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Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves are proven to contain flavonoids especially quercetin and showed a significant antinociceptive effect at acetic acid-induced wriggling. Modification of passionfruit leaf extract into nanoparticles can provide therapeutic effects precisely, quickly, and optimally. This study aimed to provide the method of preparation, and characterization of nanoherbal passionfruit leaves (NPL) and evaluate its safety profiles and analgesic effect. NPL was synthesized using ionic gelation methods, with 3 formula variations. Passionfruit leaf extract was dissolved using mixed solvents. The passionfruit leaves extract solution was suspended in Chitosan and dripped with sodium tripolyphosphate solution until nanoparticle formation. The characterization of the NPL study was evaluated by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug release, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The safety profiles of NPL were then assessed in mice by acute and subchronic toxicity using OECD methods. The effectiveness of NPL as an analgesic was tested using an acetic acid test (visceral pain) in mice. We found the particle size of the NPL's best formula (F2-NPL) obtained was 187.6 nm with polydispersity index 0.626 and zeta potential +31.2 mV. The entrapment efficiency of flavonoid content in NPL was 50.9 % and the flavonoid release for 3 h with 3 replications were 22.91, 27.88 and 25.27 % respectively. The morphology of the particles by TEM showed that the nanoparticles were circular shape. Safety evaluation in mice resulted in the LD50 of NPL being greater than 5000 mg/kg in the acute toxicity study and had no adverse effects on blood, liver, and renal profiles in the subchronic toxicity study. The NPL-200 group had better effectiveness as an analgesic (84.87 %) compared to NPL-50 (37.80 %) and NPL-100 (69.15 %). This finding indicates that the NPL is a safe and effective formula for enhancing analgesic effects. Thus, enables its applications for the treatment of various diseases related to analgesics and inflammation such as osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryopreservation of pollen stands out as a significant strategy in conserving species diversity, serving as a tool for genetic enhancement. This study investigated crucial factors for pollen cryopreservation, revealing unprecedented results linked to dehydration conditions and periods, encompassing peculiarities of the evaluated species. Data on the cryopreservation of wild passion fruit species are presented, outlining an innovative and efficient protocol to influence future research on pollen cryopreservation, reinforcing genetic improvement, and establishing a cryobank for pollen from wild species of the genus. Pollen grains from eight Passiflora species were evaluated, subjected to dehydration in a desiccator with silica gel and an oven at 35 °C at intervals of 0, 20, 40, or 60 min. The dehydrated material was subsequently cryopreserved for 24 h, followed by in vitro germination tests and measurements of pollen tube length to determine the optimal dehydration time for each species. Furthermore, controlled pollination was performed using pollen cryopreserved for 24 h. This pollen exhibited germination rates ranging from 71% (P. edmundoi) to 28% (P. misera), while fresh pollen showed germination rates from 89% (P. edmundoi) to 37% (P. organensis). Field tests involving controlled pollination using cryopreserved pollen resulted in fruiting rates from 50% (P. edmundoi) to 40% (P. gibertii), producing seeds with germination percentages ranging from 67 to 99%. These in vitro and in vivo results highlight the effectiveness of cryopreservation as a technique to conserve sets of haploid genes within the cryogenic bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed extract is a valuable source of antioxidants with anti-aging potential, but extraction efficiency varies according to the method used. This study focused on determining the optimum yield of passion fruit seed extracts by percolation with n-hexane and ethanol, following regulations such as NTE INEN and Codex Alimentarius. Standardized methods were applied to analyze parameters such as moisture (UNE-EN 14774-3, 2010), ash (Sluiter et al., 2005); free acidity (ac. oleic acidity)/acidity index (NTE INEN 38, 1973), relative density (NTE INEN 35, 1973), loss on heating (NTE INEN 39, 1973), iodine index (NTE INEN 37, 1973), peroxide index (NTE INEN 277,1978), extract yield, fatty acid profile (AOAC 996.06, 2005). Ethanol showed superior performance in most of the parameters, meeting the established standards, except for relative density and heating loss, where n-hexane was more efficient. In conclusion, the use of ethanol is more beneficial for the extraction of passion fruit seed extracts by percolation, based on the yield obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical Application Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is widely used to preserve fresh fruits. In the case of exporting products in bulk formats (2–5 kg), perforated MAP can help extend shelf life if appropriately configured to reach suitable gas levels. This study evaluated the configuration of a perforated MAP system for purple passion (Passiflora edulis Sims) fruits based on modeling and simulation of changes in gas levels within the package headspace and experimental data on the respiration and transpiration of the fruits. For this evaluation, perforation‐mediated multilayer bags made of polyamide and low‐density polyethylene were adjusted to preserve 2 kg of purple passion fruits. The number of perforations made in the bags was predefined by performing predictive calculations to reach favorable gas levels in the packaging headspace. Subsequently, storage tests were conducted at the laboratory level (6 and 17 ± 1°C) and then at the pilot level (6 ± 2 and 17 ± 3°C), obtaining steady molar fractions of O2 of 0.122–0.128 and CO2 of 0.098–0.100 and shelf life of 36 days for the fruits packaged at 6°C. Additionally, the accumulated weight loss of the fruits was monitored, obtaining values close to those previously modeled. The pre‐configuration of the perforations resulted in suitable O2 and CO2 levels in the MAP, achieving up to 36 days of shelf life at 6°C and 24 days at 17°C. Likewise, moisture permeation through the bags resulted in low condensation with fruit weight losses of 4.8% at 6°C after 55 days in the pilot test.This study evaluated using perforated PA/LDPE multilayer bulk bags (2 kg) to preserve purple passion fruits. The package was preconfigured (with a predefined number of perforations necessary to achieve favorable levels of O2, CO2, and humidity) and was compared against a commercial factory‐made perforated package. By performing predictive calculations to define a suitable number of perforations, it was possible to regulate the respiration and transpiration of the packaged fruit to increase its shelf life under controlled and real conditions. This approach can be extended to any bulk‐packaged fruit, and it can help select, design, and develop breathable packages that prevent decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining seed vigour during the storage process is essential for the success of germplasm banks of sexually propagated species such as Passiflora edulis. However, the literature is still scarce regarding efficient preservation methods, especially for long periods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed processing methods, types of packaging and storage conditions of Passiflora edulis seeds for a period of five years. Different seed processing methods (natural fermentation and use of a mixer), packaging (Falcon tubes, plastic bags and paper bags), storage temperatures (room temperature, cold chamber and refrigerator) and evaluation times (one, three and five years) were analysed. Seeds stored in a refrigerator and cold chamber maintained high germination (>90%) for up to five years. However, seeds stored at room temperature reduced their viability after one year of storage. No significant variations were observed between the seed processing and packaging methods evaluated. Absence of respiratory activity was confirmed by the tetrazolium test performed on seeds stored for five years at room temperature. To maintain the vigour of P. edulis seeds, it is recommended to store them in a cold room or refrigerator in different packaging and using different methods for seed extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In our previous research, microporous packaging combined with chitosan active coating (MP-CH) treatment extended the shelf life of passion fruit at 25 °C to 12 days by regulating water loss and physiological metabolism. However, proteomic investigation and metabolic changes in passion fruit by MP-CH treatment are unclear. In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC‒MS/MS) was used to monitor the metabolic changes in passion fruit treated with the MP-CH group and the control group. A total of 730 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Compared with the control group stored for 12 days, there were 359 DEPs in the MP-CH group, including 179 upregulated proteins and 180 downregulated proteins. The upregulated DEPs were mainly involved in the processes of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis, anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthesis, aspartate family amino acid biosynthesis, and regulation of protein stability. The downregulated DEPs were mainly involved in oxaloacetate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, organic substance metabolism, cellular lipid metabolism, pectin catabolism, and galacturonan metabolism. Results showed that the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the MP-CH group was upregulated, which could enhance the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of passion fruit. In addition, the expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes was downregulated, which could delay the degradation of cell wall components and maintain the relative stability of its cell wall structure, making for a further extended shelf life of passion fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study sequentially extracted five cell wall polysaccharides from passion fruit peels using water, cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetate (CDTA), Na2CO3, and NaOH at varying concentrations. The composition, structure, and physical properties of these polysaccharides were investigated. The results demonstrated that water-extracted polysaccharides yielded the highest content, accounting for 9.04% of the dry weight of the peel's alcohol-insoluble residue. This was followed by polysaccharides extracted with 4 mol/L NaOH (8.15%), 0.05 mol/L CDTA (7.38%), 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3 (5.36%), and 1 mol/L NaOH (3.89%). Water-extracted and 0.05 mol/L CDTA-extracted polysaccharides were dominated by homogalacturonan, with molecular weights of 198.46 kDa and 73.67 kDa, respectively. The 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3-extracted polysaccharides had a high percentage of rhamnogalacturonan (53.47%) and the most negligible molecular weight (30.29 kDa). The polysaccharides extracted with 1 mol/L NaOH and 4 mol/L NaOH were hemicellulosic in nature, primarily composed of xylose, glucose, mannose, and galactose. All polysaccharides exhibited shear-thinning flow behaviors in aqueous solutions. The 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3-extracted polysaccharides showed the highest apparent viscosity and demonstrated elastic behavior, with the elastic modulus G' exceeding the viscous modulus G". The water-extracted polysaccharides and the 0.05 mol/L CDTA-extracted polysaccharides exhibited a gel-to-sol transition at angular frequencies near 1.10 and 0.43 rad/s, respectively. The 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3-extracted polysaccharides displayed relatively excellent emulsifying ability and emulsion stability. Hemicellulosic polysaccharides exhibited lower viscosity and higher thermal stability. Thus, passion fruit peels contained abundant cell wall polysaccharides, with different polysaccharides showing varied potential for emulsification and food texture improvement. This study provides valuable insights for the in- depth development of the extraction and use of peel polysaccharide fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Journal of Plant Pathology discusses the complete genome sequence of the endophytic Bacillus subtilis GUCC4, a potential biocontrol agent for managing Nigrospora pathogens that cause leaf blight disease in passion fruit. The study highlights the strain's inhibitory effects on N. sphaerica, its biocontrol determinants such as amylase and protease, and its capacity to synthesize secondary metabolites with antifungal properties. The genome annotation reveals 4,446 protein-coding genes and 14 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, emphasizing GUCC4's potential as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for plant disease management. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of blending passion fruit peel extract (PFPE) with polydopamine (PDA) solution and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to prepare the properties of PFPE/PDA/HPMC composite films for their application in fruit and vegetable packaging. PFPE was extracted by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method, which is simple, easy to operate and has high extraction efficiency, PFPE and dopamine were subjected to PFPE/PDA solution preparation, which in turn led to the preparation of HPMC, PFPE/PDA/HPMC films at different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), and 10% PDA/HPMC and PFPE/HPMC films were prepared with PDA and PFPE solutions, respectively. The interactions between the components in the films were analysed by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometer, and the colour, mechanical properties, barrier properties and antioxidant activity of the films were determined. The results showed that the addition of PFPE/PDA solution had a positive effect on the performance of the films. The tensile strength of the composite films was 8.21 MPa, the elongation at break was 85.02% and the water vapour transmission was 2.62 × 10−14 g·mm/(cm2·h·Pa) when the content of PFPE/PDA was 20% compared to that of HPMC films; the DPPH radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the films increased with the increase of PFPE/PDA concentration, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the film with 20% additive was 28.71% and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 34.77%, which were much higher than that of the HPMC film. The simulated bananas were stored at room temperature together with the films and stored at 25°C and tested every day, and it was found that the bananas without packaging film began to show browning on the third day, while the film with 20% additive still did not show obvious browning on the fifth day, so the addition of PFPE/PDA could effectively delay the browning of bananas and prolong their shelf life. In summary, this study improves the use value of passion fruit peel waste and provides new effective packaging for fresh bananas, while it can also provide a new way for the development of degradable films from plant extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt stress results in physiological changes that inhibit plant growth and development. Ca-complex sources are used as a potential salt stress attenuator. This study was carried out with the aim of verifying the effects of Ca-complex sources in reducing the effects of saline water stress on the physiological aspects of sour passion fruit seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, consisting of two cultivars of sour passion fruit (BRS GA1 and BRS SC1), two levels of water salinity (electrical conductivity of 0.5 and 4.0 dS m−1) and three sources of Ca-complex (without, organic acids and amino acids). The traits measured at 60 days after sowing were gas exchange, chlorophyll indices, chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, and relative water content in the leaf limb. Under moderate water salinity, the application of Ca-complex in amino acids promoted increases of 49.84% and 43.71%, respectively, in the efficiency of water use and carboxylation. The application of complex sources increased the stability of cell membranes, reducing electrolyte leakage, providing higher relative water content in seedlings irrigated with moderately saline water. From the results, we conclude that Ca-complex sources have potential as modulators of moderately saline water stress in sour passion fruit seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid – AsA on the production and postharvest quality of sour passion fruit under deficit irrigation strategies. The experimental design was randomised blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with plots consisting of six strategies of irrigation with water deficit, based on crop evapotranspiration – ETc (irrigation with 100% ETc during the entire cycle – S1; irrigation with 50% ETc in the different stages: vegetative – S2; flowering – S3; fruiting – S4; and successively in the vegetative/flowering stages – S5; and vegetative/fruiting stages – S6) and three concentrations of AsA (0, 88.06 and 176.12 mg/L), with three replicates and three plants per plot. Water deficit reduces the production of sour passion fruit, regardless of the phenological stage of the plants without AsA application. Irrigation with water deficit in the flowering stage (50% of crop evapotranspiration) reduces the physical and chemical quality of sour passion fruits. Ascorbic acid in applied levels was effective in alleviating the effects of water deficit on production, with emphasis on the concentration of 176.12 mg/L on the quality of sour passion fruits, in the period from 160 to 220 days after transplanting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis has a pivotal role in the effective control and prevention of disease in fruit crops. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a prominent modality for disease diagnosis owing to its rapid detection, heightened sensitivity, exceptional specificity and easy operational procedures. The advent of LAMP‐coupled CRISPR‐Cas12, multiplex LAMP (mLAMP) and digital LAMP (dLAMP) has contributed to a paradigm shift in the field and increased the applicability of LAMP technology in viral disease detection. Such advancements have further extended the reach and efficacy of LAMP methodologies in diagnostic research. Here, we review LAMP detection technology application to identify viral diseases in fruits (e.g., apple, passion fruit, banana and citrus) and summarize current developments in LAMP technology and its future prospects, which could enhance its application in the detection of fruit viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Progress in passion fruit virus research has identified infections caused by Potyvirus, Begomovirus and other viruses, as well as genome sequences of major viruses such as PaVY, TeMV and BYMV, using molecular biology techniques. The transmission, infection cycle, and pathogenesis of these viruses have been elucidated. Virus control strategies include the use of resistant species, RNA interference, physical barriers, and chemotherapy. The focus of this review is on the impact of viruses on fruit quality, the importance of control measures for yield and quality, and the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. Passiflora edulis, also known as passion fruit, is celebrated for its rich nutritional content, distinctive flavour, and significant medicinal benefits. At present, viral diseases pose a major challenge to the passion fruit industry, affecting both the production and quality of the fruit. These diseases impede the sustainable and healthy growth of the passion fruit sector. In recent years, with the expansion of P. edulis cultivation areas, virus mutations, and advances in virus detection technology, an increasing number of virus species infecting P. edulis have been discovered. To date, more than 40 different virus species have been identified; however, there are different strains within the same virus. This poses a challenge for the control and prevention of P. edulis virus disease. Therefore, this review discusses the different types of viruses and their characteristics, modes of transmission, and effects on the growth of the passion fruit plant, as well as the mechanisms of virus generation and preventive measures, with the hope that these discussions will provide a comprehensive understanding of and countermeasures for viruses in passion fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated for the first time the potential of orange passion fruit as a base for alcoholic and acetic fermentations, with a view to assessing its profile of organic acids and polyphenols, in vitro digestion, and biological activities. RESULTS: In terms of aliphatic organic acids, malic acid was the majority in the wine (3.19 g L−1), while in the vinegar, it was acetic acid (46.84 g L−1). 3,4‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4‐DHB) was the major phenolic compound in the wine and vinegar samples (3443.93 and 2980.00 μg L−1, respectively). After the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation stage, the wine showed high bioaccessibility for the compounds sinipaldehyde (82.97%) and 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4‐DHBA, 81.27%), while the vinegar exhibited high bioaccessibility for sinipaldehyde (89.39%). Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that 3,4‐DHB was highly concentrated in the different digested fractions obtained from the wine. In contrast, in the vinegar, the stability of isorahmenetin and Quercetin 3‐o‐rhamnoside was observed during the in vitro digestion simulation. Lastly, the vinegar stood out for its inhibition rates of α‐amylase (23.93%), α‐glucoside (18.34%), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (10.92%). In addition, the vinegar had an inhibitory effect on the pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSION: Orange passion fruit has proved to be a promising raw material for the development of fermented beverages. Therefore, this study provides an unprecedented perspective on the use and valorization of orange passion fruit, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge about fermented products and the associated nutritional and functional possibilities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salinity restricts the growth of irrigated fruit crops in semi-arid areas, making it crucial to find ways to reduce salt stress. One effective strategy is using eliciting substances like ascorbic acid. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of application methods and concentrations of ascorbic acid on the morphophysiology and production of sour passion fruit irrigated with saline water. The experiment was organized using a factorial randomized block design (3 × 3 × 2) with three application methods (soaking, spraying, and soaking and spraying), three concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 0.8, and 1.6 mM) and two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water—ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m−1). Foliar spraying of ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.8 mM mitigated the effects of salt stress on the relative water content of leaves, the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and total production of sour passion fruit when irrigated with ECw of 3.8 dS m−1. Plants grown with water of 0.8 dS m−1 and under foliar application of 0.8 mM of ascorbic acid achieved the maximum growth in stem diameter and the greatest volume of pulp in the fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yellow (Passiflora edulis) and sweet (Passiflora alata) passion fruit plants hold significant economic importance in tropical fruit cultivation, valued not only for the quality of their fruit but also for their medicinal properties. Conventional propagation through seeds faces challenges due to irregular and slow germination, affecting the time required for seedling formation and the viability and uniformity of plantations. The use of plant growth regulators has been explored as a strategy to overcome these barriers, improving both the rate and uniformity of seed germination. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seed imbibition with plant growth regulators on the germination and subsequent growth of yellow and sweet passion fruit seedlings. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and GA4+7 combined with 6-benzyladenine (GA4+7+6BA) were applied in five different concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1 a.i.). The experiments were conducted in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions, following a completely randomized design with a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The varieties tested were 'BRS Mel do Cerrado' for sweet passion fruit and 'IAC-275' for yellow passion fruit. Quantitative parameters, such as germination percentage, germination speed index, fresh and dry biomass of roots and shoots, and enzymatic activity, were assessed. The results indicated that GA3, at higher concentrations, significantly enhanced both germination percentage and speed index in both Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis when compared to the control. Additionally, seedlings treated with GA3 showed a marked increase in shoot and root biomass, particularly at concentrations of 500 and 750 mg L−1. Enzymatic assays revealed heightened catalase and peroxidase activities in treated seedlings, indicating improved stress tolerance. In contrast, the GA4+7+6BA treatment showed less pronounced effects on seedling growth. Overall, GA3 was more effective in enhancing germination and seedling growth in both species, suggesting its potential application in improving the propagation of passion fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are bioactive compounds that have gained a lot of attention for their potential applications in agriculture. However, the exploration of RLs in passion fruit plants remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the role of RLs in passion fruit plants growth and defense responses. Firstly, the results demonstrated that RLs act as plant growth regulators, significantly enhancing the survival rate and root system development of passion fruit seedlings propagated by cutting. Further analyses suggested that RLs may enhance photosynthetic capacity and modulate the accumulation of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) in passion fruit cuttings, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Additionally, this study revealed that RLs effectively reduced susceptibility to viral pathogen telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) in passion fruit plants compared to distilled water-pretreated controls, resulting in alleviated disease symptoms. Significant up-regulation of antioxidative enzyme activities and reducing substances were observed in RL's-pretreated plants upon TeMV-inoculation compared to distilled water-pretreated ones. Moreover, RLs were found to promote other defense-related signaling pathways upon TeMV-inoculation in passion fruit plants, including salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and expression levels of defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related gene (PR3), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), transcription factors (TFs) WRKY and NAC. Collectively, these findings underscored the positive roles played by RLs both in promoting growth and eliciting defense responses within passion fruit plants. These results provided valuable insights for designing environment-friendly management strategies for cutting propagation as well as prevention and control measures against viral diseases in passion fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the diseases that affect passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), fruit woodiness is considered the most economically important viral disease of the crop, causing great production losses worldwide. This study was developed to estimate the genetic parameters for resistance and agronomic performance, using the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Unbiased Linear Prediction) procedure; and compare predicted genetic gains for resistance and agronomic traits, using five selection-index approaches, to determine the most appropriate method for reliably selecting superior genotypes for a new cycle of recurrent selection aimed at effectively increasing the concentration of favorable alleles in the population. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in a randomized block design consisting of 90 full-sib families (constituting the C0 population of recurrent selection), involving three replicates with three plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated: mean area under the disease progress curve, number of fruits per plant, total production per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, pulp weight, mesocarp thickness, soluble solids content, and pulp yield. Simultaneous selection of superior genotypes was carried out by the selection index approach using the Mulamba and Mock rank-sum index; the additive index; the multiplicative index; the mean rank index adapted from Mulamba and Mock; and the combined selection index. The additive index was the most consistent for the combined selection of the 36 genotypes for the evaluated traits, especially resistance, showing that these genotypes have high genetic potential to form the next population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Telosma mosaic virus (TelMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) is an emerging viral pathogen that threatens passion fruit plantations worldwide. However, an efficient strategy for controlling such a virus is not yet available. Cross protection is a phenomenon in which pre‐infection of a plant with one mild strain prevents or delays subsequent infection by the same or closely related virus. HC‐Pro is the potyviral encoded multifunctional protein involved in several steps of viral infection, including multiplication, movement, transmission and RNA silencing suppression. In this study, we tested whether it is possible to generate attenuated viral strains capable of conferring protection against severe TelMV infection by manipulating the HC‐Pro gene. RESULTS: By introducing point mutation into the conserved motif FRNK of HC‐Pro that is essential for RNA silencing suppression, we have successfully obtained three attenuated mutants of TelMV (R181K, R181D, and R181E, respectively). These attenuated TelMV mutants could systemically infect passion fruit plants without noticeable symptoms. Pre‐inoculation of one of these attenuated mutants confers efficient protection against subsequent infection by severe TelMV strain. Moreover, we demonstrated that the HC‐Pros harbored by the attenuated mutants exhibit reduced RNA silencing suppression activity in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. CONCLUSION: The attenuated TelMV mutants developed in this study that are suitable for cross protection offer a practical, powerful tool to fight against TelMV for sustainable passion fruit production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the quality characteristics of fermented passion fruit wine, this study used high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose technology and sensory evaluation methods to determine its organic acid content, amino acid content, volatile substances and sensory properties. The results showed that passion fruit wine had the highest citric acid content and a total free amino acid content of 22.08 mg/100 g after alcoholic fermentation. The color intensity of the samples was significantly (P1) were ethyl butyrate, phenethyl alcohol and ethyl caproate. In summary, the flavor of passion fruit wine fermented by yeast was quite different from that of the original fruit juice, and the aroma of fruit wine was richer.

To improve the nutritional and functional quality of agro-industrial waste, his study established a ternary mixture of flours made from pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit waste using the simplex-centroid design, as well as to evaluate their effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible ice cream. Using mixture planning, nine ternary flour components were applied to edible ice cream formulations to evaluate acceptance scores for taste, texture, and overall impression attributes, as well as physicochemical parameters (pH, acidity, soluble solids, and color parameters) and microbiological parameters (thermotolerant coliforms at 45 °C, Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella). The simplex-centroid design demonstrated that the cubic model best predicts the results for the analyzed sensory attributes. The response surface graphs indicated the area of greatest acceptance in the formulations with the maximum percentage established for the flour with acerola waste. The highest level of acceptability was given to the ternary mixture of 60%, 30%, and 10% pineapple, passion fruit, and acerola flours, respectively. The results indicated that sorbet enriched with flour composed of the ternary mixture is a product with the potential for exploitation, as well as contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts generated by the large and improper disposal of agro-industrial fruit processing residues in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified and monitored the population fluctuations of insect vectors of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in experimental orchards in the North and Northwest Regions of the State of Paraná. The experiments were conducted in the cities of Londrina and Paranavaí at the Experimental Research Stations of the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná-IAPAR-EMATER (IDR-Paraná), Brazil. The study period was from September 2019 to March 2021. In the experiments conducted in Londrina and in Paranavaí, yellow passion fruit plants were grown in trellis systems. Moericke traps were used to capture insects, and collections were performed weekly. Aphids were identified using a taxonomic identification key. The numbers of aphids present in each region were compared, and the populations were correlated with the climate and local precipitation. A total of 1522 and 1340 winged aphids were observed in the experiments in Londrina and Paranavaí, respectively. In Londrina, moderate positive correlations were observed between the number of insects and the maximum and average temperatures, while negative correlations were observed between the number of insects and the minimum temperature and precipitation. In contrast, in Paranavaí, the correlation between aphids and abiotic factors was negative, where maximum temperature was strongly correlated. In both regions, the following seven species of aphid vectors of CABMV were detected: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Toxoptera citricida, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brevicoryne brassicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Uroleucon ambrosiae. The population fluctuations of these species were influenced by variations in temperature and precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Invertases (INVs) are key enzymes in sugar metabolism, cleaving sucrose into glucose and fructose and playing an important role in plant development and the stress response, however, the INV gene family in passion fruit has not been systematically reported. Results In this study, a total of 16 PeINV genes were identified from the passion fruit genome and named according to their subcellular location and chromosome position. These include six cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes, two vacuolar invertase (VINV) genes, and eight neutral/alkaline invertase (N/AINV) genes. The gene structures, phylogenetic tree, and cis-acting elements of PeINV gene family were predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results showed that the upstream promoter region of the PeINV genes contained various response elements; particularly, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV5, PeN/AINV6, PeN/AINV7, and PeN/AINV8 had more response elements. Additionally, the expression profiles of PeINV genes under different abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold temperature, and high temperature) indicated that PeCWINV5, PeCWINV6, PeVINV1, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV6, and PeN/AINV7 responded significantly to these abiotic stresses, which was consistent with cis-acting element prediction results. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are main soluble components in passion fruit pulp. The contents of total soluble sugar, hexoses, and sweetness index increased significantly at early stages during fruit ripening. Transcriptome data showed that with an increase in fruit development and maturity, the expression levels of PeCWINV2, PeCWINV5, and PeN/AINV3 exhibited an up-regulated trend, especially for PeCWINV5 which showed highest abundance, this correlated with the accumulation of soluble sugar and sweetness index. Transient overexpression results demonstrated that the contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose increased in the pulp of PeCWINV5 overexpressing fruit. It is speculated that this cell wall invertase gene, PeCWINV5, may play an important role in sucrose unloading and hexose accumulation. Conclusion In this study, we systematically identified INV genes in passion fruit for the first time and further investigated their physicochemical properties, evolution, and expression patterns. Furthermore, we screened out a key candidate gene involved in hexose accumulation. This study lays a foundation for further study on INV genes and will be beneficial on the genetic improvement of passion fruit breeding.

To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) against the Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing fruit rot on postharvest passions, the changes of L. theobromae mycelial growth, conductivity, malonaldehyde content, intracellular materials leakage, contents of cell membrane and cell wall components, adenosine triphosphatase activity, propidium iodide staining, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were determined after being treated with ε-PL, and the inhibition effects of ε-PL on L. theobromae-induced fruit rot of harvested passion fruits were studied. In vitro assay showed that ε-PL inhibited the mycelial growth of L. theobromae, and the inhibitory effects increased with increasing ε-PL concentration. The optimal inhibitory concentration of ε-PL was 10 mg/mL. Additionally, ε-PL might increase the conductivity and malondialdehyde content, promote the leakage of intercellular nucleic acid and protein, decrease the contents of ergosterol, total lipids and chitin, reduce the activity of adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, ε-PL also changed the mycelial morphology of L. theobromae, resulting in the mycelial distortion, and lowered the number of methylene, methyl, hydroxyl and carbon-oxygen bonds in mycelium of L. theobromae. Furthermore, ε-PL could suppress the L. theobromae-induced fruit rot development of harvested passion fruits. Therefore, ε-PL could display the antifungal activity on L. theobromae through destroying the structure of cell membrane and cell wall, promoting the leakage of intracellular materials, disordering the energy metabolism, and destroying the structure of biological macromolecules.

Abstract Background The calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins play regulatory roles in plant growth and development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and other biological processes. As a popular fruit and ornamental crop, it is important to explore the regulatory mechanism of flower and fruit development of passion fruit. Results In this study, 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were identified from passion fruit genome and were divided into 9 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The structural analysis, including conserved motifs, gene structure and homologous modeling, illustrates that the PeCaM/PeCML in the same subgroup have relative conserved structural features. Collinearity analysis suggested that the expansion of the CaM/CML gene family likely took place mainly by segmental duplication, and the whole genome replication events were closely related with the rapid expansion of the gene group. PeCaM/PeCMLs were potentially required for different floral tissues development. Significantly, PeCML26 had extremely high expression levels during ovule and fruit development compared with other PeCML genes, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. The co-presence of various cis-elements associated with growth and development, hormone responsiveness, and stress responsiveness in the promoter regions of these PeCaM/PeCMLs might contribute to their diverse regulatory roles. Furthermore, PeCaM/PeCMLs were also induced by various abiotic stresses. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the CaM/CML gene family and valuable clues for future studies on the function and evolution of CaM/CML genes in passion fruit. Conclusion A total of 32 PeCaM/PeCML genes were divided into 9 groups. The PeCaM/PeCML genes showed differential expression patterns in floral tissues at different development stages. It is worth noting that PeCML26, which is highly homologous to AtCaM2, not only interacts with multiple BBR-BPC TFs, but also has high expression levels during ovule and fruit development, suggesting that PeCML26 had potential functions involved in the development of passion fruit flowers and fruits. This research lays the foundation for future investigations and validation of the potential function of PeCaM/PeCML genes in the growth and development of passion fruit.

In order to increase the kinds of jelly and improve the added value of Phyllanthus emblica L. and passion fruit, using P. emblica L. and passion fruit as main raw materials, sensory score, color and texture properties as indicators, the effects of the added amount of passion fruit juice, compound gum and erythritol on the quality of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit were explored by single factor experiments. On this basis, taking sensory score as the response value, the formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the best formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was as follows: The added amount of passion fruit juice was 19%, the added amount of compound gum was 2.0% (the mass ratio of curdlan gum, konjac gum and xanthan gum was 30:3:7), and the added amount of erythritol was 26.8%. The compound jelly prepared under these conditions was orange in color, lustrous, delicate in taste, with the characteristic flavors of P. emblica L. and passion fruit being outstanding and harmonious. It tasted sweet and sour, with long sweet aftertaste, and the hardness, elasticity and chewiness were moderate. Its overall acceptability was very good, and its sensory score was 8.65 points. This study could provide a reference for the development of low-sugar compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit without adding flavor, pigment and sucrose.

AbstractUltrastructural changes and visual symptoms resulting from nutritional disorders involving boron, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel depend on the species of the plant, and are unknown in passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims). A hydroponic experiment evaluated the symptoms of nickel addition and micronutrient deficiency in passion fruit seedlings “BRS Gigante Amarelo” and determined the micronutrient contents in leaf and root tissue, root development, ultrastructural changes (leaf tissue deformations) and dry matter accumulation when visual symptoms were observed. Results showed that the order of manifestation of deficiencies was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Mo > B. Nickel toxicity appeared 40 days after the experiment was started, presenting chlorosis in the new leaves followed by general yellowing and some white parts. Boron omission of resulted in deformations in the leaf limbus and loss of apical dominance, showing deformation of the growth points. Mn omission caused reduction of growth and generalized chlorosis of young leaves with a thick reticulum. Iron omission of resulted in internerval chlorosis with a fine lattice appearance. Omission of zinc and copper resulted in deformation and elongation of the leaves, reducing height and root development. Molybdenum omission caused chlorosis in the older leaves, which was observed to spread over time. Iron was the nutrient that most reflected symptoms of deficiency by the formation of root hairs. The findings of this research suggest that the knowledgement of plant micronutrients status permits an understanding of the physiological responses of passion fruit plants to crop fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Passiflora edulis Sims (2n = 18) is a perennial plant with high utilization values, but its spontaneous polyploidy in nature has yet to be seen. Thus, this study aims to enhance our understanding of polyploidy P. edulis and provide rudimentary knowledge for breeding new cultivars. In this study, colchicine-induced tetraploid P. edulis (2n = 36) was used as experimental material (T1, T2, and T3) to explore the variances between it and its diploid counterpart in morphology, physiology, and biochemical characteristics, and a comparison of their performance under cold stress was conducted. We measured and collected data on phenotype parameters, chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, osmotic substances, and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that tetraploid P. edulis exhibited a shorter phenotype, more giant leaves, darker leaf color, and longer and fewer roots. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical analysis indicated that the tetraploid P. edulis had better photosynthesis systems and higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the diploid P. edulis. Additionally, the tetraploid P. edulis had higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and lower MDA content to maintain better resistance in low temperatures. Overall, we conclude that there were apparent differences in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the tetraploid and diploid P. edulis. The tetraploid plants showed better photosynthesis systems, higher osmotic substance content, and antioxidant enzyme activity than the diploid, even under cold stress. Our results suggest that tetraploids with more abundant phenotype variation and better physiological and biochemical traits may be used as a new genetic germplasm resource for producing new P. edulis cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passion fruit is a valued tropical fruit crop that faces environment-related growth strains. TCP genes are important for both growth modulation and stress prevention in plants. Herein, we systematically analyzed the TCP gene family in passion fruit, recognizing 30 members. Genes exhibiting closer phylogenetic relationships exhibited similar protein and gene structures. Gene members of the TCP family showed developmental-stage- or tissue-specific expression profiles during the passion fruit life cycle. Transcriptome data also demonstrated that many PeTCPs showed induced expression in response to hormonal treatments and cold, heat, and salt stress. Based on transcriptomics data, eight candidate genes were chosen for preferential gene expression confirmation under cold stress conditions. The qRT-PCR assays suggested PeTCP15/16/17/19/23 upregulation, while PeTCP1/11/25 downregulation after cold stress. Additionally, TCP19/20/29/30 exhibited in silico binding with cold-stress-related miRNA319s. GFP subcellular localization assays exhibited PeTCP19/1 were localized at the nucleus. This study will aid in the establishment of novel germplasm, as well as the further investigation of the roles of PeTCPs and their cold stress resistance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe use of organic nutrient regimes is regarded as holistic and ecological approach for agricultural sustainability. It offers improved soil health, increased crop growth and enhanced fruit quality, whilst minimizing costs and sustaining the use of natural resources. The present investigation was conducted over two consecutive seasons, viz. 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Mizoram University, Aizawl, India to study the effect of different combinations of organic manures along with consortium of biofertilizers on leaf and soil characteristics of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The investigation comprises of fourteen treatments of various combinations of organic manures along with consortium of biofertilizers, viz. farmyard Manure (FYM) vermicompost (VC) pig manure (PIM), poultry manure (POM), Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and vesicular arbascular mycorrhiza (VAM). The results demonstrated that the use of organic amendments in combination with biofertilizers enhanced leaf nutrient status as well soil properties in the passion fruit orchard. Among the different treatment combinations used in the investigation, POM + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB + VAM was the most efficient in improving the leaf and soil nutrient status of passion fruit. This consortium may achieve high microbial load, high nutrient availability for soil which results in better growth of the crop. This treatment may therefore be recommended as an alternative option to meet the demand for long term maintenance of soil fertility as well agro-ecosystem conservation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Invertases (INVs) are key enzymes in sugar metabolism, cleaving sucrose into glucose and fructose and playing an important role in plant development and the stress response, however, the INV gene family in passion fruit has not been systematically reported. Results: In this study, a total of 16 PeINV genes were identified from the passion fruit genome and named according to their subcellular location and chromosome position. These include six cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes, two vacuolar invertase (VINV) genes, and eight neutral/alkaline invertase (N/AINV) genes. The gene structures, phylogenetic tree, and cis-acting elements of PeINV gene family were predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results showed that the upstream promoter region of the PeINV genes contained various response elements; particularly, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV5, PeN/AINV6, PeN/AINV7, and PeN/AINV8 had more response elements. Additionally, the expression profiles of PeINV genes under different abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold temperature, and high temperature) indicated that PeCWINV5, PeCWINV6, PeVINV1, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV6, and PeN/AINV7 responded significantly to these abiotic stresses, which was consistent with cis-acting element prediction results. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are main soluble components in passion fruit pulp. The contents of total soluble sugar, hexoses, and sweetness index increased significantly at early stages during fruit ripening. Transcriptome data showed that with an increase in fruit development and maturity, the expression levels of PeCWINV2, PeCWINV5, and PeN/AINV3 exhibited an up-regulated trend, especially for PeCWINV5 which showed highest abundance, this correlated with the accumulation of soluble sugar and sweetness index. Transient overexpression results demonstrated that the contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose increased in the pulp of PeCWINV5 overexpressing fruit. It is speculated that this cell wall invertase gene, PeCWINV5, may play an important role in sucrose unloading and hexose accumulation. Conclusion: In this study, we systematically identified INV genes in passion fruit for the first time and further investigated their physicochemical properties, evolution, and expression patterns. Furthermore, we screened out a key candidate gene involved in hexose accumulation. This study lays a foundation for further study on INV genes and will be beneficial on the genetic improvement of passion fruit breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating Trichoderma asperellum in the control of Fusarium sp. in genotypes of Passifloras, to reduce the wilt in the neck of the stem in Santo Domingo. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was implemented for this purpose, with three treatments, T1: Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa), T2: Cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) and T3: Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis), evaluating the variables: mortality percentage %, tolerance to fusarium %, days to affectation (days), number of diseased plants per week (plt/wk), incubation period of the fungus (days), disease severity (%). The results show that the passion fruit genotype (T2) showed total tolerance to the disease (100%), that is, all passion fruit plants treated with T. asperellum resisted infection by Fusarium sp. The severity of the Passifloras genotypes treated with T. asperellum to control Fusarium sp. was significant (p<0.05), and at the end of the trial (week 6), severe wilt was observed in the Granadilla, while in the Maracuya a significant improvement was obtained, almost returning to the absence of symptoms, with respect to the Cholupa an improvement in symptoms was obtained, returning to moderate wilt. The genotype Granadilla (T1), presented the highest percentage of mortality, reaching 5%, followed by Cholupa (T3), with an intermediate percentage of mortality, around 3.33% and finally, Maracuya (T2), which did not register mortality in this treatment, therefore, the best treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of this study was to analyze the formulation of red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq), koja bay leaves (Murraya koenigii L Spreng), and passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) to improve lipid profile, antioxidant activity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and lipase enzyme activity of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: This study was an in vivo and pre-post experimental study, starting with analyzing flavonoid of the three extract ingredients, then tested by giving it to rats for 14 days and ending with induction administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for two days. This pre-post study on animals involved 36 rats divided into 6 groups. At the end of the study, termination and examination of malondialdehyde, lipid profile, glucose, BDNF, lipase enzyme activity and histopathological examination were carried out. Results: The study results showed that there were significant values in several parameters, which were body weight, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity especially in the group of rats given LPS and the group with high calories-fat-protein. This study showed that there were significant differences in body weight, LDL levels, and LDL/HDL ratio in each group of rats, especially in the group given the formulation of the three extract ingredients, the significant dose showed in 300mg/kg body weight (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The formulation of red palm oil, koja bay leaves, and passion fruit seeds showed significant reduction in LDL levels, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some species of the genus Passiflora have leaf morphological adaptations that grow to influence the development of the plant in producing areas. Hence, the objective of this work is to quantify and characterize the leaf anatomy of passion fruit species distributed in the South American region, which can become an important strategy in the selection of species more adapted to the environment where they will be grown. This work evaluates the abaxial and adaxial cuticle thickness (ABCT and ADCT), abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness (ABET and ADET), xylem diameter (XD), phloem diameter (PD), and thickness of the palisade parenchyma (TPP), of the species Passiflora quadrangularis L., Passiflora foetida L., Passiflora edulis Sims, Passiflora gibertii N.E Brown, Passiflora coccinea Aubl, Passiflora alata Curtis, Passiflora tenuifila Killip, Passiflora caerulea L., and Passiflora cincinnata Mast. Passion fruit species present differences in leaf anatomy, which may influence the plant's development. The species Passiflora quadrangularis L. showed a greater thickness of cuticles, epidermis, conducting vessels, and palisade parenchyma. The species Passiflora edulis has higher density and stomatal functionality. All Passiflora species formed druses on their leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature and frost damage in winter pose a major threat to the production of passion fruit in Fujian Province. Determining the suitability regionalization of cultivation is important. This research combined the methods of historical disaster inversion, orchard positioning observations, and geographical displacement experiments to conduct the regionalization research. Fifty-two samples of passion fruit cold and freezing disasters were obtained, and mathematical statistical methods were used to establish frost damage grade indicators of the main varieties of passion fruit based on the daily extreme minimum temperature (Tmin). The frost damage grade index of Passion Fruit No. 1 and No. 3 was divided into four grades: mild, moderate, severe, and most severe. Verifying the disaster samples taken from the literature and the results of artificial climate chamber disaster experiments, the accuracy rate was 81.8%, so the grade index is of practical significance. According to the results of risk regionalization of cold and freezing injury of the main varieties of passion fruit, the regions with no or mild cold and freezing injury were mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian Province, which is thus the region with the lowest risk of cold and freezing injury for planting passion fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is loved for its delicious flavor and nutritious juice. Although studies have delved into the cultivation and enhancement of passion fruit varieties, the underlying factors contributing to the fruit's appealing aroma remain unclear. Methods: This study analyzed the full-length transcriptomes of two passion fruit cultivars with different flavor profiles: "Tainong 1" (TN1), known for its superior fruit flavor, and "Guihan 1" (GH1), noted for its strong environmental resilience but lackluster taste. Utilizing PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq technologies, we discovered terpene synthase (TPS) genes implicated in fruit ripening that may help explain the flavor disparities. Results: We generated 15,913 isoforms, with N50 lengths of 1,500 and 1,648 bp, and mean lengths of 1,319 and 1,463 bp for TN1 and GH1, respectively. Transcript and isoform lengths ranged from a maximum of 7,779 bp to a minimum of 200 and 209 bp. We identified 14,822 putative coding DNA sequences (CDSs) averaging 1,063 bp, classified 1,007 transcription factors (TFs) into 84 families. Additionally, differential expression analysis of ripening fruit from both cultivars revealed 314 upregulated and 43 downregulated unigenes in TN1 compared to GH1. The top 10 significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that TN1's upregulated genes were primarily involved in nutrient transport, whereas GH1's up-regulated genes were associated with resistance mechanisms. Meanwhile, 17 PeTPS genes were identified in P. edulis and 13 of them were TPS-b members. A comparative analysis when compared PeTPS with AtTPS highlighted an expansion of the PeTPS-b subfamily in P. edulis, suggesting a role in its fruit flavor profile. Conclusion: Our findings explain that the formation of fruit flavor is attributed to the upregulation of essential genes in synthetic pathway, in particular the expansion of TPS-b subfamily involved in terpenoid synthesis. This finding will also provide a foundational genetic basis for understanding the nuanced flavor differences in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The WRKY gene family is an important class of transcription factors in higher plants that play key roles in secondary metabolism, phytohormone signaling, plant defense responses, and abiotic stress responses. The WRKY gene family has not been systematically studied in Passiflora edulis, a tropical fruit with edible and medicinal values. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of passion fruit and identified 58 candidate PeWRKY genes distributed unevenly on nine chromosomes of passion fruit. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses showed that members of the PeWRKY gene family could be categorized into three groups: class I (9), class II (40), and class III (9). Promoter and target gene prediction analyses indicated that the PeWRKY gene may be involved in various biological processes, including growth and development, metabolism, hormones, and stress responses, by regulating multiple target genes. The Ka/Ks ratios of PeWRKY indicated that PeWRKY may have undergone strong purification selection in the passion fruit genome. Tissue expression analysis showed that the PeWRKY gene was expressed in different tissues of Passiflora edulis, where the number and expression of the PeWRKY gene were more significant in the roots. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the relative expression of all 10 candidate PeWRKY genes was significantly up-regulated in leaf tissues after 48 h of drought stress compared with the control, and only PeWRKY55 and PeWRKY30 genes were down-regulated. In addition, at the time of biotic stress treatment up to 24 h, most PeWRKY genes were up-regulated after treatment, except the PeWRKY40 gene, which showed down-regulation. Three genes, PeWRKY02, PeWRKY30 and PeWRKY58, showed significant up-regulation of their expression after treatment up to 48 h. This study provides a valuable reference for the functional characterization of WRKY genes in passion fruit and other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable oils show a strong potential as renewable resources for developing new monomers and polymers. Unsaturated fatty acids offer opportunities for chemical modifications such as epoxidation and acrylation. In parallel, the rise of additive manufacturing, particularly 3D printing by stereolithography process, provides a green approach for the fabrication of polymeric materials with diverse architectures and shapes for various fields, including biomedical, electronics, and aerospace. This work reports the synthesis and application of a novel 3D printable, renewable biomass-derived monomer obtained from passion fruit vegetable oil. We comprehensively assessed its conversion under different monomeric mixtures containing type 1 or type 2 photoinitiators under ultraviolet and blue irradiations. The mixture containing type 1 photoinitiator demonstrated superior performance under UV light and was further characterized for its suitability as a 3D printing resin. Subsequent investigations revealed that a photoinitiator concentration as low as 0.5 wt.% suffices for effective 3D printing. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing this passion fruit vegetable oil-derived, renewable monomer for additive manufacturing of bio-based polymers while minimizing the dependence on photoinitiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of the research was to determine the impact of fortification with polyphenolic compounds on (i) sensory attractiveness (global satisfaction, appearance, colour, odour, flavour, sweetness, bitterness), (ii) content of polyphenols and colour (L*, a*, b*) after the baking process and (iii) their bioactive potential (antioxidants activity and inhibiting of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme). Fortification was made with extracts of polyphenolic compounds of selected plant raw materials rich in polyphenols from quince (fruits), tilia (flowers), pomegranate (skin), passion fruit (endocarp), sour cherries (leaves), haskap and chokeberry (berries), silver skin (coffee beans), rosehip (seeds). Depending on the nature of the polyphenol extract, flavan-3-ols (monomeric and polymeric), phenolic acid, flavonols and anthocyanins were identified in the product in amounts ranging from 53.7 to 212.6 mg/100 g DM. Cookies' colour (L*, a*, b*) depended on the type of polyphenol extract used for fortification. Cookies with haskap, chokeberry and sour cherry presented the highest antioxidant potential. Cookies with chokeberry, haskap and rosehip presented high activity in inhibiting α-amylase (65.5, 60.6 and 62.2% of inhibition, respectively), but cookies with haskap, silver skin and quince in inhibiting α-glucosidase activity (23.0, 20.4 and 21.4% of inhibition, respectively). In the sensory evaluation, the most attractive were cookies with rosehip and pomegranate (6.3 and 5.8 score, respectively), but the lowest ratings were given to cookies with passion fruit and silver skin but especially quince cookies, which obtained the lowest desirability (3.7 score). The acceptability of fortified cookies was determined to the least extent by monomeric flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids (in minus in odour/flavour, bitterness, sweetness and global satisfaction), but anthocyanins, polymeric procyanidins and flavonols had the most significant positive impact on consumer acceptance of the assessed features, i.e., global satisfaction, odour/flavour, sweetness and bitterness (positive consumer drivers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pectin extracted by high‐speed shearing from passion fruit peel (HSSP) is a potentially excellent wall material for encapsulating curcumin, which has multiple advantages over pectin prepared by heated water extraction. HSSP was used to fabricate complex nanoparticles of zein–sodium caseinate–pectin for encapsulation of curcumin in this study. The influence of heating on the physicochemical properties of the composite nanoparticles was also investigated, as well as the effect of composite nanoparticles on the encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity and release characteristics of curcumin. RESULTS: The nanoparticles were formed through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the proteins and HSSP. A temperature of 50 °C was more favorable for generating compact and small‐sized nanoparticles, which could effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency and functional properties. Moreover, compared to other pectin used in the study, the nanoparticles prepared with HSSP showed the best functionality with a particle size of 234.28 ± 0.85 nm, encapsulation rate of 90.22 ± 0.54%, free radical scavenging rate of 78.97% and strongest protective capacity in simulated gastric fluid and intestinal release effect. CONCLUSION: Zein–sodium caseinate–HSSP is effective for encapsulating and delivering hydrophobic bioactive substances such as curcumin, which has potential applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The passion fruit, Passiflora edulis, recognized for its rich nutritional properties, has long been used for its varied ethnobotanical applications. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of P. edulis var. Tainung No. 1 rind extracts by examining their polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-skin aging activities against key enzymes such as elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase, and their ability to inhibit bacterial growth, single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), and their cytotoxic effects on oral carcinoma cells. The acetone extract from the rind exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, anti-SSB, and antibacterial activities. The antibacterial effectiveness of the acetone-extracted rind was ranked as follows: Escherichia coli > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus. A titration curve for SSB inhibition showed an IC50 value of 313.2 μg/mL, indicating the potency of the acetone extract in inhibiting SSB. It also significantly reduced the activity of enzymes associated with skin aging, particularly tyrosinase, with a 54.5% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis tentatively identified several major bioactive compounds in the acetone extract, including stigmast-5-en-3-ol, vitamin E, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, linoleic acid, campesterol, and octadecanoic acid. Molecular docking studies suggested some of these compounds as potential inhibitors of tyrosinase and SSB. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated anticancer potential against Ca9-22 oral carcinoma cells by inhibiting cell survival, migration, and proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These results underscore the potential of P. edulis (Tainung No. 1) rind as a promising candidate for anti-skin aging, antibacterial, and anticancer applications, meriting further therapeutic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) against the Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing fruit rot on postharvest passions, the changes of L. theobromae mycelial growth, conductivity, malonaldehyde content, intracellular materials leakage, contents of cell membrane and cell wall components, adenosine triphosphatase activity, propidium iodide staining, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were determined after being treated with ε-PL, and the inhibition effects of ε-PL on L. theobromae-induced fruit rot of harvested passion fruits were studied. In vitro assay showed that ε-PL inhibited the mycelial growth of L. theobromae, and the inhibitory effects increased with increasing ε-PL concentration. The optimal inhibitory concentration of ε-PL was 100 mg/L. Additionally, ε-PL might increase the conductivity and malondialdehyde content, promote the leakage of intercellular nucleic acid and protein, decrease the contents of ergosterol, total lipids and chitin, reduce the activity of adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, ε-PL also changed the mycelial morphology of L. theobromae, resulting in the mycelial distortion, and lowered the number of methylene, methyl, hydroxyl and carbon-oxygen bonds in mycelium of L. theobromae. Furthermore, ε-PL could suppress the L. theobromae-induced fruit rot development of harvested passion fruits. Therefore, ε-PL could display the antifungal activity on L. theobromae through destroying the structure of cell membrane and cell wall, promoting the leakage of intracellular materials, disordering the energy metabolism, and destroying the structure of biological macromolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]