241 results on '"physical neglect"'
Search Results
2. The Importance of Perception and Personality on the Association Between Childhood Neglect and Adult Social Competence.
- Author
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Garcia, Christian O. and Berzenski, Sara R.
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PERSONALITY , *CHILD abuse , *ATTITUDES toward illness , *LOCUS of control , *SOCIAL skills , *ADULTS - Abstract
Social competence is a key component in engaging and sustaining everyday interactions. As such, it is prudent to identify factors that protect the development of social competence. In the present study, sociability and locus of control were examined as protective factors in two separate three-way interaction models of the effects of childhood physical and emotional neglect on adult social competence. Participants were 405 introductory psychology students from a public Southern California University. Students answered a computerized battery of assessments examining multidomain regulation. In the physical neglect model, a significant three-way interaction was found, such that for those with an internal locus of control, sociability was a protective factor: there was a strong negative relationship between physical neglect and social competence only when sociability was lower (b = −2.763, p =.024). However, for externally controlled individuals, higher sociability acted as a risk factor, strengthening the association between physical neglect and social competence (b = −2.205, p =.037). Childhood neglect has enduring effects in the lives of maltreated individuals, but their effects are not entirely uniform. Individual traits and perceptions can serve as potential intervention targets to mitigate the effects of childhood neglect on important outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Child Neglect
- Author
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Passmore, Sarah, Conway, Lauren, Baxter, Michael, Briggs, Ernestine, Section editor, Williams, Javonda, Section editor, Clayton, Michelle, Section editor, LeBlanc, Stacie, Section editor, Vaughan-Eden, Viola, Section editor, Russell, Amy, Section editor, Geffner, Robert, editor, White, Jacquelyn W., editor, Hamberger, L. Kevin, editor, Rosenbaum, Alan, editor, Vaughan-Eden, Viola, editor, and Vieth, Victor I., editor
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Association between childhood trauma and medication adherence among patients with major depressive disorder: the moderating role of resilience
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Hongqiong Wang, Yuhua Liao, Lan Guo, Huimin Zhang, Yingli Zhang, Wenjian Lai, Kayla M. Teopiz, Weidong Song, Dongjian Zhu, Lingjiang Li, Ciyong Lu, Beifang Fan, and Roger S. McIntyre
- Subjects
Childhood trauma ,Medication adherence ,Resilience ,Major depressive disorder ,Physical neglect ,Sexual abuse ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Suboptimal medication adherence is a major reason for failure in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), childhood trauma might be an essential risk factor of suboptimal medication adherence. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations between different types of childhood trauma and medication adherence among patients with MDD, and to test whether resilience has moderating effects on the foregoing associations. Methods Participants were from the Depression Cohort in China (ChiCTR registry number 1900022145), 282 MDD patients with completed both baseline and 12-weeks follow-up investigations were included in this study. The diagnosis of MDD was assessed by trained psychiatrists using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Childhood trauma was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF), and resilience was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Demographic characteristics, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, insomnia symptoms, and painful somatic symptoms were also investigated. Participants were divided into groups of optimal and suboptimal adherence based on their Medication Adherence Rating Scale scores. Logistic regression and stratified analyses were performed. Results A total of 234 participants (83%) reported suboptimal medication adherence. After adjusting for covariates, CTQ total scores (AOR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01–1.06), CTQ measures of sexual abuse (AOR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.01–1.37), and CTQ measures of physical neglect (AOR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.02–1.23) were all associated with an increased likelihood of suboptimal adherence. There were significant moderating effects of resilience on the associations of childhood trauma (P = 0.039) and physical neglect (P = 0.034) with medication adherence. The stratification analyses showed that CTQ total scores and CTQ measures of physical neglect were independently associated with an increased risk of suboptimal adherence among patients with MDD with low-resilience or moderate-resilience, while not significantly associated with suboptimal adherence in those with high-resilience. Conclusion Childhood trauma was a significant risk factor of suboptimal adherence among patients with MDD, and resilience moderated the foregoing association. Obtaining a history of childhood trauma and assessing resilience may help identify patients with suboptimal adherence when providing MDD pharmacotherapy. Psychiatrists may consider enhancing resilience to cope with the adverse effects of childhood trauma on medication adherence.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Do Coping Motives and Perceived Impaired Control Mediate the Indirect Links from Childhood Trauma Facets to Alcohol-Related Problems?
- Author
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Bitsoih, Jai, Patock-Peckham, Julie A., Canning, Jessica R., Ong, Annie, Becerra, Allison, and Broussard, Matthew
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CONTROL (Psychology) , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *ALCOHOLISM , *PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *DRINKING behavior - Abstract
Introduction: The Self-Medication Hypothesis suggests that individuals drink to alleviate undesirable affective states. Behavioral Economics Theory states that individuals deprived of resources (i.e., physically neglected) consume more reinforcing substances when they are available than others. Childhood trauma may indirectly increase impaired control over alcohol (IC; drinking beyond one's own intentions) and thereby increase alcohol use and problems through the employment of coping-motives. Method: A structural equation model that included sex as a covariate examined mediated paths with 612 university students. Results: Men were less likely to be emotionally abused and were more likely to use greater amounts of alcohol than women did. Physical neglect was directly linked to both more IC and alcohol use. Emotional and sexual abuse were directly linked to more coping motives. Both emotional and sexual abuse were indirectly linked to more alcohol use and its related problems through increased coping motives and IC. Conclusions: Consistent with Behavioral Economics Theory, there was a direct link between physical neglect and IC. We also found partial support for the Self-Medication Hypothesis regarding the emotional and sexual abuse trauma dimensions; they indirectly contributed to alcohol use and its related problems via the mediating mechanisms of more coping motives and IC. Our findings suggest coping motives could be a therapeutic target for intervention among those sexually or emotionally abused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Association between childhood trauma and medication adherence among patients with major depressive disorder: the moderating role of resilience.
- Author
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Wang, Hongqiong, Liao, Yuhua, Guo, Lan, Zhang, Huimin, Zhang, Yingli, Lai, Wenjian, Teopiz, Kayla M., Song, Weidong, Zhu, Dongjian, Li, Lingjiang, Lu, Ciyong, Fan, Beifang, and McIntyre, Roger S.
- Subjects
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PATIENT compliance , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *MENTAL depression , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SUICIDAL ideation , *POST-traumatic stress disorder - Abstract
Background: Suboptimal medication adherence is a major reason for failure in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), childhood trauma might be an essential risk factor of suboptimal medication adherence. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations between different types of childhood trauma and medication adherence among patients with MDD, and to test whether resilience has moderating effects on the foregoing associations. Methods: Participants were from the Depression Cohort in China (ChiCTR registry number 1900022145), 282 MDD patients with completed both baseline and 12-weeks follow-up investigations were included in this study. The diagnosis of MDD was assessed by trained psychiatrists using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Childhood trauma was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF), and resilience was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Demographic characteristics, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, insomnia symptoms, and painful somatic symptoms were also investigated. Participants were divided into groups of optimal and suboptimal adherence based on their Medication Adherence Rating Scale scores. Logistic regression and stratified analyses were performed. Results: A total of 234 participants (83%) reported suboptimal medication adherence. After adjusting for covariates, CTQ total scores (AOR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01–1.06), CTQ measures of sexual abuse (AOR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.01–1.37), and CTQ measures of physical neglect (AOR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.02–1.23) were all associated with an increased likelihood of suboptimal adherence. There were significant moderating effects of resilience on the associations of childhood trauma (P = 0.039) and physical neglect (P = 0.034) with medication adherence. The stratification analyses showed that CTQ total scores and CTQ measures of physical neglect were independently associated with an increased risk of suboptimal adherence among patients with MDD with low-resilience or moderate-resilience, while not significantly associated with suboptimal adherence in those with high-resilience. Conclusion: Childhood trauma was a significant risk factor of suboptimal adherence among patients with MDD, and resilience moderated the foregoing association. Obtaining a history of childhood trauma and assessing resilience may help identify patients with suboptimal adherence when providing MDD pharmacotherapy. Psychiatrists may consider enhancing resilience to cope with the adverse effects of childhood trauma on medication adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A case series of study of childhood psychological trauma and alexithymia among persons with alcohol dependence syndrome attending inpatient de-addiction facility from Central Rural India
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Ajinkya Sureshrao Ghogare, Pradeep Shriram Patil, and Ganpatlal Kodarbhai Vankar
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alcoholism ,emotional abuse ,emotional dysregulation ,emotional neglect ,physical abuse ,physical neglect ,sexual abuse ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Psychological trauma occurs when a person suffers from serious threat or loss to his/her life. Childhood psychological trauma can be of various forms such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Such adverse childhood experiences, if not effectively dealt or resolved, may lead to the development of drug dependence including alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in adult life. In many cases, development of ADS is preceded by the occurrence of childhood psychological trauma(s). Such a person with a history of childhood psychological traumas may consume alcohol to cope with his/her trauma-related distress. Alexithymia is a state characterized by a triad of difficulty in identifying one's own feelings, difficulty in differentiating between physical sensations and emotional arousal, and difficulty in explaining one's own feelings to others. Alexithymia has a role in the development of drug dependence including ADS. The number of childhood psychological trauma among persons with ADS was associated with alexithymia in adulthood. Childhood psychological traumas, mainly emotional abuse, might act as a predisposing factor for the development of alexithymia in persons suffering from ADS. This case series presented clinical picture of two individuals with ADS in which both childhood psychological trauma(s) and alexithymia were assessed by using standard and psychometrically valid psychological tools such as Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item, respectively. This case series is unique because the assessment of childhood psychological trauma(s) and alexithymia is neglected area in Indian psychiatric research field and detailed ample of literature is not available at present in which the relationship between childhood psychological traumas, alexithymia, and ADS has been assessed. In the present case series, first individual with ADS had clinically significant alexithymia, severe emotional abuse, severe emotional neglect, moderate physical abuse, and moderate physical neglect, while second individual with ADS had no alexithymia but he had moderate-level emotional neglect and mild levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect.
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- 2022
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8. Neglecting the impact of childhood neglect: A scoping review of the relation between child neglect and emotion regulation in adulthood.
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Simon, Ellin, Raats, Marloes, and Erens, Brenda
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EMOTION regulation , *CHILD abuse , *ADULTS , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors , *MENTAL health - Abstract
Childhood neglect, a prevalent form of child abuse, has significant short-term and long-term consequences on mental health. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of existing evidence on childhood neglect in relation to emotion regulation in adulthood. Participants were not individually evaluated but we provided future directions for research based on the overview of studies. A systematic search strategy was conducted, resulting in the analysis of 25 selected articles. We performed an inventory of existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps. The review identified the need for future research to differentiate neglect from other forms of child abuse. Longitudinal studies tracking individuals from childhood to adulthood are recommended to understand developmental trajectories and continuity. Diverse samples, with various ages, genders, and (socio-economic) backgrounds, should be included for enhanced generalizability. Geographical representation should be expanded to capture cultural variations in the association between neglect and adult emotion regulation. Furthermore, investigating other psychopathologies beyond depression in relation to neglect and emotion regulation is suggested. Overall, this scoping review highlights the limited knowledge regarding the link between childhood neglect and adult emotion regulation and provides valuable recommendations for advancing research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Childhood Trauma in Eating Disorders
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Anaya, Carolina, Anam, Seeba, Zickgraf, Hana F., O’Connor, Shannon M., Wildes, Jennifer E., Spalletta, Gianfranco, editor, Janiri, Delfina, editor, Piras, Federica, editor, and Sani, Gabriele, editor
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- 2020
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10. Body shaming and associated practices as abuse: athlete entourage as perpetrators of abuse.
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McMahon, Jenny, McGannon, Kerry R., and Palmer, Catherine
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PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse , *PHYSICAL abuse , *ATHLETES , *HARASSMENT - Abstract
In the 2016 International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on harassment and abuse, it was outlined that psychological abuse in sport research has been heavily focused on the coach–athlete relationship resulting in a lack of research on other members of the athletes' support system such as their 'entourage.' Researchers of abuse have further noted that psychological abuse remains relatively underexplored in comparison to other types of athlete abuses (e.g. sexual abuse). As psychological abuse is one of the most common types of abuse occurring in sporting contexts, it has been flagged as an urgent safeguarding concern. Psychological abuse can be enacted in different ways with many associated behaviours. The present study explored one under-researched issue shown to be entrenched in sport culture – 'body shaming' – and how it constitutes psychological abuse. We also focused on the role of the athlete entourage (i.e. people associated with the athlete) in relation to psychological abuse through the body shaming of athletes. Using thematic analysis, three female athletes' stories showed how they were subjected to psychological abuse from members of their entourage when their bodies failed to meet socio-cultural expectations (i.e. too fat, not 'slim to win'). While it was not the central focus of our research, the athletes also explained how they were subjected to physical abuse and physical neglect from entourage members when they were perceived to be overweight or too fat. The athlete entourage members found to be perpetrators of abuse and physical neglect included the coach, the parent, the partner, and the manager. This research provides novel insight into how abuse is circulating through sporting contexts, and in so doing, generates knowledge for prevention and intervention initiatives in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Associations of childhood emotional and physical neglect with mental health and substance use in young adults.
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Grummitt, Lucinda Rachel, Kelly, Erin Veronica, Barrett, Emma Louise, Lawler, Siobhan, Prior, Katrina, Stapinski, Lexine A, and Newton, Nicola Clare
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PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors , *MENTAL depression risk factors , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *CHILD abuse , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *REGRESSION analysis , *RISK assessment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ANXIETY , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *DISEASE risk factors , *ADULTS - Abstract
Background: Childhood neglect is a risk factor for subsequent mental health problems. However, research on the unique contribution of emotional and physical subtypes of neglect is lacking. Importantly, if emotional and physical neglect have different impacts on mental health, they must be examined separately to understand how to prevent and treat their effects. Objective: This study aimed to examine associations of emotional and physical neglect with depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol and drug use in 18- to 20-year-olds. Methods: Participants (N = 569, mean age = 18.9, 70% female) responded in an online survey to questions on childhood emotional and physical neglect, childhood abuse, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and alcohol and drug use and problems. Procedures were approved by the University of Sydney Human Ethics Committee. Hierarchical linear regressions were performed, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and other adverse childhood experiences. Results: Combined neglect was associated with depression (B = 2.895, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 1.572, p = 0.003) and stress (B = 1.781, p = 0.001). However, a second model entering emotional and physical neglect as separate exposures revealed emotional neglect was driving this association with depression (B = 2.884, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 1.627, p = 0.001) and stress (B = 1.776, p = 0.001), and that physical neglect was not associated with any outcome. Neither emotional nor physical neglect were associated with alcohol or drug use. Conclusion: Emotional neglect is a risk factor for mental health problems in early adulthood. Research that combines emotional and physical neglect into a single exposure may be obscuring relationships with mental health. Mental health prevention and treatment must screen for, and address, emotional neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A Case Series of Study of Childhood Psychological Trauma and Alexithymia among Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome Attending Inpatient De-addiction Facility from Central Rural India.
- Author
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Ghogare, Ajinkya Sureshrao, Patil, Pradeep Shriram, and Vankar, Ganpatlal Kodarbhai
- Subjects
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ALEXITHYMIA , *ALCOHOL Dependence Scale , *INPATIENT care , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *EMOTIONAL trauma in children - Abstract
Psychological trauma occurs when a person suffers from serious threat or loss to his/her life. Childhood psychological trauma can be of various forms such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Such adverse childhood experiences, if not effectively dealt or resolved, may lead to the development of drug dependence including alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in adult life. In many cases, development of ADS is preceded by the occurrence of childhood psychological trauma(s). Such a person with a history of childhood psychological traumas may consume alcohol to cope with his/her trauma-related distress. Alexithymia is a state characterized by a triad of difficulty in identifying one’s own feelings, difficulty in differentiating between physical sensations and emotional arousal, and difficulty in explaining one’s own feelings to others. Alexithymia has a role in the development of drug dependence including ADS. The number of childhood psychological trauma among persons with ADS was associated with alexithymia in adulthood. Childhood psychological traumas, mainly emotional abuse, might act as a predisposing factor for the development of alexithymia in persons suffering from ADS. This case series presented clinical picture of two individuals with ADS in which both childhood psychological trauma(s) and alexithymia were assessed by using standard and psychometrically valid psychological tools such as Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item, respectively. This case series is unique because the assessment of childhood psychological trauma(s) and alexithymia is neglected area in Indian psychiatric research field and detailed ample of literature is not available at present in which the relationship between childhood psychological traumas, alexithymia, and ADS has been assessed. In the present case series, first individual with ADS had clinically significant alexithymia, severe emotional abuse, severe emotional neglect, moderate physical abuse, and moderate physical neglect, while second individual with ADS had no alexithymia but he had moderate-level emotional neglect and mild levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Explaining how childhood physical abuse and physical neglect influence adult depression: An analysis with multiple sequential mediators.
- Author
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Zhang, Wei-Bo, Jia, Fei-Fei, Liu, Bao-Peng, Li, Qi, and Jia, Cun-Xian
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICAL abuse , *SEQUENTIAL analysis , *ABUSE of older people , *ERROR probability , *MENTAL depression , *ADVERSE childhood experiences - Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that experiencing physical abuse and neglect during childhood significantly elevates the likelihood of developing depression in adulthood. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the mechanisms underpinning this correlation. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of childhood physical abuse and physical neglect with depression using follow-up data from UK Biobank and quantified the contribution of smoking, insomnia, and BMI in these associations. This study included 144,704 participants (64,168 men and 80,536 women) from UK Biobank, most of whom were white (97 %). Physical abuse and physical neglect were measured using two items of Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS). Data on the incidence of depression were obtained from primary care, hospital inpatient records, self-reported medical conditions, and death registries. We used a sequential mediation analysis based on the "g-formula" approach to explore the individual and joint effects of potential mediators. The depression incidence rate was 1.85 per 1000 person-years for men and 2.83 per 1000 person-years for women, respectively. Results of Cox proportional risk regression showed that physical abuse (HRs: 1.39–1.53, P < 0.001) and physical neglect (HRs: 1.43–1.60, P < 0.001) are associated with depression. Smoking, insomnia, and BMI together mediated 3 %–26 % of the associations. These findings contribute to our understanding of how physical abuse and physical neglect influence depression. Furthermore, a more effective reduction in the burden of depression can be achieved by managing modifiable mediators. • Large sample data from UK Biobank reduced the probability of random error. • Sequential mediation methods can be used to quantify effects of mediators and adjust for exposure-affected confounders. • Quantification of pathway effects facilitated the development of more cost-effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Do Coping Motives and Perceived Impaired Control Mediate the Indirect Links from Childhood Trauma Facets to Alcohol-Related Problems?
- Author
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Jai Bitsoih, Julie A. Patock-Peckham, Jessica R. Canning, Annie Ong, Allison Becerra, and Matthew Broussard
- Subjects
childhood trauma ,coping motives ,impaired control over drinking ,physical neglect ,emotional abuse ,sexual abuse ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Introduction: The Self-Medication Hypothesis suggests that individuals drink to alleviate undesirable affective states. Behavioral Economics Theory states that individuals deprived of resources (i.e., physically neglected) consume more reinforcing substances when they are available than others. Childhood trauma may indirectly increase impaired control over alcohol (IC; drinking beyond one’s own intentions) and thereby increase alcohol use and problems through the employment of coping-motives. Method: A structural equation model that included sex as a covariate examined mediated paths with 612 university students. Results: Men were less likely to be emotionally abused and were more likely to use greater amounts of alcohol than women did. Physical neglect was directly linked to both more IC and alcohol use. Emotional and sexual abuse were directly linked to more coping motives. Both emotional and sexual abuse were indirectly linked to more alcohol use and its related problems through increased coping motives and IC. Conclusions: Consistent with Behavioral Economics Theory, there was a direct link between physical neglect and IC. We also found partial support for the Self-Medication Hypothesis regarding the emotional and sexual abuse trauma dimensions; they indirectly contributed to alcohol use and its related problems via the mediating mechanisms of more coping motives and IC. Our findings suggest coping motives could be a therapeutic target for intervention among those sexually or emotionally abused.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Differences in Executive Functions in Minors Suffering Physical Abuse and Neglect.
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Moreno-Manso, Juan Manuel, García-Baamonde, Mª Elena, de la Rosa Murillo, María, Blázquez-Alonso, Macarena, Guerrero-Barona, Eloísa, and García-Gómez, Andrés
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EXECUTIVE function , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *CHILD abuse , *MANN Whitney U Test , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *CHI-squared test , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
This research analyzes the executive functions in minors between 7 and 16 years of age who have suffered physical abuse and neglect, as well as minors in residential care centers with other measures of protection. Most studies focus on the neurobiological consequences of the abuse, and mainly at an early age. However, there are very few studies that analyze the executive functions of victims of child abuse, while also taking into account the type of abuse suffered. This study aims to identify whether the consequences of child abuse for the executive functions are different for those minors who have been victims of physical abuse and neglect, in comparison with minors with other protective measures. The participants were 44 minors who had suffered child abuse and 24 minors with other protective measures, distinct from abuse. Three neuropsychological tests were used: (a) the Five Digits Test (FDT), (b) the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome in Children (BADS-C), and (c) the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–V (WISC-V). The results showed difficulties in those minors who had been victim of physical abuse and neglect, in their cognitive flexibility capabilities, inhibitory control, the ability to take decisions, the ability to organize and plan their behavior, control of emotions, and attention control. It was the minors who were victims of physical neglect that showed the greatest difficulties in their executive functions. The results of the study will permit us to design an educational intervention in the residential care centers that can encourage advances in the affected areas through the setting up of different strategies to favor the stimulation, reinforcement, and rehabilitation of the executive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The changing face of abuse cases in a pediatric intensive care unit: A single-center experience.
- Author
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Varol, Fatih, Sahin, Ebru, Ozgunay, Busra, Cengiz, Mehmet, Altas, Zeynep Meva, and Guven, Sirin
- Abstract
Background: Due to the increase in abuse and neglect cases in recent years, the purpose of this study was to assess child abuse and neglect of patients who were hospitalized and followed up in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A total of 34 abuse and neglect patients who were admitted to the PICU from August 2020 to March 2021 were included retrospectively in the study. Patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from our hospital’s patient record system (HIS). Comorbidities and the mental status of the patients, affected systems, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Results: In this study, 44.1% (n: 15) of the patients were male and 55.9% (n: 19) were female. Physical neglect such as foreign body aspiration, malnutrition, electrocution, drowning, traffic accident, and body collision was detected in 14 (41.2%) patients. Emotional neglect (taking drugs, alcohol, or suicide) was found in 19 (55.9%) of our patients. Only 1 (2.9%) patient presented with physical abuse. Conclusions: Perception of neglect varies among different cultures. Any infant or child who is admitted to the PICU with a history that is not consistent, a history of delay in seeking medical attention, a previous history of abuse or suspected abuse, or the absence of the primary caretaker at the appearance of illness should signal possible abuse. Health-care professionals should give more attention to these patients to prevent the overlooking and recurrence of neglect and abuse cases due to the intense work tempo in the PICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Childhood Trauma and Insomnia Increase Suicidal Ideation in Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
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Zhang, Yaoyao, Fang, Xinyu, Tang, Bei, Fan, Kaili, Wen, Na, Zhao, Ke, Xu, Weiqian, Tang, Wei, and Chen, Yi
- Subjects
SUICIDE risk factors ,ADVERSE childhood experiences ,SUICIDAL ideation ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,HAMILTON Depression Inventory ,CHILD abuse - Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of childhood trauma, especially its specific dimensions, and clinical risk factors for suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 83 inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled and divided into two groups: with suicidal ideation (n = 33) and without suicidal ideation (n = 50). All participants were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Modified Overt Aggression Scales, the auditory hallucination rating scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: In our sample, 39.8% of the subjects had suicidal ideation, and 60.6% of them had suffered from childhood trauma. Patients with suicidal ideation had a higher Insomnia Severity Index score, Physical neglect score, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form total score (all P < 0.05) compared to those without. The logistic regression analysis revealed that physical neglect in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 5.46, P < 0.05, 95% CI = 0.007–0.483). Further stepwise multiple linear regression identified that insomnia (β = 0.272, P = 0.011) and physical neglect (β = 0.257, P = 0.017) were strong risk factors for the severity of suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Mediation analysis showed that insomnia played a complete mediating role between physical neglect and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Our results indicate that childhood maltreatment of physical neglect is a strong independent risk factor for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia. The risk is probably aggravated by the poor quality of sleep. Early screening and psychosocial treatment are recommended for psychotic individuals with a trauma history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Scale and forms of domestic violence against schoolchildren in rural, rural-urban and urban areas
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Albert Terelak, Sebastian Kołodziejczak, and Marek Bulsa
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domestic violence ,child abuse ,adolescents ,rural areas ,physical violence ,psychological violence ,sexual violence ,physical neglect ,psychological neglect ,family violence ,Agriculture ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Introduction In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was carried out. The study took into account five forms of violence: mental, physical, neglect, economic and sexual. Previous two editions of the study covered urban-rural (2016) and urban gminas (2015). Material and methods The research concept was implemented by means of the representative research method, with the use of auditing questionnaire interview technique, based on a research tool developed on the basis of a number of previous qualitative research and quantitative tests to measure the social scale of domestic violence. Results Domestic violence against minors reaches 48.2% in the rural area under study, 51.8% in the urban-rural area and 65.5% in the urban area. In all types of areas the most frequent form of violence is psychological violence, it affects 42.4% of children in rural gminas, 51.3% in urban-rural and 60.5% in urban gminas. In reference to other, less frequent forms of violence, there is also a difference in scale due to the area type. Conclusions The incidence of individual forms of domestic violence varies depending on the type of area: Psychological violence: rural areas – 42.4%, urban-rural – 51.3%, urban areas – 60.5%; Neglect: rural areas – 21.1%, urban-rural – 13.5%, urban areas – 22.3%; Physical violence: rural areas – 17.1%, urban-rural – 20.7%, urban areas – 29.4%; Economic violence: rural areas – 12.6%, urban-rural – 19.2%, urban areas – 29.3%; Sexual violence: rural areas – 3.2%, urban-rural – 3.6%, urban areas – 8.1%.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Childhood Trauma and Insomnia Increase Suicidal Ideation in Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Yaoyao Zhang, Xinyu Fang, Bei Tang, Kaili Fan, Na Wen, Ke Zhao, Weiqian Xu, Wei Tang, and Yi Chen
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suicide ,childhood maltreatment ,schizophrenia ,insomnia ,physical neglect ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of childhood trauma, especially its specific dimensions, and clinical risk factors for suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: A total of 83 inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled and divided into two groups: with suicidal ideation (n = 33) and without suicidal ideation (n = 50). All participants were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Modified Overt Aggression Scales, the auditory hallucination rating scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Results: In our sample, 39.8% of the subjects had suicidal ideation, and 60.6% of them had suffered from childhood trauma. Patients with suicidal ideation had a higher Insomnia Severity Index score, Physical neglect score, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form total score (all P < 0.05) compared to those without. The logistic regression analysis revealed that physical neglect in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 5.46, P < 0.05, 95% CI = 0.007–0.483). Further stepwise multiple linear regression identified that insomnia (β = 0.272, P = 0.011) and physical neglect (β = 0.257, P = 0.017) were strong risk factors for the severity of suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Mediation analysis showed that insomnia played a complete mediating role between physical neglect and suicidal ideation.Conclusion: Our results indicate that childhood maltreatment of physical neglect is a strong independent risk factor for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia. The risk is probably aggravated by the poor quality of sleep. Early screening and psychosocial treatment are recommended for psychotic individuals with a trauma history.
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- 2021
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20. A Systematic Review of Childhood Psychological Traumas and Alexithymia among Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.
- Author
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Ghogare, Ajinkya Sureshrao, Patil, Pradeep Shriram, and Vankar, Ganpatlal Kodarbhai
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOLISM , *ALEXITHYMIA , *SEX crimes , *ALCOHOL Dependence Scale , *PHYSICAL abuse - Abstract
Psychological traumas may occur during childhood in the form of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and/or emotional neglect. Trauma may be experienced when a person experiences serious loss or his/her life is under grave threat. If such traumatic event is neither dealt effectively nor resolved completely, it may predispose such a person to development of mental health issues such as drug dependence including alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). Persons who experience or suffer from childhood psychological trauma tend to consume alcohol in order to cope with their trauma related experiences. Hence, generally, onset of alcohol dependence is preceded by the occurrence of childhood psychological trauma(s). Childhood psychological trauma especially emotional abuse acts as a risk factor for the development of alexithymia in later life among persons with alcohol dependence. Alexithymia is a state of emotional dysregulation, which is characterized by the triad of difficulty in identifying one's own feelings, difficulty in distinguishing between the physical sensation and emotional arousal, and difficulty in explaining one's own feelings to others, which is known as externally oriented style of thinking. Alexithymia is itself a risk factor for the development of ADS. Thus, both childhood psychological trauma(s) and alexithymia play a significant role in the development of ADS. Findings of the present study showed that childhood psychological trauma(s), alexithymia, and ADS are interconnected. The present study findings conclude that significant relationship exists between childhood psychological traumas, alexithymia, and ADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Impact of Childhood Maltreatment in Borderline Personality Disorder on Treatment Response to Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
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Euler, Sebastian, Stalujanis, Esther, Lindenmeyer, Hannah J., Nicastro, Rosetta, Kramer, Ueli, Perroud, Nader, and Weibel, Sébastien
- Subjects
- *
TREATMENT of borderline personality disorder , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse , *CHILD abuse , *IMPULSIVE personality , *CROSS-sectional method , *REGRESSION analysis , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *ADULT child abuse victims , *DIALECTICAL behavior therapy , *MENTAL depression , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM), including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect, is associated with severity of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, knowledge on the impact of CM on treatment response is scarce. The authors investigated whether self-reported CM or one of its subtypes affected treatment retention, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity throughout short-term intensive dialectical behavior therapy (I-DBT) in 333 patients with BPD. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regressions and linear mixed models, using a Bayesian approach. Patients who reported childhood emotional abuse had a higher dropout rate, whereas it was lower in patients who reported childhood emotional neglect. Emotional neglect predicted a greater decrease of depressive symptoms, and global CM predicted a greater decrease of impulsivity. The authors concluded that patients with BPD who experienced CM might benefit from I-DBT in specific symptom domains. Nonetheless, the impact of emotional abuse on higher dropout needs to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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22. Neglect and Emotional Abuse
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Robinson, David L. and Robinson, David L.
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- 2017
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23. Parenting, Poverty and the NSPCC in Ireland, 1889–1939
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Buckley, Sarah-Anne, Barron, Hester, editor, and Siebrecht, Claudia, editor
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- 2017
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24. Childhood abuse and neglect and profiles of adult emotion dynamics.
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Myroniuk S, Reitsema AM, de Jonge P, and Jeronimus BF
- Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is experienced by ∼40% of all children at major personal and societal costs. The divergent associations between emotional, physical, and sexual abuse or neglect in childhood and differences in adult emotional functioning and regulation were examined in terms of daily emotion intensity, variability, instability, inertia, and diversity, reported over 30 days by 290 Dutch aged 19-73. Participants described their abuse/neglect experiences retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Dissecting CM effects on adult emotion dynamics may inform theories on the ontogenesis and functioning of emotions, on effects of abuse and neglect, to better understand (dys)functional emotional development, and to prevent their adverse sequelae. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that most types of CM were associated with specific patterns of emotion dynamics, and only emotional abuse had no unique effects on the emotional dynamic indices. Emotional neglect was associated with most measures of emotion dynamics (i.e., less intense, variable, unstable, and diverse emotions). Sexual abuse associated with increases and physical neglect decreases in negative affect variability and instability. Physical abuse was associated with inertia but with a small effect size. Social contact frequency did not mediate much of the relationship between CM types and emotion dynamics.
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- 2024
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25. A Protocol of Case Control Study of Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia in Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
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Ajinkya Sureshrao Ghogare, Pradeep Shriram Patil, and Ganpatlal Kodarbhai Vankar
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addiction psychiatry ,emotional abuse ,emotional neglect ,physical abuse ,physical neglect ,sexual abuse ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Psychological trauma may occur when an individual suffers from serious loss or his/her life is under serious threat. If such traumatic experience is failed to be resolved, it may lead to drug misuse including alcohol dependence. Early childhood trauma may predispose an individual to mental health issues, including development of alcohol dependence later in life. Childhood trauma includes various forms like emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Those who experience and suffer from earlylife trauma may consume alcohol to cope with trauma related symptoms. In general, onset of trauma precedes onset of alcohol dependence. Childhood trauma can act as preceding factor for alexithymia. Childhood emotional abuse might be a risk factor for alexithymia among inpatient alcohol dependents. Aim: Present synopsis aims at finding out relationship between childhood trauma and alexithymia in persons diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS). Materials and Methods: The study would be a case control study. It will be conducted at tertiary healthcare centre from central rural India. Study participants will be selected from psychiatry inpatients with diagnosis of ADS. The study will include total 110 persons of which 55 will belong to “case” group and 55 will belong to “control” group, both including persons between age group of 18-45 years who fulfill International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders 10th revision Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD 10 DCR) and diagnostic criteria for ADS. Conclusion: The study expect to find significant relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and alexithymia among the persons with ADS.
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
26. Childhood Trauma in Persons With Schizophrenia and a History of Interpersonal Violence
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Guttorm Breivik Storvestre, Arvid Jensen, Espen Bjerke, Natalia Tesli, Cato Rosaeg, Christine Friestad, Ole Andreas Andreassen, Ingrid Melle, and Unn Kristin Haukvik
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emotional neglect ,physical neglect ,physical abuse ,sexual abuse ,forensic psychiatry ,psychosis ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
BackgroundChildhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis as well for violent behavior and offending later in life. Childhood trauma comprises subdomains of abuse and neglect that may be differently related to later violence among patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to map the subdomains of childhood trauma associated with violent offending in schizophrenia.MethodsInformation on childhood trauma from predominantly male patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of violent offending (interpersonal violence) (SCZ-V, n = 19), schizophrenia patients without a history of violence (SCZ-NV, n = 34), and healthy controls (HC, n = 66) was obtained with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Differences between groups in total maltreatment scores and the five subdomains including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect were analyzed.ResultsSCZ-V had the highest median CTQ scores for all sub-domains. SCZ-V reported significantly higher total CTQ scores than SCZ-NV and HC. SCZ-V had significantly higher scores than HC on all subdomains, and significantly higher than SCZ-NV on physical and emotional neglect. SCZ-NV had higher scores on all domains except sexual abuse compared to HC.ConclusionSCZ-V patients had higher exposure to childhood trauma than SCZ-NV, and both schizophrenia groups had higher exposure than HC. The results suggest that childhood physical and emotional neglect may be of specific importance to later violence in schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2020
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27. Dental Neglect.
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Spiller, Lora, Lukefahr, James, and Kellogg, Nancy
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- *
DIAGNOSIS of dental caries , *CAVITY prevention , *CHILD abuse , *CHILD welfare , *TOOTH care & hygiene , *OCCUPATIONAL roles - Abstract
Dental neglect can be an indicator of general child neglect. Inadequately treated dental disease may have significant long-term impacts on the physical and psychological well-being of children. Primary care providers play a critical role in the prevention of dental neglect, and should be aware of the manifestations of dental caries and dental trauma. When diagnosing dental neglect, health professionals should ensure the child's caregivers have demonstrated an understanding of the condition, its consequences, and the recommended treatment and then failed to comply with the treatment. Attempts should be made to eliminate any barriers preventing caretakers from complying with professional advice. Dental neglect is a form of child maltreatment and, if suspected, should be reported to the appropriate child protective agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A Protocol of Case Control Study of Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia in Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.
- Author
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GHOGARE, AJINKYA SURESHRAO, PATIL, PRADEEP SHRIRAM, and VANKAR, GANPATLAL KODARBHAI
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOLISM , *ALEXITHYMIA , *CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse - Abstract
Introduction: Psychological trauma may occur when an individual suffers from serious loss or his/her life is under serious threat. If such traumatic experience is failed to be resolved, it may lead to drug misuse including alcohol dependence. Early childhood trauma may predispose an individual to mental health issues, including development of alcohol dependence later in life. Childhood trauma includes various forms like emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Those who experience and suffer from early-life trauma may consume alcohol to cope with trauma related symptoms. In general, onset of trauma precedes onset of alcohol dependence. Childhood trauma can act as preceding factor for alexithymia. Childhood emotional abuse might be a risk factor for alexithymia among inpatient alcohol dependents. Aim: Present synopsis aims at finding out relationship between childhood trauma and alexithymia in persons diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS). Materials and Methods: The study would be a case control study. It will be conducted at tertiary healthcare centre from central rural India. Study participants will be selected from psychiatry inpatients with diagnosis of ADS. The study will include total 110 persons of which 55 will belong to “case” group and 55 will belong to “control” group, both including persons between age group of 18-45 years who fulfill International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders 10th revision Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD 10 DCR) and diagnostic criteria for ADS. Conclusion: We expect to find significant relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and alexithymia among the persons with ADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Childhood Trauma in Persons With Schizophrenia and a History of Interpersonal Violence.
- Author
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Storvestre, Guttorm Breivik, Jensen, Arvid, Bjerke, Espen, Tesli, Natalia, Rosaeg, Cato, Friestad, Christine, Andreassen, Ole Andreas, Melle, Ingrid, and Haukvik, Unn Kristin
- Subjects
VIOLENCE ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,SEX crimes ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,PHYSICAL abuse ,DATING violence - Abstract
Background: Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis as well for violent behavior and offending later in life. Childhood trauma comprises subdomains of abuse and neglect that may be differently related to later violence among patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to map the subdomains of childhood trauma associated with violent offending in schizophrenia. Methods: Information on childhood trauma from predominantly male patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of violent offending (interpersonal violence) (SCZ-V, n = 19), schizophrenia patients without a history of violence (SCZ-NV, n = 34), and healthy controls (HC, n = 66) was obtained with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Differences between groups in total maltreatment scores and the five subdomains including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect were analyzed. Results: SCZ-V had the highest median CTQ scores for all sub-domains. SCZ-V reported significantly higher total CTQ scores than SCZ-NV and HC. SCZ-V had significantly higher scores than HC on all subdomains, and significantly higher than SCZ-NV on physical and emotional neglect. SCZ-NV had higher scores on all domains except sexual abuse compared to HC. Conclusion: SCZ-V patients had higher exposure to childhood trauma than SCZ-NV, and both schizophrenia groups had higher exposure than HC. The results suggest that childhood physical and emotional neglect may be of specific importance to later violence in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Scale and forms of domestic violence against schoolchildren in rural, rural-urban and urban areas.
- Author
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Terelak, Albert, Kołodziejczak, Sebastian, and Bulsa, Marek
- Abstract
Introduction. In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was carried out. The study took into account five forms of violence: mental, physical, neglect, economic and sexual. The previous two editions of the study covered urban-rural (2016) and urban communities (2015). Materials and method. The research concept was implemented by means of the representative research method, using an auditing questionnaire interview technique, based on a research tool developed on the basis of a number of previous qualitative research and quantitative tests to measure the social scale of domestic violence. Results. Domestic violence against minors reaches 48.2% in the rural area under study, 51.8% in the urban-rural area and 65.5% in the urban area. In all types of areas, the most frequent form of violence was psychological violence, it affects 42.4% of children in rural communitys, 51.3% in urban-rural and 60.5% in urban municipalities. In reference to other, less frequent forms of violence, there was also a difference in scale according to the area type. Conclusions. The incidence of individual forms of domestic violence varied depending on the type of area: Psychological violence: rural areas – 42.4%, urban-rural – 51.3%, urban areas – 60.5%; Neglect: rural areas – 21.1%, urban-rural – 13.5%, urban areas – 22.3%; Physical violence: rural areas – 17.1%, urban-rural – 20.7%, urban areas – 29.4%; Economic violence: rural areas – 12.6%, urban-rural – 19.2%, urban areas – 29.3%; Sexual violence: rural areas – 3.2%, urban-rural – 3.6%, urban areas – 8.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Infanticide and Neonaticide
- Author
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Dettmeyer, Reinhard B., Verhoff, Marcel A., Schütz, Harald F., Dettmeyer, Reinhard B., Verhoff, Marcel A., and Schütz, Harald F.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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32. The effect of left-behind phenomenon and physical neglect on behavioral problems of children.
- Author
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Wen, Yu-Jie, Li, Xian-Bin, Zhao, Xi-Xi, Wang, Xue-Qi, Hou, Wen-Peng, Bo, Qi-Jing, Zheng, Wei, Pao, Christine, Tan, Tony, and Wang, Chuan-Yue
- Subjects
- *
CLUSTER sampling , *BEHAVIOR disorders in children , *CHILD abuse - Abstract
Abstract Objective: Left-behind children have a high incidence of behavioral problems in some Eastern countries, especially China. We sought to assess the combined effects of physical neglect, a major embodiment of the left-behind phenomenon, and the trauma of being left behind on subsequent behavioral problems. Method: 776 children (including 600 left-behind children) aged 12–16 years were chosen by cluster sampling in rural China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale were used to evaluate physical neglect and behavioral problems. Results: Left-behind children experienced more physical neglect (mean difference = 0.63; 95%CI 0.15–1.10; P = 0.01) and were more inattentive (mean difference=0.11; 95%CI 0.03–0.19; P = 0.009) than non-left-behind children. Physically neglected left-behind children had higher scores for conduct problems, inattention, and hyperactivity index than non-left-behind without physical neglect group (P < 0.05 for each). Among left-behind children, physical neglect group had significantly more conduct problems than those of controls (mean difference=0.14; 95%CI 0.05–0.23; P = 0.008). Physically neglected non-left-behind children had higher scores for conduct problems than those of left-behind children without physical neglect (mean difference=0.31; 95%CI 0.13–0.47; P = 0.003). Among physically neglected children, left-behind children had significantly higher scores for inattention than those of non-left-behind children (mean difference=0.13; 95%CI 0.04–0.22; P = 0.037). Conclusion: Left-behind children have more behavioral problems than non-left-behind children. Physical neglect may result in more severe conduct problems than those associated with staying behind, and staying behind may lead to inattention. Exposure to both may lead to more obvious behavioral problems. Therefore, we should accord more attention to physically neglected and left-behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Childhood trauma and its influence on the clinical features of bipolar disorder.
- Author
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Li, Tian, Mao, Zhen, Zhao, Lei, Sun, Yue, Wang, Chuanyue, and Bo, Qijing
- Subjects
- *
ADVERSE childhood experiences , *BIPOLAR disorder , *HAMILTON Depression Inventory , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *DISEASE duration , *PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse - Abstract
Childhood trauma is an environmental risk factor for bipolar disorder (BD), But its influence on the clinical features of BD has not been examined sufficiently. We compared the childhood trauma between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs) and determined how childhood trauma impacts clinical features, such as severity, mood episodes, and disease duration. The study population comprised patients with BD (in a state of euthymia or depression, n = 90) and HCs (n = 94). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders was used to diagnose BD and ascertain its clinical features. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess childhood trauma. The total CTQ score and scores for the CTQ subscales emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect, significantly differed between the BD and HC groups. Emotional abuse was correlated with higher Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score and more frequent mood episodes; emotional neglect was correlated with higher HARS score, longer disease duration, and more mood episodes; and total CTQ score was positively correlated with HARS score, disease duration, and mood episodes. Regression analysis showed that emotional neglect significantly predicted HARS score, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, and disease duration in the BD group (P < 0.05). Patients with BD have more serious childhood trauma. General childhood trauma, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect negatively affect the clinical features of BD. • Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have more childhood trauma. Different trauma contribute to the clinical features of BD. • Emotional abuse neglect were correlated with higher Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score and more mood episodes. • Emotional neglect significantly predicted HARS score, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, and disease duration of BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
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Rami Bou Khalil, Ghassan Sleilaty, Sami Richa, Maude Seneque, Sylvain Iceta, Rachel Rodgers, Adrian Alacreu-Crespo, Laurent Maimoun, Patrick Lefebvre, Eric Renard, Philippe Courtet, and Sebastien Guillaume
- Subjects
eating disorders ,food addiction ,childhood trauma ,maltreatment ,physical neglect ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An Examination of Differences in Psychological Resilience between Social Anxiety Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Context of Early Childhood Trauma
- Author
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Melanie Marx, Susanne Y. Young, Justin Harvey, David Rosenstein, and Soraya Seedat
- Subjects
social anxiety disorder ,posttraumatic stress disorder ,physical neglect ,physical abuse ,emotional abuse ,sexual abuse ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Background: Much of the research on anxiety disorders has focused on associated risk factors with less attention paid to factors such as resilience that may mitigate risk or offer protection in the face of psychopathology.Objective: This study sought to compare resilience in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) relative to age-, gender- and education- matched individuals with no psychiatric disorder. We further assessed the correlation of resilience scores with childhood trauma severity and type.Method: The sample comprised of 93 participants, 40 with SAD with childhood trauma), 22 with PTSD with childhood trauma, and 31 with no psychiatric disorder (i.e., healthy matched controls). Participants were administered the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The mean age of participants was 34 years (SD = 11). 52 Participants were female (55.9%) and 54 Caucasian (58.1%). Analysis of variance was used to assess for significant group differences in resilience scores. Non-parametric correlation analyses were conducted for resilience and different types of childhood trauma.Results: There were significant differences in resilience between the SAD and PTSD groups with childhood trauma, and controls. Both disorder groups had significantly lower levels of resilience than healthy controls. No significant correlation was found between total resilience scores and childhood trauma scores in the childhood trauma (SAD and PTSD) groups. However, in the combined dataset (SAD, PTSD, healthy controls), significant negative correlations were found between resilience scores and emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and total childhood trauma scores.Conclusions: Patients who have PTSD and SAD with childhood trauma appear to be significantly less resilient than those with no disorder. Assessing and addressing resilience in these disorders, particularly when childhood trauma is present, may facilitate long-term recovery and warrants further investigation.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The impact of retrospective childhood maltreatment on eating disorders as mediated by food addiction : a cross-sectional study
- Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.
- Published
- 2022
37. PSYCHOMETRICKÁ ANALÝZA ČESKEJ VERZIE DOTAZNÍKA TRAUMA Z DĚTSTVÍ (CTQ) SO SOCIODEMOGRAFICKÝMI ROZDIELMI V TRAUMATIZÁCII DOSPELÝCH OBYVATEĽOV ČESKEJ REPUBLIKY.
- Author
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KAŠČÁKOVÁ, NATÁLIA, FÜRSTOVÁ, JANA, ŠOLCOVÁ, IVA POLÁČKOVÁ, BIEŠČAD, MATÚŠ, HAŠTO, JOZEF, and TAVEL, PETER
- Abstract
Objective. The aim of the study was to verify psychometric properties of the Czech version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a representative sample of the Czech Republic and to assess sociodemographic differences in various types of trauma across different groups of the Czech population. Methods. A cross-sectional study (N=1000, mean age 46.0, 48.6% men) collected data using the CTQ. Medians and quartiles were used to assess the data, non-parametric tests were used to test the differences between groups. The dimensional structure was tested by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Results. All subscales of the CTQ correlated moderately. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed the suitability of the original 5-factor solution. The internal consistency of the CTQ subscales was very good (a ranged from .817 to .922), except physical neglect with questionable consistency (a= .642). According to the empirically derived cut off score, emotional abuse (EA) was found in 20.2%, physical abuse (PA) in 18%, sexual abuse (SA) in 9.7%, emotional neglect (EN) in 15.6% and physical neglect (PN) in 37.2% of the Czech population, with 24.5% of respondents with one type of trauma experience and 23.8% with multiplex traumatisation. People living alone had a significantly higher occurrence of EA, EN and PN. People with primary school education had a significantly higher occurrence of EN and PN compared to those with higher education. Disability was significantly associated with the occurrence of EA. The incidence of SA was significantly associated with living alone and achieved primary education. Limitations. Data collection method (a standardised face to face interview) could affect the social desirability of answers as well as sensitivity to emotionally demanding items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
38. Does childhood neglect contribute to violent behavior in adulthood? A review of possible links.
- Author
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Bland, Vikki J., Lambie, Ian, and Best, Charlotte
- Subjects
- *
CHILD abuse & psychology , *COGNITIVE development , *PERSONALITY disorders , *VIOLENCE , *NERVOUS system - Abstract
Child neglect, whether intentional or unintentional on the part of caregivers, has serious and far-reaching negative consequences for children. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment and has been associated with impaired cognitive development, changes in brain structure and nervous systems, behavioral and personality disorders and poor academic performance. However, the role of child neglect, and subtypes of neglect, in the development of adult violent behavior is not well understood. The “cycle of violence” hypothesis, which predicts that individuals exposed to child physical abuse are more likely to be physically violent in adulthood, is well supported by the literature. However, a growing number of studies suggests that child neglect may be equally predictive, or more predictive, of adult violent behavior than child physical abuse. The present review considers a range of studies that investigate aspects of this relationship, and identifies key patterns and trends that have emerged from these investigations. Methodological issues and limitations of the existing literature are also identified and new research directions suggested. This review also considers studies that support the possibility of protective factors against the development of adult violent behavior in victims of child neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An Examination of Differences in Psychological Resilience between Social Anxiety Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Context of Early Childhood Trauma.
- Author
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Marx, Melanie, Young, Susanne Y., Harvey, Justin, Rosenstein, David, and Seedat, Soraya
- Subjects
SOCIAL anxiety ,POST-traumatic stress disorder in children ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,CHILD sexual abuse ,PHYSICAL abuse - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Examining the Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Association Between Childhood Neglect and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Men and Women.
- Author
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Minnich, Allison M., Gordon, Kathryn H., Mun Yee Kwan, and Troop-Gordon, Wendy
- Subjects
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MASCULINITY , *ALEXITHYMIA , *SEDENTARY behavior in children , *ADULT child abuse victims , *CHILD abuse , *PSYCHOLOGY of college students , *EATING disorders , *EMOTIONS , *EXPERIENCE , *GENDER identity , *ONLINE information services , *SELF-evaluation - Abstract
The mechanisms through which childhood neglect leads to disordered eating behaviors are not wellunderstood, and these phenomena have been particularly understudied in men. The current study examined the associations between physical and emotional neglect occurring in childhood and 2 types of disordered eating symptoms (binge eating and drive for muscularity) among college men and women. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the relations between childhood physical and emotional neglect and eating disorder symptoms would be mediated by alexithymia. Participants (N = 1344) completed self-report measures through an online system. Four moderated mediation models were tested to examine our proposed mediation model in the context of potential gender differences. Consistent with prediction, our analyses revealed significant associations between childhood physical and emotional neglect and 2 types of disordered eating symptoms, and alexithymia mediated these relationships. Contrary to our hypothesis, gender moderated the relationship between alexithymia and binge eating, but not drive for muscularity. Childhood neglect, both physical and emotional, was associated with higher levels of binge eating in women, but not men. These findings suggest that the experience of neglect in early childhood may be related to certain types of eating disorder symptoms through its impact on the ability to identify, experience, and express one's own emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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41. Impact of Childhood Maltreatment in Borderline Personality Disorder on Treatment Response to Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy
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Ueli Kramer, Sébastien Weibel, Esther Stalujanis, Rosetta Nicastro, Sebastian Euler, Nader Perroud, and Hannah J Lindenmeyer
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050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Emotions ,Bayesian analysis ,Logistic regression ,Impulsivity ,Trauma ,Dialectical Behavior Therapy ,Dialectical behavior therapy ,Physical neglect ,ddc:616.89 ,Childhood maltreatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Emotional abuse ,0302 clinical medicine ,Borderline Personality Disorder ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Psychological abuse ,Borderline personality disorder ,Physical abuse ,I-DBT ,Sexual abuse ,05 social sciences ,Bayes Theorem ,Emotional neglect ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Institutional repository ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM), including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect, is associated with severity of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, knowledge on the impact of CM on treatment response is scarce. The authors investigated whether self-reported CM or one of its subtypes affected treatment retention, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity throughout short-term intensive dialectical behavior therapy (I-DBT) in 333 patients with BPD. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regressions and linear mixed models, using a Bayesian approach. Patients who reported childhood emotional abuse had a higher dropout rate, whereas it was lower in patients who reported childhood emotional neglect. Emotional neglect predicted a greater decrease of depressive symptoms, and global CM predicted a greater decrease of impulsivity. The authors concluded that patients with BPD who experienced CM might benefit from I-DBT in specific symptom domains. Nonetheless, the impact of emotional abuse on higher dropout needs to be considered.
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- 2021
42. Childhood adversities and life satisfaction: The moderator role of perceived resilience in early adulthood
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Emine Ozturk and James L. Mohler
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Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Life satisfaction ,Moderation ,Developmental psychology ,Adult life ,Physical abuse ,Early adulthood ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychological resilience ,Psychology ,Law ,Physical neglect ,media_common - Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of childhood physical neglect (CPN), childhood physical abuse (CPA), and the moderator role of perceived resilience on adult life satisfaction (LS). The N...
- Published
- 2021
43. Patterns of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment and Disrupted Interaction Between Mothers and Their 4-Month-Old Infants
- Author
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Michelle Bosquet Enlow, John D. Haltigan, Karlen Lyons-Ruth, Elisa Bronfman, Jennifer E. Khoury, and Lina Dimitrov
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Intergenerational transmission ,050103 clinical psychology ,Physical abuse ,05 social sciences ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Affect (psychology) ,Psychology ,Differential effects ,Physical neglect ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
Maternal childhood maltreatment (MCM) is associated with parenting disruptions which may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of negative health and social outcomes. Most prior work has used variable-centered approaches to assess MCM. Complementary person-centered approaches can identify groups of participants characterized by similar patterns of maltreatment. The current study assessed both types and patterns of MCM in relation to disrupted parenting among 179 mothers and their 4-month-olds. In variable-centered analyses, physical abuse was related to negative-intrusive maternal behavior and physical neglect to role-confused behavior. Person-centered analyses derived three classes of MCM, which differed in disrupted parenting. For example, mothers who experienced multiple types of maltreatment displayed more withdrawal than mothers in both other classes. Results document the differential effects of particular types and patterns of MCM on aspects of parenting and reveal that mother’s history of maltreatment can affect the quality of mother-child interaction as early as 4 months of age.
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- 2021
44. Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment: Testing Pathways Between Specific Forms of Maltreatment and Identifying Possible Moderators
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Velasco, Valerie E.
- Subjects
- Behavioral Psychology, Behavioral Sciences, Behaviorial Sciences, Psychology, Clinical Psychology, child maltreatment, maltreatment, generational trauma, intergenerational trauma, abuse, abuse and neglect, maltreatment type, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical neglect, sex, ADHD, ADHD symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Abstract
Victims of child maltreatment have been shown to experience significant adverse outcomes including greater involvement with the criminal justice system and violent crime perpetration. However, the effects of child abuse and neglect victimization on parent risk for child maltreatment perpetration is lesser understood. Current research on the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment has failed to consistently identify risk factors that explain this phenomenon. The current investigation examined specific child maltreatment types as predictors of parent perpetration of child physical abuse, physical neglect, and multi-type maltreatment. Using a nationally representative dataset, the effect of childhood trauma type on parent perpetration of abuse and/or neglect was tested for 1,530 females. Additionally, parent age, child sex, and parent and child ADHD were included as risk factors of child abuse and neglect. Regression analyses revealed that history of child maltreatment by type significantly predicted parent perpetration of abuse and/or neglect. Those with histories of physical neglect and sexual abuse were at the greatest risk of perpetrating physical neglect. Further, physical abuse, physical neglect, and multi-type maltreatment were significantly associated with parent perpetration of multi-type maltreatment. Parent histories of multi-type maltreatment and physical abuse significantly predicted perpetration of physical abuse. Moreover, child sex was shown to moderate the association between multi-type maltreatment victimization and parent perpetration of multi-type maltreatment. Finally, parent age moderated the association between being a victim and perpetrator of physical neglect and being a victim and perpetrator of multi-type maltreatment. Parent age also moderated the association between parent physical neglect victimization and perpetration of multi-type maltreatment.
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- 2023
45. Physical Neglect has become the Most Common Category of Child Neglect in Sri Lanka
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Himalshi Serasinghe
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Sri lanka ,Psychology ,Child neglect ,Physical neglect ,Developmental psychology - Published
- 2021
46. Immature defense mechanisms mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and onset of bipolar disorder
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Qingtao Bian, Li Tian, Zhiren Wang, Hongzhen Fan, Yanfang Zhou, L. Elliot Hong, Xingguang Luo, Yi Yin, Ping Zhang, Song Chen, Yimin Cui, Baopeng Tian, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Junchao Huang, Leilei Wang, Yunlong Tan, and Shuping Tan
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Bipolar Disorder ,Defence mechanisms ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child Abuse ,Bipolar disorder ,Risk factor ,Child ,Psychological abuse ,Physical neglect ,Defense Mechanisms ,business.industry ,Adult Survivors of Child Abuse ,CTQ tree ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,business ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has converged to suggest that childhood trauma may contribute to bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to investigate the patterns of childhood trauma among patients with bipolar I (BD-I) and bipolar II (BD-II) disorders, according to DSM-IV and in contrast with healthy volunteers. We also explored whether the relationship between childhood trauma and onset of bipolar disorder is mediated by immature defense mechanisms. Methods Participants were patients with BD-I (n=44) and BD-II (n = 42), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 43). Childhood traumatic experiences and defense mechanisms were assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), respectively. Results BD patients experienced more severe childhood trauma than HCs. Physical neglect sub-score and total score of the CTQ had both direct and indirect effects on the diagnosis of BD-I, and an immature defense style mediated the indirect effects. The diagnosis of BD-II was mainly related to the physical neglect and emotional abuse subs-core and total score of the CTQ, as mediated by the immature defense mechanisms. BD-I and BD-II significantly differed in the emotional abuse sub-score of the CTQ. Conclusions Physical neglect sub-score and total score of the CTQ were associated with the diagnosis of BD (both BD-I and BD-II), as mediated by an immature defense style. Furthermore, emotional abuse might be an important risk factor for BD-II compared to BD-I. These findings may inform risk reduction and psychosocial intervention strategies to prevent and treat patients with bipolar disorders.
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- 2021
47. The relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, guilt, depression and suicidal ideation in inpatient adolescents
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Małgorzata Gambin, Francesca Penner, Marcin Sekowski, Peter Fonagy, Malgorzata Wozniak-Prus, Andrzej Cudo, and Carla Sharp
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Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Shame ,Suicidal Ideation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rating scale ,medicine ,Humans ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Psychological abuse ,Suicidal ideation ,Physical neglect ,media_common ,Inpatients ,Depression ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Physical abuse ,Feeling ,Guilt ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated positive relations between various forms of maltreatment and suicidal ideation in youth; however, mechanisms underlying these relationships are not well understood. We propose that the experience of maltreatment in childhood may lead to high levels of generalized guilt and shame, resulting in an increase of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in adolescents. The aim of the current study was to test our model of relations between these constructs using path analysis. Methods 112 inpatient adolescents aged 12-17 years completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to measure various types of maltreatment, the Personal Feelings Questionnaire to evaluate generalized guilt and shame, the Beck Depression Inventory-II to assess depressive symptoms, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale to assess suicidal ideation. Results Findings partly confirmed the theoretical model. Indirect positive effects of sexual and emotional abuse, as well as emotional and physical neglect on suicidal ideation via generalized self-conscious emotion and/or depression were demonstrated. In contrast to our predictions, indirect negative effects of physical abuse on suicidal thoughts via generalized guilt and shame and depression were found. Limitations Sample characterized by predominately Caucasian inpatient adolescents from financially stable and well-educated environments, over-reliance on self-report measures and the lack of a longitudinal design were main limitations of the study. Conclusions The study provides novel information on the potential mechanisms underlying the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Generalized guilt and/or shame could be possible targets for interventions for victims of some forms of maltreatment to reduce depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.
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- 2020
48. Are all Burned Out Parents Neglectful and Violent? A Latent Profile Analysis
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Moïra Mikolajczak, Florence Stinglhamber, Isabelle Roskam, Logan Hansotte, Nathan Nguyen, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, and UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société
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050103 clinical psychology ,child abuse ,Distancing ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Burnout ,parental burnout ,Developmental psychology ,Neglect ,verbal and physical violence ,emotional and physical neglect ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Parental stress ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Association (psychology) ,Psychology ,Physical neglect ,Emotional neglect ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Exposure to chronic parental stress can lead to parental burnout, a syndrome encompassing three dimensions: an overwhelming exhaustion from one’s parental role, an emotional distancing from one’s children, and a sense of parental ineffectiveness. The first goal of this study was to examine whether there were different profiles of parents based on their levels of exhaustion, emotional distancing, and inefficacy. The second goal was to investigate the association between these profiles and different forms of neglect and violence toward children (i.e., physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical violence, and verbal violence). 2767 parents who had at least one child living at home completed the survey. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the data. LPA identified five profiles of parents (“Not in parental burnout”, “Inefficient”, “At risk of parental burnout”, “Emotionally exhausted and distant”, and “Burned out parents”), which were associated with different levels and forms of neglect and violence. Profiles in which high levels of exhaustion were associated with high levels of emotional distancing showed much higher levels of neglect and violence. Results also show that physical violence remains lower than the other forms of violence or neglect. The results first suggest that exhausted parents need to be diagnosed and cared for before exhaustion leads to emotional distancing. They also suggest that burned out parents inhibit physical violence more than the other forms of violence and neglect.
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- 2020
49. The changing face of abuse cases in a pediatric intensive care unit: A single‐center experience
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Fatih Varol, Ebru Sahin, Busra Ozgunay, Mehmet Cengiz, Zeynep Meva Altas, Sirin Guven, and Varol F., Sahin E., Ozgunay B., Cengiz M., ALTAŞ Z. M. , Guven S.
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Male ,physical neglect ,child abuse ,Comorbidity ,Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ,Sağlık Bilimleri ,Pediatrics ,Clinical Medicine (MED) ,Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ,Child Health and Diseases ,emotional neglect ,FRACTURES ,Health Sciences ,CHILD-ABUSE ,Humans ,Klinik Tıp (MED) ,Pediatri, Perinatoloji ve Çocuk Sağlığı ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Internal Medicine Sciences ,Klinik Tıp ,HEAD-INJURY ,Infant ,Dahili Tıp Bilimleri ,CLINICAL MEDICINE ,Tıp ,Hospitalization ,Pediatri ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Female ,PEDİATRİ ,pediatric intensive care unit - Abstract
Background: Due to the increase in abuse and neglect cases in recent years, the purpose of this study was to assess child abuse and neglect of patients who were hospitalized and followed up in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A total of 34 abuse and neglect patients who were admitted to the PICU from August 2020 to March 2021 were included retrospectively in the study. Patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from our hospital’s patient record system (HIS). Comorbidities and the mental status of the patients, affected systems, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Results: In this study, 44.1% (n: 15) of the patients were male and 55.9% (n: 19) were female. Physical neglect such as foreign body aspiration, malnutrition, electrocution, drowning, traffic accident, and body collision was detected in 14 (41.2%) patients. Emotional neglect (taking drugs, alcohol, or suicide) was found in 19 (55.9%) of our patients. Only 1 (2.9%) patient presented with physical abuse. Conclusions: Perception of neglect varies among different cultures. Any infant or child who is admitted to the PICU with a history that is not consistent, a history of delay in seeking medical attention, a previous history of abuse or suspected abuse, or the absence of the primary caretaker at the appearance of illness should signal possible abuse. Health-care professionals should give more attention to these patients to prevent the overlooking and recurrence of neglect and abuse cases due to the intense work tempo in the PICU.
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- 2022
50. The within poverty differences in the occurrence of physical neglect.
- Author
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Shanahan, Meghan E., Runyan, Desmond K., Martin, Sandra L., and Kotch, Jonathan B.
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CHILD abuse , *PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MENTAL depression , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *POVERTY , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *RESIDENTIAL patterns , *SECONDARY analysis , *SOCIAL support , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
This secondary data analysis examined the risk and protective factor(s) associated with physical neglect within a sample of impoverished children. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the associations among maternal age, child gender, caregiver depression, caregiver history of maltreatment, income-to-needs ratio, number of children in the home, marital status, neighborhood quality, and physical neglect. Social support was explored as a potential moderator. Among this impoverished sample, children whose caregivers had depression were 2.03 times as likely to experience physical neglect as children whose caregivers were not depressed (95% CI 1.25, 3.30; p = 0.004). Children whose caregivers reported experiencing child maltreatment were 1.81 times as likely to experience physical neglect as children whose caregivers did not experience maltreatment as a child (95% CI 1.17, 2.81; p = 0.008). Children who live in higher quality neighborhoods were 0.74 times as likely to experience physical neglect as children who live in lower quality neighborhoods (95% CI 0.57, 0.96; p = 0.03). No other significant relationships were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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