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Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the depiction of women in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence and Naguib Mahfouz's Palace of Desire (Qasr Al-Shawq) according to the feminist approach. The study seeks to compare and contrast the way these two novels, which are considered among reputable 20th century fiction, represent female characters and their struggles for asserting their individualities in two types of male-dominated societies. That is to say, Shashi Deshpande, the Indian authoress of That Long Silence fathoms the struggles of women in a traditional Indian society. In this novel, she mirrors the great challenges that women face in such a patriarchal system. Therefore, this research traces the heroines' experience highlighting how the novelist has tackled misogynism and biased societal prospects. On the other hand, Mahfouz's Palace of Desire sheds light on the stereotyped images of women and feminists attempts to free women within the changing political and societal setting of Egypt then. Aida's personality represents the ambitious woman who reconciles with her desires and does her best to assert herself in a male-dominated society despite all the social constraints trying to limit her aspirations. In this comparative study between the two concerned novels, the researcher seeks to reveal the similarities and differences in the representations of women in two different cultural backgrounds. So, the paper examines how each of these two novelists criticizes the patriarchal structures and advocates feminism in his/her society exposing the ways through which gender roles and societal norms are presented. The study shows a deep understanding of feminist literary criticism by highlighting the cultural influence of the two societies in which women's sufferings are revealed. So, the findings of the research offer new insights into the gender roles, misogynism, stereotyped images of women, old traditions and patriarchal systems in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to discuss the concept of hegemonic masculinity and its influence on societies. It tries to explain the origin of hegemonic masculinity's concept, and how the thinkers, and philosophers discussed this term, and what they wrote about it. It discusses many concepts such as masculinity, patriarchal system and tribal society, and as well as the status of women in the Yemeni society. It also explores aspects of hegemonic masculinity through the events of Wajdi Al-Ahdal's novel A Land without Jasmine. This research is divided into introduction and three sections; the first discusses the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the second explains the hegemonic masculinity and Patriarchal culture in the Yemeni society, the third clarifies manifestations of hegemonic masculinity, such as early marriage and depriving women of education and the conclusion. This research reached many results such as Yemeni society is considered a male-dominated society and the system that prevails in it is the patriarchal system. Furthermore, upbringing and social traditions have contributed to reinforcing a culture of male dominance in society.

Sylvia Plath’s only novel, The Bell Jar (1963), gives us an insight into the life of a young woman, Esther Greenwood, and the process of her adapting to life in 1950s America. As it is a rather traumatic process due to her (in)ability to accept and conform to the rules of a male-dominated society, the aim of this paper is to analyse this novel within the framework of trauma studies. The novel follows Esther Greenwood’s descent into depression and her attempts to make choices about her future, while showing that she finds the task rather traumatic because her desires are mutually exclusive and not in accordance with what the consumerist American society deems acceptable. Bessel A. van der Kolk et al. state that what makes something traumatic is “the subjective assessment by victims of how threatened and helpless they feel” (2007). Before the analysis of the novel, the theoretical framework is provided in terms of defining trauma, relying on the research conducted by Sigmund Freud, Shoshana Felman and Dori Laub in Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis and History (1992), and other similar studies connected to the analysis of trauma and, in particular, trauma in Sylvia Plath’s oeuvre. The historical background of the novel is also examined, in order to provide a clearer picture of the period the novel is set in. Hopefully, this small scale research offers another way of perceiving the traumatic experience of being a woman in a domineering, patriarchal society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to show the critical and pedagogical potential of artistic, feminist, collective and street practices from the experience of a participatory artistic action activated in the public space, and of the demands, desires, and commitments against femicide of the women who have been involved. The theoretical coordinates range from the notes by Amorós and de Miguel (2020) on feminism as a critical theory, the socio-historical and political analysis of violence by Martín-Baró (1990), Segato’s (2019) approaches regarding “expressive violence” to the proposal to understand performative and autoethnographic prac)tices as producers of unconventional epistemologies and weavers of complex, fluid knowledge about subjectivities (Calderón, 2021). The methodology used involved a qualitative analysis of the discourse included in the survival certificates of nearly two hundred women, as well as a reflective analysis of the experience perceived by the artist-researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and nature have a bonding which reflect the connectedness between humans and non-humans. The exploitation of women affects nature and vice- versa. The novels Entrok, written by Okky Madasari, Tarian Bumi by Oka Rusmini, and Trilogi Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk by Ahmad Tohari narrate the experiences of women struggling to survive in cultures dominated by the patriarchal system. This article uses qualitative research methods to describe data about the women’s experiences of their encounters with exploitation in these three novels. All data were decoded using the ecofeminism theory. The results show that their nurturing character is a power in the spirituality of women, and it was used in patriarchal systems. The notion of feminization, which preserves both nurture and love, proved insufficient for this purpose as it objectifies women and weakens the struggle. To strengthen the advancement of women, it is important to develop the ethical relationship between humans and nature.

This study determined the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on women microfinance services uptake and establish whether women access to microfinance services has challenged the prevailing patriarchal system in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region. The study used a cross-sectional research design involving 111 respondents drawn at random from the study population. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data whereby Atlas.ti computer software was used to organise and analyse some data. Ordered probit regression model was used to analyse the influence of some socio-demographic characteristics on women microfinance services uptake. The findings show that marital status and education level attained tend to influence women microfinance services uptake and some level of social and economic empowerment. Moreover, microfinance uptake among women beneficiaries has not challenged the current patriarchal system in the study area. The study concludes that while socio-economic empowerment was realised among some microfinance beneficiaries, microfinance services uptake among women has not yet succeeded to influence the prevailing patriarchal system. It is advised that women and other key stakeholders, should engage in serious training and sensitisation practices to actively influence meaningful change in the current patriarchal system.

The Republic of Albania is located in southeastern Europe. Although it is a member state of the UN, NATO, OSCE, a member of the Council of Europe and a potential candidate for joining the European Union only in recent years did the Albanian legislature want, through the laws it adopted, to align itself, to a great extent, the general trend of modernization and the recognition of equality in the rights of women and men. The remote traditions and customs of their history and civilization have prevailed when the equality of the sexes is called into question. Certainly, in addition to the patriarchal mentality that is the basis of Albanian society, the fear of the so-called "weaker sex", the helplessness and the lack of confidence in their own emancipation do preserve the customs that I mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts interpretive and descriptive approaches in the study of derogatory Esan proverbs targeted against women in the Esan indigenous society of Nigeria. The aim is to reveal whether the content of such anti-women local proverbs in Esan are valid or anachronistic in the light of the indigenous knowledge that proverbs are ideally known to convey, and judging by cultural and modern realities. Esan people are a tribe in Edo State of Nigeria and the three researchers of this paper are native speakers of the language. We harvested Esan proverbs through our public interactions with elders, and young and old adults in both rural and urban Esan communities. Our study reveals, amongst others, that the contents of derogatory Esan proverbs with women as subjects are not valid statements, but are products of centuries of enduring patriarchal systems insensitive to cultural and modern realities evidencing the numerous virtues and accomplishments of Esan women. The paper finally affirms that the anti-women local proverbs are part of the traditional structure that has fought the success of the thoroughbred modern agitations for female empowerment and the quest for gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a multiplicity of social discourses has great relevance in people's lives, so they allow us to reflect on daily practices, on the common places from which the subjects think of themselves and others, and the recurring themes that run through them at a given time. From this, two social discourses of the Chilean author, Gabriela Mistral, were analyzed: on the one hand “The instruction of women” [1906] and, on the other “Organization of women” [1925]. To carry out this work, some concepts worked by Marc Angenot in relation to social discourses were taken, such as hegemony and counter-hegemony and Elsa Drucaroff, gender order and class order. In this sense, it was observed in these speeches echoes of women's voices silenced in the word and that, based on the author's world views and assessments, the word of others transcends in her own voice, operating as an instrument to make visible those extirpated. by the history. The importance of these Mistral speeches lies in the fact that his voice represents all times and can be analyzed from contemporary social constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied about the positions of female characters in the play Othello by Shakespeare. By applying the intersectional concept of Chandra Mohanty, the research identified that the women positions were determined by the aspects of race and class. The high-class woman in patriarchal system was subordinated by lower class man due to gender relation. Meanwhile the research also exhibited that women could have strong domination toward men in regard to race relation. It asserted the intersect relation of race, class, and gender. In this case, under certain circumstances, women were not always positioned inferior toward men and men did not always have ultimate power on women. The relation of both gender in the novel indicated that other aspects such as race and class also played the significant role in determining the position of each.

Abstract Background Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a public health concern with negative consequences on women’s health. It is a harmful practice which is recognized in international discourses on public health as a form of gender-based violence. Women are not only victims of this, but also perpetrators. The practice of FGM remains a social norm which is difficult to change because it is deeply rooted in tradition and is embedded in the patriarchal system. However, some women have managed to change their attitudes towards it and have spoken out against it. This study identifies and describes turning points that have been defined as significant and critical events in the lives of the women, and that have engendered changes in their attitudes towards the practice of FGM. Methods We have conducted an inductive qualitative study based on the life story approach, where we interviewed 15 women who have undergone FGM. During the interviews, we discussed and identified the turning points that gave the research participants the courage to change their position regarding FGM. The analysis drew on lifeline constructions and thematic analysis. Results Six common turning points relating to a change in attitude towards FGM were identified: turning points related to (i) encounters with health professionals, (ii) education, (iii) social interactions with other cultures and their own culture, (iv) experiences of motherhood, (v) repeated pain during sexual or reproductive activity, and (vi) witnessing the effects of some harmful consequences of FGM on loved ones. Conclusions The turning points identified challenged the understanding of what it means to be a ‘member’ of the community in a patriarchal system; a ‘normal woman’ according to the community; and what it means to be a ‘good mother’. Moreover, the turning points manifested in conjunction with issues centered on emotional responses and coming to terms with conflicts of loyalty, which we see as possible triggers behind the shift experienced by the women in our sample.

Copyright of Via Inveniendi et Iudicandi is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When we trace back to the past on the issue of women, the earliest evidence that archaeology encountered are the Venus figurines from the Upper Paleolithic Period. These artifacts, which have been discovered in a wide area from Europe to Siberian context, are generally depictions of women with exaggerated female organs. The most famous one of them is the Willendorf Venus that was made of limestone. There are also samples of Venus figurines with hair and facial details, as well as the ones which generally do not have any hair and facial details. The existence of these figurines raised the question of why the interest of prehistoric people focused so much on certain points of the female or female body. There is no consensus on the social, economic or cultural functions of these artifacts among the researchers, so different suggestions have been offered up to the present day. The figurines are associated with femininity, motherhood, fertility, fruitfulness, survival, rebirth, magic and shamanism, as well as a simple toy or sign object. Female figurines were engraved on clay, bone, stone and marble not only in the Paleolithic period, but also throughout the entire Mining ages. The fact that these figurines were treated in the same category as a single type, without considering the cultural / economic / ecological diversity, has been one of the factors that make it difficult to understand the historical roles of women and the process of change imposed upon them. Another factor is the lack of philological evidence to support archaeological ones in Anatolia, especially until the Bronze Age. The cuneiform tablets discovered by archaeological studies in Anatolia in the Bronze Age, a period that its history could be traced in writing, were able to provide more detailed information on the place and importance of women in political, social and economic life, compared to previous periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the central character, Celie, in Alice Walker's The Color Purple takes towards the carrier. Her success can be define in two ways one is the solidarity of the female community. And the second is the way in which she escapes from the angst of pain. The first one gives her moral support and sets as a role model and second one provides her a space to express herself by writing letters to God. Celie character goes through physical, mental and spiritual pain which allows her to purge herself and eventually attain the freedom. This study focuses on the process her internal journey towards the freedom by allying resilient theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

تعدّ مسألة النقد الحضاري من أبرز وأهم القضايا الفكرية التي عالجها المفكر هشام شرابي طوال عقود من حياته الفكرية والأكاديمية، متناولا أساسا في هذا النوع من النقد معضلات وأسباب تخلف المجتمع العربي، منتهجا منهجا مميزا مستعملا فيه مقولات الإيديولوجية الماركسية ومفاهيم المدرسة التحليلية لفرويد ومؤسسا على ضوء هذا مقاربة فريدة تدعى المقاربة الفرويدية / الماركسية، ومستنتجا من خلال هذا النهج أو الرؤية أن النظام الأبوي (البطركي) المتغلغل داخل منظومات المجتمع العربي الاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية والسياسية هو المكرس لقيم التخلف والعجز فيها. ومنه فإن السبيل لتغيير هذا الواقع-حسبه -هو خلخلة وإعادة بناء هذا المفهوم.

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the wake of numerous protests in the Spring of 2011, memes have taken Arab internet culture by storm. Social media websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, have mainly been studied in the Arab world for their apparent aid in mass uprisings in several countries. This article explores what these Arabic internet memes reveal about the patriarchal system. The data used in this analysis are memes available on the Internet that are in Arabic. To investigate this problem, this article discusses the form and content of several internet memes about patriarchy, the language and rhetoric used, humorous elements, and their overall messages. This article uses qualitative methods and approaches to analyze these memes. The semiotic structuralism method examines the internal elements, such as images and texts, their relationships, as well as linguistics, rhetoric, humor, and semiotics theories. From the analysis results, it was found that, on the one hand, when it comes to their form, memes are very useful in conveying issues about the patriarchal system. On the other hand, internet memes are rather difficult for everyday people to digest because they use many connotative signs and phrases that need to be observed beforehand. This is what distinguishes Arabic internet memes about patriarchal systems from other memes. The issue of patriarchy in Arabia is very diverse and complex, requiring a critical reading to understand it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers insights into gender relations at every node of the maize value chain in rural Mozambique. Data were collected using mixed methods, including a survey of 295 households, key informant interviews with 29 individuals (breeders, agro-dealers, traders, and processors), and 12 sex-disaggregated focus group discussions with smallholder farmers. The findings show that in terms of the gender division of labor in maize production, there is no significant difference between male-headed and female-headed households concerning the participation of men, women, children, and hired labor. In addition, due to their culturally prescribed role as head of household, men are responsible for maize marketing and for making decisions both at the farm level and across the higher nodes of the value chain. Moreover, cultural restrictions on women's mobility and gender disparities in access to transportation tend to exclude women from participating in the markets. However, women from matrilineal villages are shown to have more autonomy than those from patrilineal villages in making decisions about the quantity of maize to sell, participation in the market, and control of revenue. Finally, whether the woman belongs to the patriarchal or matriarchal system, she still faces challenges as she accedes to the higher nodes of the value chain, for example, participating as a trader, because of her dual roles as mother/homemaker and business woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a public health concern with negative consequences on women's health. It is a harmful practice which is recognized in international discourses on public health as a form of gender-based violence. Women are not only victims of this, but also perpetrators. The practice of FGM remains a social norm which is difficult to change because it is deeply rooted in tradition and is embedded in the patriarchal system. However, some women have managed to change their attitudes towards it and have spoken out against it. This study identifies and describes turning points that have been defined as significant and critical events in the lives of the women, and that have engendered changes in their attitudes towards the practice of FGM.Methods: We have conducted an inductive qualitative study based on the life story approach, where we interviewed 15 women who have undergone FGM. During the interviews, we discussed and identified the turning points that gave the research participants the courage to change their position regarding FGM. The analysis drew on lifeline constructions and thematic analysis.Results: Six common turning points relating to a change in attitude towards FGM were identified: turning points related to (i) encounters with health professionals, (ii) education, (iii) social interactions with other cultures and their own culture, (iv) experiences of motherhood, (v) repeated pain during sexual or reproductive activity, and (vi) witnessing the effects of some harmful consequences of FGM on loved ones.Conclusions: The turning points identified challenged the understanding of what it means to be a 'member' of the community in a patriarchal system; a 'normal woman' according to the community; and what it means to be a 'good mother'. Moreover, the turning points manifested in conjunction with issues centered on emotional responses and coming to terms with conflicts of loyalty, which we see as possible triggers behind the shift experienced by the women in our sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Afghan women's courage in resisting physical and other violence and victimization through their writings. It argues that the absence of a strong Afghan female voice has led numerous female writers to highlight women's issues in Afghanistan. It demonstrates the courage and gradual awakening of women in Afghanistan to fight against violence and victimization in a culturally complex and patriarchal society. Thus, this is an appraisal of their struggle and highlights women's issues in order to spread awareness about gaining a voice by women being vital for survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sosiohumaniora is the property of Sosiohumaniora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AMany of the mass media of the Spanish State continue using, at present, certain expressions (as domestic violence) that impede the understanding of the real meaning of the gender-based violence. In some cases there are some ideological intentions by certain sectors of society to use terms which conceal the true structural nature of the gender-based violence. In other cases, this confusion is reinforced by an inadequate understanding of this problem by journalists themselves, and the incorrect use of the names. The result is an important conceptual confusion which affects the understanding of the meaning of gender-based violence among citizens. Numerosos medios de comunicación del Estado español siguen empleando en la actualidad algunas expresiones (como violencia doméstica) que impiden la comprensión del verdadero significado de la violencia de género. En algunos casos existe una intención ideológica por parte de ciertos sectores de la sociedad para emplear términos que ocultan el verdadero carácter estructural de la violencia de género. En otros casos se refuerza dicha confusión por la comprensión defectuosa de este problema por parte de los propios periodistas y la mala utilización de las denominaciones. El resultado es una importante confusión conceptual que afecta a la comprensión del significado de la violencia de género por parte de la ciudadanía.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2612144

RESUMEN: Este artículo, de carácter interpretativo, lleva a cabo una reflexión acerca de la idea y el puesto de la mujer en la obra de Cioran desde una perspectiva no sólo femenina sino desde la situación cultural particular de su autora. Partiendo de varios de los textos del escritor rumano-francés, se analiza el tema mujer en dos ámbitos bien determinados por Cioran: primero, el de la prostitución y su parentesco con la filosofía y, segundo, el del ámbito de los santos. ABSTRACT: This interpretative article, performs a reflection about the idea and the position of women in the work of Cioran not only from a female perspective but from the particular cultural situation of the author of this paper. Starting from several texts from the Romanian-French writer, women’s issues is analyzed into two areas determined by Cioran: the first-one, prostitution and its relationship to philosophy and, the secondone from their reflexions about saints.

During the first half of the Mexican nineteenth century, society evidenced an inequality based on the binomial domination / subordination between men and women as part of the patriarchal hegemonic system. This society reproduced the submission of women through multiple devices of power that naturalized the domination of the masculine over the feminine and, in a certain way, the use of conjugal violence. From homicides against women, it is studied how society and judicial institutions allowed marital violence, until death, as an element of control in a society governed by patriarchal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian writers in English have made the most noteworthy contribution in the field of the novel. Feminist writers give top priority to the maximization of freedom of woman and minimization of patriarchal priority. The actualities of women's lives seem to be gaining greater significance day by day. Women writers have explored the stance of male chauvinism and violence committed against women. Women have always been less important individuals. When a woman lives in a male dominated society obviously she undergoes many sufferings. Manju Kapur, an Indian woman novelist, highlights her deep insight into human nature and her understanding of day-to-day problems. Her female protagonists are mostly educated, aspiring individual caged within the boundaries of a conservative society. In her novel A Married Woman Manju Kapur brings forth those hard facts that will go a long way in demystifying marriage. The novel discusses the tragic tale of the middle class working women with Astha as the main heroine and Peepilika as the titular one. Astha imbibes middle class values and latter suffers from a sense of incompleteness in her married life. Through the personal private lives of these characters Manju Kapur gives her readers valuable insights into the feminine consciousness through her protagonists. Manju Kapur is convinced that the new, educated Indian woman has the capacity to determine her priorities for self-discovery. This paper speaks about the problems faced by the protagonist of the novel to have a distinctiveness of her own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interpretive qualitative study covers the research gap by exploring and discussing the obstacles and factors that limited women's participation in politics and the electoral process. Secondly, by making the comparative analysis of PTI and PML(N), this study discovers the difference between policies and strategies of newly emerging and already established party to address the issues of women's low participation and under - representation in parliament and the party system of Pakistan. Although at an individual level, both male and female encouraged women to take part in the political process, yet overall the collective patriarchal mind set of Pakistani society discouraged women to come forward and participate in the political process of Pakistan. Most of the interviewee pinpointed the hurdles and challenges faced due to patriarchal attitude of society which limit women's participation in politics and they told that participation of women in politics is connected to male's perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]