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Context: With the high prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament rupture among young and active individuals, rehabilitation after the injury and surgery should meet the current evidence-based recommendations to restore knee function and reduce the risk of further injury. This study aimed to investigate the current rehabilitation practices and return to sports (RTS) criteria after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia. Design: Online cross-sectional survey-based study. Methods: A total of 177 physical therapists in Saudi Arabia participated in this survey. The survey included questions about the preferred postoperative timing and frequency of rehabilitation, current views on the importance of preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation to the overall outcomes, the timeframe of RTS, and the decision-making process to RTS. Results: Most therapists (96.6%) believed preoperative rehabilitation was essential/important to postoperative outcomes. Two-thirds encouraged patients to start rehabilitation program within 1 to 4 days immediately post-ACLR. RTS was permitted 6 to 9 months post-ACLR by 60% of therapists if satisfied with patient progress and capacity. Factors considered before RTS included knee strength (72.9%), functional capacity (86.4%), lower limb and trunk mechanics (62.7%), and psychological readiness (42.2%). Knee strength was assessed by manual muscle testing (39%), handheld dynamometry (15.3%), and isokinetic dynamometer (13.6%). While 60% of the therapists used single-limbed hop for distance for evaluating functional capacity, only 27.1% used a hop test battery. Conclusions: The surveyed physical therapists in Saudi Arabia demonstrated variations in the current rehabilitation practices and RTS criteria post-ACLR. Over half of the surveyed therapists considered preoperative rehabilitation essential to postoperative outcomes. However, the therapists should update their perspective with current evidence-based practice regarding the RTS timeframe, psychological readiness assessment for RTS, and knee strength evaluation using objective measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (SSCD) is a dehiscence of the otic capsule which normally lies over the superior semicircular canal. This database constitutes the largest series of SSCD patients to date. OBJECTIVE: To determine what preoperative factors, if any, contribute to postoperative outcomes and evaluate symptom resolution in a large SSCD patient cohort. METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective chart review collected patient demographics, intraoperative findings, and pre-and postoperative symptoms. Fishers exact t-test was performed for unpaired categorical variables, with a significance level of p

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a common occurrence during anesthesia administration for various surgical procedures and is linked to postoperative adverse outcomes. Factors contributing to IOH include hypovolemia, vasodilation, and impaired contractility, often combined with patient comorbidities. Strategies for mitigating IOH have been developed and are continually being updated with new research and technological advancements. These strategies include personalized blood pressure thresholds, pharmacologic measures, and the use of predictive tools. However, the management of IOH also requires careful consideration of patient-specific comorbidities and the use of appropriate treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Splenectomy indications are well documented; however, several infectious complications and potentially life-threatening conditions could arise after splenectomy. We aim to describe a 20-year single-center experience of postoperative outcomes after splenectomy and perform a subgroup analysis according to approach and surgical setting with a 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year follow-up. Study design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2003 and 2023. We included all patients aged 18 years and older who underwent splenectomy. A description of clinical and operative variables with infectious outcomes was performed. Subgroup analyses were performed between open or laparoscopic approach and surgical setting. Results: A total of 134 patients were included. Female patients constituted 52.99% (n = 71) of cases, with a mean age of 51.01 ± 20.79 years. The most frequent surgical indication for splenectomy was trauma in 31.34% (n = 42), and a laparoscopic approach was indicated in 41.79% (n = 56). Overwhelming post-splenectomy syndrome (OPSI) was evidenced in 2.24% (n = 3) of the population. Surgical characteristics such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and intensive care requirement and unit length of stay were higher in open and trauma patients. Conclusion: Our data describe the demographic, clinical and operative characteristics of patients undergoing splenectomy in Colombia, providing a solid basis for future research. The results obtained on overwhelming postsplenectomy syndrome (OPSI) and postoperative complications are comparable with those reported in the international literature, reinforcing the validity of our findings. Further prospective studies in this population are needed to optimize management strategies and improve clinical outcomes, particularly in higher risk subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are various frailty assessment tools in the world, and the application choice of frailty assessment tools for the elderly perioperative population varies. It remains unclear which frailty assessment tool is more suitable for the perioperative population in China. To validate the Perioperative Frailty Index (FI-32) derived from the Chinese Hospital Information System by investigating the impact of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes, and ascertain the diagnostic value of FI-32 for predicting postoperative complications through comparing with the FRAIL scale and the modified Frailty Index (mFI-11). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Elderly patients who were 60 years or older and underwent selective operation were included. The FI-32, FRAIL scale, and mFI-11 were assessed. Demographic, surgical variables and outcome variables were extracted from medical records. The data of readmission and mortality within 30 days and 90 days of surgery were ascertained by Telephone follow-up by professionally trained researchers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between frailty and complications. Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to compare FI-32 with mFI-11 and FRAIL, to explore the predictive ability of frailty. Results: 335 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, and among them, 201 (60.0%) were females, and the Median(P25, P75)age at surgery was 69 (65,74) years. The prevalence of frailty in the study population was 16.4% (assessed by FI-32). After adjusting for concomitant variables including demographic characteristics (such as gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, average monthly income and educational level) and surgical factors (such as surgical approach, surgical site, anesthesia method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and intraoperative fluid intake), there was a statistically significant association between frailty and the development of postoperative complication after surgery (OR = 3.051, 95% CI:1.460–6.378, P = 0.003). There were also significant differences in mortality within 30 days of surgery, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the hospitalization costs. FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 showed a moderate predictive ability for postoperative complications, the Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.582, 0.566 and 0.531, respectively. With adjusting concomitant variables associated with postoperative complications, the AUCs of FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 in the adjusted prediction models were 0.824, 0.827 and 0.820 respectively. Conclusions: The FI-32 has a predictive effect on postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly Chinese patients. Compared to FRAIL and mFI-11, the FI-32 had the same ability to predict postoperative complications, and FI-32 can be extracted directly from HIS, which greatly saves the time for clinical medical staff to evaluate perioperative frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Intestinal Behçet's disease (iBD) often requires surgical intervention, with a significant proportion of patients needing reoperation. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with reoperation in patients with iBD who underwent initial bowel resection and to evaluate the perioperative and long-term outcomes in these patients. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study analyzing patients who underwent their initial bowel resection due to iBD between 2005–2021 at a tertiary referral hospital. Reoperation was considered a surgery due to postoperative complications (within 30 days of the initial surgery) or disease progression. Results: A total of 81 patients were included. The median follow-up duration was 107.1 months, during which 26 patients (32%) underwent reoperation. Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of hematological disorders (hazards ratio [HR], 9.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.79–22.02, p < 0.001), higher c-reactive protein (CRP) levels before the initial surgery (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02, p < 0.001), and a shorter specimen resection length (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99, p = 0.011) were risk factors for reoperation. Patients who underwent reoperation had higher rates of postoperative complications (69.2% vs. 43.6%, p = 0.031), required longer antibiotic use (12 vs. 7 days, p = 0.012), and had extended hospital stays (18 vs. 9 days, p = 0.011). They also had worse 5-year survival rates than those who did not undergo reoperation (83.5% vs. 98.4%, p = 0.012). Conclusions: Concurrent hematological disorders, high preoperative CRP levels, and short specimen resection were associated with an increased risk of reoperation in patients with iBD who underwent their initial bowel resections. They also had worse perioperative and long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indicators, such as mortality and complications, are commonly used to measure the quality of care. However, a more comprehensive assessment of surgical quality is captured using composite outcome measures such as Textbook Outcome (TO), Optimal Pancreatic Surgery, and a newer 'Ideal Outcome' (IO) measure. We reviewed our institutional experience to assess the impact of demographics, comorbidities, and operative variables on IO after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on PD patients at Northwell Health between 2009 and 2023. IO was determined by the absence of six adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, Clavien-Dindo ≥ III complications, clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, reoperation, hospital stay > 75th percentile, and readmission within 30 days. Logistic regression analyzed the effects of various factors on achieving IO. Results: Of the 578 patients who underwent PD, 248 (42.91%) achieved the IO. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased odds of achieving IO included neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62) and the presence of neuroendocrine tumors (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.35–8.41). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80) and older age (≥ 70 years) (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.74) were associated with decreased odds of achieving IO. Patients with IO had significantly improved survival on Kaplan-Meier log-rank test (p = 0.001) as well as adjusted Cox analysis (HR 0.62 95% CI: 0.39–0.97). Conclusion: IO may offer a comprehensive metric for assessing PD outcomes, highlighting the impact of age, chemotherapy, biliary drainage, and tumor types. These findings suggest targeted interventions and quality improvements could enhance PD outcomes by addressing modifiable factors and refining clinical strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the utility of galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a biomarker for postoperative adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Method: This review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic database search was conducted in October 2023. Studies that measured pre- and/or postoperative plasma Gal-3 levels in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Primary outcomes included postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: Out of 391 studies screened, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of the three studies showed that preoperative plasma levels of Gal-3 were associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. Two of the three studies reported a significant increase in preoperative Gal-3 levels in patients who developed postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The addition of Gal-3 to the EuroSCORE II model was found to statistically improve the prediction of both AKI and POAF. Three of the five studies suggested that Gal-3 levels can predict postoperative mortality. Finally, one study suggested that lower preoperative Gal-3 levels was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) after surgery. Conclusions: Gal-3 may play a promising role in predicting adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The addition of Gal-3 to clinical risk prediction scores may improve their discriminatory power in this group of patients. Future studies are warranted to justify its incorporation into routine clinical practice. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an inflammatory protein that has recently emerged in literature as a potential biomarker for predicting mortality and cardiovascular events in cardiac surgery patients. Our review article consolidates landmark studies on the association between Gal-3 and several post-surgery outcomes such as kidney injury, atrial fibrillation, mortality, and left ventricular remodeling in adult patients. Incorporating Gal-3 in established clinical risk models such as the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) scores and EuroSCORE may improve their predictive ability in diverse patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Robotic surgery (RS) is gaining prominence in colorectal procedures owing to advantages like three-dimensional vision and enhanced dexterity, particularly in rectal surgery. Although recent reviews report similar outcomes between laparoscopic surgery (LS) and RS, this study investigates the evolving trends in outcomes over time, paralleling the increasing experience in RS. Methods: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted of randomised controlled trials exploring postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing RS or LS for colorectal pathology. The primary outcome measure was postoperative complications. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's assessment tool. Randomised controlled trials were identified from the PubMed®, Embase® and CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases via the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Results: Of 491 articles screened, 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of postoperative complications revealed no significant difference between RS and LS (relative risk [RR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79 to 1.18, p=0.72). Meta-regression analysis of postoperative complications demonstrated a significant trend favouring RS over time (yearly change in Ln(RR): −0.0620, 95% CI: −0.1057 to −0.0183, p=0.005). Secondary outcome measures included operative time, length of stay, blood loss, conversion to open surgery, positive circumferential resection margins and lymph nodes retrieved. The only significant findings were shorter operative time favouring LS (mean difference: 41.48 minutes, 95% CI: 22.15 to 60.81 minutes, p<0.001) and fewer conversions favouring RS (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.85, p=0.007). Conclusions: As experience in RS grows, evidence suggests an increasing safety profile for patients. Meta-regression revealed a significant temporal trend with complication rates favouring RS over LS. Heterogeneous reporting of complications hindered subgroup analysis of minor and major complications. LS remains quicker. Rising adoption of RS coupled with emerging evidence is expected to further elucidate its clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the height of the recent Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, several surgeries were transitioned to ambulatory surgery centers to reserve inpatient resources and reduce transmission risks. Our study evaluated the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent prepectoral breast reconstruction in the operating rooms of two full-service main hospitals versus their associated surgery centers. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction at a single hospital between 2018 and 2022. Eligible patients had at least 3 months of post-expander follow-up, with the majority also having 3 months of post-implant follow-up. Patient demographics, reconstructive characteristics, post-expander outcomes, and post-implant outcomes were evaluated between the surgery center and main operating room using the chi-squared (or Fisher's exact) and Wilcoxon ranked-sum tests. This study included 301 patients, outcomes of 509 post-expander breasts, and outcomes of 410 post-implant breasts. The patient characteristics were similar with the only significant difference being the hospital length of stay (increased stay at the main hospital). There were no statistically significant differences in any of the surgical outcomes between the two groups in the post-expander or post-implant period. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted elective procedures, prompting a shift toward outpatient surgery to optimize hospital resources and reduce inpatient exposure risks. Although breast reconstruction is elective, delays can pose risks for patients with cancer. Our results show that surgical outcomes for prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction remain consistent whether performed in outpatient surgical centers or main hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative role of malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease is known; however, many coexisting disease-related factors could cause misinterpretation of the real culprit. This study aimed to describe the role of malnutrition using a novel methodology, entropy balancing. This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing elective major surgery for Crohn's disease, preoperatively screened following the European Society for Clinical Nutrition guidelines. Two-step entropy balancing was applied to the group of malnourished patients to obtain an equal cohort having a null or low risk of malnutrition. The first reweighting homogenised the cohorts for non-modifiable confounding factors. The second reweighting matched the two groups for modifiable nutritional factors, assuming successful treatment of malnutrition. The entropy balancing was evaluated using the d -value. Postoperative results are reported as mean difference or OR, with a 95 % CI. Of the 183 patients, 69 (37·7 %) were at moderate/high risk for malnutrition. The malnourished patients had lower BMI (d = 1·000), Hb (d = 0·715), serum albumin (d = 0·981), a higher lymphocyte count (d = 0·124), Charlson Comorbidity Index (d = 0·257), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (d = 0·327) and Harvey-Bradshaw scores (d = 0·696). Protective loop ileostomy was more frequently performed (d = 0·648) in the malnourished group. After the first reweighting, malnourished patients experienced a prolonged length of stay (mean difference = 1·9; 0·11, 3·71, days), higher overall complication rate (OR 4·42; 1·39, 13·97) and higher comprehensive complication index score (mean difference = 8·9; 2·2 15·7). After the second reweighting, the postoperative course of the two groups was comparable. Entropy balancing showed the independent role of preoperative malnutrition and the possible advantages obtainable from a pre-habilitation programme in Crohn's disease patients awaiting surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols optimize perioperative care and improve recovery. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ERAS in one- or two-level posterior lumbar fusion surgeries, focusing on perioperative medication use, pain management, and functional outcomes. Methods: Eighty-eight patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery between March 2021 and February 2022 were allocated into pre-ERAS (n = 41) and post-ERAS (n = 47) groups. Outcomes included opioid and antiemetic consumption, pain scores (numerical rating scale (NRS)), functional recovery (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D)), and complication rates. Pain was assessed daily for the first four postoperative days and at 6 months. Linear Mixed Effects Model analysis evaluated pain trajectories. Results: The post-ERAS group showed significantly lower opioid (p = 0.005) and antiemetic (p < 0.001) use. No significant differences were observed in NRS pain scores in the first 4 postoperative days. At 6 months, the post-ERAS group reported significantly lower leg pain (p = 0.002). The time:group interaction was not significant for back (p = 0.848) or leg (p = 0.503) pain. Functional outcomes at 6 months, particularly ODI and EQ-5D scores, showed significant improvement in the post-ERAS group. Complication rates were lower in the post-ERAS group (4.3% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.024), while hospital stay and fusion rates remained similar. Conclusions: The ERAS protocol significantly reduced opioid and antiemetic use, improved long-term pain management and functional recovery, and lowered complication rates in lumbar fusion patients. These findings support the implementation of ERAS protocols in spinal surgery, emphasizing their role in enhancing postoperative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the ongoing prevalence of the emerging variant and global vaccination efforts, the optimal surgical timing for patients with resectable lung cancer in the Omicron-dominant period requires further investigation. Methods: This prospective multicenter study involved patients who underwent radical surgery for lung cancer between January 29, 2023 and March 31, 2023. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and surgery. The main outcomes evaluated were 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity. Results: A total of 2081 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 1837 patients (88.3%) had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis before surgery. Notably, no instances of 30-day mortality were observed in any patient. Patients without prior infection had a 30-day morbidity rate of 15.2%, with postoperative pneumonia occurring in 7.0% of cases. In contrast, patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 before surgery had significantly higher rates of 30-day morbidity and postoperative pneumonia when surgery was performed within 4–5 weeks (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% CI):2.18 (1.29–3.71) and 2.39 (1.21–4.79), respectively) or within 6–7 weeks (aOR (95% CI):2.07 (1.36–3.20) and 2.10 (1.20–3.85), respectively). Conversely, surgeries performed ≥ 8 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis exhibited similar risks of 30-day morbidity and pneumonia compared to those in the no prior infection group (aOR (95% CI):1.13 (0.77–1.70) and 1.12 (0.67–1.99), respectively). Conclusions: Thoracic surgery for lung cancer conducted 4–7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still associated with an increased risk of 30-day morbidity in the Omicron-dominant period. Therefore, surgeons should carefully assess the individual risks and benefits to formulate an optimal surgical strategy for patients with lung cancer with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical intervention for unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures is common, but delayed management and complications can impact outcomes. This study compares perioperative outcomes between patients directly admitted and those transferred from another facility for thoracolumbar spine surgery, aiming to identify predictors of complications and mortality. A multicenter retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2011 to 2021 identified 61,626 patients undergoing fusion surgeries for thoracolumbar spine fractures, excluding spinal cord injury or pathological fractures. Patients were categorized as Direct (admitted from the emergency department) and Transfer (transferred from another facility). Perioperative outcomes, including operative time, length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality, and complications, were compared. Our patient population (54.3% female, mean age 62.4 ± 12.9 years) comprised 12.2% Transfer and 87.8% Direct patients. Following propensity score matching, Transfer patients had a longer hospital LOS (5.1 ± 5.7 days vs. 4.5 ± 4.6 days, P < 0.001). Transfer exhibited higher rates of superficial incisional surgical site infection (1.7% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.003), sepsis (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.038), pneumonia (1.7% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.019), postoperative reintubation (0.9% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.036), and failure to wean off ventilator >48 hours postsurgery (0.7% vs. 0.3%, P = 0.005) compared to Direct admissions. Direct group had a higher rate of perioperative transfusion (16.5% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.001). Transfer patients also had a higher 30-day mortality rate compared to Direct admissions (1.1% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.002). Interhospital transfers significantly affect hospital LOS, postoperative morbidity, and mortality in thoracolumbar spine surgery. Enhancing postoperative monitoring for transfer patients is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery, which is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the association between cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood flow rate (BFR), and major adverse kidney events (MAKEs) at day 30. Retrospective single-center before–after observational study. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to CPB flow rates: a first group with an institutional protocol targeting a CPB-BFR of >2.2 L/min/m² (low CPB-BFR group), and a second group with a modified institutional protocol targeting a CPB-BFR of >2.4 L/min/m² (high CPB-BFR group). The primary outcome was MAKE at 30 days, defined as the composite of death, renal replacement therapy or persistent renal dysfunction. The data were collected from clinical routines in university hospital. Adult patients who underwent elective and urgent cardiac surgery without severe chronic renal failure, for whom CPB duration was ≥90 minutes. We included 533 patients (low CPB-BFR group, n = 270; high CPB-BFR group, n = 263). A significant decrease in MAKE at 30 days was observed in the high CPB-BFR group (3% v 8%; odds ratio [OR], 0.779; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.661-0.919; p < 0.001) mainly mediated by a lower 30-day mortality in the high CPB-BFR group (1% v 5%; OR, 0.697; 95% CI, 0.595-0.817; p = 0.001), as was renal replacement therapy (1% v 4%; OR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.604-0.904; p = 0.016). In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, increased CPB-BFR was associated with a decrease in MAKE at 30 days including mortality and renal replacement therapy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) methadone versus intrathecal morphine (ITM) within an Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERACS) pathway on postoperative pain and outcomes (length of hospital stay and postoperative complications) after cardiac surgery. Retrospective cohort study. Two tertiary academic medical institutions within the same health system. Eligible 289 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with an enhanced recovery pathway from January 2020 through July 2021. Patients were administered ITM (0.25 mg) or IV methadone (0.1 mg/kg) if ITM was contraindicated. All patients were enrolled in an ERACS pathway using current Enhanced Recovery After Surgery society guidelines. Primary outcome measures included postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption measured as oral morphine equivalents. We analyzed patient demographics, procedural factors, intraoperative medications, and outcomes. Adjusted linear mixed models were fit to analyze associations between intervention and pain outcomes. ITM was associated with decrease in pain scores on postoperative day 0 after adjusting for clinical variables (average marginal effect, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.977; p = 0.049). No difference in opioid consumption could be demonstrated between groups after adjusting for postoperative day and other variables of interest. ITM when compared with IV methadone was associated with a decrease in pain scores without any difference in opioid consumption after elective cardiac surgery. Methadone can be considered as a safe and effective alternative to ITM for ERACS protocols. Future large prospective studies are needed to validate this finding and further improve analgesia and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines the impact of surgical timing and suture materials on postoperative outcomes in penile fracture patients, particularly focusing on the development of penile curvature (PC). Specifically, it focuses on the role of delayed surgical intervention in the development of PC. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 patients treated for penile fractures between 2015 and 2024. Data on the time to surgery, suture materials, and postoperative complications such as PC were collected. Results: PC occurred in 27% of patients, with a significantly longer surgical delay in those with PC compared to those without. Suture material type (2-0 Prolene vs. 3-0 Vicryl) had no significant effect on PC or nodule formation. Conclusion: Delayed surgical intervention is associated with an increased risk of PC. Early surgery is recommended to reduce complications, while suture material does not influence outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs) are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional transvenous pacemakers (TVPs). This study aimed to systematically compare the postoperative outcomes of LCPs and TVPs based on available published studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature comparing outcomes from LCP and TVP implantations. Data analysis was performed using Stata/MP 17.0. The evaluated endpoints included pericardial effusion or perforation, puncture site events, infective endocarditis, lead or device dislodgement, pocket-related complications, tricuspid regurgitation or dysfunction, any infection, increased right ventricle (RV) pacing threshold, embolism, and thrombosis. Aggregated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for heterogeneity if I2 was >50% or p < 0.01, otherwise, the random-effects model was chosen. Publication bias was analyzed if the number studies exceeded ten. Results: The meta-analysis included 24 observational studies with 78,938 patients, comprising 24,191 with LCP implantation and 54,747 with TVP implantation. The results indicated a significantly lower incidence of lead or device dislodgment (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.91–5.77, p < 0.01), infective endocarditis (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 3.10–4.24, p < 0.01), and infection (OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.67–9.24, p < 0.01) in the LCP group compared to the TVP group. In contrast, incidences of puncture site complications (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.19–0.32, p < 0.01) and pericardial effusion or perforation (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.28–0.39, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the LCP group. Conclusions: Compared with TVP, LCP implantation is associated with a lower risk of infective endocarditis, lead or device dislodgment, infections, and pocket-related complications. However, LCP implantation carries a higher risk of puncture site complications and pericardial effusion or perforation. These findings underscore the need for careful consideration of patient-specific factors when choosing between LCP and TVP implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional assessment is important for optimization of patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Preoperative nutritional intervention is a potentially modifiable optimization target, but the outcomes of such intervention are not well-studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of nutritional interventions on elective TJA outcomes. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized to perform a systematic review of the Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library systems. Included studies were comprised of patients greater than 18 years of age undergoing a primary unilateral TJA who received a perioperative dietitian-led intervention. Data analyzed included nutritional intervention protocol, patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), postoperative labs and complications, among others. Our initial search identified a total of 1766 articles. Four studies representing 5006 patients met inclusion criteria. The studies utilized a protein-dominant diet, with or without a carbohydrate solution accompanied by dietitian assessment or education. The 4 studies found that the intervention group had significantly decreased LOS, fewer albumin infusions, less wound drainage, lower rates of hypocalcemia and hypokalemia, reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) values, improved time out of bed, and decreased overall costs. The findings support the potential benefits of perioperative dietitian-led intervention on key outcomes for patients undergoing primary TJA. Surgeons should consider nutritional intervention in their preoperative optimization protocols. Future studies could help elucidate the optimum nutritional regimens and monitoring for idealized intervention and surgical timing. CRD4202338494. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Splenectomy indications are well documented; however, several infectious complications and potentially life-threatening conditions could arise after splenectomy. We aim to describe a 20-year single-center experience of postoperative outcomes after splenectomy and perform a subgroup analysis according to approach and surgical setting with a 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year follow-up. Study design A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2003 and 2023. We included all patients aged 18 years and older who underwent splenectomy. A description of clinical and operative variables with infectious outcomes was performed. Subgroup analyses were performed between open or laparoscopic approach and surgical setting. Results A total of 134 patients were included. Female patients constituted 52.99% (n = 71) of cases, with a mean age of 51.01 ± 20.79 years. The most frequent surgical indication for splenectomy was trauma in 31.34% (n = 42), and a laparoscopic approach was indicated in 41.79% (n = 56). Overwhelming post-splenectomy syndrome (OPSI) was evidenced in 2.24% (n = 3) of the population. Surgical characteristics such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and intensive care requirement and unit length of stay were higher in open and trauma patients. Conclusion Our data describe the demographic, clinical and operative characteristics of patients undergoing splenectomy in Colombia, providing a solid basis for future research. The results obtained on overwhelming postsplenectomy syndrome (OPSI) and postoperative complications are comparable with those reported in the international literature, reinforcing the validity of our findings. Further prospective studies in this population are needed to optimize management strategies and improve clinical outcomes, particularly in higher risk subgroups.

Abstract Background There are various frailty assessment tools in the world, and the application choice of frailty assessment tools for the elderly perioperative population varies. It remains unclear which frailty assessment tool is more suitable for the perioperative population in China. To validate the Perioperative Frailty Index (FI-32) derived from the Chinese Hospital Information System by investigating the impact of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes, and ascertain the diagnostic value of FI-32 for predicting postoperative complications through comparing with the FRAIL scale and the modified Frailty Index (mFI-11). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Elderly patients who were 60 years or older and underwent selective operation were included. The FI-32, FRAIL scale, and mFI-11 were assessed. Demographic, surgical variables and outcome variables were extracted from medical records. The data of readmission and mortality within 30 days and 90 days of surgery were ascertained by Telephone follow-up by professionally trained researchers. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between frailty and complications. Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were used to compare FI-32 with mFI-11 and FRAIL, to explore the predictive ability of frailty. Results 335 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, and among them, 201 (60.0%) were females, and the Median(P 25, P 75)age at surgery was 69 (65,74) years. The prevalence of frailty in the study population was 16.4% (assessed by FI-32). After adjusting for concomitant variables including demographic characteristics (such as gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, average monthly income and educational level) and surgical factors (such as surgical approach, surgical site, anesthesia method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and intraoperative fluid intake), there was a statistically significant association between frailty and the development of postoperative complication after surgery (OR = 3.051, 95% CI:1.460–6.378, P = 0.003). There were also significant differences in mortality within 30 days of surgery, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the hospitalization costs. FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 showed a moderate predictive ability for postoperative complications, the Area Under Curves (AUCs) were 0.582, 0.566 and 0.531, respectively. With adjusting concomitant variables associated with postoperative complications, the AUCs of FI-32, FRAIL and mFI-11 in the adjusted prediction models were 0.824, 0.827 and 0.820 respectively. Conclusions The FI-32 has a predictive effect on postoperative adverse outcomes in elderly Chinese patients. Compared to FRAIL and mFI-11, the FI-32 had the same ability to predict postoperative complications, and FI-32 can be extracted directly from HIS, which greatly saves the time for clinical medical staff to evaluate perioperative frailty.

Background: Identification of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) among patients receiving total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) may allow for the design and implementation of tailored pain interventions to address the negative impact on postoperative outcomes and quality of life. This analysis sought to determine if Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures could be used to estimate HICP status following TSA. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a cohort of patients (n = 227) who received a TSA at a single, academic medical center, of whom 25 (11.5%) met HICP status postoperatively. Generalized linear models estimated HICP from each PROMIS measure of physical function, pain interference, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and dyspnea individually, then in a combined model. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using receiver operator characteristic curves to assess accuracy of each PROMIS measure to estimate HICP status for patients receiving TSA. Results: Bivariate generalized linear models and mean difference analyses revealed individuals with HICP had worse PROMIS scores in every included domain (all P values < .01). Only pain interference (AUC = 0.964) and physical function (AUC = 0.907) PROMIS measures met criteria (AUC > 0.850) to accurately predict HICP. A pain interference score ≥58.3 and/or a physical function score ≤41.2 could be used to estimate HICP from PROMIS measures in this cohort. Conclusion: Two PROMIS measures commonly administered in orthopedic surgery settings, physical function and pain interference, can be used to estimate HICP for patients receiving TSA. Further application and evaluation of these cutoff scores can be used to assist in refining assessment of outcomes for patients receiving TSA.

Background and objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical condition associated with higher rates of overall and cardiovascular mortality. There is scarce evidence regarding the impact of MetS on surgical and functional outcomes for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for clinically localized small renal masses (SRMs). Methods: We analyzed data from a prospectively maintained institutional database for 690 patients with cT1a renal cancer undergoing PN between 2000 and 2023 at a tertiary referral center. MetS was defined according to international guidelines. Cumulative incidence curves were used to estimate the 5-yr risk of stage IIIB–V chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and other-cause mortality (OCM). Multivariable regression models were used to analyze the impact of MetS on the risk of complications, acute kidney injury (AKI), stage IIIB–V CKD, and OCM. Key findings and limitations: Overall, 10% of the PN cohort had MetS. The MetS group was older (median age 70 yr, interquartile range [IQR] 65–74 vs 61 yr, IQR 50–69; p

Abstract Background With the ongoing prevalence of the emerging variant and global vaccination efforts, the optimal surgical timing for patients with resectable lung cancer in the Omicron-dominant period requires further investigation. Methods This prospective multicenter study involved patients who underwent radical surgery for lung cancer between January 29, 2023 and March 31, 2023. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and surgery. The main outcomes evaluated were 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity. Results A total of 2081 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 1837 patients (88.3%) had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis before surgery. Notably, no instances of 30-day mortality were observed in any patient. Patients without prior infection had a 30-day morbidity rate of 15.2%, with postoperative pneumonia occurring in 7.0% of cases. In contrast, patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 before surgery had significantly higher rates of 30-day morbidity and postoperative pneumonia when surgery was performed within 4–5 weeks (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% CI):2.18 (1.29–3.71) and 2.39 (1.21–4.79), respectively) or within 6–7 weeks (aOR (95% CI):2.07 (1.36–3.20) and 2.10 (1.20–3.85), respectively). Conversely, surgeries performed ≥ 8 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis exhibited similar risks of 30-day morbidity and pneumonia compared to those in the no prior infection group (aOR (95% CI):1.13 (0.77–1.70) and 1.12 (0.67–1.99), respectively). Conclusions Thoracic surgery for lung cancer conducted 4–7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still associated with an increased risk of 30-day morbidity in the Omicron-dominant period. Therefore, surgeons should carefully assess the individual risks and benefits to formulate an optimal surgical strategy for patients with lung cancer with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher incidence of major surgery. No studies have evaluated the association between preoperative kidney function and postoperative outcomes across a wide spectrum of procedures. We aimed to evaluate the association between CKD and 30-day postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties. Methods We selected adult patients undergoing surgery across eight specialties. The primary study endpoint was major complications, defined as death, unplanned reoperation, cardiac complication, or stroke within 30 days following surgery. Secondary outcomes included Clavien-Dindo high-grade complications, as well as cardiac, pulmonary, infectious, and thromboembolic complications. Multivariable regression was performed to evaluate the association between CKD and 30-day postoperative complications, adjusted for baseline characteristics, surgical specialty, and operative time. Results In total, 1,912,682 patients were included. The odds of major complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.07, 2.21]), death (aOR 3.03 [95% CI: 2.88, 3.19]), unplanned reoperation (aOR 1.57 [95% CI: 1.51, 1.64]), cardiac complication (aOR 3.51 [95% CI: 3.25, 3.80]), and stroke (aOR 1.89 [95% CI: 1.64, 2.17]) were greater for patients with CKD stage 5 vs. stage 1. A similar pattern was observed for the secondary endpoints. Conclusion This population-based study demonstrates the negative impact of CKD on operative outcomes across a diverse range of procedures and patients.

Abstract Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a critical procedure for patients with aortic valve diseases. This study compares the effectiveness of three minimally-invasive surgical approaches for AVR: totally thoracoscopic (TT), right anterior mini-thoracotomy, and upper mini-sternotomy. We analyzed retrospective data from 130 patients who underwent one of these surgeries, focusing on various factors such as duration of hospital stay, operation time, times for cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, postoperative complications, levels of cardiac biomarkers, pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale, and mid-term survival rates. Results show that while the TT method had the longest operation times, it also had the shortest hospital stays and faster pain reduction post-surgery. Although the TT group initially showed higher cardiac biomarker levels after surgery, these levels normalized by the third day, similar to the other groups. There were no significant differences in mid-term survival and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) rates among the groups. These findings suggest that the TT method, despite longer surgical times, offers a quicker initial recovery, making it a viable option for AVR.

Abstract Background The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the AIKNEE system in preoperative planning and intraoperative alignment for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 64 patients were planned preoperatively by the AIKNEE system, including the measurement of mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) using three-dimensional reconstructed images. Intraoperatively, the actual prosthesis size and alignment were compared to the planned parameters. Postoperative outcomes, including pain levels, range of motion (ROM), and Knee Scoring System (KSS) scores, were assessed after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between alignment deviations and postoperative function. Results The AIKNEE system accurately predicted the prosthesis size in thirty-one of femoral cases (48%) and forty-seven of tibial cases (73%). Deviations of mFTA, LDFA, and MPTA from the target value were within 3° in 88%, 92%, and 95% of cases, respectively. A significant improvement was observed in postoperative pain, ROM, and KSS scores (p

Abstract Introduction The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a six-parameter model that is commonly used in assessing individual 30-day perioperative cardiovascular risk before general surgery, but its use in patients on chronic kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is unvalidated. This study aimed to externally validate RCRI in this patient group over a 15-year period. Methods Data linkage was used between the the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry and jurisdictional hospital admisisons data across Australia and New Zealand to identify all incident and prevalent patients on chronic KRT between 2000 and 2015 who underwent elective abdominal surgery. Chronic KRT was categorised as haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), home haemodialysis (HHD) and kidney transplant. The outcome of interest was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) which was defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, non-fatal cardiac arrest and cardiovascular mortality at 30 days. Logistic regression was used with the RCRI score included as a continuous variable to estimate discrimination by area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Calibration was evaluated using a calibration plot. Clinical utility was assessed using a decision curve analysis to determine the net benefit. Results A total of 5094 elective surgeries were undertaken, and MACE occurred in 153 individuals (3.0%). Overall, RCRI had poor discrimination in patients on chronic KRT undergoing elective surgery (AUROC 0.67), particularly in patients aged greater than 65 years (AUROC 0.591). A calibration plot showed that RCRI overestimated risk of MACE. The expected-to-observed outcome ratio was 6.0, 5.1 and 2.5 for those with RCRI scores of 1, 2 and ≥ 3, respectively. Discrimination was moderate in patients under 65 years and in kidney transplant recipients, with AUROC values of 0.740 and 0.718, respectively. Overestimation was common but less so for kidney transplant recipients. Decision curve analysis showed that there was no net benefit of using the tool in neither the overall cohort nor patients under 65 years, but a slight benefit associated with threshold probability > 5.5% in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusions The RCRI tool performed poorly and overestimated risk in patients on chronic dialysis, potentially misinforming patients and clinicians about the risk of elective surgery. Further research is needed to define a more comprehensive means of estimating risk in this unique population.

Background: Elbow arthroscopy has defined indications for which technical pearls and outcomes have been described. However, other aspects of the postoperative course, such as postprocedural emergency department (ED) visits, have received less attention. The current study defined the incidence and factors associated with ED visits in the 90 days following elbow arthroscopy by leveraging a large, national, multiinsurance, administrative database. Methods: Adult patients who underwent elective elbow arthroscopy were identified in the 2010 to Q1 2022 PearlDiver Mariner161 national administrative database. Those who visited the ED in the 90 days following surgery were identified and compared to those who did not based on age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, geographic region of the United States, and insurance type by multivariate analyses. The timing (weeks following surgery), reasons for ED visit (elbow-related or not), and ED-to-hospital admission (presence or absence) were also assessed. Finally, the rate of those who were admitted during an ED visit was described. Results: A total of 16,310 elbow arthroscopy patients were identified, of which ED visits in the 90 days following surgery were noted for 1086 (6.7%). ED visits were independently associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.23 [1.17, 1.29] per decade decrease), higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (OR [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.19, 1.23] per 1-point increase), different geographic region (OR [95% CI]: 1.42 [1.19, 1.71] for Midwest relative to West), and insurance (OR [95% CI]: 1.88 [1.48, 2.39] for Medicaid relative to Commercial) (P

Background: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) primarily affects older individuals with diminished physiological reserves. The Modified 5-Item Frailty Index (mFI-5) is a novel risk stratification tool proposed to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to validate the mFI-5 for predicting surgical outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC. Methods: Our retrospective PDAC database included patients who underwent PD between 2014 and 2023. Patients were stratified by mFI-5 scores (0 best − 5 worst), which assess preoperative CHF, diabetes mellitus, history of COPD or pneumonia, functional health status, and hypertension requiring medication. Associations between mFI-5 scores and outcomes, including postoperative complications and mortality, were analyzed using logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Among 250 PDAC patients undergoing PD, 142 (56.8%) had mFI-5 scores ≤ 1, and 25 (10%) had scores ≥ 3. No patients had scores > 4. Higher mFI-5 scores correlated with older age (p < 0.001) and tobacco use (p = 0.036). Multivariate analysis identified age (RR 1.02, p = 0.038), ASA class (ASA III; RR 2.61, p < 0.001; ASA IV; RR 2.63, p = 0.026), and moderate alcohol consumption (RR 0.56, p = 0.038) as frailty predictors. An mFI-5 score > 2 independently associated with higher mortality (HR 2.08, p = 0.026). Median overall survival was significantly lower for patients with mFI-5 scores > 2 than for those with scores ≤ 2 (21.3 vs. 42.1 months, p = 0.022). Conclusions: The mFI-5 is a valuable tool for predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in PDAC patients undergoing PD. Integrating frailty assessment into preoperative evaluations can enhance patient selection and surgical outcomes. Future research should focus on incorporating frailty assessments into surgical planning and patient management to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher incidence of major surgery. No studies have evaluated the association between preoperative kidney function and postoperative outcomes across a wide spectrum of procedures. We aimed to evaluate the association between CKD and 30-day postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties. Methods: We selected adult patients undergoing surgery across eight specialties. The primary study endpoint was major complications, defined as death, unplanned reoperation, cardiac complication, or stroke within 30 days following surgery. Secondary outcomes included Clavien-Dindo high-grade complications, as well as cardiac, pulmonary, infectious, and thromboembolic complications. Multivariable regression was performed to evaluate the association between CKD and 30-day postoperative complications, adjusted for baseline characteristics, surgical specialty, and operative time. Results: In total, 1,912,682 patients were included. The odds of major complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.07, 2.21]), death (aOR 3.03 [95% CI: 2.88, 3.19]), unplanned reoperation (aOR 1.57 [95% CI: 1.51, 1.64]), cardiac complication (aOR 3.51 [95% CI: 3.25, 3.80]), and stroke (aOR 1.89 [95% CI: 1.64, 2.17]) were greater for patients with CKD stage 5 vs. stage 1. A similar pattern was observed for the secondary endpoints. Conclusion: This population-based study demonstrates the negative impact of CKD on operative outcomes across a diverse range of procedures and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced surgical practices, with SARS-CoV-2 variants presenting unique pathologic profiles and potential impacts on perioperative outcomes. This study explores associations between Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and surgical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database, which included patients who underwent selected major inpatient surgeries within eight weeks post–SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2020 to April 2023. The viral variant was determined by the predominant strain at the time of the patient's infection. Multivariable logistic regression models explored the association between viral variants, COVID-19 severity, and 30-d major morbidity or mortality. The study included 10,617 surgical patients with preoperative COVID-19, infected by the Alpha (4456), Delta (1539), and Omicron (4622) variants. Patients infected with Omicron had the highest vaccination rates, most mild disease, and lowest 30-d morbidity and mortality rates. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that Omicron was linked to a reduced likelihood of adverse outcomes compared to Alpha, while Delta showed odds comparable to Alpha. Inclusion of COVID-19 severity in the model rendered the odds of major morbidity or mortality equal across all three variants. Our study examines the associations between the clinical and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and surgical outcomes. As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, this research supports COVID-19–related surgical policy that assesses the severity of disease to estimate surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lumbar spinal fusion surgeries are increasingly being performed in spinal degenerative disease, often accompanied by perioperative opioid prescriptions. The aim of this study is to analyze prolonged postoperative opioid use following a standardized opioid prescription after single-level lumbar spinal fusion surgery in a Belgian population. Methods: This prospective, multicentric observational study included patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative disease. A standardized postoperative opioid protocol (Targinact 2 × 10 mg/5 mg, Paracetamol 4 × 1 g and Ibuprofen 3 × 600 mg) was applied uniformly. Prolonged opioid use was defined as continued opioid use six months after surgery. Patient data were collected using the Back-App®. Results: Among 198 participants, 32.8% continued opioid use six months post-surgery, with 8% utilizing strong opioids. Prolonged opioid use correlated with lower pre-operative back pain. Patients with prolonged opioid use and strong opioid use at six months show less improvement in disability compared to patients without prolonged opioid use. Moreover, patients with prolonged strong opioid use tend to have lesser improvement of the low back pain. The odds for prolonged opioid use decrease with the increase of the improvement in ODI. Conclusion: 1 in 3 patients undergoing single-level lumbar spinal fusion surgery is at risk for prolonged opioid use. The study underscores the importance of tailored pain management strategies, particularly given the rising prevalence of spinal fusion surgeries. The association between pre-operative low back pain, post-operative improvement in functionality (ODI), and prolonged opioid use emphasizes the need for judicious opioid prescribing practices and highlights the role of functional outcomes in treatment goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valgus knee deformities pose a unique challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to the complexity of achieving ligamentous balance and satisfactory alignment compared to varus or neutral deformities. Robotic-assisted (RA) TKA could aid in achieving improved component alignment and balance. We retrospectively evaluated a matched cohort of patients to compare image-free RA-TKA (n = 44) versus conventional manual (CM) TKA (n = 30) techniques in patients who have valgus deformity of 5 to 15 degrees, including radiographic and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) over a 3-year period. The patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) studied to determine outcomes were: Western Ontario McMaster University Arthritis Index, Knee Society Score-Function Score, and Short Form 12-item Survey. Overall, the RA-TKA cohort showed faster improvement in PROMs (37.16 ± 1 8.8 versus 25.74 ± 17.7, P =.02), shorter length of stay (1.41 versus 2.29 days, P =.02), and shorter operating room times (120.79 versus 123.67 minutes, P =.02) than CM-TK). Additionally, there was no difference in the use of primary versus varus-valgus constrained polyethylene liners between the cohorts. In this investigation, RA-TKA yielded a slightly faster patient recovery, more objective measurements of ligamentous balance, and proved noninferior PROMs compared to CM-TKA for preoperative valgus knee deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marfan syndrome is a rare inherited connective tissue disease, which may be present in patients who have advanced hip pathologies that may require total hip arthroplasty (THA). The postoperative course of patients who have Marfan syndrome following THA has not yet been defined. Adult patients who have and do not have Marfan syndrome and underwent THA were identified in a national database. Patients diagnosed who had infection, trauma, or neoplasms within the 90 days prior to surgery were excluded. Those who have versus those who did not have Marfan syndrome were matched 1:10 based on age, sex, and a comorbidity index. After matching, 144 patients who have Marfan syndrome and 1,440 who do not have Marfan syndrome were identified. The 90-day postoperative adverse events and 5-year revisions were assessed and compared with multivariable analyses and log rank tests, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that Marfan syndrome was independently associated with greater odds of 90-day adverse events: venous thromboembolic events (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9, P =.001), cardiac events (OR: 4.5, P =.034), pneumonia (OR: 3.5, P <.001), and urinary tract infections (OR: 5.2, P <.001). There was no significant difference in 5-year rates of revision. Following THA, Marfan syndrome was independently associated with greater rates of several 90-day adverse events, but not higher 5-year rates of revision. The identified at-risk adverse events may help guide surgeons to improve perioperative care pathways, while having confidence regarding joint survival of THA in this rare disease population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We sought to characterize postoperative outcomes among patients who underwent an oncologic operation relative to whether the treating surgeon was an international medical graduate (IMG) versus a United States medical graduate (USMG). Background: IMGs comprise approximately one quarter of the physician workforce in the United States. Methods: The 100% Medicare Standard Analytic Files were utilized to extract data on patients with breast, lung, hepato-pancreatobiliary (HPB), and colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection between 2014 and 2020. Entropy balancing and multivariable regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between postoperative outcomes among USMG and IMG surgeons. Results: Among 285,930 beneficiaries, 242,914 (85.0%) and 43,016 (15.0%) underwent surgery by a USMG or IMG surgeon, respectively. Overall, 129,576 (45.3%) individuals were male, and 168,848 (59.1%) patients had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score >2. Notably, IMG surgeons were more likely to care for racial/ethnic minority patients (14.7% vs 12.5%) and individuals with a high social vulnerability index (33.3% vs 32.1%) (all P<0.001). On multivariable analysis after entropy balancing, patients treated by an IMG surgeon were less likely to experience adverse postoperative outcomes, including 90-day readmission [odds ratio (OR) 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99] and index complications (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.95) versus USMG surgeons (all P<0.05). Patients treated by IMG versus USMG surgeons had no difference in likelihood to achieve a textbook outcome (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.21; P=0.077). Conclusions: Postoperative outcomes among patients treated by IMG surgeons were roughly equivalent to those of USMG surgeons. In addition, IMG surgeons were more likely to care for patients with multiple comorbidities and individuals from vulnerable communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic surgery (MS) is effective in improving renal parameters for individuals with obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite recognized benefits, concerns linger about the perioperative safety of patients with CKD undergoing MS. This study aimed to identify the CKD stage associated with the most significant increase in postoperative complications. The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database (2017–2021) was used to identify patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric sleeve (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Propensity matching was used to quantify the risk for adverse outcomes associated with progressive CKD stage. In total, 688,583 patients (483,898 without CKD and 204,685 with CKD stages I-V) were examined. Endpoints included length of stay (LOS) >5 days, infection, serious complications, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and death. Both SG and RYGB exhibited a linear increase in risk of infection and death. For SG, patients who were stage IIIa/IIIb demonstrated the greatest risk for LOS >5 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.05–1.45); P =.011), serious complications (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.87–4.30; P <.001), and MACE (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.81–4.37; P <.001). For RYGB, patients who were stage IIIa/IIIb the exhibited greatest risk of MACE (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.06–2.62; P =.027). Although it is generally accepted that worsening CKD correlates with greater surgical risk, this analysis identified CKD stage III as a major inflection point for risk of LOS >5 days, serious complications, and MACE. These findings are useful for counseling and procedure selection and suggest a need for heightened attention to CKD stage III patients undergoing MS. • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIa/IIIB patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have the highest risk of length of stay >5 days, serious complications, and MACE events. • Patients with CKD stage IIIa/IIIb undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have the highest risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to lesser CKD stages. • There is a linear increase in risk of death for patients with CKD for both the SG and RYGB groups. • Although patients with CKD show increased perioperative complications to those without CKD, numerous studies have shown the long-term benefits of metabolic surgery in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic surgery is becoming increasingly popular in bariatric-metabolic surgery. However, its superiority regarding postoperative outcomes compared with conventional laparoscopy has not been clearly proven. With growing adoption of robotic surgery and improved technologies, benefits should become more evident. Evaluate readmission and reoperation rates after bariatric-metabolic surgery performed by conventional laparoscopy versus robotic-assisted from 2015 to 2021. Academic institution. The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) was reviewed for primary bariatric operations performed with conventional laparoscopy versus robotic-assisted. Postoperative outcomes were compared in a propensity score-matched sample. Of 1,059,348 cases meeting inclusion criteria, 921,322 (87%) were conventional laparoscopic bariatric-metabolic surgeries, which were matched 1:1 with robotic-assisted cases (138,026). Reoperation (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.15, P =.0463), postoperative morbidity (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.12, P =.0193), readmission (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09–1.18, P <.0001), and emergency department visits (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03–1.09, P =.0003) at 30 days postoperatively were significantly greater for robotic-assisted cases. Robotic-assisted cases had a similar mortality rate at 30 days postoperatively and length of stay >3 days when compared with conventional laparoscopic cases. Similar results were observed in cases from 2020 to 2021, except for reoperation and emergency department visits, which showed no difference between groups and length of stay >3 days, which was greater in robotic-assisted cases. Our results show a greater readmission and reoperation rate and greater morbidity at 30 days postoperatively in robotic-assisted bariatric-metabolic surgery compared with conventional laparoscopy. Analyzing only cases performed between 2020 and 2021, robotic surgery also does not show superiority over conventional laparoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking has been strongly associated with poor healing and worse outcomes following various joint arthroplasties, including worse functional measurements and increased complication rates. While smoking is associated with adverse events and complications in shoulder arthroplasty, the role of smoking in functional measurements and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) remains to be fully characterized. Institutional electronic medical records were used to study patients who underwent primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and reverse TSA (rTSA) between 2009 and 2020 with at least 2 years of follow-up. Patients were called to obtain PROs. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts, by tobacco smoking status: current, former, and never smokers. Among 498 patients who underwent TSA, 280 were aTSAs and 218 were rTSAs. Within aTSAs, 28 patients were classified as current, 99 as former, and 153 as never smokers. In rTSAs, 20 were current, 68 were former, and 130 were never smokers. Current smokers were younger at the time of surgery than former and never smokers in both aTSA (current: 58.8 ± 8.5; former: 63.9 ± 9.2; never: 62.8 ± 9.0 years; P =.031) and rTSA (current: 59.0 ± 6.8; former: 68.5 ± 7.2; never: 69.0 ± 9.0 years; P <.001). Furthermore, current smokers experienced lower 5-year implant survival in aTSA (current: 84.3%; former: 98.8%; never: 95.0%; P =.015) and rTSA (current: 82.4%; former: 94.5%; never: 94.1%; P =.004). No differences were found among the 3 cohorts for preoperative range of motion (ROM) and strength, or postoperative ROM and strength in the aTSA cohort. rTSA preoperative measurements demonstrated no differences in ROM and strength, and only postoperative forward elevation strength and external rotation strength were found to be different. PROs were found to be of similar magnitude for all patients in the aTSA and rTSA groups. The findings of this study indicate that current smokers exhibited a higher likelihood of necessitating TSA at a younger age and had higher implant failure rates. However, functional measurements were only marginally affected by smoking status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to examine the impact of antibiotic and other drug allergies on the incidence of complications and revisions following shoulder arthroplasty (SA). Our hypothesis posits that patients with antibiotics or other drug allergies will have a higher rate of complications and revision surgeries following SA. All data collection involved utilizing the PearlDiver national database and Current Procedural Terminology code 23472 to identify individuals who had undergone primary anatomic or reverse SA within the period of 1/1/2010-10/31/2021. The initial population was categorized into three groups: patients with antibiotic allergies, patients with other drug allergies, and patients with no reported drug allergies. The two allergy groups were examined against the nonallergy group to draw comparisons concerning surgical complications, medical complications, and revision surgeries. The evaluation of complications took place at the 30 day and 90 day postoperative time points, while revisions were assessed at the 30 day, 1 year, 3 year, 5 year, and 10 year postoperative time points. This database study identified 153,384 patients (10,106 with antibiotic allergies, 16,982 with other drug allergies, and 126,296 with no allergies) who had received SA. Compared to patients without allergies, patients in both allergy cohorts were more likely to require revision surgery across all analyzed time points (P <.001). Patients with antibiotic allergies experienced higher rates of surgical site infections (SSI) (30 days: 1.0% vs. 0.8%, odds ratio 1.25 [95% confidence interval 1.02-1.53], P =.04; 90 days: 1.3% vs. 1.1%, 1.26 [1.06-1.51], P =.011) and prosthetic joint infections (30 days: 0.6% vs. 0.2%, 2.57 [2.06-3.27], P <.001; 90 days: 0.9% vs. 0.3%, 2.60 [2.06-3.27], P <.001) at both time points. Patients with allergies to other drugs were more likely to develop prosthetic joint infection (30 days: 0.6% vs. 0.2%, 2.57 [2.06-3.21], P <.001; 90 days: 0.8% vs. 0.3%, 2.51 [2.08-3.04], P <.001), but there was no statistical difference in SSI rates compared to patients without allergies (30 days: 0.9% vs. 0.8%, 1.10 [0.93-1.31], P =.279; 90 days: 1.2% vs. 1.1%, 1.16 [1.00-1.34], P =.055). Patients with antibiotic and other drug allergies demonstrated a higher likelihood of requiring revision surgery after undergoing SA. Patients with antibiotic allergies displayed an increased susceptibility to all complications analyzed apart from bleeding, while patients with other drug allergies displayed an increased susceptibility to all complications except for SSIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with renal insufficiency are more prone to postoperative complications (PCs). Studies have shown that minor changes in serum creatinine (SCr), immediately post-surgery, can aid in assessing patients' renal function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the changes in SCr and PCs in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods: We prospectively collected data regarding the SCr of 530 GC patients, within 2 weeks before surgery and within 24 hours after surgery in our hospital (2014-2016). The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of SCr change after surgery: reduced (<10%), normal (10%), and elevated (>10%) creatinine groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to evaluate its correlation with short-term PCs in the patients. The R language was used to construct a nomogram. Results: 83, 217, and 230 patients were assigned to the elevated, reduced, and normal SCr groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the reduced and elevated SCr groups were independently associated with the occurrence of PCs and severe postoperative complications (SPCs), respectively. Additionally, postsurgical SCr change, age, hypoalbuminemia, total gastrectomy, combined resection, and laparoscopy, were independently related to PCs. Combining the above influential factors, the predictive model can distinguish patients with PCs more reliably (c-index is 0.715). Conclusion: Post-surgery, reduced SCr is a protective factor for PCs, while elevated serum creatinine is an independent risk factor for SPCs. Our nomogram can identify GC patients with high risks of PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of globalization and advancing clinical knowledge, there is a paradigm shift from a single patient care sector to a multidisciplinary-collaborated health care team. In pursuit of favorable postoperative outcomes, reduced length of hospital stay, minimized complications and morbidity, and accelerated recovery, prehabilitation strategies assume a prominent role following preoperative assessment. Fundamental to prehabilitation are physical activity, nutrition, and psychological interventions, aimed at enhancing preoperative functional reserve through expert-designed program sessions spanning various specialties. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) serves as an intra- and postoperative strategy to facilitate the smooth return of patients to their baseline status postoperation by mitigating surgical stress. Integrating prehabilitation into ERAS protocols holds promise for optimizing postoperative outcomes. Protocols for prehabilitation across diverse patient groups have been proposed, paving the way for the routine incorporation of prehabilitation into patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 30‐day readmission rate provides a standardised quantitative evaluation of some postoperative complications. It is widely used worldwide in many medical and surgical specialities, and the World Health Organization recommends its use for monitoring healthcare system performance. In ophthalmology, its measurement is biased by the frequent and close planned surgery on one eye and then the other, particularly in the case of cataract surgery. This study measures the 30‐day unplanned readmission rate in ophthalmology, globally and by surgery subtype, and describes the causes of readmission. Methods: All patients readmitted within 30 days of ophthalmic surgery at Nantes University Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were identified in the Medical Information System. An ophthalmologist examined each medical record and collected the following data: the reason for readmission, comorbidities, the pathology treated, surgery type, surgery duration, the surgeon's experience, anaesthesia type, severity and readmission morbidity. Results: For the 8522 ophthalmic surgeries performed in the four‐year study period, 282 30‐day unplanned readmissions were identified. The overall 30‐day unplanned readmission rate was 2.07% for elective surgery, with a high variability depending on the surgery type: 0.95% for phacoemulsification, 4.95% for vitreoretinal surgery (3.42% for non‐elective vitreoretinal surgery, 5.44% for retinal detachment surgery), 5.66% for deep lamellar keratoplasty and 11.90% for trabeculectomy. The unplanned 30‐day readmission rate for ocular trauma surgery (emergency care) was 11.0%. Seven percent of all unplanned 30‐day readmissions were not associated with an ophthalmological problem. Conclusions: This study is the first to report 30‐day unplanned readmission in ophthalmology, globally and by surgical subtype, for elective and urgent procedures. This indicator can be used longitudinally to detect an increase in risk or transversely to compare the quality of care between different public or private hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the possible advantages of using green tea extract supplementation to enhance postoperative outcomes after urological surgery. The study comprised a total of 280 patients who underwent different urological procedures. These patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group, which received green tea supplementation, and the control group, which received routine perioperative care without green tea supplementation. Postoperative outcomes, including pain scores, quality of life, complications, and inflammatory biomarker levels, were evaluated at various time intervals. The findings indicated that patients who received green tea supplementation experienced significantly reduced pain levels and improved quality of life scores compared to the control group, especially during the initial period following surgery and up to four weeks after that. Moreover, a subgroup analysis showed that green tea supplementation had varying impacts on different types of urological procedures. Notably, patients who underwent prostate surgery experienced the most significant advantages, with marked improvements in pain reduction, faster recovery times, and lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers compared to those undergoing other types of urological surgeries. The intervention group exhibited lower levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha than the control group at all postoperative time points. These levels were compared to the preoperative levels, demonstrating a substantial decrease in the intervention group following the surgery. The data indicates that green tea extract may positively affect postoperative recovery and overall outcomes in urological surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess race as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after surgical fixation of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures for African American and Asian American patients compared with White patients. The 2011–2021 American College of Surgeons - National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) dataset was used to identify patients undergoing fusion surgeries for thoracolumbar spine fractures. Patient comorbidity burden was assessed using a modified 5-item frailty index score (mFI-5). Chi-squared and ANOVA tests were used to compare baseline clinical characteristics between groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to compare African American and Asian American patients with White patients controlling for age, BMI, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. African American patients experienced longer operative times compared to Asian American and White patients (3.74 ± 1.87 hours vs. 3.04 ± 1.71 hours and 3.48 ± 1.81 hours, P < 0.001). African American and Asian American patients demonstrated higher comorbidity burden with mFI-5>2 compared to White patients (30.7% and 25.6% vs. 19.9%, P < 0.001). African American and Asian American patients had a higher risk of postoperative complications than White patients (22.4% and 20% vs. 19.7%, P < 0.001). African American race was an independent risk factor of postoperative 30-day morbidity (OR 1.19, CI 1.11–1.28, P < 0.001). African American and Asian American patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion surgeries exhibit disproportionate comorbidity burden, longer LOS, and greater postoperative complications compared with White patients. Furthermore, the African American race was associated with an increased rate of 30-day postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the association between emergent surgery status and systemic adverse outcomes in patients undergoing open orbital floor blowout fracture repair. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the 2005–2018 National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify cases with open treatment of orbital floor blowout fractures (21385, 21386, 21387, 21390, 21395). Demographics, comorbidities, and complication incidences were compared between patients undergoing emergent surgery and those undergoing non-emergent orbital blowout fracture repair using chi-square analyses. The independent effect of preoperative emergent status on adverse outcomes was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: 1,146 (96.0%) non-emergent and 48 (4.0%) emergent orbital blowout fracture repairs were identified from 2005 to 2018. Chi-square analysis indicated patients undergoing emergent repairs had higher incidences of preoperative wound infection (8.3% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.029) and systemic sepsis (8.3% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.001). The emergent cohort had a higher proportion of patients with Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.011). Unadjusted chi-square analysis indicated the emergent cohort had a higher incidence of prolonged length of stay (50.1% vs. 10.1%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression analysis indicated emergent status was an independent risk factor for prolonged length of stay (OR 13.05; 95% CI 5.26–32.37; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Emergent surgery status is an important factor associated with increased odds of prolonged length of stay in patients undergoing open orbital blowout fracture repair. Précis: This national database analysis evaluated over 1000 orbital blowout fractures cases and ascertained that emergent status of orbital blowout fracture repair outcomes is generally not associated with systemic complications in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine the association between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, interval from infection to surgery, and adverse surgical outcomes. Summary Background Data: Earlier series have reported worse outcomes for surgery after COVID-19 illness, and these findings have led to routinely deferring surgery seven weeks after infection. Methods: We created a retrospective cohort of patients from the US Veterans Health Administration facilities nationwide, April 2020 to September 2022, undergoing surgical procedures. Primary outcomes were 90-day all-cause mortality and 30-day complications. Within surgical procedure groupings, SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected patients were matched in a 1:4 ratio. We categorized patients by 2-week intervals from SARS-CoV-2 positive test to surgery. Hierarchical multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between infection to surgery interval versus no infection and primary end points. Results: We identified 82,815 veterans undergoing eligible operations (33% general, 27% orthopedic, 13% urologic, 9% vascular), of whom 16,563 (20%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection before surgery. The multivariable models demonstrated an association between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased 90-day mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.86) and complications (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.57) only for patients having surgery within 14 days of infection. ASA-stratified multivariable models showed that the associations between increased 90-day mortality (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.75) and complications (OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.24) for patients having surgery within 14 days of infection were confined to those with ASA 4-5. Conclusions: In a contemporary surgical cohort, patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection only had increased postoperative mortality or complications when they had surgery within 14 days after the positive test. These findings support revising timing recommendations between surgery and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revision shoulder arthroplasty (SA) is a surgical procedure performed to address complications or failures of primary total SA. However, limited evidence exists regarding the functional outcomes and longevity of implants following revision. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent revision SA for failed primary arthroplasty at a single institution between 2009 and 2021 with a minimum of 2-years follow-up. Data was collected from medical records, including type of arthroplasty (anatomic total SA [TSA], reverse total SA [RSA], or hemi-SA [HSA]), demographics and patient-specific information, functional measurements, and implant survival. Patient reported outcomes were obtained during follow-up by phone. The mean age at index and revision surgeries was 60.5 ± 12.1 years and 64.8 ± 11.1 years, respectively, and average total follow-up was 5.5 ± 3.5 years. The average time to revision was 4.5 ± 5.2 years (range 0.01–24.5 years). Among 99 revision shoulder arthroplasty procedures, 28 were TSA/HA to TSA/HA, 51 were TSA/HA to RSA, 18 were RSA to RSA, and 2 were RSA to HA. Revision surgery significantly improved functional outcomes in forward elevation (preoperative: 79.8 ± 41.0 vs postoperative: 118.5 ± 38.3; p < 0.001), external rotation (preoperative: 27.8 ± 19.3 vs postoperative: 34.3 ± 16.2; p = 0.028), internal rotation (preoperative: glute vs postoperative: S1; p = 0.002), and forward elevation strength (preoperative: 4+/5 vs postoperative: 5/5; p = 0.002). Postoperative patient reported outcomes included: VAS pain (2.2 ± 2.9), SANE (72.6 ± 21.5), ASES (73.3 ± 20.4), and SST (7.7 ± 2.8) scores. The overall 2-, 5-, and 10-year post-revision implant survival rate was 85.48%, 83.06%, and 79.84%, respectively. Patients who had an initial RSA and were revised to RSA were at higher risk of implant failure and subsequent re-revision (RSA to RSA: 1.5 ± 2.5 years vs. TSA/HA to RSA: 2.5 ± 2.1 years vs. TSA/HA to TSA/HA: 4.0 ± 3.5 years; p = 0.0046) Revision shoulder arthroplasty improved patient outcomes post-index arthroplasty failure. Revisions were more likely to be successful when revising from TSA/HA to RSA. Level III – retrospective comparative study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major global health concern. However, the optimum timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in AMI patients remains controversial. This study investigated the optimal timing of CABG and its impact on postoperative outcomes. We hypothesized that determining the optimal timing of CABG could positively impact postoperative outcomes. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database, focusing on 1 705 843 adult AMI patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 who underwent CABG within 1 year of diagnosis. Patients were categorized based on CABG timing. Primary endpoints included cohort identification and the time interval from AMI diagnosis to CABG. Secondary endpoints encompassed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and the impact of postoperative medications. Results: Of the patients, 20 172 underwent CABG. Surgery within 24 h of AMI diagnosis demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, reducing cardiac death, myocardial infarction recurrence, and target vessel revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days also outperformed surgery within 1–2 days post‐AMI. Additionally, postoperative aspirin use was associated with improved MACCE outcomes. Conclusion: CABG within 24 h of AMI diagnosis was associated with significantly minimized myocardial injury, emphasizing the critical role of rapid revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days related to better outcomes compared with that of surgery within 1–2 days. These findings provide evidence‐based recommendations for optimizing CABG timing in AMI patients, consequentially reducing morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New persistent opioid use (NPOU) after surgery has been identified as a common complication. This study sought to assess the long-term health outcomes among patients who experienced NPOU after gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for hepato-pancreato-biliary and colorectal cancer between 2007 and 2019 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked database. Mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of mortality and hospital visits related to falls, respiratory events, or pain symptoms. Results: Among 15,456 patients who underwent GI cancer surgery, 967(6.6%) experienced NPOU. Notably, the patients at risk for the development of NPOU were those with a history of substance abuse (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.84), moderate social vulnerability (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50), an advanced disease stage (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 3.51–5.82), or perioperative opioid use (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 2.59–3.63. After control for competing risk factors, patients who experienced NPOU were more likely to visit a hospital for falls, respiratory events, or pain symptoms (OR, 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78). Moreover, patients who experienced NPOU had a greater risk of death at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.74–2.66). Conclusion: Approximately 1 in 15 patients experienced NPOU after GI cancer surgery. NPOU was associated with an increased risk of subsequent hospital visits and higher mortality. Targeted interventions for individuals at higher risk for NPOU after surgery should be used to help mitigate the harmful effects of NPOU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]