Search

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Viruses are the current big enemy of the world's healthcare systems. As the small infector causes various deadly diseases, from influenza and HIV to COVID-19, the virus continues to evolve from one type to its mutants. Therefore, the development of antivirals demands tremendous attention and resources for drug researchers around the world. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) development includes discovering new drug compounds and developing existing ones. However, to innovate a new antiviral takes a very long time to test its safety and effectiveness, from structure modeling to synthesis, and then requires various stages of clinical trials. Meanwhile, developing the existing API can be more efficient because it reduces many development stages. One approach in this effort is to modify the solid structures to improve their physicochemical properties and enhance their activity. This review discusses antiviral multicomponent systems under the research phase and has been marketed. The discussion includes the types of antivirals, their counterpart compound, screening, manufacturing methods, multicomponent systems yielded, characterization methods, physicochemical properties, and their effects on their pharmacological activities. It is hoped that the opportunities and challenges of solid antiviral drug modifications can be drawn in this review as important information for further antiviral development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Composting increased the proportion of pig manure digestate in seedling substrate. • Composting stabilize the physiochemical properties of pig manure digestate. • Perlite and sawdust improve the physiochemical properties of PMBD in composting. • Both PMBD and CPMBD improved plant growth performance, especially CPMBD. • Tomato was more sensitive than Lettuce to the seedling substrate properties. Anaerobic digestion of organic residues has the potential to significantly contribute to a shift from fossil to renewable energy, while the remaining biogas digestate need to be treated or used for a second time. In this study, the pig manure biogas digestate (PMBD) was evaluated as a potential part of seedling substrates and composting was considered a pretreating method to improve its characters. Composting was carried out firstly in a forced aeration composting system (100 L), in which perlite and sawdust were used as additives in different proportions separately or together. Based on the comparison of the physicochemical characters of different seedling substrates formulas mixed with PMBD or pig manure biogas digestate pretreated by composting (CPMBD), selected seedling substrates were analyzed by bioassay experiment. The results showed that pretreatment by composting and the additives (perlite and sawdust) used in composting decreased the pH value of PMBD and make it suitable for seedling substrates, especially composted with perlite and sawdust. Both PMBD and CPMBD with low proportion in the substrates improved plant growth of lettuce and tomato, while CPMBD was better than PMBD. However, when the proportions of PMBD was increased more than 20% and CPMBD was increased more than 40%, plant growth inhibition was observed. Tomato was more sensitive than lettuce to the physicochemical characters of the substrate. In summary, PMBD pretreated by composting not only increases the uses of digestate, but also enhances plant growth and hence yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, by analyzing the relationship between hybrid combinations and parental lines, we found that the eating quality traits of hybrid combinations were determined by both parents. The sterile lines determined the overall eating quality characteristics of the hybrid combinations. For the same sterile line, there were some correlations between the hybrid combinations and restorer lines in terms of taste value, rapid visco analyzer breakdown and setback values, apparent amylose content, and cooked rice hardness and stickiness. Analysis of the starch fine structure between hybrid combinations and their restorer lines demonstrated positive correlations between them in terms of short-branch amylopectin chains and amylose. Moreover, different allelic combinations of the Wx gene showed different genetic effects on the eating quality traits of hybrid rice. Overall, this study provides a framework for the development of hybrid rice with superior eating quality.

Undoubtedly, water is one of the essential elements for life on earth. However, the uncontrolled utilization of water in numerous applications turn into the wastage of fresh water in many countries and this is expected to be the dilemma of the near future. Besides, improper use of clean water, polluting and mishandling of the available water resources has been considered as the major causes of water shortage. Researchers have foreseen this problem and are continuously attempting to preserve the existing waters. Studies on the remediation of polluted water using different technologies have been reported. Adsorption is one of the widely practiced techniques for water detoxification due to its high accuracy, simplicity and inexpensive method among available technologies. Adsorbents, particularly carbon-based materials had gained much attention due to their high adsorption capacity, low cost, easy availability and affinity toward wide range of undesired toxic species from the aqueous media. Moreover, the surface modification of such adsorbents using acids, bases or metals and non-metals for the improved efficiency has led to another broad range of modified materials showing better performances than the parent materials in water detoxification. This review highlights the use of activated carbon and its modified derivatives for the dyes polluted water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of silver by dodecylamine under neutral condition was studied. The extraction rates of silver at different temperatures and ionic strengths were calculated, and the optimum extraction factors were analyzed. The extraction rate decreases with increasing temperature, and the extraction rate can up to 98.79%. The physicochemical characters of the reaction such as the standard equilibrium constant K0, the change of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were computed. Gibbs free energy, entropy, enthalpy and heat capacity increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that low temperature is beneficial to extraction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Payena lucida A.DC. seed oil has long been used as edible oil and treating various kinds of diseases as oral and topical applications in some local areas of Myanmar. Objectives: This research aimed to identify and qualify the physicochemical characters and fatty acid composition of P. lucida seed oil. Materials and Methods: Two authentic seed oils of P. lucida were prepared and evaluated in comparison with two commercial seed oils. The physicochemical characters of the seed oils were determined by methods described in the USP 39, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results: The physicochemical characters of authentic and commercial seed oil samples were not much different. Their specific gravities, refractive indices, acid values, saponification values, ester values, and iodine values were 0.9117-0.9138, 1.4645-1.4652, 3.88-12.03 mg KOH/g, 210-213 mg KOH/g, 199-208 mg KOH/g, and 68.85-84.85 g I2/100 g, respectively. The amount of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 38-41%, 53-55%, and 7-8%, respectively, with oleic acid (53-55%) as the major fatty acid. Conclusions: Quality of P. lucida seed oil was concluded in terms of physicochemical characters and fatty acid composition. Commercially available seed oils showed comparable quality with those of authentic seed oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An advanced aqueous amine solvent of tetramethylammonium glycinate ([N1111][Gly]) was characterized for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption purposes. Density, viscosity and pH of the [N1111][Gly] solution, with concentrations ranging from 5% to 30%, were determined at temperatures from 298 to 323K. Solubility and diffusivity of CO2 in [N1111][Gly] solution at the same temperatures and concentrations was estimated. Absorption of CO2 into [N1111][Gly] aqueous solution was investigated using a double stirred-cell absorber with a planar gas–liquid interface. The effects of the [N1111][Gly] concentration, temperature and CO2 concentration of absorption CO2 into aqueous [N1111][Gly] were studied. The kinetics study showed that absorption CO2 into aqueous [N1111][Gly] was the fast pseudo-first order reaction regime. Based on the reaction regime, the enhancement factor E, the overall reaction kinetic constant k ov and the second-order rate constant k 2 were obtained using the two-film model. The results showed that E was linear with C B0 1/2, and the activation energy of 15% aqueous [N1111][Gly] absorbing CO2 was 15.431kJmol−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nuclear receptors are involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that affect and regulate processes such as organ development and maintenance, ion transport, homeostasis, and apoptosis. In this article, an optimal pseudo amino acid composition based on physicochemical characters of amino acids is suggested to represent proteins for predicting the subfamilies of nuclear receptors. Six physicochemical characters of amino acids were adopted to generate the protein sequence features via web server PseAAC. The optimal values of the rank of correlation factor and the weighting factor about PseAAC were determined to get the appropriate descriptor of proteins that leads to the best performance. A nonredundant dataset of nuclear receptors in four subfamilies is constructed to evaluate the method using support vector machines. An overall accuracy of 99.6% was achieved in the fivefold cross-validation test as well as the jackknife test, and an overall accuracy of 98.4% was reached in a blind dataset test. The performance is very competitive with that of some previous methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]