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Maritime studies, encompassing a range of disciplines, increasingly rely on advanced data analytics, particularly in the context of navigation. As technology advances, the statistical averaging of large datasets has become a critical component of these analyses. However, recent studies have highlighted discrepancies between statistical predictions and observable realities, especially in high-stress environments like port approach procedures conducted by marine pilots. This study analyzed physiological responses recorded during simulation exercises involving experienced marine pilots. The focus was not on the specific outcomes of the simulations but on the potential faults arising from conventional statistical signal processing, particularly mean-centered approaches. A large dataset of signals was generated, including one signal with a dominant characteristic intentionally designed to introduce imbalance, mimicking the uneven distribution of real-world data. Initial analysis suggested that the average physiological response of the pilots followed an S-shaped curve, indicative of a psychophysiological reaction to stress. However, further post hoc analysis revealed that this pattern was primarily influenced by a single participant's data. This finding raises concerns about the generalizability of the S-curve as a typical stress response in maritime pilots. The results underscore the limitations of relying solely on conventional statistical methods, such as mean-centered approaches, in interpreting complex datasets. The study calls into question the validity of standardizing data interpretations based on dominant characteristic curves, particularly in environments as intricate as maritime navigation. The research highlights the need for a re-evaluation of these methods to ensure more reliable and nuanced conclusions in maritime studies. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on data interpretation in maritime research, emphasizing the critical need to reassess conventional statistical signal processing techniques. By recognizing the potential pitfalls in data generalization, the study advocates for more robust analytical approaches to better capture the complexities of realworld maritime challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime studies, encompassing a range of disciplines, increasingly rely on advanced data analytics, particularly in the context of navigation. As technology advances, the statistical averaging of large datasets has become a critical component of these analyses. However, recent studies have highlighted discrepancies between statistical predictions and observable realities, especially in high-stress environments like port approach procedures conducted by marine pilots. This study analyzed physiological responses recorded during simulation exercises involving experienced marine pilots. The focus was not on the specific outcomes of the simulations but on the potential faults arising from conventional statistical signal processing, particularly mean-centered approaches. A large dataset of signals was generated, including one signal with a dominant characteristic intentionally designed to introduce imbalance, mimicking the uneven distribution of real-world data. Initial analysis suggested that the average physiological response of the pilots followed an S-shaped curve, indicative of a psycho-physiological reaction to stress. However, further post hoc analysis revealed that this pattern was primarily influenced by a single participant’s data. This finding raises concerns about the generalizability of the S-curve as a typical stress response in maritime pilots. The results underscore the limitations of relying solely on conventional statistical methods, such as mean-centered approaches, in interpreting complex datasets. The study calls into question the validity of standardizing data interpretations based on dominant characteristic curves, particularly in environments as intricate as maritime navigation. The research highlights the need for a re-evaluation of these methods to ensure more reliable and nuanced conclusions in maritime studies. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on data interpretation in maritime research, emphasizing the critical need to re-assess conventional statistical signal processing techniques. By recognizing the potential pitfalls in data generalization, the study advocates for more robust analytical approaches to better capture the complexities of real-world maritime challenges.

Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The levels of informatization, automation, and intelligence are continuously improving; however, the risks associated with the increased design and operational complexity of ship systems are increasing. Large-scale ship accidents can occur for several reasons. Existing accident analysis methods that examine marine accidents from the perspective of causal one-to-one correspondence have limitations in systematically analyzing complex marine risks during cause identification for the prevention of similar accidents. This study focuses on a systematic causality analysis of the factors related to human error in marine accidents that may occur during the arrival and departure of mega container ships. In particular, a representative case of the Motor Vessel (MV) Milano Bridge crane contact accident at Busan New Port is considered. To explore the complex organizational–technical, human–technical, and organizational–human relationships relevant to this case, human factors (seafarer, pilot, etc.) that are closely related to the linked causes were analyzed using the functional resonance analysis method. This study aims to reduce human error and prevent marine accidents, including pilotage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine accidents cause many irreversible losses for life, property, and the environment. Moreover, accidents occurred in coastal areas cause even more. As a precaution, marine pilotage plays a key role in the safety of navigation. However, accidents still occur in coastal areas even if the pilot is on board. The paper, therefore, focuses on ship accidents that occurred while pilot is on board. In addition to pilot, as many complicated factors affect ship navigation in coastal areas and contribute ship accidents, solving intertwined relations between factors is essential to understanding accidents reasons. In this study, 32 factors contributing to ship accidents were identified based on accident investigation reports obtained from Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS) and expert opinion. These factors were analyzed by using DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to solve causal relations between factors. The findings showed that the human and ship related factors are the most significant main categories in the accidents under pilotage. In addition, their sub-categories which are crew training, ship condition, length over all, ship draught, master experience, pilot experience, and bridge team management have the most critical effect on the occurrence of accidents. It was concluded that there is a need for highly collaborative and fruitful relationship between master and pilot to provide safe navigation. Accordingly, effective control and preventive measures, which also provide a deeper understanding of safety management in the dangerous water are extensively discussed. Consequently, the obtained results provide valuable information for maritime transportation safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of professionalization of the heads of Catholic educational establishments (CESP) (Private education under contract in France) have led them for several years to take charge of multi-site groupings. In the first degree, this translates into the establishment of CESP in several schools in the same geographical entity. Therefore, unable to be in the various places at the same time, the CESPs organize, to make up for their absence, the operation and life of the schools, relying on the human resources of each place. The subsidiarity/delegation complementarity then becomes the central principle of the governance and managerial action of the CESP. The implementation of this principle produces a systemic set of adjustments made at different scales, from individual action to the adjustments instructed in each school to the institutional action of the adjustments instructed by the CESPs in networks and by the supervisory authorities which oversee it. become a political strategy. Our study reports, from the comments of the actors, the effects of some adjustments made at different levels of the design and implementation of this multisite governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With about 80% of world trade being seaborne, seaports’ capacity, efficiency and associated services are vital to ensure seamless, sustainable global supply chains. A lack of investment in marine services capacity and performance in South African ports remains a concern for port users and supply chain practitioners. Objectives: This study examines the capacity and performance of marine services in South Africa’s ports. The primary example examines marine services performance data for the Port of Durban. Method: This study uses Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) data and descriptive statistics to analyse marine fleet performance, bollard pulls and human capacity in South Africa’s ports to identify causes of shipping delays in the Port of Durban from 2014 to 2021. Results: The 8 years analysis show five most prominent sources of shipping delays in Ports as; tugboats occupied, shift changes, shipping movements, tugs out of commission and adverse weather conditions. Other factors identified were pilot-boat availability, overbooking slots, port meetings, etc. The performance of marine services are impacted by outdated wet infrastructure and a shortage of marine crafts and critical skills. Conclusion: There is a clear and justified need to increase physical and human capital investment in the provision of marine services and improve maintenance spending on critical infrastructure to reduce shipping delays and costs of conducting trade in South African (SA) ports. Contribution: The study compiles, analyses and provides a contextual understanding of the number of marine crafts, average bollard pulls, human resources capacity and causes of shipping delays in Republic of South Africa (RSA) ports.

Background: With about 80% of world trade being seaborne, seaports' capacity, efficiency and associated services are vital to ensure seamless, sustainable global supply chains. A lack of investment in marine services capacity and performance in South African ports remains a concern for port users and supply chain practitioners. Objectives: This study examines the capacity and performance of marine services in South Africa's ports. The primary example examines marine services performance data for the Port of Durban. Method: This study uses Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) data and descriptive statistics to analyse marine fleet performance, bollard pulls and human capacity in South Africa's ports to identify causes of shipping delays in the Port of Durban from 2014 to 2021. Results: The 8 years analysis show five most prominent sources of shipping delays in Ports as; tugboats occupied, shift changes, shipping movements, tugs out of commission and adverse weather conditions. Other factors identified were pilot-boat availability, overbooking slots, port meetings, etc. The performance of marine services are impacted by outdated wet infrastructure and a shortage of marine crafts and critical skills. Conclusion: There is a clear and justified need to increase physical and human capital investment in the provision of marine services and improve maintenance spending on critical infrastructure to reduce shipping delays and costs of conducting trade in South African (SA) ports. Contribution: The study compiles, analyses and provides a contextual understanding of the number of marine crafts, average bollard pulls, human resources capacity and causes of shipping delays in Republic of South Africa (RSA) ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergies France is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Au Maroc, les Laboratoires régionaux de recherche pédagogique ont été implantés aux seins des Académies régionales de l’éducation et de la formation pour gérer et conduire des recherches pédagogiques au niveau régional. Après plus d’une décennie d’exercice, ces laboratoires n’ont pas acquis une position avancée parmi les opérateurs de recherche. Leurs scores de visibilité scientifique sont toujours faibles. Par une méta-analyse d’un corpus d’étude constitué de trente documents, la recherche examine l’identité de ces laboratoires et leurs infrastructures de pilotage. Les résultats obtenus montrent des différences significatives entre ces entités et ceux affiliées aux universités quant aux structures, ressources humaines et missions. Les instances de pilotage ne permettent pas une pérennité des activités de recherche. L’amélioration scientifique de ces laboratoires stipule une révision de leurs fonctions principales, un recrutement d’un personnel chercheur légitime, une accréditation par les organisations scientifiques et un développement de la réputation scientifique.

La plateforme Géoscola est née de la nécessité de disposer d’un outil efficace pour le pilotage et l’aide à la décision de l’école publique du Canton du Valais. Sa création est le fruit d’une approche entre sciences de l’éducation et géographie. L’information sur le fonctionnement du système éducatif se construit à partir des subdivisions administratives scolaires avec une perspective territoriale, grâce à l’adaptation du géoportail « Géoclip Air » conçu et utilisé par les instituts géostatistiques. Cet article rend compte de l’aventure technique et humaine qu’a représenté ce projet. Il analyse également le processus ainsi initié avec différents acteurs institutionnels qui rend essentielle la prise en compte d’implications et d’exigences administratives, politiques et éthiques sensibles.

The levels of informatization, automation, and intelligence are continuously improving; however, the risks associated with the increased design and operational complexity of ship systems are increasing. Large-scale ship accidents can occur for several reasons. Existing accident analysis methods that examine marine accidents from the perspective of causal one-to-one correspondence have limitations in systematically analyzing complex marine risks during cause identification for the prevention of similar accidents. This study focuses on a systematic causality analysis of the factors related to human error in marine accidents that may occur during the arrival and departure of mega container ships. In particular, a representative case of the Motor Vessel (MV) Milano Bridge crane contact accident at Busan New Port is considered. To explore the complex organizational–technical, human–technical, and organizational–human relationships relevant to this case, human factors (seafarer, pilot, etc.) that are closely related to the linked causes were analyzed using the functional resonance analysis method. This study aims to reduce human error and prevent marine accidents, including pilotage.

Résumé: En situation de crise, le sentiment d'urgence à agir envahit le décideur et lui impose des modifications de ses modalités de pensées qu'il ne peut réfréner et qui obèrent ses capacités décisionnelles. Pour pouvoir gérer ce sentiment d'urgence à agir en situation de crise, il convient de définir ce qu'est un décideur, ce que recoupe le terme « agir », ce qu'est un « sentiment d'urgence » et, plus précisément, pourquoi le décideur ressent ce « sentiment d'urgence à agir ». Au-delà, cet article aborde comment piloter cette urgence à agir, en évitant l'incantatoire, avec un outil conceptuel cindynique pertinent, un métamodèle doctrinal, une stratégie adéquate, une organisation efficiente de la cellule de crise et une méthodologie ad hoc. In a crisis situation, a sense of urgency to act invades decision-makers and imposes on them changes in the way they think that they cannot curb and that burden their decisional capacities. To manage this sense of urgency to act in such a situation, it is necessary to define what a decision-maker is, what the term «act» encompasses, what a «sense of urgency» is, and, more precisely, why the decision-maker feels this «sense of urgency to act». In addition, this article discusses how to manage this urgency, avoiding incantations, with a relevant cindynical (risk management, from the Greek κίνδυνος) conceptual tool, a doctrinal metamodel, an adequate strategy, efficient organization of the crisis unit, and an ad hoc methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Educational Research / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Bildungswissenschaften is the property of University Library of Bern and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problems of developing the risk assessment methods to estimate the level of safety of the vessel under the current conditions on a planned route before staring the pilotage as well as to make the decision on the beginning or suspension of pilotage in order to increase the level of navigational safety are discussed in the paper. Moreover, the application of the research results will reduce the affect of the human factor in decision-making in tasks related to the sea-going vessel’s operation. The developed method for the quantitative assessment of navigational risks will improve the safety of ship’s pilotage. It can also be applied in the decision-making support systems for the navigator in case of collision avoidance actions. The research results presented in this paper can be used to create automatic control systems.

Copyright of Africa Journal of Public Sector Development & Governance (AJPSDG) is the property of African Management Development Institute Network (AMDIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, despite the technological advances, and increasing security measures in the maritime industry, it is observed that the effect of the human factor in the marine accidents has not changed. Most of the accidents occur in narrow canals, straits, rivers and entering port areas, resulting in environmental pollution, economical casualties and injury/loss of life. Pilotage is set compulsory in order to maintain safe passage at such confined waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical human factors on the potential ship accidents under pilotage operations. To explore the identified human factors, depth interviews and a questionnaire study were conducted with masters and pilots. The obtained data was analysed using DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to identify the most important and influential factors. The DEMATEL method is used to investigate interaction among human factors and to visualize them with help of causal-effect relation diagram. The results show that master experience, pilot experience and crew training are significant factors compared to other human risk factors. As a result of the findings of this research, it is also thought that improving the collaboration and communication between the master and the pilot will be effective in preventing the accidents. Moreover, understanding casual relations among human factors is important to prevent marine accidents. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed for testing reliability of the experts' evaluation and being clear certainty of the main results/findings in the DEMATEL method. It is found that expert considerations to the casual relationship between human factors are objective and sufficient. The findings of this article provide a critical overview of the research literature on the development of preventive measures for policy makers, shipping companies and port authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. The article analyzes the content of the main legislative acts regulating the activities of pilots and pilot societies in pre-revolutionary Russia. The relevance of the research is provided by the lack of knowledge in domestic science of the specifics of legal regulation of the pilot service in the Russian state in the pre-revolutionary period.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Th main sources of the research were normative documents, first of all, legislative acts of national significance, dedicated to commercial navigation and published in The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, which regulated the issues of financial security and social status of pilots in the Russian Empire, their responsibility. The methodology consists of the principles used in legal research, as well as general scientific and special methods of legal research (comparative legal, system, formal legal methods, historical and legal analysis).RESEARCH RESULTS. The Russian experience of regulatory regulation of pilotage is studied: The Maritime Regulations of 1722, the Regulations on Sea Pilots of 1890, the Charter of the Society of Saint Petersburg Pilots of 1896 and other legal acts of this period are considered. The specifics of legal regulation of the pilot service in pre-revolutionary Russia are established.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It is noted that the regulation of pilot companies as one of the trade unions was carried out under the control of the state. It is stated that the legislation of the Russian Empire, which determines the status of a pilot in the period of the XVIII–XIX century, was, in comparison with the legislation of European States, secondary and in many respects lagging behind the latter. The author focuses on how the structural organization of the pilot service and its legal status changed with the development of legislation.

The introduction of Renewable and Recoverable Energies (R&R) into the energy mix is one of the major levers for reducing CO2 emissions, particularly for heat production. For To this end, energy systems must be put in place based in particular on innovative thermal storage technologies. The purpose of this communication is to present the MERLIN modelling/optimization environment (Hétreux G., 2022) which offers software components allowing the development of applications to help with dimensioning and operational management of multi-energy systems. By way of illustration, these tools are implemented through the study of a system composed of a concentrated solar power plant and a storage used to supply hot air to a food drying oven.

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Motivated by real needs of the industry, this paper studies a maritime pilot scheduling problem with working hour regulations. The existing traditional manual scheduling method of the targeted pilot station is actually a greedy-based approach which may lead to an extremely high operating cost solution and also some dissatisfaction of pilots. A mixed-integer programming (MIP)-based formulation is established and a variable neighborhood search (VNS) approach is proposed to solve the problem efficiently. Compared to the traditional scheduling method, the VNS approach significantly reduces the operating costs in different scales of realistic instances. At the same time, working time and working timespan of pilots are also prominently reduced, which hence directly reduce the workloads of pilots and improve their job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area.

Navigators have been taught for centuries to estimate the location of their craft on a map from three lines of position, for redundancy. The three lines typically form a triangle, called a cocked hat. How is the location of the craft related to the triangle? For more than 80 years navigators have also been taught that, if each line of position is equally likely to pass to the right and to the left of the true location, then the likelihood that the craft is in the triangle is exactly 1/4. This is stated in numerous reputable sources, but was never stated or proved in a mathematically formal and rigorous fashion. In this paper we prove that the likelihood is indeed 1/4 if we assume that the lines of position always intersect pairwise. We also show that the result does not hold under weaker (and more reasonable) assumptions, and we prove a generalisation to $n$ lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large deep-sea ports are complex environments where different parties work together to handle ships. The ability to model the deep-sea ship handling process is desired with the goal of what-if ex-ante scenario assessment. In this paper, an agent-based model for simulating the port nautical services in the Port of Rotterdam is presented. The model is constructed based on the real-world process descriptions, and is calibrated and validated based on empirical data. We further show that the model can be used as a tool to analyse scenarios, of which two cases are presented in this paper. The bottom-up modelling approach used in this study provides a methodology to grasp the complex, multi-organizational, aspects of the port nautical service chain. The developed model can be seen as a prototype for a decision support tool for the Port of Rotterdam's Port Authority to analyse the impact of measures on this multi stakeholder system without a central control entity. The modelling approach is scalable to other complex large deep-sea ports with necessary adjustments, in terms of spatial elements, agent representations and empirical data.

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Situation awareness is an important construct in complex maritime operations. • Navigators need several information elements to maintain their situation awareness. • Factors like communication, attention and individual factors affect navigators' SA. • Having a prepared and detailed passaged plan may improve the navigator's performance. Maritime shipping transports about 90% of the international trade and is considered a high-risk industry. Among all daily operations carried out by merchant ships, navigation is deemed the most critical. With the ever-increasing dimensions of ocean-going ships and the threat possessed by dangerous cargoes in the event of an accident to individual lives and environment alike, the human factors which affect the navigation of merchant ships require paramount consideration to enhance safety in maritime operations. In this study, we explore the concept of Situation Awareness (SA) within the maritime domain, identifying the SA information requirements of navigators and factors affecting their SA. A total of 7 experienced navigators were interviewed in this exploratory study to determine the SA information requirements by a Goal-Directed Task Analysis (GDTA). Three Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) possessing Captain's license for merchant ships were used for validation of initial findings. The findings reveal the information navigators use during the pilotage phase of navigation and further classify them in three levels. The findings shed light on the factors that affect SA of navigators and are discussed with their potential implications for the procedures and practices which better support SA in maritime navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans la perspective d’une recherche de la qualité vers laquelle tout organisme de formation doit tendre, cet article interroge la cohérence et la pertinence de l’offre de formation continue, au niveau « méso », destinée aux enseignants des écoles fondamentales libres confessionnelles de la province de Hainaut (N = 454). Cette recherche entend ainsi, notamment à partir d’une analyse des besoins de formation, apporter des recommandations pour tendre vers une meilleure qualité de cette offre. Tout d’abord, l’analyse de la cohérence met en évidence des éléments du système où celle-ci peut être améliorée, notamment dans la répartition thématique et chronologique des modules de formation proposés. Ensuite, la démarche d’analyse des besoins, basée sur les résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire, met en évidence une pertinence relative des priorités en matière de formation continue par rapport aux besoins des enseignants.

Abstract Concerns have been raised around pilotage in Korea due to a rise in marine accidents in the 2010s. Since the late 2000s, a debate has been sparked on the most suitable age of retirement for Korean pilots. The debate has focused on the extension of retirement age of pilots from 65 to 68 and whether this will affect the probability of marine accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to calculate the probability of marine accidents in relation to different age groups of pilots. After collecting the data of marine accidents caused by pilot's negligence, the study suggests two measurements of probability of marine accidents during pilotage: on the basis of the number of pilotage services and the hours of pilotage services. The analysis finds that age is not the exclusive cause of pilotage marine accidents by the age group over 65. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assess the performance of a patrimonial entity, its financial position and its change, the degree of risk in an economic and financial environment - socially dynamic, requires information far beyond the scope of financial-accounting information. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the financial data provided by the financial statements with the information on the technical and human potential (equipment quality, modernization, qualification of employees, level of labor productivity, etc.), commercial potential (quality of products / services and distribution network, price level, etc.), the intensity of competition, the position of the entity on the market, the image of the entity and its products / services, etc. All this information can be synthesized on responsibility boards (technical and production, human resources, trade-supply / sales / marketing, etc.) in a dashboard, which is a synoptic, legible and interpretable instrument, carried out with a certain frequency, which highlights the significant deviations between the results achieved and the fixed objectives, in order to ensure the necessary corrections for the good performance of the activity. This communication aims to highlight the results of the research on the importance of the dashboard as a control and pilotage tool for Romanian patrimonial entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the primary activities in emissive infrared imager design is the trade on whether to use midwave infrared (MWIR) or longwave infrared (LWIR) in the application. Applications include target acquisition (both target search and target identification), threat warning, aircraft detection, and pilotage. There has been a great deal of work in the characterization of MWIR versus LWIR target signatures. There has been much less work in the characterization of scene (sometimes called background) contrast. The scene contrast of the background can be just as important in the performance of the sensor in an application. A few examples are: (1) a high scene contrast with high clutter contrast can make target search much more difficult, (2) a high scene contrast with image-based navigation can enhance the performance of location estimation, and (3) high scene contrast with mobility sensors can enhance the flying performance of a rotorcraft pilotage system. We discuss the differences observed in scene contrast between MWIR and LWIR bands. This provides a scene contrast characterization for emissive infrared applications. Radiometrically calibrated imagery is acquired with MWIR and LWIR cameras in various environments, and the measured MWIR and LWIR scene contrast is compared. The radiometric comparison is performed in terms of the standard deviation of the scene equivalent blackbody temperature. Comparisons are provided under different conditions, such as rural versus urban and day versus night. This comparison enables the infrared system designer with the means to perform detailed engineering trades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how lighthouses and pilot services have been bearers of technology intended to improve the safety and reliability of maritime shipping. The introduction of technology has had a considerable impact on many small island societies through state involvement meant to reduce hazards in navigation and shipping. The impact has, however, been manifold and varied, and including positive and less positive impacts. Indeed, small islands and islanders have generally never been the beneficiaries of large scale, state-driven technology programs seeking to modernize society. As an exception, however, certain small islands have traditionally been of interest to the state due to their locations, either for defence purposes or to assist seafarers’ navigation in hazardous waters. This paper reviews the thrust and effects of investment in lighthouses and pilotage services on small islands. It concludes with a brief case story from a small populated island in Sweden that has undergone several periods of development and stagnation as a result of technology and state involvement.