and recording, we found that: (1) The visual and audio qualities of birdsong (the sky above the blue space and the green space) can significantly differ. (2) Birdsong and conversation seem to provide healing effects from seemingly contradictory dimensions of "quiet" and "social", with gender differences as the primary influencing factor. (3) Visible children laughing at low levels (30% and 50%) has a more negative impact than invisible traffic noise at the same sound pressure level. (4) Audio-visual interaction does not always have a positive effect, with the visibility of the sound source as the primary influencing factor. (5) An increase in audio proportion did not necessarily correspond to a linear increase in the healing effect. Through exploring the influence of audio-visual combination scenes on healing effects in urban parks, this study provides an empirical basis for park design and planning that considers audio-visual healing effects. It offers insights into designing healing systems for parks and urban areas as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of park cities makes it possible for the popularization of ecotourism, and lays resource conditions and product foundation for the practical teaching of ecotourism course. In this paper, natural ecological resources and ecological leisure and recreation in Qinglong Lake Ecological Wetland Park were analyzed, and a series of practical teaching projects can be designed based on ecological cognition education, ecological responsibility, ecological experience, ecological environmental protection publicity and ecological tourism scenic spot management, as well as the teaching requirements of ecotourism course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Greenway construction is one of the important measures for Chengdu to build a "beautiful and livable park city", and is also a framework system for building a park city. According to the construction demand of the park city, a Tianfu greenway system with the theme of "one axis, two mountains, three rings and seven belts" will be formed throughout Chengdu. Jinjiang 198 Greenway is the first large-scale greenway in the main urban area of Chengdu. In view of the use of Jinjiang 198 Greenway in Chengdu, its use characteristics and user satisfaction degree are studied. The general situation of people's use of greenway is obtained from the characteristics of users themselves and its use conditions. According to the statistics of user satisfaction degree through field survey and questionnaire survey, it is known that the overall satisfaction degree of users on the greenway is good. Through factor analysis, the main factors affecting user satisfaction degree are obtained, which are in turn supporting facilities, service facilities, activity sites, green environment and accessibility. Finally, based on the above analysis and summary, suggestions and opinions are put forward for the future construction and development of Tianfu greenway system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of park city construction, urban street space system and scene construction are the most important forms of presentation of value transformation framework. Most of the outdoor activities of urban residents are completed in the urban street space which constitutes various scenes. Scene construction not only includes the material space as the carrier, but also includes the behaviors and activities of the participants and the time and path of "program setting", as well as the opening and closing of events. Scene construction is an effective approach explored during the construction of the park city demonstration area, which is currently practicing the new development concept. However, there have been no reports on the specific theories, methods, processes, and systems of scene construction, especially for the lack of pattern summary and method induction for program setting in scene construction. Therefore, from the perspective of building a park city demonstration area that implements the new development concept, the paper discusses the concept, connotation, process and modularity of the program setting of street space scene construction, in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the scene construction and "value transformation" of park city street space system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, rapid urbanization has been linked to negative impacts on people’s mental health. However, the healing potential of urban parks as central features of cityscapes has not been fully explored from the perspective of audio-visual integration. This gap limits designers’ ability to leverage parks’ healing systems to their full potential. To address this gap, this study used the Mindwave monitoring and recovery component scale to evaluate the healing function of urban parks in Chengdu, specifically focusing on audio-visual integration. Based on audio-visual scene combination samples collected through shooting and recording, we found that: (1) The visual and audio qualities of birdsong (the sky above the blue space and the green space) can significantly differ. (2) Birdsong and conversation seem to provide healing effects from seemingly contradictory dimensions of “quiet” and “social”, with gender differences as the primary influencing factor. (3) Visible children laughing at low levels (30% and 50%) has a more negative impact than invisible traffic noise at the same sound pressure level. (4) Audio-visual interaction does not always have a positive effect, with the visibility of the sound source as the primary influencing factor. (5) An increase in audio proportion did not necessarily correspond to a linear increase in the healing effect. Through exploring the influence of audio-visual combination scenes on healing effects in urban parks, this study provides an empirical basis for park design and planning that considers audio-visual healing effects. It offers insights into designing healing systems for parks and urban areas as well.

The rationality and efficiency of the spatial structure of an urban park system are critical in building a livable urban environment. Fractal theory is currently treated as the frontier theory for exploring the law of complex systems; however, it has rarely been applied to urban park systems. This study applied the aggregation, grid and correlation dimension models of fractal theory in Fuzhou, China. The spatial structure and driving factors of the urban park system were analyzed and an innovative model was proposed. The evidence shows that the spatial structure of the park system has fractal characteristics, although self-organization and optimization have not yet been fully formed, revealing a multi-core nesting pattern. Moreover, the core is cluster of four popular parks with weakening adsorption, and the emerging Baima River Park is located at the geometric center, which is likely to be further developed. The system structure is primarily driven by geographical conditions, planning policies, and transportation networks. Against this backdrop, an innovative model for the park system was proposed. The central park has heterogeneity and synergistic development, relying on the kinds of flow which can lead to the formation of a park city, a variation of a garden city. At the regional scale, relying on the geographical lines, the formation of a regional park zone could be realized. These findings provide new perspectives to reveal the spatial structure of urban park systems. The information derived can assist policy makers and planners in formulating more scientific plans, and may contribute to building a balanced and efficient urban park system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and has rich scientific and ideological implications. Its core is to achieve a harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and to fundamentally ensure people' s well-being by protecting the ecological environment. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, 'Park city' construction has become the fundamental reform of the industrial city development mode and the innovative exploration and scientific practice of promoting the transformation of ecological civilization. A 'Park City' is the result of a deep coupling of the natural ecological domain and the urban social field; it is a modern new city based on a sound ecological system and an organism that can realize the harmonious unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits, and social welfare. The key to the examination of the development of 'Park City' construction in the era of ecological civilization from the perspective of economic value theory lies in the transformation of ecological value. It means that in city construction, it is necessary to explore the path to transform 'lucid waters and lush mountains' into 'invaluable assets' in order to create a new 'growth pole' for sustainable urban development. In this way, the relationship between the ecological environment and economic growth can be effectively solved. This article expounds deeply the scientific implications of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization from the height of historical development, clarifies the development background and theoretical foundation of 'Park City' construction, and interprets the economic mechanism and main path of ecological value transformation of 'Park Cities' from the perspective of value theory innovation. This article also demonstrates that Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization can always lead the 'Park City' development and reform from a theoretical level and practical path and promote the transformation of the urban construction concept from industrial logic to ecological logic in the new era. It further emphasizes that 'Park City' construction is an endeavor to explore the way of the development of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and a new development paradigm of transforming ecological value to improve people' s livelihood. Moreover, it provides an important reference for the formation of a collaborative innovation mechanism for ecological environmental protection and social and economic development, exploring an internal power source of sustainable development of the ecological system and human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “Park City” concept presents a new, urban development model that can be used as a guide for planning the growth of a city. Advancing the transformation of Chengdu into a park city is an important and unique strategic option for maintaining and strengthening the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. The construction of a park city in Chengdu has many potentially positive and favorable outcomes, including maintaining natural ecosystems while improving biodiversity, livability, and enhancing the city’s historical and cultural heritage, all while establishing Chengdu as a national leader for this new urban development model. In recent years, park city scenescape modeling and the resulting ecological value transformations have been analyzed through theory, mechanism designs, and limited practice, but throughout the explorations on scenescape building and ecological value transformations, the actual construction of a park city is still facing many problems. This article argues that Chengdu should take lessons from the advanced experience in urban ecological construction efforts of other cities, both in China and overseas, focusing on sustained scenescape building, theoretical research in ecological value transformations, establishing meaningful and compatible interaction mechanisms between ecological value transformations and capital markets, improving the levels of planning and designing needed for scenescape building, establishing innovative scenescape building and ecological value transformations management systems and mechanisms, and cultivating park city scenescape brands. Related and detailed scenescape building and ecological value transformation measurement and policy suggestions are also provided in this article.

• Exploring the spatial–temporal evolution pattern and key factor of green ecology transition for large cities. • Established a comprehensive index system of green ecology transition for large cities. • Park city development in Chengdu has a positive spatial autocorrelation since 2015 and is characterized with concentricity. • Adjustments to the industrial and energy structures and increasing market freedom have a significant positive impact on Chengdu. • Providing a case study for green ecology transition for large cities. Global climate change, rapid urbanization, and economic development have brought many challenges and threats to human production and lifestyles, increasing the necessity for sustainable human development, urban ecological governance, and low-carbon energy transformation. The current research on the green ecological transition model of global megacities is relatively scattered, with most studies focusing on the green ecological transition of a single dimension of ecological or social value. Based on the panel data of the economic, social, and ecological of Chengdu from 2010 to 2020, we measure the level of green ecological transition of Chengdu and its regions using the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method and then utilize exploratory spatial data analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution dynamic of green ecological transition in Chengdu city, and finally use the spatial Durbin model to analyze the key factors of green ecological transition in Chengdu park city. The results showed that: (1) the overall green ecological development level of Chengdu Park City showed an obvious upward trend, and the spatial region presents the characteristics of the circle structure of decreasing from the inside to the outside; (2) the green ecological transformation of Chengdu park cities has shown a positive spatial autocorrelation since 2015, and Jinjiang and Qingyang districts have become the green ecological transformation; (3) the adjustment of energy structure and the improvement of market freedom had a significant positive impact on the development of park cities, with a contribution of 8.3% and 10.9%, respectively. These results and findings will help to provide references for academic research and urban area planning on the green and low-carbon development transition and regional sustainable development of megapark cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationality and efficiency of the spatial structure of an urban park system are critical in building a livable urban environment. Fractal theory is currently treated as the frontier theory for exploring the law of complex systems; however, it has rarely been applied to urban park systems. This study applied the aggregation, grid and correlation dimension models of fractal theory in Fuzhou, China. The spatial structure and driving factors of the urban park system were analyzed and an innovative model was proposed. The evidence shows that the spatial structure of the park system has fractal characteristics, although self-organization and optimization have not yet been fully formed, revealing a multi-core nesting pattern. Moreover, the core is cluster of four popular parks with weakening adsorption, and the emerging Baima River Park is located at the geometric center, which is likely to be further developed. The system structure is primarily driven by geographical conditions, planning policies, and transportation networks. Against this backdrop, an innovative model for the park system was proposed. The central park has heterogeneity and synergistic development, relying on the kinds of flow which can lead to the formation of a park city, a variation of a garden city. At the regional scale, relying on the geographical lines, the formation of a regional park zone could be realized. These findings provide new perspectives to reveal the spatial structure of urban park systems. The information derived can assist policy makers and planners in formulating more scientific plans, and may contribute to building a balanced and efficient urban park system.

Pollen (spores and pollen) allergy caused by green areas is one of the most serious environmental epidemics endangering urban public health. The pollen allergy rate in China reached 17.8% in 2022, characterized by a wide age range of onset, severity and diversity of symptoms. The aims of this study were to verify the consistency of the prediction results of pollen concentration and the index of allergenicity of urban green zones ( I UGZA ) equation, and to clarify the dispersal pattern of tree pollen in the urban alleys of cities with high density of static wind. We selected representative high, medium and low allergenic areas based on the allergenic stress in urban alleys of Qingyang District, Chengdu calculated by I UGZA equation, and monitored the pollen concentrations by selecting points and indicator species within the three allergenic areas. There was a consistency in the variation of pollen concentration in urban alleys of the three areas, with the highest pollen concentration in March. Mean pollen concentration showed a pattern of spring > autumn > summer > winter. The main pollen sources belonged to Ginkgo , Platanus , Firmiana and Cedrus , accounting for 42.4%, 16.3%, 9.0% and 6.5% of the total pollen, respectively. Wind speed had the greatest effect on pollen concentration and its dispersal distance in the urban alley. The horizontal dispersal distance of pollen was up to 260 m, and the number of pollen showed a significant negative linear correlation with the distance away from the pollen sources. The concentration of exotic pollen collected at the high site (4.5 m above ground) was much lower than that at the near-ground site (1.5 m above ground), but without difference in the types of pollen. The results of allergenic risk predicted by the I UGZA equation were consistent with the actual measured pollen concentration, which could be used in high-density static wind city.

Urban parks play a crucial role in urban public green infrastructure, providing recreational places for urban residents while carrying values of aesthetics, ecology, humanities, economy, life, and society. However, achieving an equitable and efficient spatial layout of urban parks is a challenging task due to limited urban space resources, which requires further exploration. This study employed multisource big data and GIS technology to constructed an indicator system for evaluating the equity-efficiency of urban park spatial distribution. We examined the spatial distribution of 85 parks across 62 sub-districts in the main urban area of Chengdu, the largest city in western China and the first Park City of China. The results demonstrated that equity was polarized, with an indicator value ranging from 0 to 0.77 and an average value of 0.32. The sub-district of Sansheng had the highest equity, while Wenjia and Kanghe had the lowest equity. Twenty-one sub-districts had no parks, and the equity of park spatial distribution in these areas was low. The efficiency indicator ranged from 0.20 to 0.62, with an average value of 0.40. The efficiency of the main urban area was high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The sub-district of Huangtianba had the highest efficiency, while Jinguanyi had the lowest efficiency. In the two-dimensional quadrant of equity-efficiency, 24 sub-districts had high equity and high efficiency, 13 sub-districts had high equity and low efficiency, 4 sub-districts had low equity and high efficiency, and 21 sub-districts had low equity and low efficiency. At the district level, only Chenghua District's park was spatial equitable and efficient, surpassing the average level of the main urban area. Finally, we discussed the findings in the context of planning policies for Chengdu in recent years. We proposed that strengthening the construction of small urban parks and green spaces, improving park facilities to meet the diverse social needs of people, and enhancing the quality and attractiveness of the parks are crucial for the future development of park green spaces in the main urban areas of Chengdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Focus on the optimal scale of urban green space. • Comprehensively considering the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of urban green space and constructing an evaluation index system. • Calculating the optimal scale of urban green space in Xi'an under different benefit conditions. • Providing new perspectives and references for the future construction of Park Citiy and urban green space system planning. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, urban problems have become increasingly serious, and have led to the concept of the Park City. This concept involves a consideration of the comprehensive value of green space in order to give full play to the maximum benefit of that green space and, thus, realize the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, an exploration of the optimal scale of urban green space will have theoretical and practical significance for the construction of the Park City and the rational allocation of urban land resources. Taking Xi'an as an example, the present paper comprehensively considers the socioeconomic and ecological benefits of urban green space, and calculates its optimal scale. The results indicate that: (i) in terms of the socioeconomic benefits alone, the per capita amount of green area in Xi'an needs to be larger than 11.08 m2, and there is no theoretical optimal size; (ii) in terms of ecological benefits alone, the per capita amount of green area in Xi'an needs to be greater than 22.98 m2; (iii) in terms of the combined socioeconomic and ecological benefits, the per capita amount of green area of Xi'an needs to be greater than 24.89 m2; (iv) the optimal scale for any city is more siginficantly impacted by the ecological effects than by the socioeconomic effects; (v) to satisfy the development and construction needs of various cities, with their individual characteristics, the optimal urban green space scale should be explored according to the target city's developmental stage and land use situation. The methods and results of the present study are intended to provide a reference for the future construction of Park Cities in China, as well as the planning of green space systems in other cities globally, and to open new prospects for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Park City is a new concept for sustainable urban development. Urban Parks are the core of Park City, where park accessibility is the central index of park services. Previous studies have been conducted primarily from residents' perspective, based on the "O-D" (origin to destination) model to access the park accessibility. However, urban parks should be considered a place supporting the coexistence of tourists and residents. Moreover, tourists' movement patterns differ from those of residents, which are expressed as "no turning back" and traverse circular or nodal routes. Consequently, this paper proposes that the traditional "O-D" model be expanded to be consistent with the movement patterns of tourists. This paper employs Park City Chengdu as an exemplar and proposes a "D-D" (destination to destination) model to facilitate further park accessibility. The calculation process was based on a multiple transportation mode measure with multiple time thresholds, entrances, and exits, supported by Web API. The results reveal the key time nodes and park accessibility rankings for four transportation modes. In particular, the park accessibility presents a "dual-core, several sub-centers and cluster-types" circle structure. Furthermore, the park accessibility in Chengdu was generally balanced, except within 25 min, as well as walking and public transport. This paper provides new hypothetical perspectives and practical experiences for studying urban park accessibility, and novel ideas for parks' sites and distribution while serving as a model for cities worldwide for sustainable urban development. • "D-D" (destination to destination) model based on the travel behaviors of tourists to facilitate park accessibility • Multiple transportation mode, time thresholds and entrances and exits, supported by Web API • Determine the transportations' weights and time thresholds for spatial analysis by data itself • New ideas for urban parks' sites and distributions • "Park Stepping Stones" to form park networks based on "D-D" model results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remotely sensed hyperspectral and digital elevation data from southeastern Idaho are combined in a new method to assess mine waste contamination. Waste rock from phosphorite mining in the area contains selenium, cadmium, vanadium, and other metals. Toxic concentrations of selenium have been found in plants and soils near some mine waste dumps. Eighteen mine waste dumps and five vegetation cover types in the southeast Idaho phosphate district were mapped by using Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery and field data. The interaction of surface water runoff with mine waste was assessed by registering the AVIRIS results to digital elevation data, enabling determinations of (1) mine dump morphologies, (2) catchment watershed areas above each mine dump, (3) flow directions from the dumps, (4) stream gradients, and (5) the extent of downstream wetlands available for selenium absorption.Watersheds with the most severe selenium contamination, such as the South Maybe Canyon watershed, are associated with mine dumps that have large catchment watershed areas, high stream gradients, a paucity of downstream wetlands, and dump forms that tend to obstruct stream flow. Watersheds associated with low concentrations of dissolved selenium, such as Angus Creek, have mine dumps with small catchment watershed areas, low stream gradients, abundant wetlands vegetation, and less obstructing dump morphologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]