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This study draws on 214 in-depth interviews with frontline Israeli workers providing services in the public sector to investigate whether organizational embeddedness helps individuals living in poverty accumulate resources from public organizations in times of reduced government support. Findings show that public sector workers provide clients with informal, personal resources that allow better coping with poverty. Beyond local, short-term assistance, these personal resources are provided in the hopes of strengthening trust among low-income populations, thereby achieving long-term improved well-being and social inclusion. Findings expose new dimensions in the relations between organizations and their low-income clients, as well as the importance of organizational embeddedness in coping with poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the evolution of poverty and well-being indicators in Spain between 2008 and 2023 using the EPDS method. The limitations and difficulties encountered in the application of the method in Spain are mentioned, as well as the need to update it. Poverty thresholds and lack of well-being are established for different autonomous communities, finding significant differences among them. There is a downward trend in the risk of income poverty until 2020, with a slight increase due to the COVID-19 crisis. Poverty and well-being rates in different autonomous communities are also mentioned, highlighting the concentration of poverty in Andalusia, Catalonia, the Valencian Community, and the Community of Madrid. Additionally, poverty and hidden precarity in Spain are analyzed, focusing on the young population. There is an increase in the proportion of non-independent individuals with incomes below the poverty threshold, especially in the 18 to 34 age group. [Extracted from the article]

Mexico faces deep inequalities: the richest 10% concentrate 57.4% of the country's income and 78.7% of its wealth, while the poorest 50% have access to barely 9.2% of the income and lack significant wealth. Social inequality and poverty are closely linked. While inequality is not the only cause of poverty, it plays a significant role in perpetuating it. Addressing social inequality is essential to effectively combat poverty and build more equitable and fair societies. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator, strongly influenced by structural factors such as poverty, which reflects avoidable, unnecessary and premature deaths, which can be prevented through individual and collective actions. The relationship between poverty and child health is well recognized, as poverty is associated with the worst outcomes in child health, particularly in infant mortality. In 2020, the distribution of infant mortality among the Mexican states was remarkably heterogeneous, with rates ranging from 6.1 to 20.5 deaths per 1,000 births. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IMR and the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (r = 0.550), educational gap (r = 0.530), lack of access to health services (r = 0.547); and people with 3 or more social deficiencies (r = 0.520) was high and statistically significant; but the IMR is also moderately associated with poverty (r = 0.494) and lack of social security (r = 0.494). The nine entities with high or very high rates of infant mortality and extreme poverty were Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Yucatán. Although Mexico has managed to reduce its infant mortality rate, it is still much higher than the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To further reducing this rate, it is necessary to address poverty reduction, expand access to essential health services, improve prenatal and postnatal care, and strengthen preventive services, such as vaccination. A special program involving all health institutions and with adequate resources is required. It is crucial to prioritize actions in the nine most affected Mexican states. It is unacceptable that, in 2020, infant mortality in Oaxaca was more than three times higher than Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMO Utilizando dados anuais sobre a distribuição de renda entre as famílias, no Brasil, o artigo mostra que no período 1980-83 a desigualdade dessa distribuição é estável, mas que a pobreza absoluta aumentou, como consequência da crise econômica. A análise é feita para o Brasil e para quatro regiões: Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste. Mostra-se que a queda da renda familiar média foi maior nas regiões mais industrializadas.

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RESUMO O artigo analisa o mercado de trabalho no município de São Paulo na última década, destacando como as tendências de força de trabalho, desocupação, padrão ocupacional e rendimento se refletem sobre a desigualdade de renda e a pobreza. Após um panorama histórico sobre o trabalho na cidade de São Paulo, o texto discute o período recente, com base nos dados da Pnad Contínua de 2012 a 2023, abordando as principais convergências e divergências em termos de polarização ocupacional distribuição de renda e pobreza nos cenários paulistano e nacional, apresentando também algumas dinâmicas relativas à interseccionalidade de raça e gênero. Por fim, destaca desafios para a gestão municipal, que requerem ações locais e uma agenda nacional de desenvolvimento.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la evolución de la asistencia social en España desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta nuestros días. Habitualmente se ha abordado el estudio del desarrollo de las políticas sociales a partir de las peculiaridades intrínsecas de los llamados «Estados de bienestar del sur de Europa», haciendo hincapié en los procesos de modernización incompleta o truncada, o en el peso de variables como el modelo de familia tradicional o el papel de la iglesia católica en la acción social benéfica. Este artículo quiere explorar otra vía: cómo esas particularidades responden en su funcionamiento a la regulación del conflicto capital/trabajo dentro de un sistema histórico de la economía-mundo, y cómo las variantes nacionales de la política social se explican mejor a partir de los ciclos de expansión y contracción del capital global. Para el caso de España, la construcción de la asistencia social bajo el franquismo, el proceso de convergencia con Europa y el peso específico de los sectores de la construcción y el turismo como motores principales del proceso de valorización del capital, han respondido a los requerimientos estructurales de una semiperiferia capitalista. La adopción de este enfoque analítico permitirá entender el proceso de desarticulación creciente de los sistemas de protección social como respuesta a las cíclicas crisis de valorización y la aparición de un «giro punitivo» en el tratamiento de la pobreza y la desigualdad (y de la protesta social en un sentido amplio). Dicho proceso se enmarca en un contexto de agotamiento del modo de producción industrial que ha provocado la crisis del paradigma de la exclusión, orientador de las políticas sociales europeas desde los años noventa, y que está planteando serias dudas en torno a la posibilidad de renovar el pacto social sin salir de la lógica de acumulación capitalista.

Este estudio se centra en un análisis de los programas sociales en México y su incidencia en los factores determinantes de la pobreza, por lo que esta investigación se vinculó con las políticas públicas, destacando referentes teóricos y empíricos desarrollados en la última década. La metodología es de tipo descriptiva exploratoria, se analizaron 123 programas sociales instrumentados bajo las dimensiones de los factores determinantes de la pobreza que se pretende contrarrestar con las políticas públicas, se categorizan desde tres paradigmas distintos; el del Banco Mundial que hace alusión a un umbral de bienestar que se relaciona con lo regional, local e individual; el de la CEPAL en el que se relaciona la pobreza, la desigualdad, los accesos a educación, salud, vivienda, vida digna entre otros, es decir un enfoque multidimensional; y el enfoque de capacidades establecido por Amartya Sen. Los resultados develan que las intervenciones actuales no consideran el enfoque de capacidades, ya que parten de factores exógenos al individuo, sin importar la autonomía voluntaria asociada al desarrollo endógeno. Se concluye que los programas sociales en México, no resuelven los problemas subyacentes de la pobreza, por lo que no se logran resultados significativos que repercutan en el crecimiento y desarrollo sostenible.

A compreensão das tramas entre teologia da prosperidade, neoliberalismo, espaço geográfico e manutenção da pobreza, objetivo deste artigo, coloca-se como fundamental neste momento político o qual o Brasil atravessa, especialmente em um contexto global de forte presença de movimentos políticos de extrema direita. Para isso, a reflexão proposta neste artigo é guiada pela teoria que se refere ao espaço das cidades, cujo entendimento se dá por meio das conexões existentes entre tecnoesfera e psicoesfera, conceitos redutíveis, que incorporam as dimensões materiais e sociais da vida de relações. As definições mobilizadas para tal empreitada são usadas consoante uma economia política da urbanização em uma cidade específica, ou seja, alia-se a economia política da urbanização à economia política da cidade. A empiria é relativa à expansão das igrejas pentecostais, principalmente as de terceira onda, marcadas pela adoção da teologia da prosperidade, e suas ações na administração de políticas públicas, que conferem a elas um papel relevante na concepção e na gestão da pobreza sob condições neoliberais.

Este artigo discute as possibilidades e desafios em fazer etnografia em locais perigosos, empobrecidos e dominados pela violência. Estuda situações de disputas e reconfigurações das favelas que passaram seu controle do crime organizado para as milícias. Trata-se da combinação de uma revisão de literatura de estudos etnográficos e do estudo de caso em uma escola na favela Rio das Pedras, no Rio de Janeiro, território dominado pela Milícia. O artigo foca na realização de etnografias em locais perigosos. Um dos objetivos da pesquisa de base foi investigar, analisar descrever relação entre pobreza, educação e a mobilidade migratória do Nordeste para o Sudeste do Brasil. Como resultado conclui-se que, fazer etnografia em locais perigosos envolve complexidades que pode forçar enfrentar múltiplos constrangimentos, restrições e até abandono do campo de pesquisa. Consequentemente, isso leva ao empobrecimento e comprometimento dos dados coletados.

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Families in Action It is a state program implemented for more than 20 years in Colombia, based on the interest in contributing to overcoming poverty; This research aims to understand how the execution of this program is perceived by the inhabitants of Commune 1 of Medellin in relation to the objective. For this, a qualitative methodology was used that included focus groups with women beneficiaries of the program, interviews with social leaders and state representatives whose results indicate that, although it is recognized as an economic relief and contributions are identified in the reduction of child malnutrition and increased school permanence; It is not considered sufficient to reduce poverty, in which a multiplicity of factors are related, such as access to post-secondary education, job opportunities, violence; among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the issue of equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine in Peru, with a focus on prioritizing the population living in extreme poverty. The author argues that vaccinating this vulnerable group would help reduce the risk of infection and mitigate the impact of the pandemic. The article addresses objections to this argument and asserts that prioritizing access to the vaccine for those in extreme poverty aligns with principles of justice and equity. It also discusses the factors contributing to extreme poverty in Peru, such as historical inflation, limited job opportunities, gender inequality, and large household sizes. The author emphasizes the ethical and practical reasons for prioritizing vaccination for this population, including the potential to improve their economic situation and reduce healthcare costs. [Extracted from the article]

El presente estudio identifica el lento forjamiento de un procedimiento de subjetivación cristiano que, creado a propósito del uso de las riquezas entre finales del siglo II y mediados del siglo III de nuestra era, empieza a imaginar que la circulación de riquezas entre los hombres y mujeres en la tierra permite atesorar riquezas en el cielo. Se trata de un procedimiento penitencial de transformación de sí que permitirá a los y las cristianas remitir el mal hecho y manifestar su verdad mediante un peculiar uso de las riquezas. El estudio de este procedimiento de subjetivación puede abrir un nuevo capítulo para explorar la formación de un tipo de experiencia con base a “cierto modo de relación de uno consigo mismo y cierta relación entre el mal y la verdad”, que Michel Foucault estudia en Las confesiones de la carne. Dicha experiencia no será, sin embargo, una experiencia de la carne. Si seguimos a Clemente de Alejandría, esta experiencia sería la de la constitución de una vida sencilla por quien se dirige a ser espiritualmente pobre, mientras que si escuchamos a Cipriano de Cartago la llamaríamos simplemente la de la constitución de un sujeto misericorde. Al terminar el estudio propondré que esta experiencia de la pobreza espiritual o de la misericordia descansa en una profesión de fe no verbalizada que revela una copertenencia entre el acto de fe y el acto de verdad a partir de la reflexividad del sujeto sobre sí mismo. En otras palabras, sostendré que el uso penitencial de las riquezas, aunque no se verbalizara, se dirigía a realizar un acto reflexivo de verdad.

El propósito de este ensayo es analizar el sistema turístico y las implicaciones en los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se estudia la pobreza, alimentación, salud y educación en la población de México. La metodología es cualitativa. Como conclusiones se propone diversificar las actividades turísticas con eventos culturales y competencias deportivas en las comunidades rurales para impulsar la creación de empleos a través del desarrollo del turismo de naturaleza, el idiomático y gastronómico con la exposición de las comidas tradicionales y promover experiencias en talleres artesanales de los pueblos mágicos para generar ingresos en las regiones marginadas del país.

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo la pobreza incide en la realidad escolar y es abordada por el sistema educativo municipal a través de diversas acciones, entendiendo que las formas de exclusión y marginalización conllevan experiencias de sufrimiento para los sujetos afectados por las (in)justicias sociales. Se focaliza en las acciones municipales en Londrina Paraná-Brasil en el periodo comprendido entre 1969 y 1992 dirigidas a estudiantes en situación de pobreza. El material empírico está compuesto por diferentes tipos de documentos históricos producidos por la Secretaría Municipal de Educación y Cultura (SMEC) y se analizan desde el enfoque sociohistórico de la educación que permite interpretar de manera relacional las estructuras sociales y emocionales para comprender a los sujetos y sus prácticas en el marco de figuraciones escolares concretas. Los resultados ponen en evidencia que las acciones municipales de carácter asistencial generan procesos de diferenciación social que simbolizan un dolor socioemocional sufrida por las y los estudiantes en situaciones de desigualdad e injusticia al ser considerados como desfavorecidos en la sociedad.

Este estudio evalúa el impacto de las remesas sobre la pobreza en una dimensión territorial, a nivel de municipios. Para el logro de este objetivo, se estima un modelo econométrico de corte transversal, con datos a 2018. El modelo se calcula primero por el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y luego con variables intermedias, para abordar el tema de posible endogeneidad entre pobreza y remesas. Los resultados de ambos modelos indican que las remesas tienen un impacto positivo en reducir la tasa de pobreza de los municipios. También revelan que tienen el mismo efecto, aunque en menor proporción, las variables educación, empleo formal e inversión pública.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo general, analizar la situación de la pobreza en una realidad de cifras a nivel internacional y de América Latina. El paradigma que sustentó la investigación fue positivista, el enfoque abordado cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo; la muestra estuvo constituida por estadísticas que reflejan preocupantes realidades en contextos geográficos diversos, permitiendo su descripción y análisis. Para ello, se desarrolló un rastreo de diversa información, tanto teórica como informativa; estadística que abarco los años 2000 al 2023; lo que ha permitido, reconstruir e interpretar el término pobreza en diversos constructos y dimensionarla; para ello, se ha discriminado diversos indicadores económicos, como el caso del índice de Gini. Dentro de las principales reflexiones finales que tuvo el presente estudio fue que la “calidad de vida” es inversamente proporcional a la pobreza, ambas están relacionadas; si bien las tasas de pobreza han tenido un descenso, lo que se evidencia es que la pobreza extrema tiende a mantenerse de manera permanente; siendo que, en el caso de América Latina, lo acontecido en los años 2020 y 2021 incrementaron bruscamente las tasas de pobreza.

En este trabajo expongo la importancia del abordaje de la diabetes tipo II desde perspectivas complejas, que superen las miradas biologicistas de las asignaturas dedicadas a la enseñanza de la salud en los Institutos de Formación Docente de Biologia. Esbozo la relación entre la pobreza y la diabetes tipo II sin profundizar en los mecanismos metabólicos involucrados. Caracterizo el MMH (Modelo Médico Hegemónico), el paradigma empírico/funcional, la salud pública funcionalista y los modos de abordaje por parte del Estado de la diabetes tipo II en poblaciones vulnerables.

This paper addresses the life and social experience of low-income people in Brazil, based on a theory of social bonds. The material consists of a set of twenty qualitative interviews with people earning up to one minimum-wage per month. The interviews last, on average, two hours and were undertaken by the National Institute for Applied Economic Research [IPEA] (2016), in a nation-wide qualitative survey about social inequality and life conditions. The material was content analyzed considering four categories of social bond: the lineal bond, the elective participation bond, the organic participation and the citizenship bond. The results show that organic participation, along with lineal bond, play a key, albeit ambivalent role. On the other hand, citizenship bond is mostly characterized by experiences of misrecognition and lack of protection. Elective participation bonds are barely resourceful, yet they play an important role in individual attempts to fight poverty. The consequences for the relationship between social inequality and social regulation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the intersection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and businesses at the base of the pyramid (BOP) in Brazilian Multinational Companies (MNCs) in a Meso-level analysis. After analyzing fifty Brazilian MNCs, we identified six MNCs that were engaged in business activities in BOP-markets (Banco Bradesco S.A., Banco do Brasil S.A., Artecola Quimica, Vale S.A., Natura &Co Holding S.A., and Klabin S.A.). Data were collected by desk research by analyzing companies’ public documents and reports. Subsequently, we conducted qualitative content analysis to synthesize the main findings. Through analysis of the MNCs’ business activities in BOP markets, and comparing them with CSR theory, it was found that it is hard to find the exact point where these companies’ activities stop being specific organizational actions and policies aimed to match the expectations of stakeholders (CSR) to become businesses in the BOP markets, which is the possibility of reducing poverty through profitable activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents results of a research carried out whose objective was to analyze the intervention of the IMAS in the socio-material and ideologicalcultural conditions of the "poor working women", who participated in the Bridge to Development Strategy during 2015-2018. The study used a qualitative approach based on a Marxist theoretical-methodological base and the contributions of the theory of social reproduction. The results showed that the institution seeks to modulate behaviors, so that women self-manage their needs by increasing their productive capacity and human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines financial inclusion in 217 municipalities in the state of Puebla, Mexico, using statistical analysis and the Moran Index to assess geographic and socioeconomic factors. It was found that 124 municipalities had at least one financial institution, and a cluster of five municipalities showed a high density of these services. In contrast, 93 municipalities lacked financial institutions, and eight of them were in areas with high financial exclusion. The results reveal that municipalities with a higher economically active population and a lower educational lag have better financial inclusion. No significant differences were observed in the poverty levels between municipalities with and without financial inclusion. These findings underscore the need for specific public policies and emphasize the importance of considering the geographic dimension in planning financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was based on an analysis of the agricultural, socioeconomic and food production situation in Colta canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, focusing on the Puruhá indigenous community. Despite its high agricultural and livestock productivity, the region faces a worrying rate of poverty and malnutrition. The agricultural system, characterized by smallholdings and subsistence agriculture, reflects limited access to technology and technical assistance. Questionnaires identified four distinct production systems, each with its own socioeconomic dynamics. Food consumption patterns reveal a preference for low-nutrient foods, influenced by the mother's level of education. Despite contributing significantly to regional production, the paradox persists: high malnutrition rates in an apparently prosperous area. The need for comprehensive strategies that address both production and equitable access to nutritious food, along with local economic development and improvement of basic social services, to effectively combat poverty and malnutrition in rural areas is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objeto de este artículo es comprender el perfil de clase, raza y género de las personas que se verían más afectadas si el Estado brasileño dejara de prestar servicios de salud y educación. Se analizan las desigualdades de clase, raza y género en el Brasil y se examina el papel del Estado en ese sentido. Asimismo, se presenta un análisis del gasto público en educación y salud a través de una discusión de los perfiles de clase, raza y género de los usuarios y una simulación de la eliminación de dicho gasto público. Los resultados indican que la eliminación de los servicios públicos sumiría a las personas más pobres, a la población negra2 y a las mujeres (categorías que a menudo se superponen) en graves dificultades financieras y perjudicaría su bienestar, lo que podría profundizar la pobreza o llevar a la extrema pobreza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los programas de protección social se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable y efectiva para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población en situación de pobreza y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se examinan los cinco principales programas de transferencias monetarias de Colombia, y se estudian su historia, su focalización, su cobertura, su operatividad y los compromisos fiscales derivados de su implementación. Asimismo, se hace una revisión de las evaluaciones de impacto de estos programas y sus resultados en múltiples indicadores sociales. Este trabajo es un primer intento de consolidación de la información existente sobre el tema en Colombia, que permite entender de manera comprehensiva el alcance y los retos de estos programas, así como identificar posibles áreas de investigación y mejora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the different approaches and policies that are most used in the literature to measure the level of poverty with tools of fuzzy logic. These policies are based on the integrated measurement method (IM), which combines poverty line methods and unmet basic needs. Moreover, we present the most recent studies on the measurement of the level of poverty in different sectors and populations, as well as the more relevant conclusions of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent years, inequality and the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few have grown alarmingly in the world. The concentration of corporate power leads to oligopolies in almost all sectors and monopolistic power, economic and political, which seriously damage the well-being of the majority and the very foundations of democracy. The 2030 Agenda set the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that seek to alleviate inequalities in the world. An analysis of its various tracking indices does not invite optimism. The pandemic, wars and other concomitant factors have led to an even greater worsening at the beginning of the decade. Decisive action by governments is needed to control oligopolistic power and redistribute income and wealth. Only strong states will have the capacity to do so effectively. Tax justice must be an effective instrument for correcting inequalities and limiting excesses in the concentration of power and wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo analiza la pobreza, la exclusión social y la desigualdad en Gipuzkoa, partiendo de los resultados de la 4.a Encuesta de Pobreza y Exclusión Social de Gipuzkoa. La mayor parte de los indicadores relacionados con la pobreza, la exclusión social y la desigualdad han mejorado en los últimos cuatro años, en línea con lo ocurrido en nuestro entorno y con la mejora de los indicadores económicos y laborales. Sin embargo, se han producido retrocesos en indicadores como la tasa de pobreza severa y la efectividad de las transferencias sociales. Las situaciones de pobreza y exclusión siguen afectando de forma desproporcionada a determinados grupos sociodemográficos, especialmente a las personas de nacionalidad extranjera y a la población infantil y juvenil. En términos comparativos, Gipuzkoa mantiene una situación muy positiva en el contexto autonómico, estatal y europeo en lo que se refiere a la mayor parte de los indicadores de pobreza y exclusión, aunque no para todos los grupos poblacionales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes public policies to reduce poverty in the autonomous communities of Spain. It examines the impact of the labor market, education, and social benefits on monetary and non-monetary poverty indicators. The results show that unemployment, temporary employment, coverage of minimum income benefits, and the ratio of pensioners per inhabitant are explanatory factors for regional poverty. It is suggested to strengthen social services and promote effective exit strategies to reduce poverty. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to identify the factors that influence the perception of poverty in Bogota and Cundinamarca. For this we used data from the Multipurpose Survey in Colombia (2017) and estimated a binary response model using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator). The empirical testing showed that high levels of schooling, sufficient income to cover minimum expenses, receiving rents, being a housewife, belonging to the special health regime or not receiving state aid or remittances, decreased the probability of feeling poor. Meanwhile, people were more likely to consider themselves poor if they presented at least one of the following conditions: they were unemployed, were disabled, belonged to the subsidized regime, had low levels of schooling, received help from another person or some institution, or their minimum expenses were not covered by their income. Therefore, to reduce the perception of poverty, public policies in Colombia should aim to create mechanisms that promote higher education and job stability, instead of increasing subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze how the neoliberal policy implemented by the Brazilian state, coupled with structural unemployment, leads to the exclusion of a section of society, leading these individuals, especially adolescents in situations of social vulnerability, to become involved in drug trafficking. This is a bibliographical and documentary study using a qualitative approach, with theoretical support from articles, books and documents related to the topic. The results of the research show that neoliberal policy, by redefining the actions of the state, affects, above all, the social protection that should be guaranteed to individuals. In this way, the reality of adolescent girls in a class society arising from unemployment, social inequality and precarious working relationships, limits or even cancels out access to formal work, resulting in impoverishment and entry into informality. Under these conditions, entering the drug trade in everyday life becomes an alternative, based on the need to access goods in capitalist society. Therefore, in order to confront this reality, it is essential to implement universal public policies that promote the full protection of adolescents in situations of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presente investigación de enfoque cuantitativo y carácter exploratorio se realiza mediante el estudio de la relación de las variables: presupuesto ejercido y personas en situación de pobreza en la primera infancia, para brindar un panorama de la ejecución del gasto público. La información se desarrolló con una metodología de fórmulas estadísticas propias, buscando encontrar una forma de medir la eficiencia de las acciones enfocadas y el impacto que tienen estas variables en la población estudiada. Este análisis se divide en el detallado de cada uno de los programas encontrados, contemplando el presupuesto y la medición de pobreza en el periodo de 2018 a 2024; y la relación entre estas variables, mostrando la eficiencia del gasto y la disminución de la población en situación de pobreza de la primera infancia relacionada con la aplicación de presupuesto, mostrando la importancia de seguir y aumentar la asignación de presupuesto hacia los infantes.

Buscando compreender como as questões socioeconômicas atravessam a primeira infância na Amazônia Legal, mais especificamente na região de influência imediata de Araguaína/TO (RIIA), este trabalho levantou dados do Cadastro Único referente a famílias, indivíduos totais e crianças na primeira infância cadastradas no programa, comparando-os com a população total. Foi feita uma análise descritiva-analítica relacionando como o ambiente em que a criança cresce influencia o desenvolvimento humano com a quantidade de pessoas vulnerabilizadas nesta região. O trabalho conclui que mais de setenta por cento das crianças na primeira infância moradoras da RIIA se encontram em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, afetando seu desenvolvimento devido à limitação do acesso a experiências vividas tanto por elas quanto pela rede social em que estão inseridas. Abstract: Seeking to understand how socioeconomic issues permeate early childhood in the Legal Amazon, more specifically in the region of immediate influence of Araguaína/TO (RIIA), this work collected data from the Single Registry regarding families, total individuals and early childhood children registered in the program , compared to the total population. A descriptive-analytical analysis was carried out relating how the environment in which children grow up influences human development with the number of vulnerable people in this region. The work concludes that more than seventy percent of early childhood children living in RIIA are in socioeconomic vulnerability, affecting their development due to limited access to experiences lived both by them and by the social network in which they are inserted.