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【Objective】The experiment was carried out to study the effects of potassium magnesium sulfate (PMS) on sow performance, plasma biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity and immune function in late pregnancy.【Method】By using simple factor design of the experiment, sixty sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with 3-4 parity, good health and similar expected delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy (85th day of pregnancy) were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 replicates in each group and 1 sow in each replicate). The experimental groups during gestation were supplemented with PMS 0 (CK), 5, 10 and 15 g/d for each sow, respectively. After delivery, all sows during lactation were fed the same commercial lactation feed. The experiment ended on the 18th day of lactation.【Result】(1) Supplemental PMS had no significant effects on litter size, healthy litter size, back fat thickness, labor, body weight, feed intake in sows during lactation, and newborn weight of piglets, number of weaned piglets and number of deaths of lactating piglets. Compared with the control group, the fecal score of sows during late pregnancy after PMS supplementation showed a linear increase (Plinear < 0.05) and 10 g/d group had significant effects (PANOVA < 0.05); After supplementation with PMS, it showed a linear increase (Plinear < 0.05) in newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets (PANOVA < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets in the 10 g/d group were increased by 16.27%, 24.42%, 35.14% and 31.64%. Except for newborn litter weight, all other indicators showed quadratic effect (PQuadratic < 0.05) and significant differences were found between groups (PANOVA < 0.05); (2) It showed a linear increase in the contents of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and insulin (INS) in plasma of sows supplemented with PMS (Plinear < 0.05). The contents of TG, CHO, LDL and INS in the 10 g/d group increased by 50.00%, 28.35%, 25.00% and 31.98% compared with the control group; TG and LDL had a quadratic effect (PQuadratic < 0.05). (3) Linear changes were found in contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (Plinear < 0.05) in the plasma of sows after supplementation with PMS, and they were increased by 17.10%, 20.34%, 8.00% and 15.04% in the 10 g/d group, compared with the control group. (4) It showed a linear increase (PANOVA < 0.05) in fat content of colostrum of sow with PMS supplementation (Plinear < 0.05), with significant increase. Non-fat milk solids, lactose and protein were linearly increased (Plinear < 0.05) and had an increasing trend (0.05 < PANOVA < 0.1). The fat content of colostrum supplemented with 10 g/d were increased by 51.42% compared with the control group.【Conclusion】PMS supplementation in late preganancy can significantly improve the fecal scores of sows, relieve sow constipation, and improve sow performance and body health, with 10 g/d supplementation as the optimal dose.

【Objective】The experiment was carried out to study the effects of potassium magnesium sulfate (PMS) on sow performance, plasma biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity and immune function in late pregnancy. 【Method】By using simple factor design of the experiment, sixty sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with 3-4 parity, good health and similar expected delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy (85th day of pregnancy) were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 replicates in each group and 1 sow in each replicate). The experimental groups during gestation were supplemented with PMS 0 (CK), 5, 10 and 15 g/d for each sow, respectively. After delivery, all sows during lactation were fed the same commercial lactation feed. The experiment ended on the 18th day of lactation.【Result】(1) Supplemental PMS had no significant effects on litter size, healthy litter size, back fat thickness, labor, body weight, feed intake in sows during lactation, and newborn weight of piglets, number of weaned piglets and number of deaths of lactating piglets. Compared with the control group, the fecal score of sows during late pregnancy after PMS supplementation showed a linear increase (Plinear＜ 0.05) and 10 g/d group had significant effects (PANOVA＜ 0.05); After supplementation with PMS, it showed a linear increase (Plinear＜ 0.05) in newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets (PANOVA ＜ 0.05). Compared with the control group, the newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets in the 10 g/d group were increased by 16.27%, 24.42%, 35.14% and 31.64%. Except for newborn litter weight, all other indicators showed quadratic effect (PQuadratic ＜ 0.05) and significant differences were found between groups (PANOVA ＜ 0.05) ; (2) It showed a linear increase in the contents of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and insulin (INS) in plasma of sows supplemented with PMS (Plinear＜ 0.05). The contents of TG, CHO, LDL and INS in the 10 g/d group increased by 50.00%, 28.35%, 25.00% and 31.98% compared with the control group; TG and LDL had a quadratic effect (PQuadratic ＜ 0.05). (3) Linear changes were found in contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (Plinear＜ 0.05) in the plasma of sows after supplementation with PMS, and they were increased by 17.10%, 20.34%, 8.00% and 15.04% in the 10 g/d group, compared with the control group. (4) It showed a linear increase (PANOVA ＜ 0.05) in fat content of colostrum of sow with PMS supplementation (Plinear＜ 0.05), with significant increase. Non-fat milk solids, lactose and protein were linearly increased (Plinear＜ 0.05) and had an increasing trend (0.05 ＜ PANOVA ＜ 0.1). The fat content of colostrum supplemented with 10 g/d were increased by 51.42% compared with the control group. 【Conclusion】 PMS supplementation in late preganancy can significantly improve the fecal scores of sows, relieve sow constipation, and improve sow performance and body health, with 10 g/d supplementation as the optimal dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison with the previous structure determination of K2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3(H2O)2, dipotassium trimagnesium di­hydroxide tris­(sulfate) dihydrate, from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data [Kubel & Cabaret-Lampin (2013). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 639, 1782–1786], the present redetermination against CCD single-crystal data has allowed for the modelling of all non-H atoms with anisotropic displacement parameters. As well as higher accuracy and precision in terms of bond lengths and angles, the clear localization of the H-atom positions leads also to a reasonable hydrogen-bonding scheme for this hy­droxy hydrate. The structure consists of (100) sheets composed of corner- and edge-sharing [MgO6] octa­hedra and sulfate tetra­hedra. Adjacent sheets are linked by the potassium cations and a hydrogen bond of medium strength involving the water mol­ecule. The title compound is isotypic with its CoII and MnII analogues: the three K2M3(OH)2(SO4)3(H2O)2 (M = Mg, Co, Mn) structures are qu­anti­tatively compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Magnesite was selected for thermochemical activation and decomposition of K-feldspar raw material. • New phases were analyzed quantitatively. • A new method of processing alum obtained from synnyrite is proposed. This article is devoted to the study of deep processing of synnyrite, a potassium-rich aluminosilicate raw material of the Kalyumnoye deposit of the Synnyr alkalic rock massif (the Republic of Buryatia, Russia) to produce valuable agricultural (potassium magnesium sulfate) and technical (magnesium aluminate spinel) products. The study demonstrated the promise of this method of processing synnyrite, based on thermochemical activation of the original ore with magnesite instead of limestone, followed by sulfuric acid leaching. This approach significantly reduces the cost of the thermochemical process and provides an additional useful product MgSO 4 ·6H 2 O, which recuperates the initial magnesium additive and minimizes solid waste generation. This paper also presents a new method of processing alum KAl(SO 4) 2 obtained from synnyrite, based on sintering with potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 and brucite Mg(OH) 2 (or magnesium oxide) to produce potassium magnesium sulfate K 2 Mg(SO 4) 2 and magnesium aluminate spinel MgAl 2 O 4. The samples were characterized by DSC, chemical analysis, and XRD using the Rietveld method in TOPAS 4.2 software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison with the previous structure determination of K 2 Mg 3 (OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 , dipotassium trimagnesium di-hydroxide tris-(sulfate) dihydrate, from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data [Kubel & Cabaret-Lampin (2013 ▸). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 639 , 1782-1786], the present redetermination against CCD single-crystal data has allowed for the modelling of all non-H atoms with anisotropic displacement parameters. As well as higher accuracy and precision in terms of bond lengths and angles, the clear localization of the H-atom positions leads also to a reasonable hydrogen-bonding scheme for this hy-droxy hydrate. The structure consists of (100) sheets composed of corner- and edge-sharing [MgO 6 ] octa-hedra and sulfate tetra-hedra. Adjacent sheets are linked by the potassium cations and a hydrogen bond of medium strength involving the water mol-ecule. The title compound is isotypic with its Co II and Mn II analogues: the three K 2 M 3 (OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ( M = Mg, Co, Mn) structures are qu-anti-tatively compared., (© Matthias Weil 2021.)