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Introduction: Simulation-based training is increasingly used in pediatrics to teach technical skills, teamwork, and team communication, and to improve potential deficiencies in pediatric emergency care. Team performance must be observed, analyzed, and evaluated by trained raters. The structured training of medical students for the assessment of simulated pediatric emergencies has not yet been investigated. Methods: We developed a rater training program for medical students to assess guideline adherence, teamwork, and team communication in simulated pediatric emergencies. Interrater reliability was measured at each training stage using Kendall tau coefficients. Results: In 10 out of 15 pairs of raters interrater reliability was moderate to high (tau>0.4), whereas it was low in the remaining 5 pairs of raters. Discussion: The interrater reliability showed good agreement between medical students and expert raters at the end of the rater training program. Medical students can be successfully involved in the assessment of guideline adherence as well as teamwork and team communication in simulated pediatric emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdelaziz Hendy,1 Rym Hassani,2 Madeha Ali Abouelela,3 Abeer Nuwayfi Alruwaili,4 Hadya Abboud Abdel Fattah,5 Gehan Abd elfattah Atia,6,7 Fadia Ahmed Abdelkader Reshia8,9 1Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Medical Chemistry, University College of Darb, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 4Nursing Administration and Education Department, Al Jouf University, Sak&amacr;k&amacr;, Jouf, Saudi Arabia; 5Nursing Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; 6Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jouf University, Sak&amacr;k&amacr;, Jouf, Saudi Arabia; 7Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 8Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sak&amacr;ka, Saudi Arabia; 9Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCorrespondence: Abdelaziz Hendy, Pediatric nursing department, Faculty nursing Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Email Abdelaziz.hendy@nursing.asu.edu.egBackground: In emergency medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most stressful scenarios for nurses who conduct both basic and advanced resuscitation methods.Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses’ self-assessed capabilities, attitudes, and stress related to CPR.Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 748 pediatric nurses at six governmental hospitals. A self–assessed ability questionnaire and a structured stress and attitude questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: For self-assessed abilities, 45.5% of the nurses had moderate scores. Concerning stress, 48.3% had moderate scores and 63.1% negative attitudes. Also, attitude and self-assessed abilities had a high-frequency negative effect on stress scores (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Attitude scores increased and stress scores decreased significantly with postgraduate educational level, attendance at training courses on pediatric basic life support and automated external defibrillator use, being exposed to > 10 cardiac arrest cases in the previous year, and having an advanced life-support license (P< 0.05). Positive attitudes and improving self-assessed abilities decreased the nurses’ stress levels related to CPR.Keywords: attitudes, nurses, self-assessed capabilities, stress, pediatric life support

Andi Fatmawati Syamsu,&ast; Irsanty Collein,&ast; Baiq Emy Nurmalisa&ast; Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu, Indonesia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Andi Fatmawati Syamsu, Faculty of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Thalua Konchi Street Number 09, North Palu, Palu, Center Sulawesi, Indonesia, Email fatmaandif@gmail.com

Introduction: Defibrillation with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for smaller children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) should be performed using a pediatric mode. This study aims to investigate the easiest and fastest way to activate the pediatric mode on AEDs for pediatric OHCA. Methods: This randomized, controlled simulation study recruited 90 adult laypersons. Laypersons were randomized to use one of three AEDs with different methods to activate the pediatric mode: a Lifepak CR-T Trainer requiring switch of electrodes, a Phillips Heartstart FR3 Trainer with a “pediatric key”, or a CU Medical IPAD SP1 Trainer with a pediatric button. Laypersons were asked to use an AED on a pediatric manikin and informed that activation of a pediatric mode was recommended. Results: Activation of the pediatric mode was achieved by 0/30 (0%) participants when switching electrodes (Lifepak CRT), 2/30 (7%) participants when using a key (Phillips FR3) and 18/30 (64%) participants when pushing a button (CU Medical SP1) (p

Background: This study aims to facilitate parental identification of designated emergency facilities for expeditious pediatric care within the framework of Taiwan's newly implemented "regional joint defense" approach to pediatric emergency services. The research seeks to elucidate the mechanisms by which this novel system can enhance timely access to appropriate emergency care for children, potentially improving health outcomes and resource utilization in acute pediatric situations., Methods: Factor analysis (FA) and triangular entropy matrix (TEM) analyzed the appearance, breathing and skin of pediatric assessment triangle (ABC of PAT), three types of prehospital pediatric emergence condition (PPEC), five levels of Taiwan's pediatric emergency triage (TPET), and applied the social learning theory (SLT) in educational doctrine, using experts' weighted questionnaires., Results: Firstly, to address deficiencies in Taiwan's pediatric prehospital emergency medicine (PEM) system, integrating emergency medical knowledge (EMK) and pediatric life support (PLS) into medical education, staff training, and the national handbook for new parents is crucial. This equips parents to manage children's illnesses and prevent emergencies. Then, in life-threatening situations, immediate emergency room (ER) transport is vital for symptoms like whitish or purple lips, cold limbs, mottled skin, cold sweat, convulsions, dyspnea, chest dimples, weak consciousness, and oxygen saturation below 94%. Finally, for non-life-threatening emergencies, seek medical evaluation if symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, chest pain, persistent high fever over 39 degrees with convulsions, chills, cold sweats, not eating or urinating for over 12 hours, or fever lasting more than 48 hours., Conclusion: Parents must remain calm and provide their baby with a sense of security while observing the development of physical symptoms. This approach enables them to effectively determine the most appropriate time to take their children to the emergency room, thereby avoiding life-threatening emergencies. Prompt and proper measures and treatments not only alleviate various discomforts caused by illness or medical emergencies but also reduce systemic distress, life-threatening situations, and unfortunate incidents before hospitalization.

A retrospective analysis was performed of 1637 questionnaires among students of immediate pediatric life support (IPLS) courses. All theory and practice classes and organization and methods received an average score higher than 8.5 except for the schedule and time devoted to developing contents. All parameters evaluating instructors’ skills received a score higher than 9. Participants requested more time to practice and for course adaptation to their specific professionals needs. IPLS courses are highly valued by students. The duration of IPLS practice sessions should be increased and the course should be adapted to the specific professional needs of participants.

Introduction: Defibrillation with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for smaller children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) should be performed using a pediatric mode. This study aims to investigate the easiest and fastest way to activate the pediatric mode on AEDs for pediatric OHCA., Methods: This randomized, controlled simulation study recruited 90 adult laypersons. Laypersons were randomized to use one of three AEDs with different methods to activate the pediatric mode: a Lifepak CR-T Trainer requiring switch of electrodes, a Phillips Heartstart FR3 Trainer with a "pediatric key", or a CU Medical IPAD SP1 Trainer with a pediatric button. Laypersons were asked to use an AED on a pediatric manikin and informed that activation of a pediatric mode was recommended., Results: Activation of the pediatric mode was achieved by 0/30 (0%) participants when switching electrodes (Lifepak CRT), 2/30 (7%) participants when using a key (Phillips FR3) and 18/30 (64%) participants when pushing a button (CU Medical SP1) (p < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) time to first shock among those who activated the pediatric mode were 102 (95-107) in the CU Medical SP1 group and 78 (78-78) in the Phillips FR3 group (p = 0.21). Most participants used the anterior-lateral position for electrodes., Conclusion: Laypersons' ability to activate the pediatric mode on AEDs and correctly attach the electrodes was generally poor. More participants were able to activate the pediatric mode by pushing a button when compared to using a key or switching electrodes. Use of the Phillips FR3 AED was associated with faster shock delivery., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [The Laerdal AED Trainer 3/Phillips Heartstart FR3 Trainer was provided by Laerdal Medical – Copenhagen, Denmark. The CU Medical IPAD SP1 AED Trainer was provided by Cardiocare Scandinavia. There were no financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with any of the organizations.], (© 2022 The Author(s).)

A retrospective analysis was performed of 1637 questionnaires among students of immediate pediatric life support (IPLS) courses. All theory and practice classes and organization and methods received an average score higher than 8.5 except for the schedule and time devoted to developing contents. All parameters evaluating instructors' skills received a score higher than 9. Participants requested more time to practice and for course adaptation to their specific professionals needs. IPLS courses are highly valued by students. The duration of IPLS practice sessions should be increased and the course should be adapted to the specific professional needs of participants.