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AbstractPerfectionism is widely recognised as a key factor in students’ learning experiences, but such evidence is primarily derived from cross-sectional studies testing unidirectional links. To fill in the gap, our study used a longitudinal design and made the initial attempt to examine the bi-directional links between two types of perfectionism (personal standards and concerns over mistakes), two types of academic motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation), and academic engagement. Results from the cross-lagged panel analysis among Chinese university students found that personal standards and intrinsic motivation were positively and reciprocally related. Another reciprocity was revealed: intrinsic motivation positively predicted later extrinsic motivation, while extrinsic motivation negatively predicted later intrinsic motivation. Besides, our study revealed several unidirectional links: intrinsic motivation positively predicted later academic engagement, extrinsic motivation positively predicted later concerns over mistakes, and academic engagement negatively predicted later concerns over mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusions\nKEY POINTSPrevious research has found a negative association between aversion to happiness and various aspects of mental well-being. In the present study, we hypothesised that aversion to happiness (as measured by the fear of happiness scale) would mediate the association between psychological distress and three predictors: Meaning in life, self-esteem, and perfectionism. We included five dimensions of perfectionism separately, and a composite of the five dimensions to measure overall perfectionism.We used a sample of 317 individuals from Turkey (mean age = 27.31) to test our hypotheses. We employed both ordinary least square regression analysis and path analysis to examine the mediation hypotheses.The results of mediation analyses showed that aversion to happiness was a significant mediator of the associations between psychological distress and self-esteem, meaning in life, the five aspects of perfectionism, and overall perfectionism. In a path model with meaning in life, self-esteem, and overall perfectionism, aversion to happiness was found to significantly mediate only the effects of meaning in life and perfectionism.These results highlight the importance of meaning in life, self-esteem, and perfectionism as predictors of aversion to happiness and the role of aversion to happiness as a mediator for the links between these predictors and mental well-being.What is already known about this topic: Aversion to happiness has been linked to reduced mental well-being and increased psychopathology symptoms.Previous studies have explored some predictors of aversion to happiness, such as childhood maltreatment, insecure attachment, and neuroticism.Aversion to happiness is commonly examined as a predictor variable in psychological research.Aversion to happiness has been linked to reduced mental well-being and increased psychopathology symptoms.Previous studies have explored some predictors of aversion to happiness, such as childhood maltreatment, insecure attachment, and neuroticism.Aversion to happiness is commonly examined as a predictor variable in psychological research.What this topic adds: This study is the first to demonstrate that low self-esteem and a lack of meaning in life are significant predictors of aversion to happiness.This study provides new evidence that perfectionism, across multiple dimensions, contributes to aversion to happiness.Aversion to happiness mediated the relationships between meaning in life, self-esteem, perfectionism, and psychological distress.This study is the first to demonstrate that low self-esteem and a lack of meaning in life are significant predictors of aversion to happiness.This study provides new evidence that perfectionism, across multiple dimensions, contributes to aversion to happiness.Aversion to happiness mediated the relationships between meaning in life, self-esteem, perfectionism, and psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among medical residents, suicide is the second most prevalent cause of mortality. In Iran, the suicide of medical residents has become one of the most important challenges. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation among medical residents in Iran. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present research included all the residents in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in 2023, of whom 277 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI-1997), the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS-2007) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21-1995) were used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and Amos software version 22. Results: Out of 277 participants, 30% (N = 83) were male and 70% (N = 194) were female. The findings showed that the research model had goodness of fit. There was a significant relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress (β = 0.76, P < 0/001) and between psychological distress and suicidal thoughts (β = 0.66, P < 0/001). However, there was no direct relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation (P > 0.01), but perfectionism played a role in residents' suicidal ideation through psychological distress (β = 0.50, P < 0/001). In other words, perfectionism led to suicidal ideation by increasing the psychological distress of the residents. In addition, perfectionism and psychological distress were able to explain 42% of the variances of suicidal ideation (R2 = 0/42). Conclusion: The results highlighted the crucial role of psychological distress in suicidal ideation of medical residents. Accordingly, substantial support from health-sector managers and policymakers is essential to meet the requirements of medical residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analysed the effects of perfectionism on the formation of attitudes and expectations of organisational behaviour in potential recruiters. Specifically, the dimensions of perfectionism proposed by Hewitt and Flett were analysed in relation to the meta-cognitive process of thought self-validation. Participants were randomly exposed to the résumé (strong vs. weak) of a job candidate that produced either favourable thoughts (strong résumé) or unfavourable thoughts (weak résumé) about the candidate and the résumé. As hypothesised, participants perceived their thoughts as more perfect the higher their self-oriented perfectionism. Consequently, this led them to be more certain and confident in the thoughts generated. This greater cognitive validation of their own thoughts, in turn, gave rise to more polarised attitudes (either in favour of or against the candidate) and expectations about performance, adaptation and organisational commitment, according to the thoughts generated (favourable vs. unfavourable). The implications for research in persuasion and its application in personnel selection are discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) have been met with an unprecedented demand on their student counselling and wellbeing services in recent years with the impacts of COVID‐19 and high rates of mental health concerns amongst student populations. Online mental health programs offer one solution by providing students with quick and easy access to effective therapeutic content. The Focused Minds Program is an evidence‐based eight‐module online self‐guided cognitive behavioural intervention that targets the transdiagnostic risk factor of perfectionism and has been shown to decrease depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. The program was implemented at a UK university between 2021 and 2023. Recruitment occurred via departmental emails, academic staff, and the university's counselling staff and website. Participants were provided with access to the intervention for 6‐weeks and completed weekly surveys of psychosocial measures. The trial's implementation was assessed using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework: reach (uptake via the recruitment channels), effectiveness (outcomes on psychometric measures of mental wellbeing), adoption (staff and organisational support), implementation (intervention engagement and attrition), and maintenance (continued implementation across the trial period). Key barriers to successful implementation, as well as proposed solutions, are discussed to guide future online mental health interventions provided in HEIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about how perfectionistic adolescents experience social connection in online spaces. The current qualitative study addressed this gap by examining themes related to social (dis)connection in online and in-person settings from semistructured interviews with 43 adolescents (Mage = 15.16, SD = 2.43; 62.8% female; 58.1% white; 54.4% self-identified perfectionists). Results demonstrated that perfectionists expressed feeling less connected online than nonperfectionists, likely driven by heightened levels of interpersonal sensitivity. However, a subgroup of perfectionists sought out meaningful online relationships, often in response to a fear or experience of rejection by in-person peers. The results highlight the role of interpersonal sensitivity in fueling feelings of disconnection among adolescent perfectionists in both online and in-person settings, as well as the importance of self-monitoring in the social experiences of perfectionistic youth. Public Significance Statement: This study examined teen perfectionists' sense of connection with others on social media, by comparing their responses in semistructured interviews to those of nonperfectionists. For most perfectionists, connecting with others via social media was challenging due to the lack of social cues online that they seem to rely heavily on in-person to soothe their social anxieties. However, for a small group of perfectionists who felt they did not fit in with their face-to-face peers, online platforms gave them a safe space where they could connect with others with whom they shared common interests and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing research on the utility of movies to help clients in counseling. Encanto has been used to demonstrate family relationships and generational trauma. In addition, counselors can use Encanto to help clients understand the ways that perfectionism can appear, as well as the meaning and importance of growth-fostering relationships. This article examines Encanto and its themes of perfectionism and disconnection through a relational cultural lens. Methods of incorporating the movie into counseling sessions and implications for clients are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism is a growing concern and leads to multiple psychosocial consequences. Of note, perfectionism greatly impacts relationships and the ability to form meaningful connections. Relational Cultural Theory is an approach to helping clients realize the importance of growth-fostering relationships and focuses on client empowerment. A relational cultural approach can be a highly effective approach for working through perfectionism. This article conceptualizes perfectionism through a relational cultural lens and provides treatment recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism cognitions are associated with cognitive biases (including memory), depression, and anxiety. Memory biases related to perfectionism may contribute to perfectionism's role as a transdiagnostic risk factor and high comorbidity rates. However, very limited research exists on the relationship between perfectionism and memory. The current study examined (1) if perfectionism cognitions are related to memory performance, and (2) if perfectionism cognitions are related to sensitivity or decision bias. A convenience sample of 191 university students completed a recognition task with perfectionism-relevant, negative, positive, and neutral stimuli, and the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory. The results showed perfectionism cognitions were correlated with and predicted memory accuracy for perfectionism-relevant and negative words only, suggesting individuals higher in perfectionism cognitions may exhibit an enhanced memory for perfectionism-relevant and negative stimuli. Signal detection analysis showed higher perfectionism cognitions were also related to (1) a higher memory discriminative ability, and (2) a more liberal response bias, for perfectionism words only. Furthering our understanding of how perfectionism cognitions impact cognitive processes is an important step to identify potential mechanisms in the relation between perfectionism cognitions and distress, and identify targets for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using a cross-national approach, we focused on sport perfectionism among university athletes from two Western countries (i.e., Italy and Spain). We examined a guiding theoretical model in which sport perfectionism influenced athletes' experience of their own performance through the intervening effects of their basic psychological needs' satisfaction (BPN). We collected data on the short version of the "Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport" (MIPS) from athletes in both countries and first examined the country measurement invariance of the instrument. We then conducted a second study on a subsample of athletes from study 1 to examine the statistical tenets and the country invariance of the guiding theoretical model. Overall, we found support to the guiding hypotheses. Study 1 findings showed that the MIPS had good psychometric properties and was invariant across countries (i.e., MIPS items had similar meaning among Italian and Spanish athletes). Study 2 findings overall showed support across countries for the guiding model. Athletes with relatively high levels of perfectionistic strivings, later showed greater levels of BPN satisfaction and this, in turn, positively influenced their personal experience of performance. On the contrary, athletes with relatively high levels of perfectionistic concerns, later showed lower levels of BPN satisfaction and this, in turn, negatively influenced their personal experience of performance. This investigation provides initial cross-national evidence for possible mediation mechanisms that may underpin the relations between perfectionism and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Striving towards perfection is an important concept of study, given its heterogenous associations with both positive and negative outcomes. To address this matter, recent work has emphasized the need to differentiate between striving towards perfection (perfectionism) and excellence (excellencism). However, the applicability of this differentiation in adolescence remains largely unexplored, despite this life phase being particularly sensitive for the development of perfectionism. To better understand striving towards perfection in adolescence, we examined the psychometric properties of the German Scale of Perfectionism and Excellencism (SCOPE) and evaluated the nomological net with the Big Five and self‐esteem in 788 German adolescents (Mage = 15.49 years; 50% female). The results underscored the distinctiveness of the different strivings in adolescents but pointed to mixed evidence regarding convergent and discriminant validities. Notably, striving towards perfection was related to lower levels of openness and self‐esteem but higher levels of neuroticism, whereas striving towards excellence was related to higher levels of every trait except neuroticism. Finally, most results remained consistent across genders and school types. We discuss how the differentiation between perfectionism and excellencism deepens our understanding of adolescents' perfectionistic strivings and how it might inform future research across different psychological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined common patterns between perfectionist traits, depressive symptomatology and anxiety in adolescents. We analyzed these simultaneous associations and identified the most influential measures through network analysis. A total of 533 high school Peruvian students (48.97% female) participated from two educational institutions. Adapted Oros' Perfectionism, Reynolds Depression Scale and a single item school anxiety measure for adolescents were used. Spinglass algorithm found a solution of three domains of perfectionism: self-demands, distress-worry and reactions to failure, as well as one cluster of depressive symptoms. When analyzing the interconnections between these dimensions, it was found that worry-distress perfectionism (WDP) and reactions to failure perfectionism (RFP) played a central role in activating other variables in the network. In particular, RFP had the strongest connection with depression, while WDP was related to school anxiety. On the other hand, self-demands perfectionism was the only dimension that showed a negative relationship with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that perfectionist reactions focused on anticipating and responding to errors may share common patterns that should be addressed to reduce depression and school anxiety in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media use, perfectionism, and disordered eating have all increased over the last decades. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between self-presentation behaviors and being exposed to others' self-presentation on social media, and disordered eating. Studies also show that the relationship between focus on self-presentation and highly visual social media is stronger than for non-visual social media, hence facilitating upward social comparison. Nevertheless, no previous studies have investigated the link between adolescents' focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media, and perfectionism and disordered eating, which is the aim of the present study. Method: The present study is based on a cross-sectional survey from the "LifeOnSoMe"-study (N = 3424), conducted in 2020 and 2021. Respondents were high school students (mean age 17.3 years, 56% females) in Bergen, Norway. Multiple regression analysis was performed, where SPAUSCIS, a measure of self-presentation and upward social comparison, was the independent variable. Perfectionism and disordered eating were dependent variables. Self-reported age, gender, and subjective socioeconomic status were used as covariates, as well as frequency and duration of social media use. Regression models were performed to compare proportions across the median split of SPAUSCIS. Results: The multiple regression analysis showed that increased focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media were positively associated with both perfectionism (standardized coefficient 0.28) and disordered eating. A stronger association for girls than boys was found for disordered eating (standardized coefficient 0.39 for girls and 0.29 for boys). There was no gender moderation for perfectionism. Conclusions: Findings suggest that focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media is associated with perfectionism and disordered eating. We recommend promoting a healthy use of social media. This could be established by increasing adolescents' ability to reflect on and think critically about self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the Impostor Phenomenon (IP) is suggested to stem from one's family. With IP being consistently linked to the multidimensional trait of perfectionism, the current research looked into how Perceived Parental Perfectionism (PPP), measured through the domains of Parental Expectations (PEs) and Parental Criticism (PC) as deduced from Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), predicts IP. It was hypothesized that both PEs and PC will positively predict IP. A total sample of 169 (141 females and 28 males) high-achieving Filipino undergraduate students participated in the present study. The results revealed that although PEs and PC have a significant relationship with IP, only PC has been found to be a predictor of IP. This indicates that high-achieving students are likely to doubt their academic success when their parents are overly critical of their achievements. On the other hand, the mere presence of high parental expectations, without accompanying criticism, does not correlate with the impostor phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a serious public health problem worldwide, being the culmination of a process that normally begins with suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is important to assess suicidal ideation and know its risk factors. The association between perfectionism and suicidal ideation has been widely debated in the literature. However, knowledge about the role of emotion regulation in this relationship is scarce. The main objective of this investigation was thus to study the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation in young adults. A sample of 224 Portuguese young adults was recruited through an online form which assessed suicidal ideation, perfectionism, and emotion regulation. The results showed a positive relationship between suicidal ideation and emotion regulation difficulties. There was also a positive association between emotion regulation difficulties and perfectionism, especially regarding the strategies and dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism. The relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation was fully mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. Increases in emotion regulation difficulties from increased perfectionism could contribute decisively to increasing the risk of suicidal ideation. Thus, the assessment of perfectionism and emotion regulation difficulties can promote the prevention and psychological interventions for suicidal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role do moral norms play in the justification of legal norms? Here, I explore an answer that emphasises the moral significance of imperfection – of the fact that we are imperfect people, who live imperfect lives, and who have imperfect tools at our disposal for responding to our predicament. These imperfections, I argue, help make the case for (one version of) the harm principle. And they help make the case against the claim traditionally associated with legal moralism, namely that moral duties give law-makers reason to create legal duties with the same content. To accept all this is compatible with accepting – as I also claim here – that legal norms which help us better conform to moral norms are legal norms there is reason for law-makers to create. Those who accept this are nowadays dubbed perfectionists. Following John Gardner, I suggest that they are better thought of as legal imperfectionists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents' high academic expectations are positively associated with young children's mathematical abilities. However, minimal attention has been devoted to whether, and how, different ways of conveying the performance targets would result in different outcomes. Aims: The current study investigated whether and how parents' perfectionistic strivings and concerns were associated with young children's mathematical abilities through home mathematical activities, children's approach motivation to learn mathematics, and children's avoidance motivation to learn mathematics. Sample: Participants included 211 kindergarteners in Hong Kong and their parents. Methods: Data were collected through individual child tests and parent questionnaires. Results: Structural equation modelling revealed that parents' perfectionistic strivings had a direct positive link with children's mathematical abilities, an indirect link via approach motivation to learn mathematics, and an indirect link via home mathematical activities, and then approach motivation. Parents' perfectionistic concerns had a direct negative link with children's mathematical abilities, an indirect link via approach motivation to learn mathematics, and an indirect link via avoidance motivation to learn mathematics. Conclusions: Early childhood practitioners are recommended to raise parents' awareness of how to communicate high‐performance targets to children in a constructive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Moderated mediation models were tested with self-critical perfectionism (SCP). • Anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance were tested as moderators/mediators. • Models predicted anxious and depressive symptoms over two years. • SCP and experiential avoidance related to anxiety through anxiety sensitivity. • SCP and anxiety sensitivity related to distress through experiential avoidance. This three-wave longitudinal study of 297 community adults (mean age = 38.66 years, 67% female) examined how anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance work together to explain the relation between perfectionism and anxious and depressive symptoms over 2 years. Participants completed measures of self-critical (SC) and personal standards (PS) higher-order dimensions of perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and anxious and depressive symptoms at Time 1. Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and symptoms again at Time 2 one year later, and symptoms measures again at Time 3 two years after baseline. Moderated mediation analyses showed that for those with higher Time 1 experiential avoidance, Time 1 SC perfectionism was indirectly related to Time 3 anxious arousal symptoms through Time 2 anxiety sensitivity. For those with moderate to higher Time 1 anxiety sensitivity, Time 1 SC perfectionism was indirectly associated with Time 3 general distress and anxious arousal symptoms through Time 2 experiential avoidance. These moderated mediation effects were not found for PS perfectionism. These results support anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance as moderating and mediating processes that may be important treatment targets for reducing vulnerability to anxious and depressive symptoms over the longer-term in SC perfectionistic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disordered eating is common among late adolescents and young adults who pursue an idealised body image. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of disordered eating between males and females and its associated factors among college and university students in Sarawak. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 20 public and private colleges and universities in Sarawak, from September 2017 to March 2020. Respondents completed self-administered questionnaires both in the English and Malay language. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, eating attitude, body dissatisfaction, perceived sociocultural pressure, self-esteem, drive for muscularity and perfectionism were collected. Results: A total of 776 respondents (male: 30.9%; female: 69.1%) aged 19 to 25 years old took part in the study. The overall prevalence of disordered eating was 25.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9; 28.7) with females (28.6%, 95% CI 24.6; 32.9) higher than males (15.6%, 95% CI 10.5; 21.9). Multivariate analysis showed for both male and female models, perceived sociocultural pressure (male: β = 1.125, p < 0.01; female: β = 1.052, p = 0.003), drive for muscularity (male: β = 1.033, p = 0.017; female: β = 1.032, p < 0.01) and perfectionism (male: β = 1.098, p = 0.02; female:β = 1.119, p < 0.01) were predictors for disordered eating. Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered eating among college and university students in Sarawak was high. The findings suggest that although there were gender differences in the prevalence of disordered eating, its associated factors were the same. The findings of this study will be useful for designing and implementing disordered eating prevention and intervention programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletes’ perfectionism is influenced by personality, which in turn leads to differences in athletic performance. This study investigates the intricate relationship between perfectionism and the Big Five personality traits, particularly within the context of athletes. We apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to survey data to identify which personality combinations lead to perfectionism. The study sample selected through purposive sampling from various sports disciplines within Macao and Anhui Province. Personality traits and perfectionism levels were assessed using the Simplified Chinese Big Five Personality Questionnaire (CBF-PI) and the Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire (CFMPS). Results indicate that neuroticism and conscientiousness are crucial in predicting perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings, respectively. Three personality configurations leading to perfectionistic concerns were identified, with high neuroticism, high conscientiousness, low extraversion, and low openness being core conditions. Four configurations leading to perfectionistic strivings were identified, with low neuroticism, high conscientiousness, high agreeableness, and either high extraversion or high openness as core conditions. The study reveals the complex interactions between personality traits and challenges the variable-centered research approach. The results underscore the importance of understanding the multidimensionality and complexity of perfectionism in athletes and offer directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aetiology of Sleep bruxism includes specific personality traits, related to perfectionism. Aim: To investigate the relationship between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and personality traits in children and their parents, determining whether children with PSB and their parents are more perfectionists. Design: This case–control study included 104 children aged 8–9 years, 52 cases and 52 controls. A clinical examination was performed on the children who completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ‐NA) and the Child Perfectionism Inventory. Parents completed a bruxism diagnostic questionnaire according to the AASM criteria, BFQ and Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale questionnaires. t‐Tests for independent samples and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant relationship between PSB and a self‐demanding personality (OR = 1.11, p =.01), restless sleep (OR = 4.41, p =.004), and a family history of clenching and grinding teeth (OR = 3.07, p =.0006) was found in a binary logistic regression model. When adjusted, only restless sleep showed a significant relationship with PSB (p =.03, OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.13–9.81). Conclusion: Children whose parents reported as clenching or grinding their teeth while asleep in the previous 6 months, and who were found to have abnormal dental wear, had significantly more nightmares, sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness, family history of bruxism, and tended to be more perfectionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated perfectionism and procrastination from the trait and cognitive perspectives and addressed how they relate to components of a personal orientation toward failure. A sample of 327 undergraduate students completed three perfectionism measures (i.e., Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Hewitt–Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory), two procrastination measures (i.e., Lay Procrastination Scale and Procrastinatory Cognitions Inventory), and measures of fear of failure and overgeneralizing failure. Correlational analyses showed that the composite trait dimension of perfectionistic concerns and the cognitive dimension of perfectionistic automatic thoughts had modest links with trait procrastination but much stronger links with the cognitive measure of procrastinatory automatic thoughts. All perfectionism and procrastination measures were significantly correlated with fear of failure and overgeneralization of failure. More extensive analyses showed that fear of failure mediated trait and cognitive pathways between perfectionism and procrastination, and the overgeneralization of failure mediated most pathways. Other evidence supported a sequential mediation between perfectionism and procrastination (i.e., fear of failure followed by the overgeneralization of failure). Overall, the results suggest that procrastinating perfectionists have a cognitive hypersensitivity to failure and a potentially debilitating form of perfectionistic reactivity characterized by overgeneralizing failures to the self. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research evaluates the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) by considering the links between measures of trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation and measures of social support, loneliness, and distress in cross-sectional research. A particular focus is on perfectionism and levels of social support as assessed by the Social Provisions Scale. The current study also uniquely evaluates levels of perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in undergraduate students, medical students, and law students. The results across samples provided evidence that loneliness mediates the link between interpersonal perfectionism and distress in keeping with the predictions of the PSDM. Correlational results found robust links between loneliness and low levels of social support. Moreover, socially prescribed perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were associated negatively with social support, and this was especially evident in terms of the facet tapping the nondisclosure of imperfections. Group comparisons of perfectionism yielded few significant differences in accordance with expectations. Levels of perfectionism tended to be lower among medical students. However, the links between perfectionism and distress were clearly evident among undergraduates, medical students, and law students, thus attesting to the vulnerability of perfectionistic students in general. Overall, the results further confirm the relevance of perfectionism in distress among students and applicability of the PSDM in various types of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the associations among trait perfectionism, worry about mistakes, mistake rumination, L2 anxiety, and willingness to communicate in adolescents. A key element was examining the psychometric properties of a new measure of worry about mistakes as well as the Mistake Rumination Scale and the short Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and its two dimensions (i.e., self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism). Our participants were 954 Iranian adolescent English learners. Psychometric tests supported the psychometric properties and use of the mistakes and perfectionism measures. Correlation analyses indicated that both trait perfectionism dimensions were associated with mistake rumination and worry about mistakes, and socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with L2 anxiety. However, self-oriented perfectionism was associated with greater willingness to communicate. Further analyses showed that worry about mistakes and mistake rumination mediated the association that socially prescribed perfectionism had with L2 anxiety. The vulnerabilities of adolescent perfectionists are discussed in terms of the approach-avoidance conflict as it relates to worry about mistakes and pressures to be perfect. It is evident that adolescents who are vulnerable must learn cognitive and emotional regulation techniques to effectively manage mistakes and the pressure to be perfect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current introductory article, we discuss the importance of balancing the variable-centered research in the perfectionism field with a person-focused approach. We examine the utility of a person-centered approach in assessment, research, and theory and the need to revisit overlooked themes central to understanding people who are extreme perfectionists. Our analysis focuses on addressing the core unaddressed issue of why perfectionists as unique individuals absolutely need to be perfect. We describe measures to assess individual differences in this need to be perfect and themes reflecting the need to be perfect that require investigation. The papers in this third special issue on perfectionism are then introduced and considered as examples of the merits of a broad approach that goes beyond trait perfectionism to also include perfectionistic self-presentation and the cognitive experience of perfectionism. We conclude by examining how certain variable-centered studies described in the current special issue yield insights about perfectionists as people when individuals are considered from a person-focused perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on ego-focused self-image goals as central to understanding the vulnerability inherent in perfectionism and the link that perfectionism has with poorer health and emotional well-being. The present study expands theory and research on perfectionism from a unique motivational perspective through a longitudinal investigation of perfectionism, the pursuit of self-image goals related to self-improvement, and mental and physical health among 187 university students. Our central finding was that trait and self-presentational perfectionism were associated longitudinally with self-image goals and poorer mental and physical health. Longitudinal analyses showed that perfectionistic self-presentation predicted subsequent self-image goals, controlling for initial self-image goals. Additionally, self-image goals were associated with worse mental and physical health and greater loneliness and social anxiety. Collectively, our results illustrate the benefits of assessing problematic personal goals in perfectionism and the need to revise existing motivational accounts by recognizing the important role ego-involved goals play in guiding much of what perfectionists do and how they act in their daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current article, we describe the development and validation of the Social Comparison Rumination Scale. This measured was developed as a supplement to existing social comparison measures and to enable us to determine its potential relevance to perfectionism and other personality constructs. The Social Comparison Rumination Scale (SCRS) is a six-item inventory assessing the extent to which an individual is cognitively preoccupied and thinking repetitively about social comparison outcomes and information. Three studies with five samples of university students are described. Psychometric analyses established the SCRS consists of one factor assessed with high internal consistency and the measure is reliable and valid. Analyses showed that elevated levels of social comparison rumination are associated with trait perfectionism, perfectionistic automatic thoughts, perfectionistic self-presentation, ruminative brooding, burnout, depression, and fear of negative evaluation. Links were also established between social comparison rumination and both narcissism and dispositional envy. Overall, our findings support the further use of the SCRS and highlight the tendency of many people to think in deleterious ways about social comparisons long after the actual comparisons have taken place. We discuss social comparison rumination within the context of concerns about excessive social media use and young people being exposed to seemingly perfect lives that became a vexing cognitive preoccupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) and the Existential Model of Perfectionism and Depressive Symptoms (EMPDS) are promising models of perfectionism and psychopathology. However, research examining suicide ideation within the PSDM is scarce, and no research has examined suicide ideation as an outcome in the EMPDS. Moreover, tests of the PSDM and EMPDS have been conducted separately and most research has examined the PSDM and EMPDS using cross-sectional or two-wave longitudinal designs, which do not provide a satisfactory test of mediation. In the current study, we addressed these limitations by testing whether perfectionism confers vulnerability to suicide ideation via feelings of mattering and anti-mattering (from the PSDM) and via difficulty accepting the past (from the EMPDS) in a three-wave longitudinal design in two independent samples of undergraduate students and community adults. Participants completed measures on three occasions over 6 weeks. Findings revealed that socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly predicted suicide ideation via difficulty accepting the past in both samples. In addition, in the undergraduate sample only, socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly predicted higher suicide ideation via anti-mattering, and self-oriented perfectionism indirectly predicted higher suicide ideation via mattering. Based on our findings, we advocate for future research to include suicide ideation in the PSDM and EMPDS, to integrate explanatory models, and to examine a mattering-specific EMPDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) negatively impacts thoughts, beliefs, cognitions, and emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a model of OCD based on family functioning and life stressors with the mediation of perfectionism in students. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on students in Tehran during the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample size was 404 participants, selected through multistage cluster sampling. The research instruments included the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (Hodgson & Rachman, 1977), Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al., 1983), Life Events Scale (Pekel et al., 1971), and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost et al., 1990). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with path analysis in SPSS and PLS software. Findings: The results showed that the model of OCD based on family functioning and life stressors with the mediation of perfectionism in students had a good fit. Additionally, family functioning and life stressors had a direct and significant effect on perfectionism and OCD, and perfectionism had a direct and significant effect on OCD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, family functioning and life stressors had an indirect and significant effect on OCD through the mediation of perfectionism (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate the significant mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between family functioning and life stressors with OCD. Therefore, to reduce OCD, interventions can focus on improving family functioning, reducing life stressors, and enhancing perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study explores the experiences of a group of self-identified perfectionists in relation to perfectionism associated with their crafting. It focuses on the participants’ own perceptions of (1) to whom their perfectionistic behavior was directed or by whom it was caused, and (2) whether and how the participants’ perfectionism was manifested both positively and negatively. The focal points mirror the constructs of perfectionism by Hewitt and Flett (1991) and Stoeber and Otto (2006). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 Finnish people who identified as women and whose hobby was crafting. Inductive and deductive reasoning were used in the content analysis process to identify themes in the transcribed data. The themes that were identified, namely dimension of perfectionism, positive manifestation of perfectionism, and negative manifestation of perfectionism, provided answers for the research questions. The participants’ accounts suggest that their perfectionism was self-oriented, and it manifested both positively and negatively in varying degrees. However, the negative influence of perfectionism seemed to outweigh its positive influence. The findings were in line with previous studies of perfectionism in creative activities. Moreover, they support the presented theories which suggest that the perfectionism construct includes both positive and negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that perfectionism has been associated with interpersonal, academic, and mental health difficulties in university students, helping them manage their perfectionism is crucial. This pilot trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of an online perfectionism program designed to target the mechanisms that link perfectionism to psychological distress. Seventy first-year psychology students from Macquarie University with high levels of perfectionism were recruited into this two-arm pilot trial and randomised to either the intervention (i.e., perfectionism program) or attention placebo control (i.e., lifestyle program) condition. We assessed indicators of feasibility and acceptability, as well as measures related to perfectionism, psychological distress, emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and academic functioning at baseline, one-month post treatment, and three-month follow-up (blinded outcome assessment). Our analyses revealed that, while participants expressed overall satisfaction with the program, there was low engagement with it (Mcompletion rate=36.23%), and retention in the study was low (response rates for post-treatment: 65.71% and follow-up: 48.57%). Bearing this in mind, our linear mixed model analyses revealed greater reductions in perfectionistic traits and cognitions, interpersonal hostility, and loneliness, as well as increases in self-compassion in the intervention group compared to the control group at post-treatment and/or follow-up. However, we did not observe statistically significant changes in other important treatment outcomes (e.g.,psychological distress). Given these findings, adjustments to improve engagement and retention should occur before proceeding with a larger, definitive trial. This trial was retrospectively registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (no. ACTRN12622000960752). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the perfectionism social disconnection model (PSDM), this study focused on understanding the perfectionism-suicidality link by including appearance-based rejection sensitivity and loneliness as mediators. In this study, the potential direct and indirect roles of self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism on suicidal ideation were examined. A convenient sample of 1483 Chinese university students (42.9% male, Mage = 19.14; SDage = 1.03) completed self-report measures of the constructs above. The hypothesized model was tested through path analyses using a bootstrapping approach for the direct, indirect, and total effects. The results indicated that (a) socially prescribed–but not self-oriented– perfectionism has a significant direct path to suicidal ideation; (b) loneliness significantly mediated the association between the two kinds of perfectionism and suicidal ideation; and (c) appearance-based rejection sensitivity and loneliness serially mediated the association between socially prescribed perfectionism/ self-oriented perfectionism and suicidal ideation. The limitations, such as cross-sectional design, use of self-report instruments, and nonclinical samples, call for further investigation. Our findings provide important empirical data guiding future prevention programs for suicide in young adults from a new perspective and suggest that individuals high in perfectionism, particularly socially prescribed perfectionism, can be identified and recruited for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism has been a popular topic of interest in psychological research over the last three decades, with research focusing on youth emerging in the early 2000s. However, the term ‘perfectionism’ is rarely used outside of a psychological framework. Despite lexical differences, girlhood studies researchers have employed a sociocultural lens to study ‘supergirls’: teenage girls who strive to have it all, at all costs. Although these literatures seem to explore a similar phenomenon, they tend to remain disparate. Consequently, this paper argues for the utility of a multidisciplinary framework for studying youth perfectionism to bridge these two seemingly opposite, yet mutually informing, literatures. First, disciplinary understandings of youth who strive for perfection in psychology and girlhood studies, respectively, are summarized. In the following section, a multidisciplinary reading of the extant literature is applied to offer a nuanced account of who a teenage perfectionist may be and how perfectionism might manifest among diverse youth. This article concludes with a call for researchers from both psychological and sociocultural backgrounds to embrace a multidisciplinary framework for research with perfectionistic youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Parenting is stressful for parents, especially mothers, along with many challenges and responsibilities, and many factors can affect parental stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between perfectionism and parental stress in mothers of elementary school students. Materials and Methods: The present research is descriptive. The statistical population included the mothers of elementary school students in Arak City in the academic year 2022-2023, out of which 300 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method and completed Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism, Parental Stress Short Form, and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and structural equations modeling. Results: The results showed that mothers' emotional intelligence has a negative and significant relationship with parental stress (r=- 0.67), and parental perfectionism has a positive and significant relationship with parental stress (r=0.26) (p<0.001). But there was no significant relationship between perfectionism and emotional intelligence in mothers (p>0.05). According to the structural model, emotional intelligence had a moderating role in the relationship between perfectionism and parental stress (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it appears that high perfectionism and low emotional intelligence in mothers can increase their parenting stress. On the other hand, in mothers who have high emotional intelligence, perfectionism will have less effect on parenting stress. Therefore, increasing emotional intelligence in mothers is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The susceptibility of athletes to experience of emotional and psychological difficulties arising from the pressure and expectations associated with achieving and maintaining high performance can become a vulnerability in the desire to achieve success in sport. This study aims to investigate the protective value in the perception of satisfaction in basic psychological needs against the vulnerability that perfectionism generates in the appearance of reactivity linked to fear of failure. A cross-sectional, relational, and semi-randomized research design was used, applying perfectionism, fear of failure, and basic psychological needs measures adapted to both the competitive sports context and the Spanish language in a sample of 372 young Spanish athletes, under descriptive analyses and predictive models. The results showed that as the age of the participants increased, the indicators of perfectionism and fear of failure decreased, with no gender differences. The results offer and confirm the positive relationships between the dimensions of perfectionism and fear of making mistakes (where processes such as self-devaluation and fear of failing the people that participants deemed as important to them are intertwined). The perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, social relationships, and competence emerges as protective factors that mediate the perfectionism–fear of failure relationship. On the other hand, discrepancies are shown between the perfectionist dimensions concerning the relationships with the BPNs, describing certain sources of vulnerability, although there are adjustments of mental effort and discomfort in the young athletes. The conclusions offer the opportunity to investigate the aspects that facilitate the emergence of fear of failure in young athletes, mainly the performance of coaches connected to the emergence of patterns in pursuit of perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies have highlighted the relevance of perfectionism, self‐esteem, and anxio‐depressive symptoms in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the relationships between these factors and cardinal eating disorders (ED) symptoms remain unclear, particularly in AN subtypes. This study aimed to examine their interconnections using network analysis. Method: The sample included n = 338 inpatients with AN who completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Using network analysis, we estimated three networks: full sample, AN‐restrictive (AN‐R) and AN‐binge/purging (AN‐BP) subtypes. We estimated central and bridge symptoms using expected influence and conducted an exploratory network comparison test to compare AN subtypes. Results: Overvaluation of Weight and Shape, Concern over Mistakes, and Personal Standards were consistently central in all networks. The most central bridge symptoms across all networks were Concern over Mistakes and Self‐Esteem. Concern over Mistakes bridged perfectionism and ED symptoms, while Self‐Esteem was highly connected to all symptom clusters. Anxiety was significantly more central in the AN‐R network compared to the AN‐BP network. Conclusions: The present study contributes to a growing body of network studies suggesting that nodes related to perfectionism are just as central as cardinal ED symptoms, indicating the relevance of perfectionism in ED pathology. The high bridge centrality of self‐esteem suggests that it may be an important link between perfectionism, mood, and ED symptoms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of targeting multiple psychological factors in the treatment of AN, as well as their potential transdiagnostic relevance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study contributes to a growing body of work pointing to the relevance of perfectionism, self‐esteem, and anxiety/depression in the symptomatology of anorexia nervosa (AN). The most central symptoms in the network included basing one's value on weight and shape, concern over making mistakes, high personal standards, anxiety, and self‐esteem, indicating that these factors may be important targets to consider in the treatment of AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy of combined cognitive bias modification (CBM) on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty. Fifty‐four university students scoring over 70.5 on the Brief Symptom Measure were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo control groups. The CBM intervention was administered online for 4 weeks. Assessments were given at baseline, after the 4‐week intervention, and 1 month post‐intervention. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in two dimensions of perfectionism, concern over mistakes and parental criticism, and intolerance of uncertainty of those in the experimental group, compared to those in the control group. The findings related to the interpretation of perfectionism revealed a significant interaction effect of time and direction of sentences for the experimental group. Lastly, the experimental group's interpretation bias scores for intolerance of uncertainty showed a statistically significant increase after the intervention compared to those in the control group. The study's findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of CBM on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Theory and research indicate that an appearance focused self-concept (i.e., placing overriding importance on physical appearance for self-definition and self-worth) plays a role in the etiology and maintenance of disordered eating and eating disorders. Although the consequences of an appearance focused self-concept are palpable, less is known about its correlates. Accordingly, we examined a range of factors that may characterize appearance focused people, including personality traits (perfectionism, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity), self-concept (global self-esteem and self-concept clarity), sociocultural (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal, general attractiveness internalizations, and perceived pressure to be thin), and early life experiences (adverse childhood experiences, attachment styles) factors. Methods: Female undergraduate university students (N = 568; Mage = 19.58, SDage = 4.24) completed a questionnaire battery that included the Beliefs About Appearance Scale, Depressive Experiences Questionnaire–Self-Criticism-6 Scale, Frost-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Revised Almost Perfect Scale, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, Self-Concept Clarity Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale Short Form, and the Dietary Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire. Results: Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each set of factors separately and together. For personality traits, perfectionism, impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For self-concept, global self-esteem and self-concept clarity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For sociocultural, general attractiveness internalization, thin-ideal internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For early life experiences, attachment anxiety and avoidance were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. In the combined analysis, the various factors explained 54% of the variance in appearance focused self-concept. Impulsivity, global self-esteem, general attractiveness internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. Conclusions: Results for global self-esteem were consistent with prior research. Findings for evaluative concerns perfectionism were inconsistent with prior research. We discuss future research directions to examine the link between evaluative concerns perfectionism and appearance focused self-concept. We also discuss how sociocultural factors (general attractiveness internalization and perceived pressure to be thin) and impulsivity may help cultivate an appearance focused self-concept, advancing knowledge on the characteristics of appearance-focused people. Plain English Summary: It has been proposed that people who place more (relative to less) importance on appearance in their self-concept are more likely to engage in disordered eating and to have eating disorders, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of people who place more (relative to less) importance on appearance in their self-concept. Accordingly, we examined how the importance people give to appearance in their self-concept may be linked to various aspects of their personality, self-perception, societal influences, and early life experiences. Questionnaires were given to 568 female university students—a group that is known to be vulnerable to disordered eating and eating disorders. We found that some factors were connected to how much importance is placed on appearance. In particular, feeling pressure to be thin, wanting to be attractive, thinking poorly of oneself, and being impulsive were all linked to giving appearance more importance in the self-concept. These findings help us learn more about the people who view appearance as central in their lives. Understanding these connections can help us support people living with disordered eating and eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Perfectionism is linked to a variety of mental health conditions in university students. The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model posits that perfectionistic individuals exhibit off‐putting interpersonal behaviors (i.e., rejection sensitivity and hostility), which lead to social disconnection, and in turn contribute to psychological distress. Although several longitudinal studies have found that social disconnection mediates the link between perfectionistic traits and psychological distress, less is known about how perfectionism leads to social disconnection. The present study aimed to address this gap. Methods: A sample of 877 university students completed one survey a month for three consecutive months. Results: Our random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model results showed significant positive associations between the random intercepts of socially prescribed and self‐oriented perfectionism with rejection sensitivity, hostility, and loneliness, with stronger associations for socially prescribed perfectionism. In addition, the random intercept of other‐oriented perfectionism showed positive associations with hostility but not rejection sensitivity or loneliness. Moreover, almost all cross‐lagged paths were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that although perfectionistic traits may be associated with rejection sensitivity and hostility to varying degrees at the between‐person level, these behaviors may not cause social disconnection at the within‐person level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clergy wives often face high congregational expectations that impact their psychological well-being. This study investigates the impact of perceived congregational perfectionism on the psychological well-being of 215 Asian clergy wives and explores the moderating effects of self-compassion, social support, and communion with God. The results indicated that the two perceived congregational perfectionism dimensions—perceived congregational standards and judgment—were positively associated with depression, emotional exhaustion, and loneliness. Contrary to the previous literature, high congregational standards alone (without critical judgment) were associated with negative psychological outcomes. Additionally, self-compassion and communion with God emerged as significant buffers against depression associated with congregational perfectionism. However, these protective factors did not significantly prevent ministry burnout or loneliness. This study highlights the maladaptive nature of congregational perfectionism in clergy wives and emphasizes the importance of protective factors like communion with God and self-compassion. It also suggests the need for further research on diverse samples and additional protective factors while providing insights for clinicians and ministry organizations in developing coping strategies that emphasize self-compassion and spiritual practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marriage is a crucial aspect of human life, offering profound intimacy and companionship. A successful marriage provides a sense of belonging and protection against life's challenges, while a failed marriage can lead to significant distress. Aim: This study aimed to investigate how resilience mediates the effects of perfectionism on marital adjustment. Subjects and Method: Design: A descriptive correlational design was used, adhering to STROBE guidelines. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculties of Nursing at Damanhour University and Alexandria University, Egypt. Subjects: The sample included married nursing students, selected through convenience sampling. Tools: Data were collected using three tools: Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale ( -Item Version), Perfectionism Scale, and Marital Adjustment Scale. Results: Most participants reported high levels of resilience and marital adjustment, while perfectionism was moderate to high. Correlation analysis revealed negative correlation between resilience and perfectionism, strong positive correlation between resilience and marital adjustment, and negative correlation between perfectionism and marital adjustment. Path analysis confirmed that resilience partially mediated the negative effects of perfectionism on marital adjustment. Conclusion: The study reveals that resilience positively influences marital adjustment, while perfectionism negatively impacts it. Resilience partially mediates the relationship between perfectionism and marital adjustment, suggesting that enhancing resilience can mitigate the adverse effects of perfectionism on marital satisfaction. Implications: Mental health nurses should plan cognitive-behavioral therapy to address maladaptive perfectionism and enhance resilience, improving marital adjustment. Psycho-education and counseling programs should focus on setting realistic expectations, improving communication skills, and fostering resilience among nursing students. Premarital counseling and ongoing support can help couples manage conflicts and maintain a stable, satisfying marital relationship, contributing to their well- being and the quality of care they provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pediatricians in training are a population at risk for anxiety and depression: they face long working hours, they are confronted with the suffering and death of a vulnerable population and may have personal characteristics that put them in danger. Nonetheless, few studies have looked at their prevalence and associated factors. We aimed to compare demographic, professional activities, adversities and perfectionism personality features between a group of pediatricians in training with depression and/or anxiety and a group of pediatricians in training without depression nor anxiety and, to identify the variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety in pediatricians in training. Methods: Pediatric residents who voluntarily answered an online survey distributed via personal and institutional social media channels from October 2019 to April 2021, as part of a cross-sectional study with medical specialists and residents from Mexico were included. Demographic information, professional activities and adversities, perfectionism personality features (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), depression and anxiety (ICD-11 PHC) were evaluated. For comparison purposes Chi-square tests (2) and independent sample t-tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify those variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety. Results: 934 pediatric residents answered the survey. 11.6% reported having depression and 20% anxiety. Being single, a history of anxious or depressive episodes, being the resident in charge of a patient who died, aggressions from colleagues and a high concern for errors were associated with current depression and/or anxiety. Discussion: Screening for depressive and anxious symptoms should be routinely performed from entry to the residency to favor early intervention. A shift from promoting perfectionism to a more compassionate training could serve a population facing so many adversities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Procrastination is common among university students and associated with adverse outcomes such as physical and mental health problems. According to the Temporal motivation theory procrastination may vary over time depending on the temporal proximity to goals and deadlines. Aims To determine if mean procrastination levels among university students varies over an academic year, and if trajectories of procrastination are moderated by gender identity, perfectionistic strivings, and/or perfectionistic concerns. Sample Swedish university students (n = 1410). Methods The cohort was followed with web-surveys at four time-points over one academic year (Late semester, Mid semester, After semester, and Early semester). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean levels of self-rated procrastination at the different time-points. Results We found only small fluctuations in mean procrastination levels over the academic year. Participants with high perfectionistic concerns demonstrated higher mean procrastination levels at all time-points, but neither gender identity, perfectionistic concerns nor perfectionistic strivings affected the slope of the mean procrastination trajectories. Conclusions In this cohort of Swedish university students, self-rated procrastination levels were stable over the academic year. Perfectionistic concerns, but not gender identity or perfectionistic strivings, was associated with higher levels of procrastination.

Abstract Background Among medical residents, suicide is the second most prevalent cause of mortality. In Iran, the suicide of medical residents has become one of the most important challenges. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation among medical residents in Iran. Methods This research was a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present research included all the residents in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in 2023, of whom 277 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI-1997), the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS-2007) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21-1995) were used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and Amos software version 22. Results Out of 277 participants, 30% (N = 83) were male and 70% (N = 194) were female. The findings showed that the research model had goodness of fit. There was a significant relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress (β = 0.76, P 0.01), but perfectionism played a role in residents’ suicidal ideation through psychological distress (β = 0.50, P

Nonsuicidal self-injury typically involves deliberate harm without suicidal intent; however, rare cases exist where self-injury occurs unintentionally, without conscious awareness. This report presents the case of a 16-year-old boy who exhibited unintentional self-harm during sleep, associated with severe academic stress and perfectionism. Despite psychological and medical interventions, the behavior persisted until academic stress was alleviated. This case highlights the need for a differentiated clinical approach to managing unintentional self-harm, emphasizing the importance of stress management and psychological support in adolescents to address the underlying emotional and behavioral triggers.

Abstract Background Social media use, perfectionism, and disordered eating have all increased over the last decades. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between self-presentation behaviors and being exposed to others’ self-presentation on social media, and disordered eating. Studies also show that the relationship between focus on self-presentation and highly visual social media is stronger than for non-visual social media, hence facilitating upward social comparison. Nevertheless, no previous studies have investigated the link between adolescents’ focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media, and perfectionism and disordered eating, which is the aim of the present study. Method The present study is based on a cross-sectional survey from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study (N = 3424), conducted in 2020 and 2021. Respondents were high school students (mean age 17.3 years, 56% females) in Bergen, Norway. Multiple regression analysis was performed, where SPAUSCIS, a measure of self-presentation and upward social comparison, was the independent variable. Perfectionism and disordered eating were dependent variables. Self-reported age, gender, and subjective socioeconomic status were used as covariates, as well as frequency and duration of social media use. Regression models were performed to compare proportions across the median split of SPAUSCIS. Results The multiple regression analysis showed that increased focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media were positively associated with both perfectionism (standardized coefficient 0.28) and disordered eating. A stronger association for girls than boys was found for disordered eating (standardized coefficient 0.39 for girls and 0.29 for boys). There was no gender moderation for perfectionism. Conclusions Findings suggest that focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media is associated with perfectionism and disordered eating. We recommend promoting a healthy use of social media. This could be established by increasing adolescents’ ability to reflect on and think critically about self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media.

Network models of psychopathology can identify specific items/symptoms that explain the connections among broader constructs such as depression, anxiety, and perfectionism. In two studies, we examine the dynamic interplay between depression, anxiety, and perfectionism symptoms among undergraduates using structural equation modeling (SEM) and network analysis. Participants in two independent samples (N = 774 and N = 759) completed online, cross-sectional questionnaires including measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perfectionism (i.e., concerns over mistakes, doubts about actions, and personal standards). When analyzing data in the traditional fashion using SEM as a point of comparison, results from both samples were consistent with the existing literature. After controlling for all other perfectionism variables in the model, concerns over mistakes and doubts about actions were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms (βs from .21 to .46), while personal standards showed negative associations with depressive symptoms (β = -.20 both samples) and non-significant associations with anxiety symptoms (βs from -.09. to -.03). Nonetheless, model fit for the confirmatory factor model was below ideal cutoffs in the second sample, suggesting other structures (e.g., a network model) might better represent the data. Network analyses revealed associations between constructs at the item level across both samples. Four key symptoms emerged as central nodes linking depression, anxiety, and perfectionism: difficulty taking initiative to do activities, feeling worthless, feeling close to panic, and doubts about simple everyday activities. This study underscores the importance of investigating item-level associations for a nuanced interpretation of these constructs.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the perfectionism scale regarding physical appearance in patients seeking rhinoplasty. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 250 individuals seeking rhinoplasty in Kermanshah beauty clinics. Participants were purposively selected. Tools included perfectionism, social comparison, and body image acceptance scales. Divergence and convergence were assessed using various scales. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and LISREL. Results: The obtained value for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.83, indicating that the sample adequacy was desirable, and the data in this study had the potential for factor analysis. The significance level for Bartlett's test of sphericity was also less than 0.0001, demonstrating the appropriateness of factor analysis for identifying the structure (factor model). Furthermore, the Cronbach's alpha-coefficient for the entire scale was 0.853, indicating acceptable questionnaire reliability. Internal consistency among the perfectionism subscales was confirmed. Additionally, the correlation between perfectionism subscales and measures of interindividual sensitivity and body appearance acceptance was confirmed (p < 0.001). Results supported the convergent validity of perfectionism with appearance acceptance and the divergent validity of perfectionism with interindividual sensitivity. Conclusion: This questionnaire, a self-report tool for measuring perfectionism traits in individuals seeking rhinoplasty, is recommended for use alongside interviews and observations for a thorough assessment. However, results may be influenced by individual biases. Despite this, the acceptable validity and reliability of this questionnaire make it suitable for research.

Abstract Background Theory and research indicate that an appearance focused self-concept (i.e., placing overriding importance on physical appearance for self-definition and self-worth) plays a role in the etiology and maintenance of disordered eating and eating disorders. Although the consequences of an appearance focused self-concept are palpable, less is known about its correlates. Accordingly, we examined a range of factors that may characterize appearance focused people, including personality traits (perfectionism, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity), self-concept (global self-esteem and self-concept clarity), sociocultural (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal, general attractiveness internalizations, and perceived pressure to be thin), and early life experiences (adverse childhood experiences, attachment styles) factors. Methods Female undergraduate university students (N = 568; M age = 19.58, SD age = 4.24) completed a questionnaire battery that included the Beliefs About Appearance Scale, Depressive Experiences Questionnaire–Self-Criticism-6 Scale, Frost-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Revised Almost Perfect Scale, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, Self-Concept Clarity Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale Short Form, and the Dietary Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire. Results Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each set of factors separately and together. For personality traits, perfectionism, impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For self-concept, global self-esteem and self-concept clarity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For sociocultural, general attractiveness internalization, thin-ideal internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For early life experiences, attachment anxiety and avoidance were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. In the combined analysis, the various factors explained 54% of the variance in appearance focused self-concept. Impulsivity, global self-esteem, general attractiveness internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. Conclusions Results for global self-esteem were consistent with prior research. Findings for evaluative concerns perfectionism were inconsistent with prior research. We discuss future research directions to examine the link between evaluative concerns perfectionism and appearance focused self-concept. We also discuss how sociocultural factors (general attractiveness internalization and perceived pressure to be thin) and impulsivity may help cultivate an appearance focused self-concept, advancing knowledge on the characteristics of appearance-focused people.