Search

This four-module (12 hr) training course has been developed to share and disseminate key findings from the H2020 funded LIAISON project. It is designed for practitioners who are already involved in multi-actor projects or individuals who are interested in learning more about effective ways to work together in co-innovation projects. The course is designed over four three-hour sessions and includes a trainer’s guide, presentation materials, exercises, case studies and handouts.Supplementary information can be accessed from LIAISON toolbox here https://liaison2020.eu/; or by accessing the "LIAISON: Better Rural Innovation: Linking Actors, Instruments and Policies through Networks" community resources.

SI; International audience; Boosting the productivity of smallholder farming systems continues to be a major need in Africa. Challenges relating to how to improve irrigation are multi‐factor and multisectoral, and they involve a broad range of actors who must interact to reach decisions collectively. We provide a systematic reflection on findings from the research project EAU4Food, which adopted a transdisciplinary approach to irrigation for food security research in five case studies in Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, South Africa and Tunisia. The EAU4Food experiences emphasize that actual innovation at irrigated smallholder farm level remains limited without sufficient improvement of the enabling environment and taking note of the wider political economy environment. Most project partners felt at the end of the project that the transdisciplinary approach has indeed enriched the research process by providing different and multiple insights from actors outside the academic field. Local capacity to facilitate transdisciplinary research and engagement with practitioners was developed and could support the continuation and scaling up of the approach. Future projects may benefit from a longer time frame to allow for deeper exchange of lessons learned among different stakeholders and a dedicated effort to analyse possible improvements of the enabling environment from the beginning of the research process. © 2020 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage

Employers' associations, that is to say, those which rely on salaried employment to carry out their associative project, encounter difficulties linked to their context of intervention. In particular, the change in funding methods, the withdrawal of a funder, the delay in the payment of subsidies, or even competition with the actors of the Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS, below) and/or companies. In a context reserving unforeseen events, we wonder about the interest and the modalities for/through which an amplyer association could become agile, that is to say able to adapt to changes in its intervention context and mobilize the knowledge and skills of the various stakeholders in order to meet the needs of its users, through fundraising. Our doctoral research works in this direction. To this end, we have developed a model of the agile employer association, based on the case studied and the literature review mobilized (theories of organizations, SSE, associations and employer associations), showing that the implementation is based on democratic governance, a targeted associative strategy and participatory innovation. Obviously, to become agile, the emplyer association must follow a change management process to get employees to adhere to the desired changes and anchor the practices of change in its organizational routines.The model of the agile employer association constitutes the reading grid on which uesd to analyze the case of the employer association "Entreprendre Ensemble" (EEDK), which is located in a city undergoing industrial reconversion (Dunkirk, North, France). Through the literature review mobilized and our immersion in EEDK for three years, the objective of our empirical study is to arrive at a framework note which lists the desired changes, the expected objectives as well as the gains, the risks and the maturity level in terms of change management for each on the listed objectives; Les associations employeuses, c'est-à-dire, celles qui s'appuient sur l'emploi salarié pour réaliser leur projet associatif, rencontrent des difficultés liées à leur contexte d'intervention. Notamment, le changement des modes de financement, le retrait d'un financeur, le retard dans le paiement des subventions, ou encore, la concurrence avec les acteurs de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS, ci-après) et/ou les entreprises. Dans un contexte réservant des imprévus, nous nous interrogeons sur l'intérêt et les modalités pour/à travers le(s)quel(les) une association employeuse pourrait devenir agile, c'est-à-dire en capacité de s'adapter aux mutations de son contexte d'intervention et mobiliser les connaissances et compétences des différentes parties prenantes en vue de répondre aux besoins de ses usagers, à travers la collecte de fonds. Nos travaux de recherche doctorale vont dans ce sens. A cet effet, nous avons développé le modèle de l'association employeuse agile, en nous basant sur le cas étudié et la revue de littérature mobilisée (théorie des organisations, de l'ESS, des associations et des associations employeuses), montrant que la mise en oeuvre de celui-ci s'appuie sur une gouvernance démocratique, une stratégie associative ciblée et une innovation participative. Evidemment, pour devenir agile, l'association employeuse doit suivre une démarche de conduite du changement pour faire adhérer les salariés aux changements souhaités et ancrer les pratiques du changement dans ses routines organisationnelles. Le modèle de l'association employeuse agile constitue la grille de lecture sur laquelle nous nous sommes appuyés pour analyser le cas de l'association employeuse "Entreprendre Ensemble" (EEDK), qui se situe dans une ville en reconversion industrielle (Dunkerque, Nord, France). A travers la revue de littérature mobilisée et notre immersion dans EEDK pendant trois ans, l'objectif de notre étude empirique est d'aboutir à une note de cadrage qui liste les changements souhaités, les objectifs escomptés ainsi que les gains, les risques et le niveau de maturité en terme de conduite de changement pour chacun des objectifs listés.

This chapter analyses a case of participatory innovation attempting to challenge pre-existing processes of innovation and sustainable transition concerned with engineering systems of indoor climate innovation in the building sector. It addresses how designers’ stage and facilitate the exchange of knowledge across the worlds of engineers and users, and how particular intermediary objects such as narratives from field studies may reframe taken-for-granted assumptions in industrial innovation and research environments. The chapter discusses how a space for staging transition dialogues across knowledge and institutional boundaries may be staged and configured. A programmatic approach is outlined for engineers and social scientists, providing actionable guidelines and recommendations.Keywords: Temporary spaces, participatory innovation, indoor climate practices, transition design This chapter analyses a case of participatory innovation attempting to challenge pre-existing processes of innovation and sustainable transition concerned with engineering systems of indoor climate innovation in the building sector. It addresses how designers’ stage and facilitate the exchange of knowledge across the worlds of engineers and users, and how particular intermediary objects such as narratives from field studies may reframe taken-for-granted assumptions in industrial innovation and research environments. The chapter discusses how a space for staging transition dialogues across knowledge and institutional boundaries may be staged and configured. A programmatic approach is outlined for engineers and social scientists, providing actionable guidelines and recommendations.

Boosting the productivity of smallholder farming systems continues to be a major need in Africa. Challenges relating to how to improve irrigation are multi-factor and multisectora l, and they involve a broad range of actors who must interact to reach decisions collectively. We provide a systematic reflection on findings from the research project EAU4Food, which adopted a transdisciplinary approach to irrigation for food security research in five case studies in Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, South Africa and Tunisia. The EAU4Food experiences emphasize that actual innovation at irrigated smallholder farm level remains limited without sufficient improvement of the enabling environment and taking note of the wider political economy environment. Most project partners felt at the end of the project that the transdisciplinary approach has indeed enriched the research process by providing different and multiple insights from actors outside the academic field. Local capacity to facilitate transdisciplinary research and engag ement with practitio ners was developed and could support the continuation and scaling up of the approach. Future projects may benefit from a longer time frame to allow for deeper exchange of lessons learned among different stakeholders and a dedicated effort to analyse possible improvements of the enabling environment from the beginning of the research process.

Co-management is advocated as a means to improve human equity and the ecological sustainability of common-pool resources. The promotion of co-management of fisheries often assumes the participation of resource users in decision-making ensures more ecologically sustainable outcomes than top–down management approaches while improving livelihoods and food security. However, in fisheries co-management approaches, participation is often poorly defined and measured by co-management proponents. For resource users, it may not be clear what their participation in co-management entails, and what such participation might involve or achieve. For the fisheries of Lake Victoria (Kenya), the introduction of co-management established Beach Management Units (BMUs) on a model of participatory decision-making. Unsurprisingly, given global experiences of institutions for resource users’ participation in co-management, the structures established across Lake Victoria (Kenya) have not resulted in effective participation of fisher folk. We examine why this is so. Specifically, we examine the influence of institutions on fisher folks’ participation in co-management, using critical institutionalism to explain how participation of resource users is shaped by the relation between formal government institutions and informal social norms. We take four BMUs as case studies to investigate how historical administrative structures shape the development of co-management, how power relationships within co-management are negotiated at the local beach level and the fisher folks’ understanding of their participation in co-management. We document how informal institutions undermine and replace formal institutions at the local beach level, while formal institutions suppress and ignore informal ones at the national and regional levels. From this, we argue power sharing between the government and fisher folk is key for fisher folk participation in fisheries co-management, capable of addressing both social and ecological challenges facing fisheries management.

This paper explores the role of design in the context of shared decision making (SDM). Through a reflection of the terms ‘human centred design’ and ‘patient centred care’, the negotiation of human beings’ roles and experiences in both disciplines is highlighted. As a tool for reflection, this paper discusses a pilot study in SDM for breast cancer patients. The research shows that the systemic complexity of healthcare is well aligned to design’s contemporary positioning as a social, participatory endeavour linking people as design partners. The project suggests that the meeting of the two disciplines will profit the most if mutual learnings in methods, language and approaches are seen as part of the added project value and are given room in the design process. Design brief, process and team are three key matters which require alignment towards a more rounded understanding of patients as co-creating the meaning of a healthcare system. By evidence of this pilot study, we argue that design has the means to objectify healthcare obstacles and might thus add tangibility to critical debates on a systemic level.

BACKGROUND AND AIMThe aim of this project was therefore to develop a video-based mobile rehabilitation system and integrate the ability to collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the solution. The goal was to increase patient involvement, gain knowledge of adherence to exercise and pain fluctuations and improve the quality of care.METHODSDigital platforms A virtual rehabilitation system consisting of two platforms was developed. One platform was web-based and designed to meet the demands of healthcare professionals (selection of exercises and defining exerciseprogression etc.), while the other platform (app) was developed to support home-based or on-the-fly access to the tailored rehabilitation program and to support more extensive user interaction. User involvementPatients and healthcare professionals participated in the development of bothplatforms through co-creation workshops, interviews and think aloud sessions. This agile development process was chosen to ensure ongoing user feedback but also to meet the demands of the users and facilitate the implementation.PRO integrationThe use of validated and self-developed questionnaires is necessary to improve quality in care. Patients can interact with the app and complete questionnaires, report exercise related pain and monitor their adherence to training.APPLICATIONHealthcare professionals and patients can access the collected information. Healthcare professionals can use the information to achieve cross-sectoral transparency and in any follow-up dialogue while patients can use the information to track and monitor their progress. A systematic collection ofhealth data also provides evidence for the effect of rehabilitation and can be used in research. BACKGROUND AND AIMThe aim of this project was therefore to develop a video-based mobile rehabilitation system and integrate the ability to collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the solution. The goal was to increase patient involvement, gain knowledge of adherence to exercise and pain fluctuations and improve the quality of care.METHODSDigital platforms A virtual rehabilitation system consisting of two platforms was developed. One platform was web-based and designed to meet the demands of healthcare professionals (selection of exercises and defining exerciseprogression etc.), while the other platform (app) was developed to support home-based or on-the-fly access to the tailored rehabilitation program and to support more extensive user interaction.User involvementPatients and healthcare professionals participated in the development of bothplatforms through co-creation workshops, interviews and think aloud sessions. This agile development process was chosen to ensure ongoing user feedback but also to meet the demands of the users and facilitate the implementation.PRO integration The use of validated and self-developed questionnaires is necessary to improve quality in care. Patients can interact with the app and complete questionnaires, report exercise related pain and monitor their adherence to training.APPLICATIONHealthcare professionals and patients can access the collected information. Healthcare professionals can use the information to achieve cross-sectoral transparency and in any follow-up dialogue while patients can use the information to track and monitor their progress. A systematic collection ofhealth data also provides evidence for the effect of rehabilitation and can be used in research.

This paper explores the role of design in the context of shared decision making (SDM). Through a reflection of the terms 'human centred design' and 'patient centred care', the negotiation of human beings' roles and experiences in both disciplines is highlighted. As a tool for reflection, this paper discusses a pilot study in SDM for breast cancer patients. The research shows that the systemic complexity of healthcare is well aligned to design's contemporary positioning as a social, participatory endeavour linking people as design partners. The project suggests that the meeting of the two disciplines will profit the most if mutual learnings in methods, language and approaches are seen as part of the added project value and are given room in the design process. Design brief, process and team are three key matters which require alignment towards a more rounded understanding of patients as co-creating the meaning of a healthcare system. By evidence of this pilot study, we argue that design has the means to objectify healthcare obstacles and might thus add tangibility to critical debates on a systemic level.

Building on participatory innovation, and taking a personal and analytical autoethnographic approach we set out to investigate how innovative initiatives emerge in the interaction of multiple stakeholders across different organizations. As researchers, we are interested in understanding the lived experience of the lead author, as an inquiry into how new initiatives across organizations are shaped in the interaction between different stakeholders across field sites and organizational levels. The project evolved as a cross-institutional initiative; bridging health-care and engineering education, and while the lead author was initially involved as design consultant, his engagement later resulted in the initiation of cross-disciplinary collaboration between two different local institutions. This paper is thus an attempt to investigate how emerging organizational initiatives and multi-stakeholder innovation become enabling to recognize and act upon emerging opportunities; through active personal involvement and by the use of an autoethnographic research approach. The aim of the paper is to address the following research questions: How does the involvement of multiplestakeholders across different field sites and levels enable or constrain the emergence of innovation? And how can autoethnography, as a method, enable us to navigate within the sensemaking process in thefield of participatory innovation? The contribution of the paper is grounded in the analysis of real encounters across multiple field sites, and provides insight into how the themes of trust and power are crucial in understanding how new meaning evolves as a result of local interactions and on-going negotiations between multiple stakeholders. Our goal is to discuss how innovation can be understood, not only as a process leading to a tangible andcommercial outcome, but as a dialogical process of relationships, emerging in the interactions of different stakeholders. With autoethnography we have achieved a deeper level of insight into such process, which challenges traditional notions of innovation and ethnography.

This paper addresses recent developments within the social shaping perspective, specifically the forward-looking and political dimensions of intervening in processes of innovation. With a focus on the concept of 'temporary spaces’ as an analytical framework we present a study of a case on participatory innovation concerned with indoor climate practices in the building sector. Based on an analysis of the travel and uptake of narratives derived from field studies in industrial and research environments, we discuss the role of intermediaries such as ethnographic provocations concerning user practices in the staging of these temporary spaces. While the direct uptake of qualitative knowledge on user practice in the engineering worlds of indoor climate is limited, the paper highlights the role of staging temporary spaces and intermediary objects in collaboration with stakeholders as a way of reframing conceptions of indoor climate practices.

Design researchers have an important role to play when engaged with user-driven design projects in industry. Design researchers can craft ethnographic material to facilitate transfers of user-knowledge to industry, and demonstrate how this material can be used in the design of new products and services. However, ethnographic findings can reveal issues that are at tension with conceptions of the project members from industry. Other than brushing these tensions aside, we propose provotyping (provocative prototyping) as an approach to constructively build on them as a resource for change. Provotypes are ethnographically rooted, technically working, robust artefacts that deliberately challenge stakeholder conceptions by reifying and exposing tensions that surround a field of organizational interest. The daily and local experience of provotypes aim to stir dialectical processes of reflection on how conceptions currently are, and fuel the front end of a development process by speculating how conceptions could be different. In this article we start by making explicit the relation between provotypes, practices of critical design and organizational sense-making. We then illustrate through a multi-stakeholder project that concerned the field of indoor climate how provotypes facilitate transfers of user knowledge to industry, and how they contribute to the development of new products and services. We end by framing the role of the design researcher and discuss the politics that are inherent to design provocations.

Participatory processes of innovation occur in moments of conflict and reconciliation across stakeholders’ voices. As such, participating in these processes presumes that stakeholders have an awareness of the products and identity of the ‘stakes’ they represent – and that they are able to articulate these. In this paper I present how critical artefacts can be directed at stakeholders from industry, as a tool to support and provoke articulated reflections on organizational identity and products. Based on experiences from a project that brought together five industrial organizations that all delivered indoor climate related products or services, I propose that critical artefacts benefit articulated introspections on organizational products and identity when these artefacts are technically feasible yet not in accordance to core company principles or norms.

We present and reflect upon the role that ‘provotypes’ played in a design research project aimed at understanding differing perceptions of indoor climate environments. Research issues focus on the potential of participatory innovation within a wider system of building components and controls that determine indoor climate. A central issue in relating perceptions and experiences of indoor climate to wider structures and systems is finding ways of supporting company, university partners and users to imagine possibilities instead of certainties in terms of innovation potential. Whereas, researchers and industry partners working in the field of indoor climate emphasize identifiable, measurable, parameters of comfort and focus their efforts on engineering products and systems based upon behavioural models, as researchers interested in the notion of participatory innovation, we engage with the improvisatory capacity of people involved in the course of their everyday activities as a resource of possibilities. Our aim thus is to explore how differing perceptions of environment, play with and against each other during collaborative practices of designing indoor climate systems and products. This involves opening up pathways within wider structures and systems for improvisation, at the same time finding ways of negotiating openness and closure with materials. How then do design materials support partial understandings of indoor climate between researchers, users and company partners in situated contexts of learning? What role do design materials play in helping researchers and users make sense of the intangible qualities of perceiving indoor climate? and How do partial understandings and sense making gained through material investigations build a relation between practices of designing and using?

Interaction design expands into new fields. Interaction design and business model innovation is a promising meeting of disciplines: Many businesses see the need to rethink their ways of doing business, and, as business models pose highly dynamic and interactive problems, interaction design has much to offer. This paper compares ‘tangible business models’ in the form of pinball-like contraptions, designed by interaction design students with those developed by groups of professionals around concrete business issues. We will show how the interactive models encourage business people to play with hypotheses and experiment with scenarios as a way of innovating their business models, and why this is so.

Central to multi-stakeholder processes of participatory innovation is to generate knowledge about 'users' and to identify business opportunities accordingly. In these processes of collaborative analysis and synthesis, conflicting perceptions within and about a field of interest are likely to surface. Instead of the natural tendency to avoid these tensions, we demonstrate how tensions can be utilized by embodying them in provocative types (provotypes). Provotypes expose and embody tensions that surround a field of interest to support collaborative analysis and collaborative design explorations across stakeholders. In this paper we map how provotyping contributes to four related areas of contemporary Interaction Design practice. Through a case study that brings together stakeholders from the field of indoor climate, we provide characteristics of design provocations and design guidelines for provotypes for participatory innovation.

The key element in participatory innovation is to understand innovation as asocial problem solving process between different stakeholders. The socialdynamics amongst stakeholders are fundamental to the participatory processand outcome, and it’s therefore beneficial for facilitators and stakeholdersthemselves to understand their relations and what it means to participate. Weargue that we can grasp these social dynamics of participatory innovationthrough play. From a management perspective we study how playing gameshelps us to understand these dynamics, while from an interaction designperspective we study how a game that addresses these dynamics can bedesigned. We describe a case of a game, designed for the ParticipatoryInnovation Conference of 2011 in Sønderborg, Denmark. The game wasparticularly designed around the themes of conflict and interdependence,captured by the dilemma of co-opetition where individual and group goals areconflicting. Drawing on observations and video data of the game being playedby the participants of the conference, we study how different groupcompositions deal with novelty. From here we explain how the process of playcan help to grasp the social dynamics of participatory innovation, and outlinedesign strategies to do this.

In this paper we describe how ongoing work with ethnographic material in a participatory innovation sets the scene for innovation to happen. We elaborate on how actionable formats of ethnographic material have been mediated to industrial partners with a stake in an innovation project. We illustrate how the stakeholders engaged in activities such as sense-making, co-analysis, and cross-comparison of the ethnographic materials, and the specification and mapping of innovation opportunities. We argue that these activities served to establish a shared understanding and ownership of the participatory research, design material.

In this paper I revisit the provotyping approach and apply itin a participatory innovation setting. Through a case study withinthe field of indoor climate I describe the implications for the approach when itbecomes part of a participatory innovation process, next to the opportunities itcreates.

From the article : "In this paper the implications of different research approaches and methods are illustrated by using two projects of the authors. Both projects take place in the same context: exploring participatory innovation within Small-to-Medium sized Enterprizes (SMEs). The main aspects coming forward when comparing the research characteristics of both projects are the importance of time and momentum, the structural set up of the project, people or participants and the abilities of the people involved. The research goal and the background of the researcher are main determinants for the chosen research methods. We hope with this paper to make researchers aware of the implications of the research methods and approach on the results of the project."

From the article : "In this paper the implications of different research approaches and methods are illustrated by using two projects of the authors. Both projects take place in the same context: exploring participatory innovation within Small-to-Medium sized Enterprizes (SMEs). The main aspects coming forward when comparing the research characteristics of both projects are the importance of time and momentum, the structural set up of the project, people or participants and the abilities of the people involved. The research goal and the background of the researcher are main determinants for the chosen research methods. We hope with this paper to make researchers aware of the implications of the research methods and approach on the results of the project."

In predicting areas of growth, public innovation projects may rely on optimistic visions of technology still in development as a way of ensuring novelty for funding. This paper explores what happens when forecasts of robotic technology meets the practice of sterile supply in a preliminary stage of an ongoing project. We examine the nature of participation in design on three levels: in the sterilization ward, this particular project and society in general. From our case, we suggest that while innovation projects proceeding from a certain technologicalperspective can succeed at building excitement, the most sustainable innovation stems from the dialogical interaction between practitioner foresight and societalforecasting, requiring continued development of participatory design as it moves into new contexts.