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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A adoção de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) se mostra um desafio para agricultores familiares amazônicos. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar aspectos socioeconômicos e compreender as perspectivas sobre os principais desafios e incentivos apontados pelos agricultores envolvidos no Projeto de Restauração Florestal (Prosaf) no município de Belterra, Pará. Foi realizada uma análise utilizando a matriz FOFA (Forças, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças), com 17 agricultores familiares. As propriedades variam entre 7 e 189 hectares, sendo a agricultura a principal fonte de renda (71%). Identificaram-se 190 respostas sobre os SAFs: Forças, destacando fonte de renda (18,2%); Oportunidades, com ênfase em "Infraestrutura e recursos" (21,4%); Fraquezas, com destaque para "Tratos culturais" e "Assistência técnica" (ambos com 18,1%); e Ameaça, com "Predação silvestre" (18,8%). Conclui-se que os SAFs em Belterra geram renda, promovem resiliência e segurança alimentar, mas enfrentam desafios, como falta de assistência técnica e escassez hídrica, indicando a necessidade de apoio e fomento para a prática.

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because spiders have a great variety of strategies to capture their prey they have been grouped into ecological guilds. The objective of this study was to determine the composition and structure of spider communities in coffee plantations with different management systems (monoculture and polyculture shade), through their classification into ecological guilds and their graphic categorization. Polyculture was the site with the highest species richness. In general, the abundance of spiders was significantly lower in the polyculture. The guild of diurnal space web-weavers spiders was the most abundant in both coffee sites. Abundance of the guilds of nocturnal aerial runners and nocturnal aerial ambushers were significantly lower in the polyculture, while the guild of diurnal ambushers was significantly lower in the monoculture. Abundance dif ferences were observed between guild hierarchies across sites and seasons. This first analysis of guilds allows us to understand the competition for resources and the ecological niche requirements of spiders in coffee plantations in Oaxaca, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of family farming has been gaining strength, driven by debates based on sustainable rural development, the generation of work and income, contributing to food security. Organic fish farming is an activity that can be developed by these farmers to promote sustainability. From this perspective, the objective of this work is to analyze the economic/financial, environmental and social viability of fish production in an organic system in excavated ponds based on a case study. The methodology adopted to achieve the objectives has an exploratory and descriptive character, combining bibliographical research on studies analyzing organic production in general and fish farming with case studies. Over a period of sixteen months, the production of organic fish in a polyculture system was monitored, using natural foods from the property. In the analyses, economic viability analysis techniques were used: Net Present Value (NPV); Discounted Payback (PB); Internal Rate of Return (IRR); and Profitability Index (IL). The amount invested in the nurseries was R$3,220.60. The estimated value for selling the fish was R$2,477.50. In the economic/financial viability analysis, the results indicate a return from the second production cycle. In the social dimension, occupied family labor stands out and whose greatest demand is during the implementation period, while this need is low in maintenance. In the environmental analysis, the results indicated the preservation of natural resources, with the reuse of food waste produced on the property and care with water and the generation of effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El monocultivo de banano ha ocasionado una grave erosión genética de especies endémicas en zonas donde se ha extendido su cultivo. Con el propósito de demostrar que se puede producir banano junto con otras especies vegetales, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos en el comportamiento agronómico de plantas de banano bajo policultivo. El diseño usado fue de bloques al azar con tres tratamientos, T1 (Banano, maíz, piña y maní forrajero), T2 (Banano, nabo, piña y kudzu) y T3 (Banano, yuca, piña y ají). Los resultados obtenidos señalan que el T2 presenta mejor comportamiento agronómico en las variables estudiadas: altura de planta, diámetro de fuste, emisión foliar, área foliar, hojas emitidas, raíces sanas, raíces enfermas y conductividad eléctrica del suelo. El T1 alcanzó la media más alta en la variable de pH en (Kcl). La implementación de banano bajo policultivo permitió incrementar la fertilidad del suelo, mejorar la rentabilidad y diversificar las cosechas en una misma área, a diferencia de un monocultivo que perjudica la biodiversidad y demanda grandes cantidades de agroquímicos para obtener desarrollo óptimo de la planta, pero cosechas contaminadas, afectando al medioambiente y al consumidor.

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As pesquisas associadas ao tema de manejo da biodiversidade em sistemas de produção englobam diversos aspectos, dentre eles a escolha dos melhores arranjos populacionais das plantas cultivadas. A utilização de hortaliças não convencionais, como a taioba Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, na diversificação dos sistemas produtivos é uma ótima alternativa do ponto de vista de segurança alimentar do produtor e também para a geração de renda. Contudo, na literatura ainda são escassas as informações sobre seu manejo e produção. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes densidades de plantio de taioba cultivada em consórcio, sob pomar de bananeiras, verificando seu desenvolvimento e produção. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Universidades Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), localizado no município de Alegre ES. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelos sistemas de plantio em linha simples e duplas. As subparcelas foram compostas pelos espaçamentos entre plantas de 30, 40 e 50 cm. Foram avaliadas a área foliar, número de folhas, matéria fresca e matéria seca de folhas, índices de clorofila, flavonoides e balanço de nitrogênio. Adicionalmente estimou-se a Renda Bruta, através da estimativa da capacidade de produção de folhas, transformada em capacidade de produção de maços de folhas comerciais, que seriam produzidos em 1,0 hectare de taioba, a partir dos arranjos adotados no consórcio com bananeiras. As maiores produções de matérias fresca e seca da taioba foram observadas quando se adotou o maior espaçamento entre plantas (50 cm), tanto em linha simples quanto em linhas duplas. Os arranjos estudados não influenciaram no número de folhas emitidas pelas plantas, por isso, o maior rendimento bruto foi obtido com a maior densidade de plantas, alcançada com o plantio no espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas, em linhas duplas. Sendo assim, os resultados demonstram que a diversificação da produção do pomar de bananeira, com plantio de taioba em entrelinhas alternadas, representou uma real alternativa de renda extra ao agricultor.

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas cafetaleros conducidos por los agricultores familiares del distrito de Vitoc, Región Junín. Se eligieron seis localidades del distrito y dentro de cada localidad, en forma proporcional, las propiedades de los agricultores familiares. Se evaluaron las dimensiones económicas (rentabilidad, ingreso neto mensual y riesgo económico), ambiental (conservación de la vida del suelo, riego de erosión y manejo de biodiversidad) y social (satisfacción de las necesidades básicas, integración social y conciencia ecológica) y el Índice de Sustentabilidad General. Asimismo, para considerar que el agroecosistema es sustentable, se consideró que el indicador debe ser mayor a 2 en todas las dimensiones y en el índice general. Los resultados muestran que los indicadores obtenidos para las dimensiones económica, ambiental, social y el índice general son favorables y orientan hacia una agricultura sustentable. Sin embargo, presenta problemas con la diversificación de los cultivos para la venta, protección del suelo y la cobertura sanitaria, las que pueden ser considerados como una debilidad del agroecosistema. Se concluye que, para las condiciones del estudio, los agroecosistemas cafetaleros conducidos por los agricultores familiares son sustentables.

Copyright of Bellas Artes is the property of Universidad de La Laguna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La acuicultura puede ser delimitada como una acción o rubro mercantil alternativo, en cuanto a la crianza de recursos hidrobiológicos, denominados de igual manera como peces, crustáceos, moluscos y vegetación acuática, en ambientes totalmente discordantes en relación a los naturales, en donde las variables físicas y químicas pueden ser relativamente controlables, con el objetivo de sustituir y perfeccionar las condiciones mediante las cuales estos organismos puedan satisfacer sus necesidades como si estuvieran en ambientes particularmente normales. La acuicultura a nivel mundial figura como una de las actividades con mayor utilización de los recursos hídricos en el cual se debe apostar por la implementación de sistemas que supongan un ahorro de agua. Este estudio fue realizado en las instalaciones del Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuícolas (LIMA) de la UNAN-León, con la intención de comparar dos diferentes sistemas de cultivo (Monocultivo y Policultivo), que permitieran evaluar la capacidad de filtración del pepino de mar (Isostichopus fuscus) sobre la materia orgánica producida en cultivos de tilapia gris (Oreochromis sp), obteniendo como resultados de la investigación 453.0 mg/L02 de materia orgánica, 0.32 mg/Lt de materia en suspensión, 6.29 mgNH3-N/L (Nitrógeno Amoniacal), 43.35 mg N02 -IL (Nitrito) y 18.4 mg N03/L (Nitrato) para el sistema de policultivo; por otro lado se obtuvieron datos de 512 mg/L02 de materia orgánica, 4.48 mg/Lt de materia en suspensión, 17.02 mgNH3-N/L, 26.90 mg N02 -IL, 33.87 mg NO3/L para el sistema de monocultivo, denotando así la efectividad del pepino de mar (Isostichopus fuscus) sobre el objeto de estudio.

Objective. To evaluate the growth and survival of Cryphiops caementarius in coculture with Oreochromis niloticus at different densities. Materials and methods. Male prawns (5.86 cm and 7.65 g) and reverse tilapia fingerlings (5.65 cm and 2.61 g) were used. Nine aquariums (55 L) were used. Six containers were installed in each aquarium, where one prawn was stocked per container (32 prawn/m2), and in the remaining water, tilapia was stocked at densities of 100, 200 and 300 fish/m3. Balanced feed was used. The daily ration for prawns was 6% and for tilapia, it was 5% of the total biomass. The experiment lasted 90 days. Results. In prawns, the length (6.46 cm), weight (9.37 g), percentage gains in length (10.01% at 10.45%) weight (19.24% a 25.41%), and survival (88.89% to 94.44%) were similar (p<0.05) between treatments. The effect of molting death syndrome is discussed. In tilapia, the length (9.25 cm), weight (12.90 g), absolute growth rate (0.040 cm/day; 0.114 g/day), specific growth rate (0.55% length/day; 1.759% weight/day) and percentage gain (64.21%; 389.48%) were greater (p<0.05) at 100 and 200 fish/m3. Tilapia survival was similar (86.11%) between treatments. Conclusions. Prawn growth and survival were affected by molt death syndrome but not by the presence of tilapia in the system. In contrast, greater growth of tilapia was obtained with 100 fish/m3, although survival was similar between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência da densidade do camarão de água doce sobre o desempenho do tambaqui em condições de laboratório. A coleta para a pesquisa foi realizada em uma piscicultura no município do Cantá (RR). No laboratório foram utilizados como unidades experimentais 18 caixas com volume de 40 litros que possuíam área de superfície equivalente a 0,75 m² de lâmina d’água, onde foram aclimatados os peixes e camarões e posteriormente, iniciado o experimento com duração prevista de 30 dias. Dos camarões amostrados foram identificadas as espécies Macrobrachium amazonicum e M. jelski; e um morfotipo Macrobrachium sp1. Nenhuma das variáveis dos índices de desempenho apresentou diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Embora os camarões tenham morrido até o 20o dia do experimento, o policultivo teve efeito positivo sobre o desempenho dos tambaquis.

Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Landfill leachate is a residual liquid with a great eco-toxicological potential that is generated as a product of the mixture of rainwater that is infiltrated in the buried solid waste, of assisted water by biochemical processes inside the landfill and of water content from the waste itself. Eco-technologies (constructed wetlands, algae ponds) have been used for landfill leachate treatment due to ecological and environmental advantages with quite promising results. In this sense, the present research carried out in 2015 in Presidente Landfill, San Pedro municipality, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, was oriented to evaluate at pilot scale the coupling technology Biorreactor High Rate Anaerobic Pond- BLAAT ® + constructed wetlands planted with polyculture of tropical species Colocasia, esculenta-Ce, Heliconia psittacorum-He y Gynerium sagittatum-Gs, for the treatment of landfill leachate under American tropical conditions. This work makes available a series of field data on the quality of raw leachate and effluent from each treatment technology, showing the performance of the coupling, which may contribute to the establishment of conditions and scenarios for the treatment of this in populations that have cultural and environmental conditions similar to the area of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los policultivos juegan un papel importante en la biodiversidad de un agroecosistema, estos promueven servicios ecológicos tales como reciclaje de nutrientes, control biológico de plagas, enfermedades y arvenses, incremento en la producción de biomasa, conservación de suelos y agua, mejoramiento de calidad físico-química del suelo, reducción de la toxicidad al evitar o disminuir el uso de pesticidas. El estudio se realizó en el municipio Tisma, Masaya en la finca “El Chagüite” en los meses de Septiembre a Noviembre del 2014, con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de dos sistemas de siembra, cultivo puro y policultivo, sobre la ocurrencia poblacional de artrópodos plagas y benéficos e incidencia poblacional del ataque del ácaro blanco en el cultivo de chiltoma. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se establecieron cuatro parcelas, una con el arreglo en policultivos (chiltoma, maíz, tomate, yuca y quequisque) y los restantes se establecieron con cultivo puro de chiltoma, maíz y tomate. Las variables evaluadas semanalmente fueron la ocurrencia poblacional de artrópodos plagas y benéficos, ocurrencia del ácaro blanco y el rendimiento obtenido en los cultivos de chiltoma, maíz y tomate para el análisis del uso equivalente de la tierra (UET). En general se observó una tendencia de menor ocurrencia de plagas, menor densidad poblacional de ácaro blanco, mayor densidad poblacional de artrópodos benéficos y un mejor aprovechamiento de la tierra por unidad de área en el sistema de siembra de policultivo.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água em um viveiro de criação semi-intensiva em policultivo das espécies tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), curimatã (Prochilodus lineatus) e surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) abastecido com água de poço. As análises foram aferidas dentro de um viveiro escavado apresentando tamanho de 3200 m2 de lâmina d’água e 1,5 metros de profundidade, com declividade de 5%. Durante os 60 dias de cultivo, a cada cinco dias, em dois pontos de coletas, pela manhã (08h00) e à tarde (17h00), aferindo-se os níveis de oxigênio dissolvido na água, temperatura, transparência, potencial hidrogeniônico e amônia total. Para verificar as diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os pontos de coleta sobre a qualidade de água, as médias foram submetidas à análise de variância (ANOVA) ao nível de 5%. Durante o experimento, as variáveis mantiveram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos como satisfatórios para o cultivo de peixes tropicais de água doce, não apresentando diferenças (p>0,05) entre os pontos de coletas.

O conhecimento das doenças, o controle do uso de drogas, da alimentação, da qualidade de água e da presença de agentes patogênicos em todas as etapas do processo de produção aquícola é fundamental para a obtenção de produtos de boa qualidade e proteção da saúde pública, assim como para espécies terrestres, a sanidade é um dos aspectos mais relevantes para a produção comercial de animais aquáticos. Os riscos do surgimento de enfermidades aumentam proporcionalmente à elevação das densidades de estocagem de animais, da quantidade de alimento oferecido, de excretas produzidas, dos manejos e transportes frequentes. A flutuação dos parâmetros de qualidade da água em sistemas aquícolas gera estresse, que afeta o sistema imunológico dos peixes deixando-os susceptíveis ao ataque de patógenos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability and agro-economic viability from two croppings of coriander (C) and two of arugula (A) intercropped with beet (B) as a function of roostertree additions to the soil in different population densities. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of four amounts of roostertree biomass (6, 19, 32 and 45 t ha-1 on dry basis) with four population densities of coriander, beet and arugula (20C-50B-20A%, 30C-50B-30A%, 40C-50B-40A% and 50C-50B-50A% of the recommended densities in their single crops). The maximum agronomic efficiency of the polyculture of coriander, beet and arugula was obtained with the density of 40C-50B-40A and the amount of 19 t ha-1 roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil. The highest profitability of the polyculture was obtained with the density of 20C-50B-20A (%) and the amount of 45 t ha-1 of this green manure. High agro-economic efficiency can be obtained by cultivating the polyculture of coriander, beet and arugula when well-manageding the factors of production, fertilization with roostertree and population densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botrytis cinerea (Teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) is the causal agent of gray rot in chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora), one of the most important cut flower crops in Mexico. Chena (Ch), a cultivar with greater commercial demand, is more susceptible to this fungus with respect to cultivars such as Flamingo (F) and Moreliana (M). In this investigation, the incidence of B. cinerea and the quality of the floral stem in the Chena cultivar were evaluated under three spatial arrangements consisting of A1, Chena flanked by Flamingo (F-Ch-F); A2, Chena flanked by Moreliana (M-Ch-M) and A3 only Chena (Ch- Ch-Ch). At the cut of the floral head, B. cinerea was present only in A3 (22%) and in cuttings life at 16 days, Chena in A3 showed 100% infection, followed by A1 and A2 with 15 and 0%, respectively. The quality of Chena's floral stem (height, diameter of the flowered head, stem thickness) in arrangements A1 and A2 was significantly higher (P=0.05) compared to A3. The low incidence of B. cinerea in Chena in A1 and A2 indicates that Flamingo and Moreliana as lateral barriers may be useful in reducing the disease incidence and the use of fungicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El campesino en Santiago del Estero ha sido conceptualizado en variados textos bajo diferentes miradas. Por ejemplo, lo definen como un actor social agrario con formas de actuar y producir no típicamente capitalistas y en función del tipo de explotación agropecuaria que ocupa (predominantemente sin límites definidos). Este actor social se caracteriza por cultivar en unidades productivas diversificadas denominadas cercos, con características heterogéneas en las diferentes regiones, propias de las diferentes realidades socioeconómicas y agroecológicas de la amplia geografía provincial. Estas características constituyen las principales estrategias de reproducción social. El cerco es un agroecosistema de policultivo, adoptado de forma ancestral y realizado de manera tradicional por las familias campesinas, rodeado de vegetación natural característica del Chaco semiárido y con bajos o nulos sistemas de aplicación de insumos externos. Es una práctica productiva habitual dentro del sistema de vida campesino que asocia varios cultivos (policultivo) y se realiza en terrenos de pequeña superficie, generalmente en condiciones de secano; cerrados perimetralmente, es lo que da origen a su nombre. Con el objetivo de generar información sobre la práctica productiva del cerco dentro del modo de vida campesino, se realizaron cuarenta y un encuestas semiestructuradas al azar a familias campesinas, en los departamentos Capital, Río Hondo y Guasayán de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Los cercos son policultivos tradicionales que ocupan a la mayoría de los integrantes de la familia. Estas combinaciones maximizan el uso de la tierra, aunque en algunas ocasiones no llegan a producir excedentes, aseguran el autoconsumo que es su objetivo principal. Se realizan en zonas bajas de las áreas de secano, incluyendo principalmente maíz y cucurbitáceas, se siembran utilizando especialmente semillas criollas adaptadas a su ambiente agroecológico durante el período de máximas precipitaciones.

Abstract Bivalve culture is of considerable economic and social interest in northeastern (NE) Brazil. The polyculture is an alternative approach to traditional monoculture for reducing the environmental impact of shrimp farming and improving oyster culture. Perkinsus marinus andPerkinsus olseni were found infecting oysters in NE Brazil and can threaten oyster production. This study evaluatedPerkinsus spp. occurrence in Crassostrea gasar during all production stages. Oyster spats were produced in a hatchery and grown in shrimp ponds in Rio Grande do Norte state.Perkinsus spp. were surveyed by Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined in oysters until they reached 7 cm. Results showed that the broodstock was already infected by Perkinsus (60%), but the derived spats were Perkinsus-free. Oyster spats acquired Perkinsus infection when transferred to ponds. The prevalence gradually increased in the seven months following placement in ponds (73%), and then decreased to 17% by the tenth month. The infections were initially mild, but intensity increased at the final growth stage. In conclusion, it is possible to produce Perkinsus-free C. gasar oyster spats from infected broodstock, and their culture in shrimp ponds is feasible.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sombreamento e de métodos de propagação na morfoanatomia foliar e no estabelecimento de cupuaçuzeiros. O experimento foi realizado a campo, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições de 10 plantas cada. Para análise de crescimento, utilizou-se do esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas (cinco épocas – parcela; três níveis de sombreamento – subparcela, e quatro métodos de propagação – subsubparcela). Para a avaliação da biometria das plantas, utilizou-se do esquema de parcela subdivida com os sombreamentos na parcela e os métodos de propagação nas subparcelas; e para as análises morfoanatômicas, considerou-se a casualização do sombreamento nos blocos. As análises de crescimento foram realizadas a cada 90 dias; e as morfoanatômicas, aos 15 meses após o plantio. A espessura do parênquima esponjoso foi maior nas folhas sombreadas por tela de 50%, as outras características morfoanatômicas não sofreram influência significativa dos níveis de sombreamento. As mudas com desenvolvimento inicial em viveiro atingiram maior taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto. As maiores taxas de crescimento relativo e absoluto foram obtidas em cultivo sob tela de 50% de sombreamento, seguido pelo consórcio (45% de sombreamento). Os piores desempenhos em todas as características avaliadas foram observados em plantas cultivadas a pleno sol.

Background: cichlids are of economical importance either as food (Nile tilapia) or as ornamental fish (Midas) and both exhibit territorialism and aggressive feeding behavior depending on availability of food and space. Objective: to evaluate the growth rates and behavioral changes of Nile tilapia and Midas kept in mono or polyculture. Methods: Midas and tilapia were maintained in a semi-closed rearing system. Initial weight was 0.83 and 0.81 g for Nile tilapia and Midas, respectively. Four treatments with different fish proportions were used. Midas and tilapia were distributed in 12 glass aquaria with three replicates (n = 30 fish per tank). Treatment ratios between Midas and tilapia were 1:0, 1:1, 2:1 and 0:1, respectively. Fish were fed a commercial diet (40% protein, 12% lipids) for six weeks at 5% weight ratio. Feed offer was adjusted weekly. Observations of behavioral traits were recorded throughout the trial to determine social and feeding conduct. Body composition of fish was assessed at the end of the experiment. Results: Midas modified their feeding behavior and their weight gain increased (3.9 ± 0.3 g) in the 2:1 group. The 0:1 group exhibited the lowest growth rate throughout the experiment (2.9 ± 0.3 g). Midas did not affect Tilapia growth (5.8 ± 0.4 g) across treatments. Interspecies aggressiveness was less evident when reared in monoculture (groups 1:0 y 0:1). Intra and interspecies attacks were higher in the 1:1 and 2:1 groups. Proximate body composition indicated higher lipid levels in Midas across treatments in comparison to tilapia. Conclusions: duoculture benefits growth of juvenile Midas when present at 25-30% of total stocking density with Nile tilapia.

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of integrated multi-trophic culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Amazon River prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in brackish water by evaluating its limnological characteristics and economic performance. The experiment was completely randomized with four treatments and four repetitions: control treatment with Nile tilapia only, stocked with 2 tilapias/m² (P2C0) and three integrated multi-trophic culture treatments stocked with 2 tilapias/m² and prawns at densities of 4, 8 and 16 prawns/m² (P2C04, P2C08 and P2C16, respectively). The limnological variables of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia, orthophosphate and chlorophyll "a" were evaluated and throughout the experiment remained within the limits recommended for culture. The experiment lasted 150 days with monthly animal sampling. No significant differences were observed for total fish biomass or for fish and prawn total survival rates. However, prawn individual weight decreased as stocking density increased. Gross revenue was not significantly different between treatments, as well as profitability. The profitability was 40.1% (P2C0), 36.7% (P2C04), 41.2% (P2C08) and 50.1% (P2C16). It is concluded that although feasible from the view point of husbandry, the integrated multi-tropic culture of M. amazonicum and O. niloticus did not influence significantly profitability compared to the monoculture system.

The carp polyculture production system is the most widely used system by small-scale fish farmers in southern Brazil (States of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). The aim of this study was to compare biotechnical and economic parameters between a farm system (FS) using farm inputs (chicken manure, maize and grass) and a commercial system (CS) using commercial inputs (triple super phosphate, ammonium nitrate and balanced food) feeding to apparent satiation. The experiment was carried out for 196 days in earthen ponds of 500 m², with three replicates per system. The stocking density was 2,000 fish ha-1, consisting of 35% grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 30% of mirror common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis), 20% of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and 15% silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). In both systems, a low level of total phosphorus in water (0.06 mg L-1) and in the sediment (4 mg L-1) was observed. Production was significantly increased in the CS (76 kg 500 m(-2)196 days-1) than in the FS (43 kg 500 m-2 196 days-1). Costs and revenues were higher in the CS and profits were similar in the two systems. Similar profits do not mean that CS is necessarily more convenient. Advantages and drawbacks for small-scale farmers considering labor, land and availability of money are discussed.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: identificar as espécies vegetais utilizadas com fins medicinais pela comunidade de Ipameri (Estado de Goiás); investigar as preferências com relação à produção e comercialização dessas plantas; e diagnosticar o perfil de gênero e as faixas etárias e salariais de seus usuários. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com 200 famílias da cidade e coletadas as plantas visando-se a sua correta identificação. O material foi herborizado, identificado e depositado no Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (HUEG). Das 200 famílias entrevistadas, 75 disseram não fazer uso de plantas com fins medicinais (37,5%), enquanto 125 afirmaram fazê-lo (62,5%). O grupo que utiliza relacionou 35 espécies mais empregadas: hortelã-rasteira (Mentha x villosa L.), boldo-sete-dores (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews.), capim-cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.), quebra-pedra (Phyllanthus niruri L.), camomila (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert.), poejo (Mentha pulegium L.), guaco (Mikania glomerata Spreng.), mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.), alfavacão (Ocimum gratissimum L.), losna (Artemisia canphorata Vill.), bálsamo (Eysenhardtia platycarpa Mich.), carqueja (Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC.), funcho (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), babosa (Aloe vera L.) e malva (Althaea officinalis L.). Todas as famílias consumidoras (100%) afirmaram preferir as plantas cultivadas de forma orgânica, selecionando-as através da boa aparência (68% das famílias) e consumindo-as in natura (sem beneficiamento, 100%). A utilização de plantas medicinais em Ipameri é independente do sexo (54%, mulheres e 46%, homens) e se estende às várias faixas etárias e também sócio-econômicas, configurando-se assim, um bom mercado consumidor.The aims of this study were: to identify the plant species used for medicinal purposes by the community at Ipameri (Goiás State); to investigate the preferences with respect to the production and marketing of these plants; and to diagnose the gender profile and the age and wage ranges of users. Thus, structured interviews were conducted with 200 families in the city and plants were collected for their correct identification. The material was herborized, identified and deposited in the Herbarium of "Universidade Estadual de Goiás" (HUEG). Of the 200 families interviewed, 75 said they did not make use of plants for medicinal purposes (37.5%), while 125 said they do use them (62.5%). The latter group reported the 35 most used species: "hortelã-rasteira" (Mentha x villosa L.), "boldo-sete-dores" (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.), "quebra-pedra" (Phyllanthus niruri L.), chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), guaco (Mikania glomerata Spreng.), mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.), clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), wormwood (Artemisia canphorata Vill.), balm (Eysenhardtia platycarpa Mich.), broom (Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), aloe (Aloe vera L.) and mallow (Althaea officinalis L.). All consumer families (100%) stated to prefer plants grown organically, to select the plants based on their good appearance (68% families) and to eat them in natura (unprocessed, 100%). The use of medicinal plants in Ipameri is independent of gender (54% womem and 46% men) and extends to several age and socioeconomic ranges, configuring thus a good consumer market.

Anomis impasta (Guenée) is a species that shows remarkable morphological and behavioral similarities with the cotton leafworm Alabama argillacea (Hübner). During two growing cotton seasons, A. impasta was observed feeding on leaves and flower bracts of cotton and monitored. Furthermore, a study was conducted under laboratory conditions to generate biological information about this species with larvae feeding cotton squares and leaves. Larvae fed on cotton squares exhibited delayed development (18.5 ± 0.18 days) and lower pupal weight (140.8 ± 2.26 mg) compared to larvae fed on cotton leaves (14.0 ± 0.07 days and 169.3 ± 2.06 mg). Thus, one generation cycle of A. impasta was obtained by feeding the larvae with cotton leaves. The mean (minimum-maximum) values for the duration of eggs, larvae and pupae were: 3.0 (3-4), 14.8 (14-18), and 9.7 (7-14) days, respectively. The viability of the eggs, larvae, and pupae were 43.7, 98.3, and 94.7%, respectively. Females lived on average 25.2 days (ranging from 15 to 37 days) and produced 869 eggs (from 4 to 1,866 eggs). The successful development and reproduction of A. impasta on cotton, especially, on the cotton leaves, suggest the potential of this species to reach a pest status in cotton. The similarities with A. argillacea, as discussed in this study, can be one of the reasons for low reference to A. impasta in the field. Therefore, the information provided here will allow researchers and growers to distinguish these two cotton defoliators.

Background: phytoplankton is considered the most important community in the aquatic food chain. As the basis of the food chain, periphyton offers possibilities for further optimization of extensive aquaculture ponds, although in-depth research on its effects on phytoplankton is necessary. Objective: a test was conducted to assess periphyton effects on phytoplankton concentration (org/L) and Shannon Weaver algae diversity index (DI). Methods: 18 earthen ponds (90 m²) under extensive polyculture conditions and low stocking density (2 kg/m² at the end of the culture) were used. Fish density was 2.6 Nile tilapia/m² and 0.7 bocachico/m2. Treatments consisted in the inclusion or absence of substrate (polyethylene pipes) for periphyton attachment (B1 for substrate presence and B2 for substrate absence) combined with three feeding strategies: no balanced feed offered (A1), 20% crude protein feed (A2), and 25% crude protein feed (A3). The combination of substrate levels and feeding strategies resulted in six treatments. Each treatment was replicated there times using a randomized complete block design for a six-month experimental period. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measure ANOVA in which time appears as a third factor (monthly samplings). Results: an interaction between factor B and time was found (P < 0.05), suggesting that the DI was significantly higher in ponds with substrate (B1) at given times (times 3, 4, 5 and 6). A significant interaction was also found between factors A*B*time (P < 0.05) for the concentration of organisms; resulting in a higher concentration of organisms in treatments that included substrate for periphyton attachment. Conclusion: periphyton had a positive influence on phytoplankton development, which is why stimulating periphyton attachment on an artificial substrate is a good way of improving a pond's primary production.Antecedentes: se considera que la comunidad fitoplanctónica es la más importante en la cadena alimenticia acuática. El perifiton, como base de la cadena alimenticia, ofrece posibilidades que optimizarían el uso de los insumos utilizados en sistemas extensivos, pero es necesario investigar a fondo sus efectos sobre el fitoplancton. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del perifiton sobre la concentración (org/L) y el índice de diversidad algal Shannon Weaver (DI) del fitoplancton. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo en 18 estanques en tierra, de 90 m², bajo condiciones de policultivo de baja densidad de siembra (buscando alcanzar máximo 2 Kg/m² al final del cultivo) con 2,6 tilapias y 0,7 bocachicos/m². Los tratamientos consistieron en la inclusión o no de sustrato (tubos de polietileno) para perifiton (B1: presencia de sustrato; B2: ausencia de sustrato), bajo tres estrategias alimentarias: sin alimento balanceado, alimento con 20% proteína bruta (PB) y alimento con 25% de PB, denominadas A1, A2 y A3, respectivamente. La combinación de los tres niveles de A con los dos niveles de B resultó en seis tratamientos, cada uno con tres réplicas. Para la asignación de tratamientos a cada unidad se usó un diseño completamente al azar. Los datos fueron analizados usando un ANOVA con medidas repetidas, donde aparece el tiempo como un tercer factor (muestreos mensuales). Resultados: hubo una significativa interacción entre el factor B y el tiempo (P < 0.05), mostrando que en algunos tiempos específicos (3, 4, 5 y 6), el DI fue significativamente más alto en estanques con sustrato (B1). También se encontró interacción entre los factores A*B*tiempo (P < 0.05) para la concentración de organismos, mostrando una mayor concentración para los tratamientos con sustrato para perifiton. Conclusión: el perifiton tuvo una influencia positiva sobre el desarrollo del fitoplancton. Por esta razón, estimular la fijación de perifiton sobre un sustrato artificial es una buena forma para mejorar la productividad primaria del estanque.Antecedentes: considera-se que a comunidade fitoplanctônica é a mais importante na cadeia alimentar aquática. O perifíton, como base da cadeia alimentar, oferece possibilidades para melhorar o uso dos insumos correntemente utilizados nos sistemas extensivos, mas precisa se pesquisar bem acerca de seus efeitos sobre o fitoplâncton. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do perifíton sobre a concentração (org/L) e o índice de diversidade Shannon Weaver (DI) do fitoplâncton. Métodos: realizou-se um teste em 18 viveiros, de 90 m² sob condições de policultivo de baixa densidade de estoque (procurando alcançar no máximo 2 Kg/m² no final da safra) com 2,6 tilápias e 0,7 bocachicos por m² respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão ou não de substrato (canos de polietileno) para perifíton (B1 presença de substrato, B2 ausência de substrato), sob três estratégias alimentarias: sem alimento balanceado, alimento com 20% de proteína bruta (PB) e alimento com 25% de PB, denominados A1, A2 e A3, respectivamente. A combinação dos três níveis de A, com os dois níveis de B resultou em seis tratamentos, cada um com três replicas. Na designação dos tratamentos para cada unidade experimental usou-se um desenho completamente ao acaso. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA com medidas repetidas, onde aparece o tempo como o terceiro fator (amostras mensais). Resultados: houve uma significativa interação entre o fator B e o tempo (P < 0.05), demonstrando que em alguns tempos específicos (3, 4, 5 e 6), o DI foi significativamente maior em viveiros com substrato (B1). Também se encontrou interação entre os fatores A*B*tempo (P < 0.05) para a concentração de organismos, apresentando maior concentração para os tratamentos com substrato para perifíton. Conclusão: o perifíton teve uma influencia positiva sobre o desenvolvimento do fitoplâncton. Por esta razão, estimular a fixação do perifíton sobre um substrato artificial é uma boa maneira para melhorar a produtividade primaria do viveiro.

The present study was carried out at the Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL), University of Arizona, to assess the effect of the addition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), at different densities, on the growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The growth rate and feed conversion of shrimp, both in polyculture and monoculture, were evaluated. Shrimp-tilapia proportions were 20:8 individuals in Treatment One (T1), 20:4 individuals in Treatment Two (T2) and 20:2 individuals in Treatment Three (T3), while in Treatment Four (T4) shrimp were stocked as a control group with a ratio of 20:0. The experiment lasted for four weeks at 10 ppt water salinity. The shrimp and fish were fed once a day with 8% and 3% of their body weight, respectively, using a 35% protein feed. At the end of the experiment, the average individual weight and best feed conversion ratio were obtained in shrimp polyculture treatment with highest tilapia density 6.08 ± 0.18 g and 1.26 ± 0.01 respectively, while the lowest scores were found in the monoculture treatment with 5.14 ± 0.59 g and 1.35 ± 0.01, respectively (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrate that integrated farming of shrimp and tilapia, with a polyculture sequential tanks system is technically feasible and increases the production of shrimp, which is higher than in monoculture, without any adverse interaction between fish and shrimp.El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Investigación del Medio Ambiente (ERL). de la Universidad de Arizona, para evaluar el efecto de la adición de la tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) a diferentes densidades, en el desempeno del crecimiento del camarón blanco del Pacífico (Litopenaeus vannamei). La tasa de crecimiento y conversión alimenticia del camarón, tanto en policultivo y monocultivo, fueron evaluados. Las proporciones de camarón y la tilapia fueron de 20:8 individuos en el tratamiento uno (T1), 20:4 en el tratamiento dos (T2) y de 20:2 en el tratamiento tres (T3), mientras que en el tratamiento cuatro (T4), únicamente fueron sembrados camarones, participando como grupo control con una relación de 20:0. El experimento se realizó durante cuatro semanas y agua a 10 ppm de salinidad. Los camarones y peces fueron alimentados una vez al día con el 8% y 3% de su peso corporal, de manera respectiva, empleando alimento con el 35% de proteína. Al final del experimento, el peso individual promedio y la mejor conversión alimenticia de los camarones fueron obtenidos en el policultivo con mayor densidad de tilapia 6.08 ± 0,18 g y 1,26 ± 0,01, mientras que, los resultados más bajos se encontraron en el tratamiento de monocultivo con 5,14 ± 0.59 g y 1,35 ± 0,01, respectivamente (P < 0,05). El presente estudio demuestra que el cultivo integral de camarón y tilapia, con un sistema de tanques secuenciales, es técnicamente viable e incrementa la producción de camarón, la cual es más alta que en el monocultivo, sin ninguna interacción adversa entre los peces y camarones.

Avaliou-se o crescimento, a produção e o teor do óleo essencial de dois cortes de capim citronela em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido. Para isso foram utilizados dois sistemas de consórcios (tratamentos): algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 3x1 e algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 1x1. A variedade de algodão colorido utilizada foi a BRS Rubi e as mudas de capim citronela foram produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 16 repetições. O experimento foi mantido em regime de sequeiro e foi avaliado a altura das plantas de capim citronela. Foram realizadas duas colheitas das folhas de capim citronela, sendo a primeira no momento da colheita da fibra do algodão e a segunda na rebrota do capim, seis meses após. Todas as plantas da parcela foram colhidas e as folhas frescas foram pesadas, no campo, com o auxílio de balança digital. Amostras das folhas colhidas foram retiradas e levadas para secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 35ºC até atingirem massa constante. Foi verificada a massa seca e posteriormente realizada a extração do óleo essencial pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho modificado de Clevenger. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Skott-Knott (pThe research was performed to evaluate the growth, production and essential oil content of the two harvests of citronella grass in intercropped with colored cotton in semiarid.For this, was used two system consortium (treatments): colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 3X1 and colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 1X1. The variety of colored cotton used was BRS Rubi and the citronella grass seedlings were produced in the Medicinal Plants Garden of Unimontes. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two treatments and 16 repetitions. The experiment was maintained under rainfed conditions. Was evaluated plant height of citronella grass. Citronella grass leaves were harvested twice: the first was made at harvest of cotton fiber and the second in the grass regrowth, six months later. All plants in the plot were harvested and the fresh leaves were weighed, in the field, with the aid of a digital balance. Samples from leaves harvested were collected and taken for drying in an oven with forced air at 35ºC until reaching constant weight. Dry mass was verified and the performed the extraction of essential oil by hydrodestilation in Clevenger modified apparatus. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Skott-Knott test (p

Este trabalho objetivou comparar o desempenho produtivo de acarás-bandeira criados em aquários e em hapas em viveiros escavados dentro de estufa plástica em monocultivo e policultivo com camarão-da-amazônia, em duas densidades de estocagem (1,6 e 3,2 peixes 10-1 L). Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquemafatorial 3x2, correspondendo a três sistemas de produção e duas densidades de estocagem, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Anova e teste de Tukey foram aplicados aos dados (α = 0,05). Os peixes produzidos nos viveiros em monocultivo e policultivo apresentarammais que o dobro de ganho de peso, menor consumo de ração, melhor conversão alimentar, maior comprimento-padrão e uniformidade do lote em relação aos peixes mantidos em aquários. A produção em aquários apresentou menor sobrevivência que o monocultivo. O aumento da densidade reduziu o ganho de peso, o comprimento-padrão e o fator decondição, independentemente do sistema usado. A biomassa não apresentou diferença entre as densidades nos aquários e aumentou com a densidade nos tratamentos mono e policultivo. O peso médio e a sobrevivência final dos camarões no sistema semi-intensivoem policultivo foram 1,66 g e 84,4%, respectivamente. Pelos melhores resultados de crescimento, a densidade 1,6 peixe 10 L-1 é melhor para a criação do acará-bandeira do que 3,2 peixes 10 L-1. O acará-bandeira pode ser produzido em hapas em sistema semi-intensivoem mono ou policultivo com camarão-da-amazônia, com melhor desempenho do que em sistema intensivo em aquários.Thepresent study aimed to compare three production systems for freshwater angelfish: intensive indoor aquarium, semi-intensive greenhoused earth pond (monoculture) and greenhoused earth pond in polyculture with Amazon River prawn. Two stock densitieswere also tested: 1.6 and 3.2 fish 10 L-1. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used (α = 0.05). Fish from monoculture and polyculture systems showed over twice the weight gain,lower food consumption, better food conversion rate, bigger standard length and group uniformity than the fish maintained in aquariums. The aquarium system showed lower survival than monoculture. The stock density increase reduced the weight gain, standard length and body condition in all culture systems. The interaction analysis for biomass was statistical significance, showing no difference between the densities inside aquarium and increasing with density within mono and polyculture ponds. In polyculture, mean final weight and survival of Amazon river prawns were 1.66 g e 84.4%, respectively. Due tobetter growth results, density of 1.6 fish 10 L-1 is better than 3.2 fish 10 L-1. Freshwater angelfish can be produced better in hapas on monocultured or polycultured semi-intensive compared to indoor aquariums system.

Avaliou-se a produção de peixes em sistema de policultivo, em tanques de terra com 40m2 de área, contendo cada um 30 tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) e 10 carpas (Cyrinus carpio), fertilizados diariamente com esterco fresco de suínos, sendo os peixes suplementados com grãos de milho e milheto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Peixes; recria; policultivo; milheto. Tambaqui (75%) was reared in polyculture with common carp (25%) from 5.5g and 3.4g mean weight respectively for a period of 505 days. Ponds of 40m2 were stocked at a total density of 10000 ha-1, and daily manured with 150 kg.ha-¹, of swine fresh manure. Fish were supplemented fed with corn or pearl millet grain, offered in submersed trays at a daily rate calculated as 3% of total biomass. The experiment polyculture had a mean net yield of 6.6; 5.2 and 2.1 t.ha-¹.year-¹ of pearl millet, corn and manure respectively. The result of this study indicates that rearing tambaqui in semi-intensive polyculture without supplementary feed had a low growth and the pearl millet fed fish showed a high performance. KEY-WORDS: Fishes; polyculture; pearl millet.

Os consórcios feitos de forma adequada podem resultar em inúmeros benefícios ao agroecossistema e ao produtor. O objetivo foi avaliar aspectos fitotécnicos do rabanete e alface cultivados em consórcio no oeste goiano. Foram testados 4 consórcios (com 8 plantas de alface e 20, 40, 60 e 80 plantas de rabanete, respectivamente, C I, C II, C III e C IV) em relação ao monocultivo de alface (16 plantas) e de rabanete (80 plantas) por metro quadrado. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliou o diâmetro, comprimento e massa média das raízes do rabanete; o diâmetro médio do coleto, número de folhas e massa média da parte aérea das plantas de alface e a produtividade de ambas as culturas. Calculou-se o índice de equivalência de área (IEA). O consórcio não afetou o tamanho e peso médio das raízes do rabanete, entretanto, a produtividade do C I (0,46 kg.m-2) foi inferior ao C III (1,97 kg.m-2), C IV (2,25 kg.m-2) e ao monocultivo (2,05 kg.m-2). Para a cultura da alface, houve diferença estatística apenas na produtividade, que foi maior no sistema em monocultivo (2,84 kg.m-2). Somente o consórcio II (0,82) apresentou IEA inferior ao monocultivo (1,0). Os consórcios apresentam potencial de uso pelos horticultores da região. Agronomic performance of intercropping between radish and lettuce in West goiano Abstract: Intercropping properly executed can result in many benefits to the agroecosystem and the farmer. The aim was to evaluate phytotechnical aspects of radish and lettuce intercropped in West Goiás. Four intercropping systems (with 8 lettuce plants and 20, 40, 60 and 80 radish plants, respectively, C I, C II, C III and C IV) were compared to the lettuce monoculture (16 plants) and radish (80 plants) by square meter. The design was a randomized block design with four replications. The diameter, length and average mass of radish roots; the average stem diameter, number of leaves and average mass of the aerial part of lettuce plants and the productivity of both cultures were evaluated. We calculated the land equivalent ratio (IEA). The consortium did not affect the size and average weight of radish roots, however, the C I productivity (0.46 kg.m-2) was lower than C III (1.97 kg.m-2), C IV (2.25 kg.m-2) and monoculture (2.05 kg.m-2). To lettuce crop, there was statistical difference only in productivity, which was higher in the system in monoculture (2.84 kg.m-2). Only the consortium II (0.82) had less IEA than the monoculture (1.0). The consortiums have a potential use by horticulturists in this region.

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Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analisou-se o crescimento dos peixes, a composição das espécies e a produtividade de quatro policultivos (P75, P78, P87 e P207), visando melhorar o manejo e a produtividade pesqueira dos pequenos açudes (0,1-5,0ha) do Semi-Árido brasileiro. Simulou-se as condições desses açudes em viveiros com 120 e 5.000 m² de área, sem renovação de água, utilizando moderada quantidade de adubo e fertilizante. A biomassa inicial variou de 75 a 207kg ha-1, sendo formada por: tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), curimatã pacu (Prochilodus argenteus), carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e tucunaré (Cichla ocellaris). Os peixes apresentaram baixo crescimento (< 0,01g g-1 d-1) após 75 dias de criação (P78 e 87). O crescimento do tambaqui, da tilápia e da curimatã foi reduzido após 53 dias (P75). Em moderada biomassa, o crescimento do tambaqui foi inferior ao da carpa e da curimatã (P207). A produtividade da tilápia atingiu 720 kg ha-1ano-1 (P78), sendo reduzida para 220 kg ha-1ano-1 devido ao processo reprodutivo (P75 e P207). A produtividade da carpa de 1.600 kg ha-1ano-1 foi superior a dos outros peixes (P87). A biomassa inicial de 75 kg ha-1 (60:30:4:3:3% de tilápia, tambaqui, carpa, curimatã e tucunaré, respectivamente) otimizou o crescimento e a produtividade dos peixes. A utilização de tilápias monossexadas e o fornecimento da alimentação suplementar ao tambaqui tornam-se imprescindíveis ao policultivo.The analysed species composition, fish growth, and productivity of four polycultures (P75, P78, P87, and P207) with the objective to improve the small reservoir (0.1-5 ha) fishery management and productivity in the Brazilian semiarid region were conducted a experiment. To mimic reservoir conditions, we used 120 and 5,000m² ponds and evaporation and infiltration water loss was replaced. In addition, manure and fertilizers were used only moderately. The initial biomass of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, 'tambaqui' Colossoma macropomum, 'curimatã pacu' Prochilodus argenteus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and 'tucunaré' Cichla ocellaris ranged from 75 to 207kg ha-1. The fish showed low growth rates (

The difficulties experienced by the fisherman/fisherwoman craft are different from land tenure to the educational. In this context, actions were developed seeking to build new relationships between the settlers and the environment, having the the fisherman/fisherwoman as a focus, by adjusting the characteristics of agro-ecosystems with new production possibilities. Thus, this study aimed to: the artisan the fisherman/fisherwoman develop practices for fish and participate in the breeding of the common curimatã management (Cearaensis Prochilodus ) with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ) in a polyculture system using brackish water artesian well under two treatments (T1 and T2) of feeding and management: T1: organic fertilization with cattle manure 500 kg / ha + half of the commercial feed applied in T2; and T2: commercial feed (Free Ribe Screwdriver ) containing 32 % crude protein. In each tank were used 100 fingerlings of common curimatã and 100 Tilapia with 0.032 g and 0.134 g of initial body weight, respectively. The individual weights and the total length measures were collected monthly to assess growth, starting in September / 15 and ending at the end of February 2016, for 147 days. The fish food was provided by the fisherman/fisherwoman twice a day, based on 5 % of body weight. This willful the fisherman/fisherwoman participation helped to develop their skills and abilities during the execution of the project, in addition to interest in fish farming and getting fish. It was observed that the final biomass for curimatã differ depending on the treatment (T1 = 2.70 and T2 = Kg 5.94 Kg), with commercial diet significantly favoring its growth; while in the final Tilapia biomass, T1 (54.63 kg) and T2 (54.18 kg), there was no significant differences between treatments. The final average weight of 604,5g, which was obtained for tilapia in this test, is within the ideal range for producing steaks at a lower cost. The fertilizer had no effect on the growth of curimatãs was not observed , but favored the growth of tilapia, including reducing the consumption of the feeding by half, which contributes to lower production costs. With regard to the brackish water, it appeara to have affected the growth of curimatãs, demonstrating its lack of adaptation, while in it was not observed any effect on the growth of tilapia. As the two species have similar eating habits and the results demonstrate the influence of fertilization on growth, it is appropriate to conduct new experiments. In this study it will be important to consider the storage density and the amount and frequency of fertilization, so as to provide a satisfactory growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resultados preliminares de um experimento, em execução desde setembro de 2000 no Campo Experimental de Pacajus, CE, para avaliar um sistema de policultivo com fruteiras, são relacionados e discutidos neste trabalho. Dez espécies foram plantadas em uma área de 1,2 ha, em covas alternadas e divergentes em relação às linhas laterais, sendo que cada planta de uma espécie foi circundada por plantas de outras espécies. Após 15 meses, as espécies bananeira, mamoeiro e goiabeira foram substituídas por cupuaçuzeiro, pupunheira e abacateiro, respectivamente. A não adaptação da bananeira pode ter como causa os efeitos danosos dos ventos e maior irradiação solar, devido ao maior espaçamento utilizado no sistema em relação ao cultivo comercial. A mangueira, o sapotizeiro, o cajueiro, a aceroleira e a gravioleira estão com bom desenvolvimento. E, com exceção da mangueira e do sapotizeiro, todas já estão em frutificação. Nos 34 meses de avaliação, verificou-se que a recomposição natural da flora entre as fileiras foi prejudicada pela carência de nutrientes químicos e matéria orgânica do solo, o que pode ter favorecido, também, o ataque de pragas e doenças.Preliminary results of an experiment carried out in the Experimental Field of Pacajus, CE, Brazil, established in September 2000, to evaluate intercropping systems of tropical fruit trees are discussed. Ten species were planted in 1.2 ha, in a way that each row had two species in alternate and divergent position in relation to the lateral lines, so that each plant of one species was surrounded by plants of different species. After 15 months banana, papaya, and guava species were replaced by cupuacu, peach palm, and avocado, respectively. Banana was bad adapted to the system and this could be caused by the harmful effects of wind and higher irradiation due large plant spacing utilized in relation to the commercial plantation. Mango, sapodilla, cashew tree, acerola, and soursop tree adapted well to the system. During the 34 month-period of evaluation the regrowth of the natural flora between rows has been impaired by the low soil fertility and organic matter which may also have favored pests and diseases attack.

La piscicultura está considerada como una alternativa real para la producción de alimentos en países tropicales. Para obtener el articulo completo pueden contactar al Editor de la Revista Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios en el siguiente correo electrónico era@ujat.mx y se les enviará sin algún costo.

Para obtener el articulo completo pueden contactar al editor de la revista Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios en el siguiente correo era@ujat.mx y se les enviará sin ningún costo.

O controle de pragas da videira no Brasil restringe-se basicamente ao uso de inseticidas, devido à inexistência de trabalhos que visem a complementar o manejo de pragas através de controle biológico. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar o efeito de diferentes coberturas vegetais nas entrelinhas de plantio de videira sobre a abundância e diversidade de potenciais inimigos naturais de pragas da videira no município de Caldas, região Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram testadas sete diferentes coberturas de solo (aveia-preta, aveia-preta e ervilhaca, ervilhaca, cobertura morta, uso de herbicida, capina mecânica e mato roçado). A cobertura vegetal do solo influenciou tanto a diversidade quanto a abundância de inimigos naturais, sendo o consórcio de aveia-preta e ervilhaca, cultivadas simultaneamente, o tratamento que proporcionou maior diversidade e abundância de inimigos naturais. Assim, a cobertura vegetal do solo pode, potencialmente, ser um componente importante em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura da videira.The control of grapevine pests in Brazil is only based in the use of chemical products. It is due to the whole absence of experimental works developed to test and evaluate alternative control systems, like the biological control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different types of cover crops, placed between the cultivation lines of grapevine, in the abundance and diversity of natural control arthropods of grapevine pests. The experiment was conduced in the EPAMIG, Caldas Research Farm, located in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. They Were tested seven different systems of soil covering. The presence of vegetal covering was beneficial to improve the diversity as well as the abundance of biological control agents present on the grapevine crop. The cultivation of black oat and pea together, was the treatment that showed the better result to diversity and abundance. Therefore, the cover crops would be an important step to programs of pest control on grape looking for low environmental impact

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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)