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The article focuses on the potential of social media as an alternative method for service of process in civil proceedings. It examines the limitations of traditional service methods, such as personal service, certified mail, and publication, and discusses how social media could address these shortcomings by providing more effective and accessible means of reaching defendants in the digital age.

The article is devoted to the empirical content characteristics of the digital environment affecting the functioning and development of regional markets for personal services. The list of indicators reflecting the formation of the digital environment has been clarified and trends in their changes in the framework of the implementation of national projects of the Russian Federation have been identified. It is established that the digital environment contributes to the evolution of telecommunication services that allow economic agents of regional markets of personal services to communicate through personal services. Consequently, it becomes possible, for example, the development of healthcare with the help of personalized medicine or, for example, the use of personalized learning opportunities, etc. Also, measures to regulate regional markets for personal services in the digital environment are considered and examples of regional practices are given. The authors emphasize such a major trend in the development of regional consumer services markets as digitalization, and, in turn, it allows us to identify factors contributing to the development of regional markets for personal services.

Background: Maturity models are strategic and systematic instruments that help firms in the process of digital transformation. They are widely used as tools to display trajectories to guide the progression from an analog to a digital stage. To date, maturity models for industries such as manufacturing, software development, public services, telecommunication, and startup companies have been developed, and also being applicable in real-life practice. However, for the sector of personal services (e.g., education, retail, hospitality, healthcare, arts and entertainment, and craftmanship), maturity models are missing. To address this gap, this research aims to present a digitalization maturity model for the specific needs of personal service firms, and evaluate its applicability, usefulness, and impact in practice. Method: The research is embedded in a comprehensive Design Science Research cycle. Based on descriptive and prescriptive knowledge, a maturity model has been developed. This paper evaluates the applicability, usefulness, and impact of the maturity model by conducting a mixed-method approach, including a survey with 30 experts from personal service firms and eight semi-structured indepth expert interviews. Results: Our results indicate that the maturity model serves as a strategic and systematic tool for short-, mid-, or long-term digital transformation projects by guiding personal service firms through consecutive development maturity stages until reaching a so-called stage of "digital maturity". The model has been determined to be applicable, useful, and to potentially impact personal service firms towards the development of a digital business ecosystem. Conclusion: The presented maturity model offers guidance for personal service firms to achieve the transition from analog to digital and serves as a basis for future research in developing effective instruments and strategic tools to cope with challenges from digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of servicescape, personal service and services variables on customer satisfaction through perceived value mediation at Terminal 3 Soekarno Hatta Airport. This type of research is quantitative with data collection methods passenger questionnaire and literature study. The research population is passengers in internasional airline at Terminal 3 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The research sample was 240 people, the sampling technique was using probability simple random sampling technique. A analysis and testing of the hypothesis of this study using SEM with PLS software version 3.0. Hypothesis testing results (1) Servicescape take effect positive and significant to perceived value. Hypothesis (2) Servicescape no effect positive and significant against Passanger Satisfaction. Hypothesis (3) Personal Service positive and significant effect to Perceive value. Hypothesis (4) Personal Service positive and significant effect to Passanger satisfaction. Hypothesis (5) Services positive and significant effect to Perceive value. Hypothesis (6) Services have no positive and significant effect on Passanger Satisfaction. Hypothesis (7) Perceive value has a positive and significant effect to passanger satisfaction. Hypothesis (8) Indirect influence of servicescape positive and significant to Passanger satisfaction through Perceive value mediation. Perceive value is a full mediator. Hypothesis (9) Indirect influence of Personal Service Positive and significant to Passanger Satisfaction through Perceive value mediation. Perceive value is a partial mediator between personal service and customer satisfaction. Hypothesis (10) Indirect Effect of Services positive and significant impact on Passanger satisfaction through perceived value. This means that Perceive value is a full mediator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cultura Económica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1944, the California Court of Appeals handed down its landmark decision in De Haviland v. Warner Bros ending the practice of studios extending personal service contracts beyond the statutory limit of seven years by adding suspension periods incurred during the contract term. "Suspension/extension" could double the term of an actor's contract. The De Haviland case has justly received much attention, but an earlier case, Warner Bros. v. Nelson, in which Bette Davis also challenged the practice of suspension/extension, merits more attention than it has received. In Warner Bros. Nelson, Davis argued that her studio contract should not be enforced on several grounds including that the suspension/extension clauses were inequitable. During the trial, the studio waived its powerful rights to suspension/extension for reasons previously unknown. Not until now has that waiver been properly contextualized with the help of archival research of studio records. Furthermore, archival research has uncovered that the studio explored revising and limiting its power of suspension/extension as a result of Davis's arguments. This Article reveals that Davis achieved much more than was previously understood. It discusses how these cases, in particular De Haviland, still resonate today in the sports and entertainment industries. It also suggests that the recent dispute between the Writers Guild of America and the Association of Talent Agents can be viewed as a consequence of these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDespite evidence from other countries for its effectiveness, flexible and integrative psychiatric treatment (FIT) is not part of the German standard healthcare system. Since 2013, German legislative reform has enabled a test implementation of FIT based on a global treatment budget. Because the budget is not restricted to any particular activity, this legislation opens the possibility of enhancing linkages between inpatient-, outpatient- and day-patient treatment structures. As staff involvement is a relevant component in successful implementation, we aimed in this study to judge the degree of FIT implementation based on staff members’ experiences and evaluations of FIT.MethodWithin an exploratory study design, we administered a standardized written survey to rate experiences and evaluations of physicians, psychologists, and nurses in the first 13 FIT projects between October 2016 and February 2017. The sample consisted of 352 nurses, 127 physicians, 84 psychologists, and 132 special therapists. We identified critical factors for successful implementation from the staff perspective by logistic regression analysis.ResultsStaff evaluations of the degree of FIT implementation were generally favorable, although some staff reported no experiences with one or several FIT-specific components. We found considerable differences in the assessments between the occupational groups. The only common factor for successful FIT implementation shared by physicians, psychologists, and nurses was the opportunity to join training programs on the objectives of FIT. Other critical factors for successful implementation were work conditions, the number of nurses/special therapists per physician/psychologist, and project duration. These factors together explained 49% of the variance of physician/psychologist evaluations and 34% for nurse evaluations. Individual staff members’ characteristics were less important than structural- or FIT characteristics as explanatory factors for the degree of FIT implementation.ImplicationsResults point to the importance of new forms of multi-professional cooperation, training programs, improvement of work conditions, and guidance of the implementation process by systematic Change Management for future implementations of FIT. Our exploratory findings require further validation to guide practical improvements in FIT implementation. Longitudinal observations and a multilevel analysis should yield a better understanding of the relevant variables from different organization levels and their possible interactions.

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Despite evidence from other countries for its effectiveness, flexible and integrative psychiatric treatment (FIT) is not part of the German standard healthcare system. Since 2013, German legislative reform has enabled a test implementation of FIT based on a global treatment budget. Because the budget is not restricted to any particular activity, this legislation opens the possibility of enhancing linkages between inpatient-, outpatient- and day-patient treatment structures. As staff involvement is a relevant component in successful implementation, we aimed in this study to judge the degree of FIT implementation based on staff members' experiences and evaluations of FIT. Method: Within an exploratory study design, we administered a standardized written survey to rate experiences and evaluations of physicians, psychologists, and nurses in the first 13 FIT projects between October 2016 and February 2017. The sample consisted of 352 nurses, 127 physicians, 84 psychologists, and 132 special therapists. We identified critical factors for successful implementation from the staff perspective by logistic regression analysis. Results: Staff evaluations of the degree of FIT implementation were generally favorable, although some staff reported no experiences with one or several FIT-specific components. We found considerable differences in the assessments between the occupational groups. The only common factor for successful FIT implementation shared by physicians, psychologists, and nurses was the opportunity to join training programs on the objectives of FIT. Other critical factors for successful implementation were work conditions, the number of nurses/special therapists per physician/psychologist, and project duration. These factors together explained 49% of the variance of physician/psychologist evaluations and 34% for nurse evaluations. Individual staff members' characteristics were less important than structural- or FIT characteristics as explanatory factors for the degree of FIT implementation. Implications: Results point to the importance of new forms of multi-professional cooperation, training programs, improvement of work conditions, and guidance of the implementation process by systematic Change Management for future implementations of FIT. Our exploratory findings require further validation to guide practical improvements in FIT implementation. Longitudinal observations and a multilevel analysis should yield a better understanding of the relevant variables from different organization levels and their possible interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal service company (PSC) is a form of intermediary with separate legal personality used as a vehicle to provide the labour of the individual who controls the PSC. The rapid growth of PSCs in recent years, and their potential to disguise employment status for tax purposes, have been the subject of much policy and legislation. But their detrimental effect on the employment rights, both individual and collective, has almost been ignored. Evidence shows that PSCs continue to increase at a faster rate than employment, are colonising sectors of the labour market characterised by dependent labour and are often imposed to avoid the duties owed to workers or employees. In this article, I analyse how the existing law might provide a means of protecting the labour rights of individuals who are engaged via PSCs, examining the statutory provisions specific to some legal rights and more general doctrines based on shams, labels and piercing the corporate veil. Although the law provides some protection in some circumstances, PSCs retain their allure as a means of avoiding employment rights. I discuss potential legislative solutions to this problem, which highlights the interaction of tax and employment law and the difficulties caused by relying on the bilateral contract as the keystone of labour rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procedure--Statute providing for institution of proceedings by issuing written charge--defendant before court following initial charge--prosecution emailing defendant's solicitor and magistrates' court regarding additional amended charges--defendant not served personally with additional amended charges-- whether non-compliance with statute rendering proceedings a nullity--Magistrates ' Courts Act 1980 ss. I, 127--Criminal Justice Act 2003 ss.29(1), (3), (3A). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims to analyze the legal framework of public procurement for professional services. Through legal research methods, the paper proposes a systematic analysis of the legal framework recurring to normative, jurisprudence, and doctrinal sources. It will be held that the legal definition of those contracts made in article 32.3 of Law 80/1993 is too broad and vague. It has generated many doubts about the scope of this particular kind of contract and the public procurement process applicable to them. Therefore, this article studied the legal framework of the different types of public professional services contracts: professional services on strict sense, support management and artistic works that can only be entrusted with certain people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal services is a continuously evolving industry that encompasses a variety of aesthetic treatments and personal enhancement services. Personal services are an important public health concern because delivery of service may pose potential health risks for both clients and workers. To date, there is a lack of evidence on the specific infection risks involved with personal services and the magnitude of these risks. While guidance and regulation of personal services settings do exist, they appear in varying degrees and complexity across Canada.Objectives: To summarize relevant literature on the risk of infections related to personal services; conduct an environmental scan of current provincial and territorial guidance and regulations; identify key risk mitigation measures; and summarize gaps and challenges.Methods: A working group of national experts in the field was established for consultation on key issues. A narrative literature review was conducted to summarize findings from relevant articles. Key questions and a literature search strategy were developed and articles were screened and critically appraised for eligibility. An environmental scan of key guidelines was also conducted to identify relevant legislation and guidance. Findings from both the narrative review and environmental scan were summarized to inform guidance and identify gaps.Findings: The review of the literature identified factors associated with increased risk of infection including inadequate training of personal services workers and non-compliance with established infection prevention principles. The environmental scan demonstrated that some guidelines have been developed by provincial/territorial ministries of health utilizing basic, generally accepted infection prevention principles. The established body of evidence that informs infection prevention and control recommendations is valid for health care settings; however there are factors to consider in extracting and applying such guidance to personal services settings. Major gaps and challenges remain in supporting both the advancement of infection prevention guidance and the development of enhanced regulatory frameworks, applicable to personal services settings in Canada.Conclusion: This review involved a comprehensive examination of relevant literature and provides a summary of issues addressing the risk of infection in personal services settings. There is a paucity of high quality evidence to support guidance, and findings reveal the need for further investigation and enhanced awareness of public health risks associated with personal services. Nonetheless, these findings can inform future research and the development of infection prevention and control guidelines and recommendations for such settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bed and breakfast (B&B) is a “nontraditional” form of accommodation that provides guests with personal service and high-level host–guest interaction, usually in rural settings where the establishment is owner-operated. This exploratory research was undertaken to categorize B&B properties as forms of rural entrepreneurship, using data collected in Taiwan. Through narrative analysis/synthesis of in-depth interviews with 25 B&B participants, an entrepreneurship typology of B&B properties was identified based on the local identities of the owner and founding motive in terms of cultural traits. Four categories (Nostalgic, Diversifying, Assimilative, and Innovative) are derived. The theoretical and practical contributions of the study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new breed of universities equipped with student-centered education programs and advanced digital technologies is changing the face of higher education. "Flipped learning" is heralded as a new model of education, yet its effect is underexplored. The purpose of this study is to provide evaluation criteria to assess and understand the merit of student-centered education programs and apply them to actual cases. Discussion on the nature of knowledge, its production mechanism and system, and possible contribution of digital technology to user-centered programs are discussed to produce five key criteria; initiative of students, interaction in class, interaction in field, customization of courses, and automated personal service. They are applied to evaluation of Minerva and Ecole 42. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mobile environment, the location and the next move of subscribers are important. In this study, a method to detect the next move of the subscribers is proposed. In addition to the categorization of subscribers by using their Internet usage history, the knowledge of the next move pattern of subscribers will provide the flexibility to guide them to decide the next move. During the tracking of subscribers, the mobile devices of the subscribers are used as sensors to get indepth knowledge about their preferences in their social life. The method presented here is the first in the literature to estimate the next move without connecting to any social networks. It combines the geographic locations and the Internet usage of the subscribers in order to predict their movement. In addition, most of the IoT studies either concentrate on network topologies or power consumption, while in this study, dynamicity and exact location estimation are utilized to handle the challenges and attain the required results. The results of the experiments show that the proposed system predicts the next move of a subscriber with a precision of more than 90 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations that offer personal services, whether this be a law firm or a hospital, may be extremely good at offering technical solutions to people, but when it comes to offering recognition, this is much more of a challenge. These institutions often lack the ability to 'be respectful of each individual'. Recognition is a central topic-often overseen- in the works of George Orwell, the English journalist and writer who, after taking part in the colonial system for five years, decided to 'expiate his guilt' by consecutively becoming homeless, taking part in agricultural labor, writing on the living conditions of the English working class and fighting as a militiaman in the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War. It was a process that spanned over several years, in which a well-educated, intellectually brilliant person, confronted and interacted with people of different countries and social backgrounds. The paper examines both failed and successful recognition experiences in Orwell's life and work, hoping to draw some insights in how recognition works in practice. The analysis reveals two dramatic points and leads to a pessimistic conclusion: the first point, already presented in the first part of the article, is that without recognition, no act of help will be really helpful. And secondly, real recognition only takes place between individuals. Which leads the author to conclude, confirming the initial suggestion of the paper, that full help cannot be given by any standardized procedure, and depends almost exclusively on the ability, commitment and willingness of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the influence of the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution on the enforceability of personal services contracts for physicians. This influence extends from the ambiguous definition to the legal interpretation of personal services contracts. The courts have struggled with determining contracts to be a personal service and whether to grant injunctions for continued performance. The award or denial of damages due to a breach of contract is vested in these enforceability complications. Because of the Thirteenth Amendment's influence, courts and contracting parties will continue to struggle with physician personal services contract enforceability; although other points of view may exist. Possible solutions are offered for health care contract managers dealing with challenges attributable to physician personal services contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fast growing business services market today, one manager may wonder whether to use coaching services or consultancy services. Questions might arise: which are the differences between the two types of services, their common points and the relationship between the two? This paper aims to explore the above mentioned questions while pleading for both services. The fact is that they are powerful processes that can bring added value to the organization through use of knowledge. The bottom line is that they work best in different situations, and they should not be regarded as a “one or the other” but as synergy knowledge related tools.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure attitudes towards cosmetic surgery services among women and to determine the potential segments of women according to their attitudes towards cosmetic surgery services and discover the main differences among them.Design/methodology/approach The research was implemented on a sample of 258 women in Slovenia. A quota sample was chosen for this research following the age characteristics of the Slovenian female population. The data collection method used was personal interviews. Convergent validity for the attitudes towards cosmetic surgery services was assessed with exploratory factor analysis. The segmentation analysis procedure was implemented in two phases. First, hierarchical clustering with Ward’s method was deployed, and in the second step K-means cluster analysis was used.Findings The results show that four clusters were clearly distinctive according to three dimensions, namely, intrapersonal, social and consider component. In further analysis, four segments of women were analysed regarding the fear of ageing, the importance of appearance, body image and self-esteem. Results show that all four segments are unique and distinguish one from another.Practical implications Through segmentation analysis, authors of this study indicate two segments (target groups) that are possibly interesting for providers of cosmetic services. Marketing communication activities should mainly be focussed on the woman’s appearance.Originality/value Based on a theoretical hypothesis and use a quantitative method, the aim of this paper is to provide a deeper analysis and understanding of attitudes and views of different woman profile regarding cosmetic surgeries. It presents a more structured view on differences that exist among segments of female consumers while also adding new insights into the factors that influence attitudes towards cosmetic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although historically the transformation of the concept of 'intimacy' has been oriented towards sexual liberalization, it still preserves age-old prejudices against women providing sexual services. Much of the said rejection and stigmatization towards female sex workers is based mainly on the idea that it represents a violation of a woman's intimacy. In the following pages, it is argued that sex-related work does not represent a violation of the sex worker's intimacy. Some of the sexual workers interviewed maintain that nothing akin to 'intimacy' occurs while providing sexual services; in that sense, the belief that accepting money for personal services degrades the dignity of women and constitutes an affront to their intimacy is questioned. Based on historical and anthropological research, this essay provides an account of the legitimate status of sex workers in the past, as well as describing the recent experience of a group of sex workers in Mexico City that recently won a lawsuit, thus defying the said stigma by publicly claiming their workers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to National Treasury’s Explanatory Memorandum on the Revenue Laws Amendment Bill, 2008, small businesses in South Africa are instrumental in the growth of the South African economy as they are a source of job creation and a counter to poverty. Research, however, indicates that small businesses face many obstacles, such as relatively high tax compliance costs. It was, therefore, proposed in the 2008 Budget Review that a turnover tax system be implemented for micro businesses with a turnover of up to R1 million per annum to simplify the tax compliance process. Similarly, section 12E was introduced earlier in the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 to offer additional income tax relief to small business owners. Sections 12E(4)(a)(iii) and (d) and paragraph 3(b) of the Sixth Schedule, however, prevent certain small business owners from making use of these concessions. This article investigates these barriers to entry and explores possible solutions to the problems presented by them.

Tax expenditures are widely used by French governments as employment and social policies. Such programmes together amounted to more than 1.3 points of GDP in 2011. Thanks to a systematic review of academic policy evaluations, we assess the efficiency of the different parts of such policies, showing that at least €6 billion is used for policies whose cost is greater than €62,500 per year and job created, and €0.5 billion for policies whose cost is greater than €160,000 per year and job created. We examine the replacement of these tax expenditures by direct public funding for (publicly or privately delivered) "quality" jobs addressing specific social needs. We discuss the conditions under which at least comparable employment performances could be achieved (factoring in the crowding out of privately funded jobs and the properties of created jobs in terms of the service provided or the characteristics of suppliers and consumers) as well as any positive economic and social externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the technological development aspects that directly affect individual taxpayers with respect to delivering personal services electronically across borders without physical presence. Topics include concept of services such as physical labor and computer processes, domestic laws in relation to taxation in the absence of fixed base of the service provider; and role of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in addressing source-based taxation.

The article examine the sharing economy's implications for gender equality in the U.S. Topics dicussed include views of Professor Naomi Schoenbaum on the same; issues surrounding gender issues in the field of employment and personal services in the country; role of education in providing gender equality.