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The unprecedented pace of urbanization has been exerting significant strain on cities, raising critical concerns across environmental, economic, social, and technological aspects. In response, the ‘Smart City’ concept has emerged as a novel urban development paradigm, aiming at addressing contemporary urban issues, enhancing cities’ competitiveness and prosperity, and fostering active participation through the strategic utilization of state-of-the-art technologies. However, the smart city term suffers from considerable conceptual ambiguity, thereby provoking intense confusion and misunderstanding among interested parties and leading to the implementation of ineffective initiatives. Moreover, the priorities of sustainability, resilience, and inclusiveness have gained prominence in the urban planning discourse, necessitating a more integrated view that aligns urban targets with performance assessment across various domains. In light of these issues, this study endeavors to clarify the above-mentioned conceptual vagueness by developing a holistic, indicator-oriented smart city ontology. The proposed knowledge representation scheme is intended to serve as a Decision Support Tool that will facilitate policymakers to tackle urban challenges and formulate sound policies. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to the fields of spatial and developmental planning by establishing a standardized framework for assessing and monitoring cities’ performance, while elucidating the complex interrelationships and trade-offs among diverse urban dimensions.

The emergence of the smart campus approach for university campuses addresses the digital transformation needs of higher education institutions, driven by the increasing capability and popularity of digital technologies like artificial intelligence and the internet of things. While existing research has laid a foundation for conceptualizing smart campuses and developing implementation frameworks, a significant gap remains in understanding how to assess a university campus's 'smartness' effectively. The lack of a robust assessment framework makes it challenging to gauge the effectiveness of smart campus initiatives and identify areas for improvement. This study aims to bridge this research gap by identifying key indicators for evaluating the 'smartness' of university campuses. Using a narrative literature review method, the study comprehensively reviews the recent literature on smart campuses, organizational management, and societal applications, focusing on identifying pertinent indicators. By incorporating insights from different domains, the study presents a holistic understanding of the indicators necessary for assessing the 'smartness' of university campuses through the proposed smart campus assessment framework. The framework and the insights generated inform researchers and decision-makers in assessing and monitoring the effectiveness of smart campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background and aims: Performance assessment and also performance indicators have a great importance in all aspects of life. By these indicators appropriate responses to what is happening for make some improvement, could be determined. In the past, the safety and health performance of organizations was measured with using of some indicators from the USA Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) such as the rate of recorded injuries, the rate of lost days, the rate of workerschr('39') complaints, and so on. Determining of this information were done to compare the health and safety status of contractors and industries and ranking them. However, improvement or weakening the safety and health status is cleared by the OSHA indicators, but the ways were not determined by these indicators. The main objective of measuring safety and health performance is to provide the necessary information on the developments and current status of strategies, processes and activities that an organization is conducting to control health and safety risks. Safety performance indicators are divided into two main categories: the leading and the lagging indicators. The leading indicators are the organizationchr('39')s actions for predicting and preventing incidents and accidents before they occur, while the lagging indicators are shown the organizationchr('39')s performance after the occurrence of the accidents to reduce its consequences. Sustainable urban development is a high-profile goal, and its realization in metropolitan areas requires the use of efficient management practices and extensive planning. The extent and complexity of urban issues and the urban ever- increasing development have made urban management a difficult task. In addition to issues such as transportation, urban planning and management is one of the important factors that has a main influence on urban constructive factors. In organizations such as the municipality, and on a wider dimension in societies, various plans and policies such as environmental plans, safety plans, crisis management, educational policies, occupational health plans, as well as some international standards for sustainable urban development were used. The Integrated Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS), by providing the appropriate structure and model, manages all these policies and plans, and, in addition to creating a specific order in the implementation of these programs helps to centralize costs and improve the economic status of the organization and the achievement of sustainable urban development. Performance measurement is the main issue at all levels of the organization and its improvement needs to be measured, so an organization cannot be conceived without a performance evaluation system. Measuring the performance of an organization in the HSE field is a precondition for continuous improvement. Different organizations and industries need to design performance measurement indicators to assessment and monitor the performance of the HSE management system and determine the effectiveness of themselves performance. Determining the performance assessment indicators of HSE in addition to measuring of the management system performance can lead to systematic identification of improvement points and reduction of HSE related risk factors and ultimately lead to increased organizational productivity. The research shows that the applied, comprehensive and structured model has not yet been designed and implemented to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the HSE management system in different metropolitan areas. Although there are some retrospective and prospective HSE performance assessment indicators in municipalities but these indicators are purely result-oriented and the creation and institutionalization of processes related to the seven components of the health, safety and environmental management system cannot be measured by them. What matters here is to create an appropriate method with sufficient accuracy to determine the effectiveness of the system. This research, while introducing an innovative model for quantitative ranking of different municipality areas of metropolitans according to the HSE performance assessment with using of AHP technique, the final goal is the determine of key indicators of urban HSE performance assessment. Methods: This descriptive-applied study was conducted in four steps. Step 1: Selecting HSE Performance Measurement Indicators and Urban Management: In the first step, a variety of safety and health management systems (HSE-MS, OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001, etc.), a variety of existing national and international health and safety assessment methods, guidelines, and requirements for safety and health management systems for determining the performance measurement indicators were studied. At this step, through the field visits of the different areas of the municipality and observing work processes, interviewing and organizing various meetings with HSE managers and experts, and studying documentation, the HSE performance assessment indicators in the three areas including process-oriented, result-oriented and urban management were categorized. Step 2: Selecting the components of the performance monitoring system: The findings suggest that the use of a systematic approach in different domains, in addition to integrating activities, has improved efficiency and effectiveness and increased operational efficiency. Accordingly, many organizations have set up various health, safety and environmental management systems as the basis of themselves operations. The use of the main components of an integrated management system to identify weaknesses or strengths of system is one of the effective measures for measuring performance. At this step, after determining the assessment axes, the performance assessment components were identified for each of the performance monitoring axes. Step 3: Development of Urban HSE Performance Assessment Indicators: At this step, the indicators for assessing the performance of the urban HSE management system were determined based on the components of each of the performance monitoring axes. According to the main components, the HSE management system was included 18 components such as commitment and leadership, policy, resources, etc. Also in the urban management part 6 components including economic sustainability, social sustainability, architecture and urbanization, demographics, political, legal, and industrial was considered. Indicators related to the result performance were also developed based on the components of the HSE performance output monitoring system in the six areas including safety, health, environment, education, culture and HSE of citizenship. Step 4: Select Key Performance Indicators: To create an effective HSE-MS performance measurement method, it is necessary to reduce the number of LPIs to fewer or the most important KPIs. This means that among the existing indicators, the best and most important indicators are selected based on the considered criteria. At this step, key performance indicators were selected from the sum of the extracted indicators based on the elements of the HSE management system using the AHP method. All indicators were compared in pairs and each of them was prioritized as a number between 1-9, 1 as lowest priority and 9 as most preferred. Couple comparisons were conducted based on SMART criteria and expert’s opinion. In this study, the paired comparison of axes and performance indicators and determining the weight vector of the indicators was performed using Expert Choice11 software. Results: In addition to examining the HSE management systems deployed in the municipalities, as well as using previous studies, the axes and indicators for assessing the performance of the urban HSE management system were determined. Of the 30 components and 155 indicators of performance assessment, 18 components and 98 indicators were related to monitoring of management system of HSE based on the seven elements and sub elements of the Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS). Performance output and urban management axes with 40 and 17 indicators, respectively, have a smaller share of the total indicators developed. Between the process-oriented performance axes, the commitment and leadership axes (0.198) and the HSE records of occupations (0.016) have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. The safety components (0.247) and training (0.150) had the highest and lowest weight in the result-oriented performance axes respectively and economic sustainability (0.301) and architecture and urban planning (0.122) had the highest and lowest weight in among the urban management functional axes respectively. After weighting the indicators for measurement of performance, 70 indicators that had the highest weight than other indicators were selected as key performance indicators. Of the 70 indicators, 47, 16 and 7 indicators are related to the HSE process, the result and urban management respectively. Between the functional sub axes of the HSE process, accident management, inspection, and audit each with five key performance indicators, has the highest measurement index compared to other HSE process sub axes. In the functional axis of the HSE result, the sub axes of ecology with 4 key performance indicators and the sub-axes of safety and health, each with 3 indicators, had the highest number of indicators in this axis. In the urban management axis, sub axes including the socio-cultural and architecture and urbanism axes, each with two key performance indicators, had 4 indicators of total 70 selected key performance indicators. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the determination of HSE performance indicators in addition to the components of the HSE management system should be done based on the type of macro management structure and other influential parameters of the organization. The study of the municipals management structure shows that the extracted indicators based on the components of the HSE management system alone cannot cover the urban HSE performance because of factors such as economic sustainability, socio-cultural, demographic, architectural, urban, and industrial-industrial can significantly affect the performance status of the HSE management system of city. Therefore, it is essential to design and codification of indicators as a tool for measuring the performance of management systems, all aspects of the management system in order to achieve the more accuracy and reliability be considered.

Control loop performance assessment (CPA) is essential in the operation of industrial systems. In this paper, the shortcomings of existing performance assessment methods and indicators are summarized firstly, and a novel evaluation method based on generalized correntropy criterion (GCC) is proposed to evaluate the performance of non-Gaussian stochastic systems. This criterion could characterize the statistical properties of non-Gaussian random variables more fully, so it can be directly used as the assessment index. When the expected output of the given system is unknown, generalized correntropy is used to describe the similarity of two random variables in the joint space neighborhood controlled and take it as the criterion function of the identification algorithms. To estimate the performance benchmark more quickly and accurately, a hybrid-EDA (H-EDA) combined with the idea of “wading across the stream algorithm” is proposed to obtain the system parameters and disturbance noise PDF. Through the simulation of a single loop feedback control system under different noise disturbances, the effectiveness of the improved algorithm and new indexes are verified.

Many arguments sustaining active modes of transport are related to ameliorating urban life. Biking should be one option for our daily trips including utilitarian trips and not only trips for leisure. Accordingly, designing cycle networks that meet citizens' requirements for daily trips is important to increase modal share. Particularly, it should take into account coherence, directness and attractiveness/comfort, not overlooking safety issues towards other road vehicles. Furthermore, it must consider also the current limitations of existing roads (lane width or gradient), in order not to hinder excessively existing road traffic while rearranging the carriageway for suitable cycle network. These objectives become more challenging when aiming to enlarge an incipient cycle network and make it grow to a large and ubiquitous one, in hilly and consolidated urban areas. The present research proposes a practice-ready method to be implemented for screening the existing road network to potentially rearrange the existing carriageway and accommodate a cycling network in urban areas with such characteristics. The methodology suggests also key indicators to analyze the potential performance of the cycle network, at an early planning stage. Although applied to Lisbon, the cycle network screening method is potentially relevant for countries where major urban agglomerations stand in hilly land and still want to see their cyclists grow in the next years. We conclude that it is possible to potentially fit a large cycle network of almost 20% of Lisbon's total road network. The possible network configurations obtained are assessed in terms of coherence, directness and attractiveness/comfort for bikers. Finally, construction costs of the cycle networks obtained were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control loop performance assessment (CPA) is essential in the operation of industrial systems. In this paper, the shortcomings of existing performance assessment methods and indicators are summarized firstly, and a novel evaluation method based on generalized correntropy criterion (GCC) is proposed to evaluate the performance of non-Gaussian stochastic systems. This criterion could characterize the statistical properties of non-Gaussian random variables more fully, so it can be directly used as the assessment index. When the expected output of the given system is unknown, generalized correntropy is used to describe the similarity of two random variables in the joint space neighborhood controlled and take it as the criterion function of the identification algorithms. To estimate the performance benchmark more quickly and accurately, a hybrid-EDA (H-EDA) combined with the idea of "wading across the stream algorithm" is proposed to obtain the system parameters and disturbance noise PDF. Through the simulation of a single loop feedback control system under different noise disturbances, the effectiveness of the improved algorithm and new indexes are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]