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Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lind. has significant medicinal and economic value, and the social demand for this species is increasing annually. Laser light sources have different luminescent mechanisms compared with ordinary light sources and are also important factors regulating the synthesis of functional metabolites in A. roxburghii. However, the regulatory mechanism through which A. roxburghii responds to blue laser light has not been investigated. Previous studies have shown that blue-laser treatment results in more red leaves than blue- or white-light treatment. Here, the differences in the effects of laser treatment on A. roxburghii were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the membranes, calcium ion binding, brassinosteroid-mediated signaling pathway and response to salicylic acid play important roles in the response of A. roxburghii to blue laser light. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed the involvement of multiple pathways in the response to blue-laser treatment, and among these, beta biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, limonene and pinene biosynthesis, and peroxisomes play core roles. Cytoscape interaction analysis of the differentially expressed miRNA targets indicated that novel_miR_66, novel_miR_78 and novel_miR_212 were most likely involved in the effect of blue laser light on A. roxburghii. Metabolic content measurements showed that blue laser light increased the beet red pigment, thiamine, total flavonoid and limonene contents, and qPCR analysis confirmed that novel_miR_21, novel_miR_66, novel_miR_188 and novel_miR_194 might participate in the blue-laser signaling network through their target genes and thereby regulate the functional metabolite accumulation in A. roxburghii. This study provides a scientific basis for high-yield A. roxburghii production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GA3 is a common plant growth regulator used in production that can accelerate plant metabolism and significantly enhance the plant growth rate. We investigated the effects of exogenous GA3 on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Aglaonema under drought treatment. The effects of exogenous GA3 on the plant height, leaf blight rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf pigment, and malondialdehyde content of Aglaonema were evaluated using Aglaonema 'Red Ruyi' as the test material and simulating natural drought treatment in nutrient soil pots. The spraying of exogenous GA3 significantly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities, promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars, reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and slowed the decline of chlorophyll and carotenoids, which had good effects such as the reduction of the leaf wilting rate and increase in the plant height as well as the maintenance of the plant shape to maintain the ornamental appearance. The growth indexes such as plant height and wilting rate were mainly influenced by the changes of the leaf pigment and physiological and biochemical indexes of malondialdehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to explore the changes of morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes during the development of Notopterygium incisum seeds, and to provide theoretical basis for the introduction and domestication of N . incisum and the cultivation of high-quality germplasm resources. [Methods] The morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes of N . incisum seeds at different developmental stages were determined by observation samplings and the frozen section method. [Results] During the development of N . incisum seeds, seed size and wing thickness were first increased and then decreased, while wing width was increased. The color of the outer seed coat was changed from bright blue-green to yellow-brown. The contents of starch, soluble sugar, and soluble protein were increased. Amylase activity was fluctuated in a small range; succinate dehydrogenase activity was increased; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased and decreased alternately; pyruvate kinase activity showed “M”-shape changes. POD activity was decreased while SOD activity was decreased. GA3, IAA, and ZR contents were decreased, while ABA contents were increased. The morphological indexes of the seeds were negatively correlated with the activity of SOD. The content of the storage materials was negatively correlated with the seed thickness, but positively correlated with the width of the fruit wings. [Conclusion] When N . incisum embryo is developed to pre-cardioid embryo, the outer seed coat is changed from blue-green to yellow-brown, the content of storage material is increased, and the activity of key enzymes is fluctuated and decreased. The content of growth-promoting hormones is fluctuated and decreased, while the content of stress hormones is increased.

Abstract Sorghum is the world’s fifth-largest cereal crop, and anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) is the main disease affecting sorghum. However, systematic research on the cellular structure, physiological and biochemical, and genes related to anthracnose resistance and disease resistance evaluation in sorghum is lacking in the field. Upon inoculation with anthracnose (C. sublineola) spores, disease-resistant sorghum (gz93) developed a relative lesion area (RLA) that was significantly smaller than that of the disease-susceptible sorghum (gz234). The leaf thickness, length and profile area of leaf mesophyll cells, upper and lower epidermal cells decreased in the lesion area, with a greater reduction observed in gz234 than in gz93. The damage caused by C. sublineola resulted in a greater decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in gz234 than in gz93, with early-stage reduction due to stomatal limitation and late-stage reduction caused by lesions. Overall, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA3), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance. While malondialdehyde (MDA) may be negatively correlated with disease resistance. Disease-resistant genes are significantly overexpressed in gz93, with significant expression changes in gz234, which is related to disease resistance in sorghum. Correlation analysis indicates that GA3, MDA, peroxidase (POD), and disease-resistance genes can serve as reference indicators for disease severity. The regression equation RLA = 0.029 + 8.02 × 10−6 JA–0.016 GA3 can predict and explain RLA. Principal component analysis (PCA), with the top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicators and the top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genes, can explain 82.37% and 89.11% of their total variance, reducing the number of evaluation indicators. This study provides a basis for research on the mechanisms and breeding of sorghum with resistance to anthracnose.

Sorghum is the world’s fifth-largest cereal crop, and anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) is the main disease affecting sorghum. However, systematic research on the cellular structure, physiological and biochemical, and genes related to anthracnose resistance and disease resistance evaluation in sorghum is lacking in the field. Upon inoculation with anthracnose (C. sublineola) spores, disease-resistant sorghum (gz93) developed a relative lesion area (RLA) that was significantly smaller than that of the disease-susceptible sorghum (gz234). The leaf thickness, length and profile area of leaf mesophyll cells, upper and lower epidermal cells decreased in the lesion area, with a greater reduction observed in gz234 than in gz93. The damage caused by C. sublineola resulted in a greater decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in gz234 than in gz93, with early-stage reduction due to stomatal limitation and late-stage reduction caused by lesions. Overall, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA3), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance. While malondialdehyde (MDA) may be negatively correlated with disease resistance. Disease-resistant genes are significantly overexpressed in gz93, with significant expression changes in gz234, which is related to disease resistance in sorghum. Correlation analysis indicates that GA3, MDA, peroxidase (POD), and disease-resistance genes can serve as reference indicators for disease severity. The regression equation RLA = 0.029 + 8.02 × 10−6 JA–0.016 GA3 can predict and explain RLA. Principal component analysis (PCA), with the top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicators and the top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genes, can explain 82.37% and 89.11% of their total variance, reducing the number of evaluation indicators. This study provides a basis for research on the mechanisms and breeding of sorghum with resistance to anthracnose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to low starch content and poor seed vigor, sweet corn seeds exhibit poor storage stability. Therefore, understanding the physiological and biochemical changes in seeds after natural aging is crucial for assessing seed status and extending the storage period. This study aims to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in aged seeds of different genotypes. An eight-month natural aging experiment was conducted on 10 sweet corn inbred lines. The results showed an obvious decrease in germination potential, germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index after natural aging, and two inbred lines with stronger tolerance to natural aging were identified from the 10 inbred lines studied. In aged seeds, levels of gibberellin, abscisic acid, total protein, total starch, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipoxygenase, and amylase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, exhibited significant differences among inbred lines. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among four seed vigor indices and a highly negative correlation between seed vigor indices and MDA content. Germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index displayed a highly negative correlation with lipoxygenase activity. Furthermore, starch granule decomposition was observed in the endosperm of low-vigor inbred lines, contrary to amylase activity. Thus, this study indicates variations in seed vigor, biochemical indicators, and the ultrastructure of aged sweet corn seeds among different genotypes. Both lower lipoxygenase activity and reduced MDA accumulation contribute to seed resistance to aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of different levels of compound Chinese herbal medicine on the growth, digestion and blood biochemical indexes of Juvenile Micropterus salmoides, 750 Juvenile Micropterus salmoides with an initial body weight of (0.61±0.01) g and an initial body length of (3.14 ± 0.02) cm were selected and fed with 0, 2.5‰, 5‰, 7.5‰ and 10.0‰ Chinese herbal medicine feed respectively. There were three replicates in each group and 50 fishes in each replicate for 8 weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of Juvenile Micropterus salmoides in the 5‰ group were significantly higher (P<0.05), and the feeding rate and feed coefficient in the 2.5‰ and 5‰ groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the lipase activity in the stomach and intestines of the test group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the protease activity in the stomach, intestines, and hepatopancreas of the 5‰ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the T-AOC activity in 5‰ group, SOD activity in the 5‰ and 7.5‰ group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the GSH-Px activity of the 7.5‰ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The MDA content in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the glucose content in the 2.5‰ and 5‰ groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the total cholesterol and triglyceride content in the 5‰ and 7.5‰ groups were significantly reduced (P< 0.05), and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in the 2.5‰ and 5‰ groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05). In summary, the compound Chinese herbal medicine has the effects of promoting growth and digestion, improving antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid content for juvenile Micropterus salmoides. The appropriate level of compound Chinese herbal medicine in the feed is 5‰-7.5‰. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tembotrione, a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting herbicide applied in maize fields, was first registered in China in 2021. To clarify the safety of tembotrione on different maize inbred lines, the effects of tembotrione on the growth as well as physiological and biochemical indicators of maize inbred lines HB05 (‘Mo17’), HB09 (‘PH6WC’), HB39 (‘J525’), and HB82 (‘KH8’) were studied. The results indicated that under tembotrione stress of 120 g a.i./hm², sensitive maize lines HB82 and HB39 exhibited wilting, chlorosis of leaves, and even death, significantly impairing maize growth. Conversely, the leaves of tolerant maize inbred lines HB05和HB09 showed no signs of injury, and the application of tembotrione had little impact on their growth. The Sensitive varieties HB82 and HB39 exhibited plant height inhibition rates of 64.63% and 63.79% and fresh weight inhibition rates of 70.06% and 66.02% under 240 g a.i./hm² tembotrione treatment for 14 days. In contrast, tolerant varieties HB05 and HB09 showed lower plant height inhibition rates of 48.61% and 38.05% after 720 g a.i./hm² treatment for the same duration, with fresh weight inhibition rates of 21.93% and 43.63%, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of tembotrione for the root length were 223.50 and 37.42 mg/L for the tolerant HB05 and HB09, whereas the sensitive varieties HB82 and HB39 displayed lower IC50 values, measuring 13.48 mg/L and 16.13 mg/L. Chlorophyll content measurements revealed a declining trend in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll for both sensitive and resistant maize. Following 7 days of treatment with 120 g a.i./hm² tembotrione, the total chlorophyll content in sensitive maize HB82 and HB39 experienced substantial decreases of 87.76% and 70.55% while the resistant maize HB05 and HB09 showed lower decreases, with reductions of 49.86% and 33.65%, respectively; The carotenoid content determination revealed an 83.72% and 74.02% decrease in sensitive maize varieties HB82 and HB39, respectively, after 7 days of tembotrione application. In contrast, resistant maize varieties HB05 and HB09 exhibited lower reductions, with decreases of 40.83% and 33.33%, respectively. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities indicated that tembotrione stress led to an elevation in enzyme activities in various maize inbred lines, with a pattern of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing. The extent of this change was more pronounced in sensitive maize compared to resistant maize. In summary, notable variations in the sensitivity to tembotrione exist among different maize inbred lines. The clarification of the resistance levels of various maize varieties to tembotrione is vital for mitigating unnecessary losses in maize production affected by this herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When encountered in the soybean seedling stage, salt stress has serious impacts on plant growth and development. This study explores the role of the soybean NDR1/HIN1-like family gene GmNHL1 under salt stress. First, the GmNHL1 gene was successfully cloned, and bioinformatic analysis revealed multiple cis-acting elements which are related to adversity stress and involved in the oxidative response in the promoter region. Sub-cellular localization analysis indicated that the protein expressed by GmNHL1 was localized on the cell membrane. An over-expression vector of the target gene and a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed, and the recipient soybean variety Jinong 74 was genetically transformed using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. By analyzing the performance of the different plants under salt stress, the results showed that GmNHL1 was over-expressed in the T2 generation. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vitality index of the strain were significantly higher than those of the recipient control JN74. Under salt stress conditions, the root microanatomical structure of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material remained relatively intact, and its growth was better than that of the recipient control JN74. Measurement of physiological and biochemical indicators demonstrated that, compared with the receptor control JN74, the malondialdehyde and O2− contents of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material were significantly reduced, while the antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and chlorophyll content significantly increased; however, the results for GmNHL1 gene-edited materials were the opposite. In summary, over-expression of GmNHL1 can improve the salt tolerance of plants and maintain the integrity of the root anatomical structure, thereby more effectively and rapidly reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde and O2− content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. This reduces cell membrane damage, thereby improving the salt tolerance of soybean plants. These results help to better understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in soybean plants, laying a theoretical foundation for breeding new stress-resistant varieties of soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypoglycemic activity of lotus seedpod procyanidin was investigated in a Wistar rat model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin, and its mechanism of action was preliminarily explored. The rats were divided into six groups: blank control, diabetic model, and lotus seedpod procyanidin at low, medium and high doses. Body mass, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide concentration, oxidative stress, total cholesterol (TC) concentration, triglyceride (TG) concentration and organ indices were measured in each group of mice, and the pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues were also observed. The results showed that lotus seedpod procyanidin alleviated mass loss in diabetic rats. Compared with the model group, high-dose lotus seedpod procyanidin significantly or extremely significantly reduced food and water intake, and fasting blood glucose, serum TC and TG concentrations in rats (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Medium- and high-dose lotus seedpod procyanidin extremely significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (P < 0.01) and significantly or extremely significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), thus improving oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Microscopic observation of rat liver and kidney sections indicated that lotus seedpod procyanidin could protect liver and kidney tissues to a certain extent. In conclusion, lotus seedpod procyanidin has a significant hypoglycemic effect, possibly by affecting lipid metabolism and protecting rats from oxidative stress.

Due to low starch content and poor seed vigor, sweet corn seeds exhibit poor storage stability. Therefore, understanding the physiological and biochemical changes in seeds after natural aging is crucial for assessing seed status and extending the storage period. This study aims to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in aged seeds of different genotypes. An eight-month natural aging experiment was conducted on 10 sweet corn inbred lines. The results showed an obvious decrease in germination potential, germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index after natural aging, and two inbred lines with stronger tolerance to natural aging were identified from the 10 inbred lines studied. In aged seeds, levels of gibberellin, abscisic acid, total protein, total starch, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipoxygenase, and amylase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, exhibited significant differences among inbred lines. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among four seed vigor indices and a highly negative correlation between seed vigor indices and MDA content. Germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index displayed a highly negative correlation with lipoxygenase activity. Furthermore, starch granule decomposition was observed in the endosperm of low-vigor inbred lines, contrary to amylase activity. Thus, this study indicates variations in seed vigor, biochemical indicators, and the ultrastructure of aged sweet corn seeds among different genotypes. Both lower lipoxygenase activity and reduced MDA accumulation contribute to seed resistance to aging.

Taking six commonly used alfalfa varieties in northern China as test materials, by potting in a simulated dry shed, two methods of drought treatment and regular irrigation were set to study the effects of drought stress on the germination and growth of different alfalfa, which provided references for breeding of new drought-resistant varieties and economic irrigation for production. The results showed that the germination rate of alfalfa seeds decreased with the increase of the degree of drought; the plant height, number of branches, leaf area, main root length and root volume in the morphological characteristics of alfalfa under drought stress all showed a downward trend; chlorophyll short-term drought stress increased, leaf water potential decreased, and proline content increased; root biomass and aerial biomass decreased, root-shoot ratio increased; relative water content increased. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the drought resistance of the 6 alfalfa varieties from high to low were in the order of Aohan, Giant 2017, Queen, Suntory, Xinjiang Daye and Feiner. In general, Aohan and Giant 2017 were suitable for planting in arid areas. Considering economic indicators and drought conditions, we could choose medium drought-resistant varieties in sandy and semi-arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When encountered in the soybean seedling stage, salt stress has serious impacts on plant growth and development. This study explores the role of the soybean NDR1/HIN1-like family gene GmNHL1 under salt stress. First, the GmNHL1 gene was successfully cloned, and bioinformatic analysis revealed multiple cis-acting elements which are related to adversity stress and involved in the oxidative response in the promoter region. Sub-cellular localization analysis indicated that the protein expressed by GmNHL1 was localized on the cell membrane. An over-expression vector of the target gene and a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed, and the recipient soybean variety Jinong 74 was genetically transformed using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. By analyzing the performance of the different plants under salt stress, the results showed that GmNHL1 was over-expressed in the T2 generation. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vitality index of the strain were significantly higher than those of the recipient control JN74. Under salt stress conditions, the root microanatomical structure of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material remained relatively intact, and its growth was better than that of the recipient control JN74. Measurement of physiological and biochemical indicators demonstrated that, compared with the receptor control JN74, the malondialdehyde and O2− contents of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material were significantly reduced, while the antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and chlorophyll content significantly increased; however, the results for GmNHL1 gene-edited materials were the opposite. In summary, over-expression of GmNHL1 can improve the salt tolerance of plants and maintain the integrity of the root anatomical structure, thereby more effectively and rapidly reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde and O2− content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. This reduces cell membrane damage, thereby improving the salt tolerance of soybean plants. These results help to better understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in soybean plants, laying a theoretical foundation for breeding new stress-resistant varieties of soybean.

Research on the nutrient content of cereal grains during germination is becoming a hot topic; however, studies on germinated maize are still scarce. This study aimed to provide a technical reference and theoretical basis for the development of functional maize health foods and to expand the application of ultrasonic technology in the production of germinated grains. In this study, the germination rate of maize was used as the evaluation index, and the ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic temperature, and induction time were selected as the influencing factors in orthogonal experiments to determine the optimal process parameters for ultrasonic induction of maize germination (ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz, ultrasonic temperature of 30 °C, and ultrasonic induction time of 30 min). Based on this process, the effects of ultrasonic induction on the main physiological, biochemical, and γ–aminobutyric acid contents of maize during germination were investigated. The results showed that the respiration of the ultrasonic treated maize was significantly enhanced during germination, resulting in a 27% increase in sprout length, as well as a 4.03% higher dry matter consumption rate, and a 2.11% higher starch consumption rate. Furthermore, the reducing sugar content of germinated maize increased by 22.83%, soluble protein content increased by 22.52%, and γ–aminobutyric acid content increased by 30.55% after ultrasonic induction treatment. Throughout the germination process, the glutamate acid decarboxylase activity of the ultrasonically treated maize was higher than that of the control group, indicating that ultrasonication can promote maize germination, accelerate the germination process, and shorten the enrichment time of γ–aminobutyric acid in germinated maize. The results of this study can be applied to the production of γ–aminobutyric acid enrichment in germinated maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on the nutrient content of cereal grains during germination is becoming a hot topic; however, studies on germinated maize are still scarce. This study aimed to provide a technical reference and theoretical basis for the development of functional maize health foods and to expand the application of ultrasonic technology in the production of germinated grains. In this study, the germination rate of maize was used as the evaluation index, and the ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic temperature, and induction time were selected as the influencing factors in orthogonal experiments to determine the optimal process parameters for ultrasonic induction of maize germination (ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz, ultrasonic temperature of 30 °C, and ultrasonic induction time of 30 min). Based on this process, the effects of ultrasonic induction on the main physiological, biochemical, and γ–aminobutyric acid contents of maize during germination were investigated. The results showed that the respiration of the ultrasonic treated maize was significantly enhanced during germination, resulting in a 27% increase in sprout length, as well as a 4.03% higher dry matter consumption rate, and a 2.11% higher starch consumption rate. Furthermore, the reducing sugar content of germinated maize increased by 22.83%, soluble protein content increased by 22.52%, and γ–aminobutyric acid content increased by 30.55% after ultrasonic induction treatment. Throughout the germination process, the glutamate acid decarboxylase activity of the ultrasonically treated maize was higher than that of the control group, indicating that ultrasonication can promote maize germination, accelerate the germination process, and shorten the enrichment time of γ–aminobutyric acid in germinated maize. The results of this study can be applied to the production of γ–aminobutyric acid enrichment in germinated maize.

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on certain issues of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) biology and cultivation in Ukraine and abroad, as well as concerning the effects of rearing conditions on physiological, biochemical and fish-breeding characteristics of clariids. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been formed with the publications in Ukrainian, Russian and English from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. There was composed the thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 112 sources covering the time interval from 1978 to 2017, as well as an article from the "Aquaculture" journal, dated 2018, and including the fish-biological characteristics of African catfish as representative of Siluriformes order, Clariidae family. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “ Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of interests covers the questions of cultivation and study of the biological features of African catfish.

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Potassium (K +) is one of the many elements necessary for plant growth and development, and is the only one that plants need to have a higher concentration of cation. In order to cope with the low potassium stress, the plant evolves a series of complex signal regulation pathways. HAK5 is an important high-affinity potassium transporter, which is mainly responsible for potassium uptake under low potassium conditions, and low potassium stress can significantly induce transcription of HAK5. In this experiment, the complete reading frame (ORF) of the gene was cloned from the young leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) Yu71-1, named MaHAK5.Sequence analysis showed that the MaHAK5 is 2625bp long, it's open reading frame (ORF) is of 2478bp, and encoding 828 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 92.17kD and an isoelectric point of 8.37. Phylogenetic analysis based on MaHAK5 with other species showed that mulberry had a closer relationship with Chuansang (Morus notabilis XP_010112002.1), Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba XP_015898221.1), and Fragaria vesca (Fragaria vesca subsp. Vesca XP_004299195.2). Drought, high salt and low temperature stress could affect the expression level ofMaHAK5 gene in mulberry, meanwhile the expression level of MaHAK5 gene was increased and the physiological and biochemical indicators were affected by low potassium treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The study aimed to identify the difference of physiological mechanism and biochemical indexes between GF677 and wild peach on alkaline soil. 【Method】 We dynamically measured antioxidant system and physiological and biochemical index of stems and roots of GF677 and wild peach in different periods on alkaline soil under the site conditions. And we observed leaf anatomical structure in different periods of paraffin section. 【Result】 The activities of enzymes with complementary base of ferriporphyrin such as POD and CAT of GF677 were higher than that of wild peach, thus ensuring that the active oxygen in the body was cleared in time. While MDA and relative conductivity of wild peach increased significantly under alkali stress, and mesophyll cells severely damaged. In the GF677, more nutrients are stored in the branches of soluble starch, while it is stored in the root in wild peach of soluble sugar. Alkali stress induced higher activity of FCR in both wild peach’s and GF677’s roots at the same time. The activity of FCR of wild peach roots will sharply be rising and falling rapidly in a short time, while the activity of FCR of GF677’s roots will continue to rise. GF677 can maintain high FCR activity in a long time to adapt to alkali stress, thus ensuring reduction and absorption of iron element. 【Conclusion】 GF677 as an introduction of the anti-yellowing rootstock resources in our country, showed strong ability of resistance to yellowing on alkaline soil in Sichuan basin. GF677 has stronger ability of plant nutrient status and root antioxidant system of iron reduction than the wild peach. This research provides theoretical bases for the screening of resistance to alkali resistant peach germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) black shank disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is a significant threat to tobacco crops, leading to severe economic losses. Prolonged use of agrochemicals to control this disease has prompted the exploration of eco-friendly biological control strategies. This study investigated the effects of Trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent, on N. tabacum in comparison to P. nicotianae, focusing on growth, biomass, root morphology and anatomy, hormonal changes, and osmotic regulation. T. harzianum significantly enhanced plant growth, biomass accumulation, root system development, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic pigment levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, P. nicotianae negatively impacted these parameters, inhibiting growth and physiological function. Notably, T. harzianum increased proline content and enhanced induced resistance mechanisms, mitigating stress and promoting overall plant health. These findings highlight the potential of T. harzianum as a sustainable solution for managing black shank disease while improving tobacco crop productivity.