1. Photodynamic Opening of the Blood−Brain Barrier Using Different Photosensitizers in Mice
- Author
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Inna Blokhina, Ilana Agranovich, Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Nikita Lezhnev, Alexander Shirokov, Ivelina Eneva, Maria Klimova, Alexander Khorovodov, Vanya Mantareva, Ekaterina Borisova, Ivan Angelov, Aysel Mamedova, Andrey Terskov, and Jürgen Kurths
- Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment ,drug brain delivery ,Photodynamic therapy ,Blood–brain barrier ,blood–brain barrier ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Photosensitizer ,Instrumentation ,030304 developmental biology ,Evans Blue ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Zinc phthalocyanine ,0303 health sciences ,600 Technik und Technologie ,Tight junction ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Engineering ,Albumin ,photosensitizers ,Extravasation ,eye diseases ,Computer Science Applications ,nervous system diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,photodynamic effects ,Biophysics ,photodynamic eects ,ddc:600 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In a series of previous studies, we demonstrated that the photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a widely used tool for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), also site-specifically opens the blood&ndash, brain barrier (BBB) in PDT-dose and age-related manner via reversible disorganization of the tight junction machinery. To develop the effective protocol of PDT-opening of the BBB, here we answer the question of what kind of photosensitizer (PS) is the most effective for the BBB opening. We studied the PDT-opening of the BBB in healthy mice using commercial photosensitizers (PSs) such as 5-aminolevulenic acid (5-ALA), aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and new synthetized PSs such as galactose functionalized ZnPc (GalZnPc). The spectrofluorimetric assay of Evans Blue albumin complex (EBAC) leakage and 3-D confocal imaging of FITC-dextran 70 kDa (FITCD) extravasation clearly shows a revisable and dose depended PDT-opening of the BBB to EBAC and FITCD associated with a decrease in presence of tight junction (TJ) in the vascular endothelium. The PDT effects on the BBB permeability, TJ expression and the fluorescent signal from the brain tissues are more pronounced in PDT-GalZnPc vs. PDT-5-ALA/AlPcS/ZnPc. These pre-clinical data are the first important informative platform for an optimization of the PDT protocol in the light of new knowledge about PDT-opening of the BBB for drug brain delivery and for the therapy of brain diseases.
- Published
- 2019