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Magistrsko delo se skozi prenovo Ukmarjeve vile na Ponoviški cesti 12 ukvarja s problematiko prostorov za mlade v Litiji. Naloga raziskuje obstoječe stanje in potrebe preko participativnih procesov, v katere vključuje mlade in uporabnike prostorov obravnavanega objekta ter njegove okolice. V samem procesu participacije že prepoznava del rešitve in proces vzpostavljanja prostora. Vila, s katero že danes delno upravlja Mladinski center Litija (MC Litija), postane center za mlade in stičišče mladinskih organizacij v kraju. Kot ključno povezovalno organizacijo se poleg MC Litija prepozna Klub litijskih in šmarskih študentov (KLIŠE), ki postane upravljalec dela prenovljenih prostorov, s poudarkom na soupravljanju prostorov in sodelovanju s preostalimi mladinskimi organizacijami. Prenova vzpostavi bolj korekten odnos do kulturne dediščine in omogoča prilagajanje stavbe novemu programu in potrebam programov v prihodnosti ter ji tako omogoči, da ostaja vitalen del mesta. To se dosega tudi preko jasnejše povezave z mestom in nivojem reke, s čimer ustvarja pestrejše zunanje prostore, dostopne vsem. Vključevanje uporabnikov je predvideno tudi v procesu oblikovanja projekta. Ti oblikujejo dele prostorov, ki se lahko v prihodnosti, ravno zaradi načina njihove izgradnje, enostavno spreminjajo in prilagajajo novim potrebam. Through the renovation of Ukmar's villa on Ponoviška cesta 12, the master's thesis deals with the issue of spaces for young people in Litija. Thesis investigates the existing situation and needs through participatory processes, in which it includes young people and users of the building and its surroundings. In the very process of participation, thesis already recognizes a part of the solution and the process of establishing place. The villa, which is already partially managed by the Litija Youth Center (MC Litija), will become a center for young people and a meeting point for youth organizations in the area. In addition to MC Litija, the student’s organization Klub litijskih in Šmarskih študentov (KLIŠE) is recognized as a key connecting organization, which becomes the manager of the part of the renovated spaces, with an emphasis on joint management of the spaces and collaboration with the rest of the youth organizations. The renovation establishes a more correct attitude towards the cultural heritage and allows the building to be adapted to the new program and the needs of the programs in the future, thus allowing it to remain a vital part of the city. This is also achieved through a clearer connection with the city and the level of the river, which creates more varied outdoor spaces, available to all. Involvement of users is also foreseen in the project design process. They can design parts of rooms that can easily be changed and adapted to new needs in the future, precisely because of how they’ve been built.

Organizacijska kultura je osebnost organizacije ali podjetja, ki se odraža skozi vedenje zaposlenih, njihova prepričanja, načine, na katere v organizaciji rešujejo izzive in se prilagajajo spremembam. Deloma je vidna navzven, v večjem delu pa lahko ostaja skrita. Več avtorjev trdi, da je ukvarjanje z organizacijsko kulturo ključno za napredovanje organizacije in uspešno prilagajanje družbenim potrebam. Namen mojega magistrskega dela je bil proučevanje kulture nevladne organizacije z več enotami in več ravnmi menedžmenta. Magistrsko delo obravnava organizacijsko kulturo društva in podjetja, katerega ustanovitelj je društvo. Zaposlujejo tudi osebe z izkušnjo gibalne oviranosti. V teoretičnem delu so sprva predstavljeni pojmi, ki so potrebni za razumevanje celotne naloge: nevladna organizacija, društvo, invalidsko podjetje in teorije, ki so povezane s prvinami kulture, nakar se osredotočim na organizacijsko kulturo. Nanašam se predvsem na tipologijo Camerona in Quinna, čigar mednarodni vprašalnik OCAI sem uporabila tudi v empiričnem delu za potrebe kvantitativnega raziskovanja. Rezultati kažejo, da je prevladujoča organizacijska kultura nevladne organizacije kultura klana, podjetja pa kultura kontrole, ki ji z le malo razlike sledi organizacijska kultura klana. Med posameznimi enotami in ravnmi menedžmenta v organizacijski kulturi nevladne organizacije ni bilo opaziti večjih razlik. Ker se je glede na kriterije za analizo vprašalnika OCAI izkazalo, da si posamezniki ne želijo večjih sprememb, sem v raziskovalni nalogi teoretično raziskovala podporo za ohranjanje organizacijske kulture, saj tudi to lahko predstavlja izziv v sodobnem menedžmentu. Poleg tega sem v nalogi vseeno navedla tudi možnosti za njeno spreminjanje, da ozavestimo prvine in jih po potrebi uporabimo, saj je kultura organizacije spreminjajoč se socialni konstrukt. Organizational culture is the personality of an organization or company, reflected in the way employees behave, their beliefs, the ways in which they deal with challenges and adapt to change. It is partly visible externally, but much of it can remain hidden. Several authors argue that dealing with organisational culture is key to organization's progress and successful adaptation to societal needs. The purpose of my master thesis was to study the organisational culture of an NGO with several units and levels of management. The master's focuses on the organisational culture of the association and the company of which the association is the founder. The company employs people with experience of physical disabilities. In the theoretical part, the concepts necessary to understand the whole thesis are first introduced: NGO, association, company with disabilities and theories related to the elements of culture, after which I focus on organisational culture. I refer in particular to the typology of Cameron and Quinn, whose OCAI international questionnaire I also used in the empirical part for the purposes of quantitative research. The results show that the dominant organisational culture of the NGO is the clan culture, while the dominant corporate culture is that of control, followed by the clan culture with little difference. No major differences were observed between the different units and management levels in the NGO's organisational culture. Since according to the criteria for the analysis of the OCAI questionnaire it appeared that individuals do not want major changes, in this research I theoretically investigated the support for maintaining organisational culture, as this can also be a challenge in modern management. In addition, however, I have also indicated the possibilities for changing it in order to be aware of the elements and to apply them when necessary, as the culture of an organisation is a changing social construct.

Depopulation caused by emigration and negative natural growth is a feature of all societies and states in the post-Yugoslav space. Migration, as one of the causes of depopulation, results in problems in the fundamental issues of building a democratic society and state. The implications of depopulation are multiple on political processes, and important effects are visible in the elections in these societies. The subjects of analysis in this paper are different approaches to regulating the voting rights of emigrants in electoral processes in the political systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro. These countries are the best examples of three different models of regulation of electoral processes, and they are good examples of mechanisms and shortcomings for exercising the right of emigrants to vote. In this regard, the first open question is the number of eligible voters and the effective number of voters in these countries. In these three countries, we encounter out-of-date and insufficiently accurate voter lists, which are the product of poor administration and the constant change in the number of inhabitants, which is insufficiently monitored. Another important issue that we analyze is the voting right of emigrants, where we come across different models and (in) possibilities to use the right to vote. Through the analysis, we show different solutions and their implications on the election process. The analysis of different approaches in the regulation of the right to vote of emigrants shows a number of dilemmas in the basic exercise of the right to vote, and often discriminatory treatment of voters outside the country. The third level of analysis is the analysis of the overall participation of emigrants and their participation in political and electoral processes through electoral cycles that show trends in this area., Depopulacija prouzročena iseljavanjem stanovništva i negativnim prirodnim prirastom odlika je svih društava i država na postjugoslavenskom prostoru. Migracije, kao jedan od uzroka depopulacije, rezultiraju problemima u temeljnim pitanjima izgradnje demokratskog društva i države. Depopulacija ima višestruke učinke na političke procese koji su vidljivi i na izborima u navedenim društvima. Predmet analize u ovom radu su različiti pristupi uređenju biračkog prava iseljenika u izbornim procesima u političkim sustavima Bosne i Hercegovine, Srbije i Crne Gore. Navedene države predstavljaju najbolje primjere triju različitih modela regulacije izbornih procesa, a dobri su primjeri niza mehanizama i manjkavosti za ostvarivanje biračkog prava iseljenika. U tom pogledu, prvo otvoreno pitanje je raskorak između broja birača koji imaju pravo glasa i efektivnog broja birača u ovim zemljama. U sve tri države susrećemo neažurne i nedovoljno precizne popise birača koji su posljedica loše administracije i stalne promjene broja stanovnika koja se nedovoljno prati. Drugo važno pitanje koje analiziramo je biračko pravo iseljenika pri čemu nailazimo na različite modele i (ne)mogućnosti da se ostvari biračko pravo. Kroz analizu pokazujemo različita rješenja i njihove implikacije na izborni proces. Analiza različitih pristupa u regulaciji biračkog prava iseljenika pokazuje niz dilema u temeljnom ostvarivanju biračkog prava, a često i diskriminacijski odnos prema biračima izvan zemlje. Treća razina analize zahvaća ukupnu participaciju iseljenika i njihovog sudjelovanje u političkim i izbornim procesima kroz izborne cikluse.

Participativni proračun je demokratičen mehanizem, preko katerega je omogočena aktivna participacija občanov. Zasnovan je bil z namenom odpravljanja revščine v brazilskem mestu Porto Alegre, zdaj pa velja za enega od najučinkovitejših oblik neposredne demokracije. V Republiki Sloveniji je bil prvič uveden v Mestni občini Maribor. Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na participativni proračun in njegovo realizacijo v Mestni občini Koper. Temeljni cilj diplomskega je na podlagi analize participativnega proračuna Mestne občine Koper in s primerjavo participativnega proračuna v ostalih slovenskih občinah ugotoviti, ali je bila izvedba participativnega proračuna v Mestni občini Koper v letu 2020 uspešna. Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda literature predstaviti participativni proračun ter primerjati njegovo izvedbo v različnih slovenskih občinah. V prvem delu diplomskega dela so z deskriptivno metodo opredeljeni pojem participacije, participativni proračun, njegova zgodovina, uvedba v Republiki Sloveniji in pravna podlaga, dodana pa je tudi SWOT analiza participativnega proračuna. Teoretična izhodišča so uporabljena v empiričnem delu, kjer se na primeru analize participativnega proračuna Mestne občine Koper in s primerjavo participativnega proračuna v ostalih slovenskih občinah poskuša ugotoviti, ali je bila izvedba participativnega proračuna v Mestni občini Koper v letu 2020 uspešna in ali je bila participacija višja kot v ostalih slovenskih občinah. Diplomsko delo prispeva nova znanja o participativnem proračunu, primere dobre prakse in pozitivne dejavnike, ki pripomorejo k uspešni izvedbi participativnega proračuna. Uvedba participativnega proračuna je v Republiki Sloveniji še vedno novost, zato lahko ugotovitve služijo kot pomoč in prispevajo k lažji uvedbi in izvedbi participativnega proračuna v slovenskih občinah. Participative budgeting is a democratic mechanism, through which citizens can actively participate. It was designed to eliminate poverty in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Now it is one of the most effective forms of direct democracy. In the Republic of Slovenia, it was initially introduced in the Municipality of Maribor. The thesis focuses on participatory budgeting and its implementation in the Municipality of Koper. The core objective of the thesis is to determine whether the implementation of participatory budgeting in the Municipality of Koper in 2020 was successful, which is done by analysing it and comparing participatory budgeting in other Slovenian municipalities. The purpose of the thesis is to present participatory budgeting and compare its implementation in different Slovenian municipalities, both of which are based on a literature review. In the first part of the thesis, participatory budgeting, its history, introduction in the Republic of Slovenia and its legal basis are defined through the descriptive method, and a SWOT analysis is added too. Theoretical starting points are used in the empirical part of the paper where the example of the analysis of participatory budgeting in the Municipality of Koper is studied to establish whether the implementation of participatory budgeting was carried out successfully in the Municipality of Koper in 2002. This is also done by comparing participatory budgeting in other Slovenian municipalities. The thesis contributes new knowledge about participatory budgeting, examples of good practices and positive factors that contribute to the successful implementation of participatory budgeting. Participatory budgeting is a fairly new practice in the Republic of Slovenia, so the findings of this thesis can be used to facilitate the introduction and implementation of participatory budgeting in Slovenian municipalities.

Magistrska naloga se ukvarja s participacijo v arhitekturi. Naloga najprej razišče pojem participacije (v arhitekturi), predstavi njen pojav in ga kontekstualizira. Nato predstavi vrste participacije v arhitekturi glede na razporeditev moči, kar služi za prikaz priložnosti in pasti na primerih referenčnih projektov. Nadalje časovno kontekstualizira relevantnost participacije v arhitekturi in problematizira njeno navideznost. V izogib slednji predstavi model transformativne participacije v arhitekturi, ki ga nato neposredno aplicira in preizkusi na primeru idejne zasnove območja bivše podružnične šole Gabrk v Škofji Loki. Skozi apliciranje modela transformativne participacije na projektni del se s participativnimi aktivnostmi (skupinska in individualna participativna delavnica) določi širši okvir za zasnovo območja in prostorov za sobivanje, s poudarkom na novo- ustvarjenem prostoru, ki služi kot generator skupnosti in aktivator programsko/ideološko podhranjenega suburbanega življenja. Celoten proces pomeni neposredno izvajanje modela transformativne participacije v praksi, kar pomeni, da se vsak od korakov slednje zrcali v samem procesu načrtovanja projekta. Najprej se med lokalnimi prebivalci Škofje Loke izvede anketa, ki preverja prisotnost izbrane problematike, nato se z bodočimi prebivalci naredi participativna delavnica, kjer se določi programsko in deloma tudi prostorsko zasnovo samega objekta. Sledi še individualna participativna delavnica, kjer pa se soustvarja natančnejša tlorisna postavitev individualne enote. Naloga služi kot eksperiment, kjer se skozi celoten proces kažejo tako priložnosti kot tudi pasti participacije v arhitekturi, zato se v samem zaključku osredotočimo na odnos med načrtovalcem in uporabnikom ter vpliv dialektike slednjega na sam prostor, in proces skozi omenjeno prizmo reflektiramo. The present master’s thesis aims to examine participation in architecture. First, it tackles the origin and the concept of participation in architecture and its contextualization. Subsequently, the types of participation in architecture with respect to power asymmetries are presented. This serves as a basis to show the opportunities, pitfalls and myopias of participation by examples of reference projects in architecture. Moreover, it provides a temporal dimension of participation in architecture and problematizes the so-called false participation in architecture. To circumvent the latter, we present the model of transformative participation in architecture. In the next step, the model of transformative participation is applied in practice to the conceptual design of the area of the former branch school Gabrk in Škofja Loka. Applying the transformative participation model to the project part of the thesis allows us to recalibrate a broader framework for the design of the area and co-living spaces through participatory group and individual workshops. The newly created space serves as a community generator and is germane for activating the programmatically/ideologically underserved suburban life. Throughout the process, we put the transformative participation model directly into praxis, which means that each step of the model is reflected in the project planning. First, a survey was conducted among the residents of Škofja Loka, exploring the perplexity of the selected issue, and then a participatory workshop was held with the future residents. Herein, the program and partly also the spatial design of the building itself is determined. This is followed by an individual participatory workshop in which a more detailed floor plan for the individual units is co-designed. The thesis serves as an experiment, exposing the opportunities and pitfalls of participation in architecture as it unfolds throughout the process. The conclusion elucidates the relationship between the designer and the user and the influence of the dialectic of the latter on the space itself. Reflection is offered on the process through the aforementioned prism.

Na primjeru gradske četvrti Trešnjevka, kao relativno malom prostoru, moguće je iščitati različite i nerijetko kontradiktorne urbanističke procese i planerske prakse karakteristične za 20. stoljeće. U međuraću u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji Trešnjevka je istodobno industrijska četvrt i radnički slum izrastao na poljoprivrednom zemljištu bez osnovnih komunalija, ali i planirano naselje za niži srednji sloj. U socijalističkoj Hrvatskoj Trešnjevka je pak dobar primjer tzv. slum clearancea, odnosno modernističkih zasijecanja u izgrađeno supstandardno tkivo kojima se čisti prostor za suvremenu stanogradnju i urbanističko-arhitektonske ansamble za kulturu i obrazovanje, opskrbu i rekreaciju. U oba razdoblja stanovnici Trešnjevke aktivno participiraju u izgradnji svoje četvrti putem Komunalne organizacije južne periferije i Narodne fronte V. rajona. Razlika između dva razdoblja je višestruka sa stajališta same provedbe i brojnosti rezultata. Ono što im je zajedničko jest ista razina društvene i političke volje da bolji životni uvjeti radništva, u stalnom fokusu javnosti putem dnevnih tiskovina, postanu prioritet gradskih, a nakon rata i državnih politika. Posljednjih 30 godina svjedočimo reverzibilnim procesima maksimalne eksploatacije zemljišta zamjenom obiteljskih kuća višestambenim zgradama. Podređivanje kvalitete stanovanja profitu prati i izostanak planiranja prostora svakodnevnog življenja društvenim sadržajima. Evidentno je da sve navedene transformacije koincidiraju s promjenama društveno-političkog uređenja.

Evropska komisija za območja Natura 2000 priporoča izdelavo upravljavskih načrtov, ki vključujejo lokacijsko specifične cilje in na njih temelječe ukrepe ohranjanja narave. Da bi se izognili morebitnim poznejšim konfliktom, je treba v proces pravočasno in smiselno vključiti vse zainteresirane deležnike. V okviru projekta GoForMura sta bila kot vzorčni primer oblikovana upravljavska načrta za gozdni območji Natura 2000 na študijskih območjih Gornja Bistrica in Murska šuma v Prekmurju. Posebno težo v procesu nastajanja prvih tovrstnih dokumentov je imelo sodelovanje zainteresiranih deležnikov, še posebej lastnikov oz. upravljavcev gozdov. For Natura 2000 areas, the European Commission proposes the drafting of management plans that include site-specific objectives and conservation measures based thereon. In order to avoid potential subsequent conflicts, the process needs to involve all stakeholders early on and in a sensible manner. In the framework of the project GoForMura, management plans for the Natura 2000 forest sites in the study areas of Gornja Bistrica and Murska Šuma in the Prekmurje region were drafted as model plans. The participation of stakeholders, in particular forest owners and managers, was given special attention in the drafting of what were the first such documents.

Uporaba interneta in informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT) danes predstavlja nepogrešljiv del našega vsakdana. Uporabljamo ju za različne osebne in poslovne namene, resno delo ter zabavo. Pomembnost njunega obstoja se je dodatno izkazala v preteklih dveh letih, ko je svet zajela ena največjih zdravstvenih kriz, pandemija covida-19. Življenje se je za nekaj časa upočasnilo, omejitve gibanja so bile prisotne skoraj v vseh državah. V tem obdobju je predvsem »online« način življenja omogočal stike z najbližjimi, opravljanje službe, izobraževanje, predvsem pa poslovanje podjetij in delovanje javne uprave. Bolj so do izraza prišla tudi spletna orodja za informiranje, izvajanje participacije, demokracije in marsikje po svetu tudi internetnih volitev. Čeprav je bilo internetno glasovanje za različne oblike volitev do leta 2020 uporabljeno v le nekaj državah, gre za volilni mehanizem, ki se vse bolj raziskuje kot sredstvo, ki tistim volivcem, ki bi na dan volitev sicer težko prišli na volišče, olajša dostop do volitev. Prvi primeri internetnega glasovanja so bili tehnično manj izpopolnjeni od tistih, ki se uporabljajo in razvijajo v današnjem času. Slabe in dobre prakse se kažejo v številnih spremembah, ki jih je mogoče opaziti v sistemih internetnega glasovanja in se uvajajo z namenom izboljšanja kakovosti volitev ter izpopolnjevanja še nastajajočih praks tovrstne oblike oddaje glasov. Pri tem rezultati raziskav kažejo, da je za uspeh internetnega glasovanja ključno predvsem zaupanje volivcev. Potencial izvedbe bi pozitivno vplival tudi na izpolnjevanje trajnostnih ciljev prihodnosti.

Izložba studentskih radova ‘KVART ZA MENE / GRAD ZA MENE‘, rezultat je suradnje Arhitektonskog i Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Radovi su realizirani suradnjom studenata i voditelja na kolegiju "Radionica 3 - Urbanizam" (voditelj prof. emeritus Tihomir Jukić) na Diplomskom studiju Arhitektura i urbanizam (AF) i kolegiju "Održivi urbani razvoj - participativni pristup" (voditeljica izv. prof. Jana Vukić) na diplomskom studiju sociologije (FF). Uz voditelje u projektu su sudjelovali asistenti Kristina Perkov (AF) i Bruno Šimac (FF). Vrijeme brzih promjena karakterizira ekonomska i društvena tranzicija, velika stambena neorganizirana gradnja karakterizira i zapuštenost javnih prostora, kao i izostanak planiranja novih javnih prostora. Ova urbanističko/društvena radionica trebala je pokrenuti svijest o potrebi planiranja novih javnih prostora tzv. „prostori između“, kao i uređenju postojećih, bar na razini svake gradske četvrti/mjesnog odbora, a kako bi se stanovnici još bolje mogli identificirati s prostorom u kojem žive. Otvorenje izložbe održano je u auli Knjižnice Filozofskog fakulteta, u ponedjeljak 20. veljače 2023.

Cilj diplomske naloge je primerjati upravljanje mestnih gozdov v evropskih mestih, vključenih v projekt INTERREG URBforDAN. Primerjali smo naslednje značilnosti: površino mestnih gozdov, lastništvo mestnih gozdov, pomembne funkcije, conacijo mestnih gozdov, upravljanje, financiranje ter participacijo pri upravljanju mestnih gozdov. Analizirali smo sedem upravljavskih načrtov za mestne gozdove, ki so bili pripravljeni v okviru navedenega projekta. Ugotovili smo, da se velikost obravnavanih mestnih gozdov znatno razlikuje (od 40 do 2151 ha). Prevladuje javno lastništvo gozdov, izjema so mestni gozdovi Ljubljane, kjer znaša delež zasebnih gozdov 82,5 %. Vsi analizirani načrti obravnavajo različne ekosistemske storitve mestnih gozdov. Največ razlik med načrti je pri pomenu proizvodnje lesa. Obravnavani načrti vključujejo conacijo ekosistemskih storitev, povezanih z velikim javnim interesom. Conacija je temeljna orientacijska karta za deležnike gozdov, hkrati pa je pomemben pripomoček za upravljanje z gozdovi. V večini mest je v upravljanje vključenih več akterjev, med ključnimi so mestne občine in gozdarska stroka. Za doslej navedene značilnosti mestnih gozdov smo podatke pridobili iz upravljavskih načrtov, pri obravnavi participacije pri upravljanju mestnih gozdov pa smo v analizo vključili tudi operativne dele načrtov, saj upravljavski načrti participacije podrobneje ne opredeljujejo. V analiziranih operativnih delih načrtov je participacija deležnikov poudarjena v vseh mestih. The objective of the thesis is to compare the management of urban forests in European cities included in the INTERREG URBforDAN project. We compared the following characteristics: area of urban forests, ownership of urban forests, important functions of urban forests, management and financing, and participation in urban forest management. We analysed seven management plans for urban forests that were prepared under the project. We found that the size of the urban forests concerned varies considerably (from 40 to 2151 ha). Public ownership of forests dominates, with the exception of Ljubljana's urban forests, where the share of private forests totals 82.5%. All the analysed plans address different ecosystem services of urban forests. The most significant differences between the plans are in the importance of timber production. The plans under consideration include the zoning of ecosystem services of high public interest. The zoning presents the basic orientation map for forest stakeholders and an important tool for forest management. In most cities, several actors are involved in management, the key actors include municipality and forest management professionals. For the above characteristics of urban forests, we have obtained data from the management plans, but when considering participation in urban forest management, we have also included the operative parts of the management plans in the analysis, as the strategic plans do not define participation in detail. In the analysed operative parts of the plans, stakeholder participation is emphasised in all cities.

E-participacija in e-demokracija v moderni družbi pomenita velik potencial uresničevanja demokratičnih procesov, saj informacijsko komunikacijska tehnologija (IKT) predstavlja del življenja in delovanje take družbe. Ker lokalna samouprava predstavlja najtesnejši stik med prebivalstvom in upravljanjem države, so na tej ravni demokratični procesi še toliko bolj pomembni. Postavlja se torej vprašanje, na kakšen način v slovenskih občinah v okviru demokratičnih procesov izkoristiti potencial IKT in pri tem vključiti vse skupine prebivalstva. Izziva smo se lotili s pomočjo preučene teorije in nato empirične raziskave. Za dosego zastavljenih ciljev je bila uporabljena kvantitativna metoda raziskovanja in sicer anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil zastavljen občanom v treh izbranih slovenskih občinah v spletnem orodju 1KA in v fizični obliki. V diplomskem delu je bilo ugotovljeno, da občani vseh treh slovenskih občin nekako bolj stremijo k elektronskemu načinu sodelovanja s svojo občino v primerjavi s klasičnim - fizičnim. Delež tistih, ki si želijo klasičnega sodelovanja, pa vseeno ne zaostaja veliko. Veliko občanov je v anketnem vprašalniku izrazilo tudi mnenje, da bi si želeli boljšega sodelovanja z njihovo občino. Prikazani rezultati opravljene analize bi lahko bili v pomoč tako občini kot tudi občanom. Občini lahko delo predstavlja uvid v razmišljanje občanov o sodelovanju z njo, na kakšen način si želijo in kje vidijo možnosti boljšega sodelovanja. Z upoštevanjem mnenj občanov bi tako lahko pripravili načrte za medsebojno sodelovanje in projekte za boljšo prihodnost življenja v občini. E-participation and e-democracy in modern society mean potential in implementation of democratic processes, since information and communication technology (ICT) represents part of our lives and functioning of such society. Because local self-government represents the closest contact between the population and the governance of the country, the importance of the democratic processes on this level are even more important. So, the question is how to use the potential of ICT in Slovenian municipalities within the framework of democratic processes and also how to include all population groups. We tackled the challenge with the help of studied theory and then empirical research. To reach our set goal, we used a quantitative research method, which was a survey questionnaire that was given to citizens in three selected Slovenian municipalities in the online tool 1KA and in physical form on paper. In the degree paper it was established, that citizens of all three Slovenian municipalities prefer electronic way of cooperating with their municipality compared to the classic physical way. The share of those, who prefer classic cooperation, however, is not far behind. In the questionnaire, many citizens also expressed an opinion about wanting a better cooperation with their municipality. The displayed results and analysis could be of help to both the municipality itself and its citizens. The degree paper could represent an insight into citizens' thinking about cooperation with it, in what way they want and where do they see opportunities for better cooperation. By taking into account the opinions of the citizens, we could prepare plans for mutual cooperation and projects for a better future of life in the municipality.

Podoba mest se spreminja pod roko kapitala, ki usmerja in narekuje urbanizem mest in gradnjo novih objektov, brez vključevanja mestnih prebivalcev in zadovoljevanja njihovih potreb. Odprti prostori novih arhitekturnih posegov sledijo trendom oblikovanja, ki s principom – namenjeno je vsem – ustvarjajo monotone prostore, v katerih se prebivalci ne zadržujejo. To je glavna tematika strateških diskusij, ki pa v svoje razprave skoraj nikoli ne vključujejo avtonomnih prostorov. Če pa jih, gre navadno za to, da jih želijo podrediti sodobnim trendom oblikovanja. Avtonomni kulturni center Metelkova, do nedavnega edini preživeli avtonomni prostor v Sloveniji, obstaja zaradi horizontalnega samoiniciativnega delovanja skupnosti. Ta prostor ustvarja kreativno preko alternativne umetnosti, ki zajema vsak grajeni volumen in ploskev, je na voljo vsem in jasno nakazuje pomembnost participacije prebivalcev in uporabnikov prostora. Metelkova predstavlja izhodišče in navdih za raziskovanje principa oblikovanja prostora, ki z alternativno umetnostjo in skupnostnim načinom delovanja ustvarja t.i. organski urbanizem. Prostorske in likovne analize avtonomnega prostora so vzpostavile kriterije, ki so služili za nadaljni izbor in prostorske analize konvencionalnih prostorov v mestu. Le-ti se pojavljajo ob poteh grafitov, ki kot vrsta alternativne umetnosti izhajajo iz Metelkove. Naloga je organski in neorganski urbanizem primerjala na dva načina, najprej preko primerjave tipologij ambientov Metelkove in izbranih konvencionalnih prostorov, nato pa preko konkretne primerjave Metelkove s sosednjo muzejsko ploščadjo. Preučevanje avtonomnega prostora Metelkove je potrdilo visoko vrednost vključevanja prebivalcev in drugih uporabnikov v prostorske odločitve, kar jih spodbudi k uporabi njihovega prostora. Preučevanje razlik med oblikovanjem avtonomnega in običajnega mestnega prostora pa prav tako ponudi odgovor o umeščenosti Metelkove v polje enega ali drugega pojma. The appearance of cities is changing under the influence of capital, which directs and dictates urbanism and the proliferation of new buildings being built without involving the city’s inhabitants and meeting their needs. The open spaces of new architectural interventions are in line with design trends, which – through the principle of “for all residents” – create monotonous spaces where inhabitants do not linger. This is the main topic of strategic discussions. Yet, they never consider autonomous spaces, and in case they do, they usually tend to subordinate them to contemporary design trends. Metelkova, the only remaining autonomous space in Slovenia, continues to operate due to the horizontal self-initiated efforts of the community. The community generates creativity through alternative art encompassing every built volume and surface available to all and demonstrating the immense significance of residents’ and spatial users’ participation. Metelkova serves as a base point and a source for researching the principle of spatial design creating organic urbanism through alternative art and community engagement. Spatial and artistic analyses of autonomous space indicate criteria for the selection and spatial analysis of other urban spaces that emerge along the graffiti paths which stem from Metelkova as a type of alternative art. The comparison of organic and non organic urbanism – first through a comparison of the typologies of the ambiances of Metelkova and the selected urban spaces and then through a more concrete comparison of Metelkova with the adjacent museum platform – proves the high value of the involvement of inhabitants in spatial decisions, which encourages them to use their own space. However, the study of the differences between the spatial design of autonomous and open urban space also proposes an answer about the placement of Metelkova in the scope of either of these notions.

Staranje svetovnega prebivalstva je eden izmed večjih izzivov, s katerimi se bo moral svet spopasti v prihodnosti. Za reševanje tega problema je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) razvila koncept starosti prijaznih okolij, ki temelji na vključevanju starostnikov v procese odločanja pri oblikovanju družbenih in fizičnih okolij, ki bodo omogočala zdravo in aktivno staranje. Projekt TAAFE na osnovi tega koncepta razvije participativni model za razvoj starosti prijaznih okolij v alpskem prostoru. Oba projekta se pri opredelitvi starosti prijaznih okolij naslanjata na osem področji, ki jih je WHO določila kot ključne kazalnike kakovosti življenja starejših oseb. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri starostniki v Žireh sodelujejo na različnih področjih starosti prijaznih mest. The ageing of the world population is one of the significant challenges the world will have to face in the future. To tackle this problem, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has developed the concept of age-friendly environments based on the involvement of older people in decision-making processes in the design of social and physical environments that will enable healthy and active ageing. Based on this concept, the TAAFE project develops a participatory model developing age-friendly environments in the Alpine region. Both projects draw on the eight domains identified by the WHO as key indicators of the quality of life of older people. The thesis aims to determine to what extent older people in Žiri participate in the different domains of age-friendly cities.

Slika djeteta i djetinjstva različita je u svakoj kulturi i podložna je društvenim promjenama. Razvoj modernog društva koje se temelji na individualnosti, autonomiji i ljudskim pravima utjecao je na stvaranje moderne slike djeteta i djetinjstva koja djetetu pruža priliku i pravo na izražavanje i sudjelovanje, ostavljajući tradicionalnu sliku pasivnog i nerazvijenog djeteta po strani. Moderna percepcija djeteta i njegovih prava stvorila je proturječnosti koje udaljavaju praksu od dokumenata kojima se djeci omogućuje društvena uključenost i zaštita. Konvencija o pravima djeteta zalaže se za djetetovo pravo na društvenu aktivnost, koje može postići djelovanjem prema nekom društvenom cilju. Dok moderno roditeljstvo i društvo u cjelini još uvijek štiti dijete od društvene aktivnosti i sudjelovanja u rješavanju društvenih problema. Mnogi autori vjeruju i zalažu se za dječju participaciju, te navode pozitivne ishode, kao što su dječja samostalnost i kreativna rješenja za društvene probleme. Društvo pomalo smanjuje nesrazmjer između teorijske participacije i participacije djece u praksi, primjer su i neki hrvatski gradovi koji su uključili djecu u aktivnosti gradskog vijeća. Osim odraslih, korak prema vlastitoj samostalnosti i participaciji u društvu u kojem žive napravila su i sama djeca. Djeca poput Grete Thunberg i Malale Yousafzai, aktivizmom su odlučila pokazati što djeca žele, što im je bitno i koje je njihovo mjesto u društvu. Svojim djelovanjem i željom za promjenom predstavili su novu sliku djeteta i djetinjstva, napredniju i aktivniju od one koju su konstruirali odrasli, The image of a child and childhood is differet in every culture and is subject to social change. The development of modern society, based on individuality, autonomy and human rights has influenced the creation of the modern image of the child and childhood, which provides the child with the opportunity and right to express themself and to participate, leaving the traditional image of a passive and underdeveloped child aside. The modern perception of the child and his rights has created contradictions that distance the praxis from the documents that allow children social inclusion and protection. The Convention on the Rights of the Child advocates child's right to be socially active, through his action towards certain social aspirations. While modern parenting and society as a whole still protect the child from social activity and participation in solving social problems. Many authors believe in and advocate for children's participation, and share positive outcomes, such as children's independence and creative solutions to social problems. Society is gradually reducing the disparity between theoretical participation and children's participation in practice, an example are certain Croatian cities that have included children in the activities of the city council. In addition to adults, children themselves also took a step towards their own independence and participation in the society in which they live.Children, like Greta Thunberg and Malala Yousafzai, decided to show through their activism what children want, what is important to them and what is their place in the society. Through their actions and desire for change, they presented a new image of a child and childhood, more advanced and active than the one that was constructed by adults.

Mladi predstavljajo nezanemarljiv delež populacije, ki se »(ne)aktivno« odziva na aktualne izzive, ki neprestano trkajo na vrata celotne družbe. Čeprav mladi predstavljajo manjši del populacije, isti mladi predstavljajo vso prihodnost, ki je pred nami. V članku predstavimo osnovno statistiko o mladih in poskušamo izpostaviti, kako zelo so mladi pomembni za demokratično urejeno državo. Predstavljena je Strategija Evropske unije za mlade in cilji, ki sledijo iz tega dokumenta. Natančneje je predstavljen 9. cilj, ki je podlaga za spodbujanje aktivne participacije med mladimi v Evropski uniji. Nadalje izpostavimo vlogo mladih v javni upravi in njihov pomen za njeno delovanje.