Search

Potato is the third most important food crop in the world in terms of adaptability, yield potential, and nutritional advantages. This study aimed to conduct potato breeding work for cultivation in Kazakhstan; potato breeding for further processing into chips with cultivation in the northern regions; and the selection of potatoes for processing into frozen French fries with cultivation in the southern and south-eastern regions. Potato varieties (Fontane, Santana, and Punchy) were used as reference varieties to check molecular markers linked to maturity, tuber shape, and flesh color. A total of 42 potato breeding lines crossed from Yagodnyi 19 and CIP clone 397079-6 were used in this study to identify prospective breeding lines. The research was carried out between 2023 and 2024 and under greenhouse conditions. According to the results of molecular analysis and phenotypic data, 21 breeding lines were identified as prospective potato breeding lines. The majority of these potato breeding lines had a round tuber shape and were recommended for chip processing. Three breeding lines had a long oval tuber shape, making them suitable for French fries. Six breeding lines with short-oval and oval tuber shapes were found for consumer potato processing. It is recommended that the breeding process and studies of biochemical properties are continued in all of these identified potato breeding lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are starchy tuberous crops that represent the world's fourth most important crop. According to the "Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations," 376 million metric tonnes of potatoes were produced globally in 2021. It is anticipated that around 8000 kilotons of potato peel waste might be generated in 2030, with related greenhouse gas emissions of 5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Waste generated throughout the food supply chain, from potato farms to forks, contributes considerably to global warming. Apart from animal feed, technical processes in the potato processing industry generate waste organic residues with high amounts of bioactive compounds and carbohydrates, and thus extraction and bioconversion processes can produce high-value products. These include the isolation of functional ingredients for the formulation of nutraceuticals and pharma products, bioenergy-related products, enzymes, and fertilizers for the market, hence contributing to a more responsible production and consumption and, overall, circular economy. This review focuses on studies involving potato waste from industries such as pulp, processed water, peels, and mash showing the great prospects of the by-products from this crop for value-added supply chains and the reduction of undesired environmental effects. This work attempts to adhere upon several Sustainable Development Goals, specifically goals 7, 12, and 13, while also contributing to long-term growth targets and reducing negative environmental consequences produced by the food sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen commonly grown potato varieties in Meghalaya, consisting of nine local and six commercial varieties, were screened for their susceptibility against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Based on four parameters, oviposition preference, feeding preference, percentage of survival and number of mines, the varieties were categorised into highly susceptible (HS), moderately susceptible (MS), slightly susceptible (SS), and slightly resistant (SR). Among the 15 varieties, two varieties, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Megha, were highly susceptible (HS) and only one variety, Lah Ksain, was slightly resistant (SR) based on all the tested parameters. Number of eggs laid had a significantly positive correlation with number of eyes and number of mines. The varieties preferred for feeding had more mines compared to the less preferred ones as indicated by the high positive value of the correlation coefficient between penetrating larvae percentage and number of mines. Overall, the results indicated that the local varieties performed comparatively better than the commercial varieties in terms of the parameters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major challenges for potato producers is to maximize its yield and quality by properly managing the nitrogen fertilization. An experiment was conducted under North-Western Indian conditions during two consecutive years with two potato varieties, i.e. Kufri Surya and Kufri Sadabahar under five nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha) in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications. The results revealed that most of the growth parameters and NPK uptake by haulms were maximum at 300 kg/ha nitrogen level that was statistically at par with nitrogen level 225 kg/ha, while for yield parameters and NPK uptake by tubers, nitrogen level 225 kg/ha was the best with the highest value. It depicts that crop yield parameters are negatively affected by the nitrogen dose of above 225 kg/ha. So far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar was significantly better for all the noted growth and yield parameters as well as NPK uptake by tubers and haulms than the variety Kufri Surya. Regarding the soil fertility behaviour after harvest of the crop, higher left over nitrogen in soil was recorded for the highest applied nitrogen dose, whereas phosphorus and potassium left over in soil was recorded more where no nitrogen was applied (control plot), which was closely followed by 75 kg/ha nitrogen level. The results provide useful recommendations for the improvement of nitrogen fertilization rate for these two varieties in sub-tropical region of north western India in Haryana state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing potato cultivars is essential for diagnosing the specific production and management requirements. Employing techniques that facilitate rapid, objective, and cost-effective identification of various aspects of plant physiology is crucial for generating this valuable information. In this study, our goal was to identify different potato cultivars across three distinct phenological phases utilizing reflectance spectroscopy within the visible and near-infrared ranges. Reflectance spectra were measured using a portable spectrometer on leaves obtained from five different potato cultivars. We constructed classification models to determine the accurate classification percentages for each cultivar within specific phenological stages. General trends in the reflectance spectra were observed, which were consistent across all five cultivars within the measured range. During the vegetative phase, there was a uniform reflectance of around 5% in the green region. This value experienced a slight decrease during the flowering phase and subsequently rose to approximately 12% during the senescence phase. In the near-infrared (NIR) range, a reduction in reflectance from 50 to 30% was noted during the flowering phase, followed by a cultivar-dependent increase towards senescence. The specific wavelengths identified in the spectra enabled the accurate classification of plants from each cultivar across the vegetative, flowering, and senescence phases. The classification rates were notably high, with a success rate of 87% for Var. Paola, 96% for Var. Paysandú, 93% for Var. Violeta, and 100% for cv. 448 and 440. The Var. Paola exhibited superior correct classification rates, ranging from 85% for Paysandú and Violeta, 90% for cv. 440, to 100% for cv. 448. The characterization of potato cultivars using spectroscopy techniques yields valuable information that serves as fundamental input for precision agriculture systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato is one of Türkiye’s strategic crops regarding food and economic benefits. However, the need for well-adapted and productive varieties is a production problem for the country. Therefore, evaluating such varieties with high yield potential and suitable for local environmental conditions is essential. Thus, this study was conducted to select potato varieties with good agronomic characteristics suitable for high-altitude regions such as Erzurum province in 2022. In the study, 12 potato varieties, seven local (Bahar, Kaya, Kafkas, Petek, Taş, Ayaz, Deniz) and five fixed (Pomqueen, Alegria, Marabel, Agria, and Marfona) were used as plant material. It was established according to the "Randomized Blocks" experimental design with three replications. The study's results revealed that the cultivars significantly affected all the variables. The highest plant height was recorded in the Pomqueen (89.6 cm) and Kaya (85.5 cm) varieties, while Kaya had the highest number of stems per hill (6.1 pieces). Concerning yield and yield components, the highest number of tubers per hill was recorded in Ayaz (17.5 pieces), while the highest tuber yield per hill and total tuber yield were recorded in Petek (1287.1 g and 5251.5 kg da-1). This variety was followed by standard Alegria (4497.5 kg da-1) and local Kaya (4441.0 kg da-1) varieties in total tuber yield. Therefore, considering the yield potential, especially local Petek and Kaya and standard varieties Alegria and Marabel were promising and recommended to growers in regions with high altitudes and similar agroecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is the most important pest of potato in fields and warehouses in the world. Planting resistant potato varieties along with efficient cultural management strategies such as re-hilling and planting cover plants at the end of the season and prior to tuber harvesting can significantly minimise potato tuber infestation. An effective strategy for integrated pest management (IPM) may involve using an accurate forecasting method based on daily degree units of pests to identify the precise time of pest treatment. The current study examined the thermal units (degree-days) of potato tuber moth, on five potato varieties in the Ardabil area (Ardabil, Iran) during the potato growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. Moreover, five potato varieties were evaluated for their relative resistance to potato tuber moth (PTM) damage. The findings showed that PTM successfully completed two generations during the cropping season in the Ardabil area. The thermal requirements of the egg stage did not differ significantly among the potato varieties investigated. Significant difference was observed in the larval development time and its thermal needs between the five different potato varieties. In both years, the larva's thermal needs were clearly ranked in a descending order for Red Scarlet, Rona, Agria, Atousa, and Savalan varieties. The Red Scarlet variety had the lowest tuber infestation rate and the fewest larvae inside the tuber. Overall, the findings of this research can help with monitoring and forecasting P. operculella phenological occurrences, assisting in the timely implementation of management strategies in IPM programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. Potatoes are one of the most popular agricultural crops in Russia. The unique chemical composition characterizes potatoes as a valuable food product in the diet of the population. One of the important factors for increasing and stable potato yields is the selection of the optimal assortment for each region of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the varieties most adapted to local growing conditions should be used in production. The world potato collection allows solving various issues of modern breeding, such as: early maturity, resistance of tubers to various diseases, seed quality, adaptation to climatic stresses, history and systematics. The study and evaluation of new potato breeding varieties makes it possible to identify promising source material for the creation of future varieties suitable for cultivation in the northern regions of the country.The purpose of this study is to characterize the studied potato samples in extreme climate conditions.Material and methodology. In 2013-2023, 543 potato samples from the World Collection of VIR were studied at the experimental field of the Polar Experimental Station VIR branch according to the main biological and economically valuable characteristics. For a comprehensive assessment of the varieties according to the main economic and biological characteristics, phenological observations were carried out, the harvest was taken into account during early and final harvesting, including the structure of the crop. Visual assessment of diseases was carried out in the field and during storage. Starch was determined in the laboratory. All basic accounting is performed according to the VIR methodology.Results and discussion. Over the years, 15 potato varieties with the best characteristics of economically valuable traits have been identified. According to the results of the final harvest, 6 varieties had a stable harvest – Favorit, Meteor, Tekes, Severny, Gusar, Lingonberry. The yield of these varieties was 1034-1409 g/bush.

Potato is the third most important food crop in the world in terms of adaptability, yield potential, and nutritional advantages. This study aimed to conduct potato breeding work for cultivation in Kazakhstan; potato breeding for further processing into chips with cultivation in the northern regions; and the selection of potatoes for processing into frozen French fries with cultivation in the southern and south-eastern regions. Potato varieties (Fontane, Santana, and Punchy) were used as reference varieties to check molecular markers linked to maturity, tuber shape, and flesh color. A total of 42 potato breeding lines crossed from Yagodnyi 19 and CIP clone 397079-6 were used in this study to identify prospective breeding lines. The research was carried out between 2023 and 2024 and under greenhouse conditions. According to the results of molecular analysis and phenotypic data, 21 breeding lines were identified as prospective potato breeding lines. The majority of these potato breeding lines had a round tuber shape and were recommended for chip processing. Three breeding lines had a long oval tuber shape, making them suitable for French fries. Six breeding lines with short-oval and oval tuber shapes were found for consumer potato processing. It is recommended that the breeding process and studies of biochemical properties are continued in all of these identified potato breeding lines.

Field experiment was conducted at Assiut area during the recommended sowing season 2021 to evaluate the relative susceptibility of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties, Cara, Spunta and Burren to aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), jassid / leaf hopper, Emposca discipiens (Paoli), whitefly, Bemicia tabaci (Gennadius) and thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) infestation at three different nitrogen fertilization rates (60, 120 and 240 kg N/fed.). Results indicated that the varieties showed high significant differences in their susceptibility to certain piercing sucking insect pests. The infestation increased by increasing the rate of nitrogen. The highest numbers of aphis, jassid, whitefly and thrips were recorded at nitrogen level 240 kg/fed., where the populations were high at this rate as compared to the lower nitrogen rates, as well as control. In general, the rate of infestation of sucking pests was high in Cara cultivar at the double recommended nitrogen fertilization rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing soil salinity, late harvest of Aman rice, shorter cool weather duration, difficulties in crop establishment, shortage of fresh irrigation water and other factors contribute to low crop productivity in the coastal saline zone of Bangladesh during the Rabi season. An innovative technique for the saline regions is zero tillage potato cultivation using mulching. The low potato yield is still a disadvantage to the farmers in salty regions not using the best agronomic procedures for growing potatoes without tilling the soil. When growing zero tillage potatoes, proper spacing is crucial for both yield and quality. In order to find out the appropriate spacing at which the potato varieties should be planted in salty soil using the zero tillage technique, a field experiment was carried out in Tildanga, Dacope Upazila, Khulna in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, following the harvest of transplanted Aman rice. The experiment was designed using a factorial randomized complete block layout with three replications. The combination effect of 25 cm x 15 cm spacing with BARI Alu 41 produced the highest emergence (98.34%), crop growth rate (20.24 g m-2 d-1), maximum yield (20.30 t ha-1) and highest A size (28-40 mm) tubers (8.56 t ha-1) according to results from two years of experimentation. The maximum BCR (2.56) were was observed in the interaction effect of 25 cm x 15 cm spacing with BARI Alu 41. Therefore, in regions with high levels of salt, the zero tillage method may be suggested using close spacing (25 cm x 15 cm) and salt tolarent variety BARI Alu 41 for a higher potato production, economic considerations and to meet farmers' demands for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potato processing sector contributes immensely towards global food security. Growing urbanisation and consumers' shift to convenient ready-to-eat foods have led to tremendous growth in the Indian potato processing sector, particularly with French fries being one of the largest selling food items. India is the major producer of potato in the world, but only 7% of total produce is processed (compared to industrialised countries, this percentage is over 80). Recent trends in changing food consumption habits worldwide indicate that the Indian potato processing industry has potential scope for further expansion. The impediments to take forward the processing industry include technical factors (poor quality seed; lack of scientific knowledge for developing new varieties; impact of diseases like late blight) and natural resources (decreasing water tables, erratic rainfall and changing weather conditions). The major challenge confronting the industry lies is in the continuous supply of quality raw material. The review addresses the challenges and identifies aspects for improvement and development of sustainable potato processing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WATER scarcity is increasing in the world. There is a need to adopt irrigation management practices that can help to conserve water and sustain crop production in such water-limited areas. Potato productivity is generally influenced by irrigation water levels and irrigation systems, which depend on the soil type. In order to do so, the study aims to assess the vegetation and yield of potato varieties under a smart drip irrigation system to find out the best management of the irrigation scheduling for improving the growth and yield of potato crops. In this concern, two field experiments were conducted in two successive summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the experimental farm of the National Research Centre in El-Nubaria, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effects of four irrigation levels (120, 100, 80 and 60% ETc) under two drip irrigation systems (surface drip irrigation (SDI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI)) on three potato varieties (Spunta, Hermes and Cara). The results indicated that all the studied growth aspects were significantly increased with increasing the irrigation levels applied during both growing seasons, except water use efficiency (WUE) which significantly increased with decreasing irrigation level up to a certain limit. Also, the results showed that SSDI showed superior upon SDI with all vegetative, yield growth characteristics and WUE. Regarding the response of some potato varieties to irrigation systems and levels, results revealed that the highest value for an average tubers weight and yield /plant was recorded with Spunta followed by Cara and Hermes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: the potato crop in Nariño, presents a significant number of commercial varieties, but diverse phytosanitary problems like the pathogen R. solani Kühn, affect its production and yield. Knowledge gap: there is no information in the department of Nariño, about the attack of this phytopathogen to different potato genotypes. Purpose: the objective of this research was to determine the damage caused by black scurf [R. solani Kühn] on five commercial potato varieties in the department of Nariño. Methodology: in three potato producing municipalities of the department of Nariño [Ipiales, Pasto and Túquerres], using a Randomized Complete Block Design [with four replications and five treatments] were evaluated these variables: incidence on emergence and sprouting, incidence on harvest, and Commercial yield. Finally, it was carried out analysis of variance, using Tukey's comparison tests. Results and Conclusions: in the locality of Túquerres, the highest percentage of incidence in emergence and sprouting was obtained [36,04%], with statistical differences comparison to the localities of Pasto [30,70%] and Ipiales [31,98%]. For the harvest incidence variable, the Roja Huila genotype [in Túquerres] was the most affected, reaching an incidence percentage of 19,94%. Finally, in the evaluation of commercial Yield, the Superior genotype [in Pasto] presented the best performance, with an average of 22,37 t/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potato varieties in eastern Fujian were single, which was difficult to meet the diversified market demand. In order to screen out the excellent potato varieties suitable for being planted in eastern Fujian, ten potato varieties (lines) were introduced, and then the adaptability evaluation of their growth period, agronomic traits, tuber form, yield and disease occurrence was carried out with Holland 15 as the control group (CK). The results showed that; Among the tested varieties (lines), the yields of the nine varieties including Minshu No. 12, Minshu No. 5, Minshu No. 2, Quanshu No. 5, Mincaishu No. 4, Mincheng No. 2, Minlongshu No. 1, Minshu No. 9 and Shiyan No. 1 were all higher than CK, and the yield increasing rates were 45.9%, 34.2%, 28.6%, 23.6%, 22.9%, 22.2%, 18.4%, 12.7% and 11.6%, respectively, which all reached the significant level. And the four varieties with the lowest incidence of early blight disease, late blight detection and black shank disease were Minshu No. 2, Minshu No. 5, Mincheng No. 2 and Minshu No. 9. Through the comprehensive evaluation, the three varieties including Minshu No. 5, Minshu No. 2 and Mincheng No. 2 had high yield, low incidence and strong disease resistance, which were suitable to for the demonstration and cultivation promotion in Xiapu County, while the remaining varieties needed the further experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate essential oils from Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Allium sativum L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W.Watson, Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus schimperi Ronniger using four concentrations (l mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL) and three sprays against potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight disease. Two improved potato varieties were planted using randomized complete block design with factorial combinations in three replications. Analysis of disease incidence means at 53 and 60 days after planting showed highly significant differences between varieties and among sources of essential oils. Furthermore, the combined effect of essential oils and potato varieties on disease severity showed significant differences. Disease severity was maintained from 25% to 48% (Jalene); 13% to 30% (Gudene) with essential oils while it was maintained between 92% and 95% (Jalene); 37% to 38% (Gudene) for control plants. The lowest disease percentage of disease severity was obtained on plants treated with A. sativum for Jalene variety while on plants sprayed with C. macrostachyus, E. globulus and T. schimperi for Gudene variety. The lowest disease progress rate 0.198/day and 0.162/day as well as values of area under disease progress curve 228% days and 93% days were obtained for varieties Jalene and Gudene, respectively. Maximum reduction in mean disease severity was exhibited by garlic for varieties Jalene (28.3%) and Gudene (16.3%), as compared to the control (93.3% for Jalene and 37.5% for Gudene). Therefore, results indicated the potentials of essential oils to minimize effects of potato late blight disease. Communities involved in potato production could use the current results as base line information to find alternative management options for late blight disease which has no effect on human health and environment. However, further investigation is required on essential oils affordability and availability to farmers across different locations.

In this study, field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different doses of NPK on tuber yield on the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties such as Inovator, Gala, Aladin and Tyanshansky in foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan. Five different combinations of NPK with control were studied. Results revealed that the fertilizer application increased the total tuber yield, the longest plant, number of main stem, number of leaves plant and average tuber number on the potato significantly over control. The highest tuber yield was obtained when 25% more than the recommended fertilizer dose with manure was applied at all potato varieties. Aladin potato variety significantly yielded higher than the other varieties tested at the same time in this experiment.

The field experiment on identifying differences in the effect of the herbicide and foliar feeding of plants with liquid nitrogen fertilizer (UAN-32) against the background of autumn tillage with a cultivator or plow on potato yield and phytopathologic characteristics of tubers during storage was carried out in 2019-2020 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in production conditions on two varieties of potato ‒ the super-early Сolomba variety and the medium-early Innovator variety grown for seeds. The variants under study were surface application of the soil herbicide Gezagard in a tank mixture with UAN-32 and foliar feeding of plants with UAN-32 (N42) during the growing season against the background of N42P42K169 (calcium chloride in autumn + ammonium nitrate phosphate in spring). The results indicate that the background fertilization provides the yield of Colombа variety potato of 20.7-29.0 t/ha, the Innovator variety – 17.4-23.1 t/ha. The use of the herbicide is more effective during autumn tillage with a cultivator, providing an increase in yield of 28-37 % on both potato varieties, feeding of plants with UAN-32 contributes to an increase in yield (8-10 %) only on the Сolomba variety. Plowing the soil for potatoes helps to avoid the pest damage of tubers and to reduce their susceptibility to rhizoctonia by 6-27 %, to wet rot ‒ up to 55 %. In general, it has been established that due to autumn plowing with fertilization at a dose of N42P42K169, it is possible to obtain an increase in potato yield exceeding the increase provided both by herbicides and the use of foliar feeding of potatoes.

Copyright of Ziemniak Polski is the property of Instytutem Hodowli & Aklimatyzacji Roslin - Panstwowym Instytutem Badawczym and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ziemniak Polski is the property of Instytutem Hodowli & Aklimatyzacji Roslin - Panstwowym Instytutem Badawczym and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure on the productivity of potato tubers of domestic and foreign selection. In the studies conducted in 2017-2019 on leached chernozem under the conditions of the Penza region, it was found that when chicken manure and mineral fertilizers are applied, the yield and quality of tubers increases, which is directly related to the supply of plants with nutrients. The use of chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha allowed to increase the total yield of tubers of the studied varieties of potatoes by 22.6-29.5%, marketable tubers by 24.3-35.5% compared with the variant without fertilizers. The highest yields were observed in variants with the combined use of carbamide in a dose of N30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K60 and in variants with a combined use of ammophos at a dose N30P30K30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K30. The use of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha increases not only the productivity of potato tubers, but also the content of dry matter, starch and nitrates in the tubers, not exceeding the MAC value. The combined use of nitrogen-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with the addition of potassium sulfate at doses of K60 and K30 can improve the quality indicators of tubers for all studied varieties.

Marama root is known to be the major source of nutrition for the first settlers (the Herero, Tswana and Khoisan people) of Sub-Sahara Africa, but it is not yet domesticated. The potential of Marama (Tylosema esculentum) root in food and nutrition security may pave way for the domestication of the plant in Sub-Saharan Africa. Marama storage roots collected from two locations, Omipanda and Okomumbonde in Namibia were analysed and compared to commercial potato and waxy potato tuber as well as sweet potato root. Fresh weight (FW) marama roots had mean water content, crude protein, fat, ash, and starch content of about 866, 24, 2, 22, and 56 g/kg root, respectively. Marama root showed higher total soluble solids (4.3°) compared to potato, waxy potato and sweet potato. The swelling index (3 g/g) and water absorption capacity (1.5 g/g) of marama root were close to those of sweet potato, but lower than those of the potato and waxy potato. The soluble and insoluble dietary fibre of marama root (4.8, and 15%, db, respectively) were higher than those of the commercial potatoes; and the in vitro- starch digestibility of marama root was close to those of potatoes. Marama root has potential as prebiotic and its food value is similar to sweet potato in functional properties and nutritional composition. The high soluble solids of marama root can enhance the energy density of complimentary food, but will require compositing with high protein legume flour. There is a prospect of a protein-energy dense composite flour from a blend of the bean and root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different doses of NPK on tuber yield on the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties such as Inovator, Gala, Aladin and Tyanshansky in foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan. Five different combinations of NPK with control were studied. Results revealed that the fertilizer application increased the total tuber yield, the longest plant, number of main stem, number of leaves plant and average tuber number on the potato significantly over control. The highest tuber yield was obtained when 25% more than the recommended fertilizer dose with manure was applied at all potato varieties. Aladin potato variety significantly yielded higher than the other varieties tested at the same time in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great damage to potato production is caused by cyst nematodes, which include two species: Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens, the object of external quarantine, and Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, the object of internal quarantine in the Russian Federation. The breeding of varieties resistant to the G. rostochiensis has long been one of the priorities of Russian potato breeding, while a targeted search for sources of resistance to G. pallida in our country until recently was not actually carried out, since this pathogen was not detected in Russia, although it was traced in neighboring countries. The possibilities of selection of G. pallida-resistant genotypes using traditional phytopathological methods are extremely limited, so the information about the presence of markers of resistance genes to this pathogen in the domestic breeding gene pool is of particular importance.Here we present the results of molecular screening of 160 varieties bred in Russia and in adjacent countries from the collection of VIR for the presence of markers of Gpa2 gene, which provides resistance of potato varieties to G. pallida (Pa2/Pa3 pathotypes).It is shown that among 160 varieties of the analyzed subset 19 have a di­agnostic fragment of the allele-specific marker of the Gpa2 gene - Gpa2-2. These 19 varieties isolated in molecular screening simultaneously con­tained allele-specific markers of the Rxl gene controlling resistance to potato virus X (PVX).

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary) is the major constraint of potato production in Ethiopia. The field experiment was done at Meket district during 2018 cropping season, to determine appropriate spraying frequency combined with different levels of resistance variety. The experiment had 15 treatments with a combination of three potato varieties (Belete, Gudene, and Jalene) and five spraying frequencies (zero, one, two, three, and four times spray). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in factorial combination with three replications. The combination of potato varieties and spraying frequencies of Ridomil applications showed statistically significant on the disease, yield, and yield component parameters. The highest disease severity (84.76%) was obtained from untreated Jalene variety. The maximum tuber yield (29.62 t ha −1) was obtained from Belete variety sprayed with two-time spraying. Whereas the lowest tuber yield (12.93 t ha−1) was recorded from untreated Jalene variety. Moreover, the highest (1774.65%) marginal rate of return was obtained from Belete variety treated with one spray. Finally, it is concluded that for moderately resistance one spray, moderately susceptible two sprays and four sprays for susceptible varieties were found better management options and get the highest cost-benefit as compared with other treatment combinations.

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary) is the major constraint of potato production in Ethiopia. The field experiment was done at Meket district during 2018 cropping season, to determine appropriate spraying frequency combined with different levels of resistance variety. The experiment had 15 treatments with a combination of three potato varieties (Belete, Gudene, and Jalene) and five spraying frequencies (zero, one, two, three, and four times spray). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in factorial combination with three replications. The combination of potato varieties and spraying frequencies of Ridomil applications showed statistically significant on the disease, yield, and yield component parameters. The highest disease severity (84.76%) was obtained from untreated Jalene variety. The maximum tuber yield (29.62 t ha −1) was obtained from Belete variety sprayed with two-time spraying. Whereas the lowest tuber yield (12.93 t ha−1) was recorded from untreated Jalene variety. Moreover, the highest (1774.65%) marginal rate of return was obtained from Belete variety treated with one spray. Finally, it is concluded that for moderately resistance one spray, moderately susceptible two sprays and four sprays for susceptible varieties were found better management options and get the highest cost-benefit as compared with other treatment combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the data obtained during the assessment of potato varieties and breeding clones from the VIR and LENNIISKh (Belogorka) collections for late blight resistance. Tests were performed in the field under heavy infection of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (foliage) and in the laboratory (tubers). Varieties and clones with high and moderate leaf and/or tuber late blight resistance were identified. Leaf and tuber resistance in some varieties depended on the P. infestans population structure and on isolates used for inoculation.

This study was included testing sensitivity of 23 varieties of potatoes which cultivate in Iraq to the bacterial soft rot which caused by pectobacterium carotovorum and the effect of dry matters content starch and calcium the results showed that the variety Elmondo was the most sensitive to the infection with 17.783 moldy tissue/ml of water with significant differences on all the varieties followed by sifra variety 14.250 moldy tissue/water ml. the most resistant varieties were Amarin, Lady rossita without significant differences to Banba, Melanto, Diamond, Sinora, Labadia, Arezona, Hermis, Vogu, Elbida, Agria and Everest as well as, the variety lady rossita showed the highest content of dry matters content and starch 25.78 % and 19.34% respectively without significant differences to Hermis and Sinora, while Amarin showed the highest calcium content 1.590% without significant differences to Hermis 1.450% with significant differences comparing with all the other varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted in 2014-2016, on a farm located in western Poland. The aim was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium sulphate (SOP) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and B) on the content and accumulation of macroelements (N, K, Mg and S) in tubers at the stage of technological maturity. Two potato varieties tested in the experiment, Zorba and Hermes, are used to produce French fries and crisps, respectively. Analyses involved data from four trials, including the control where solely NPK fertilisation was applied. The other trials included: (I) double foliar treatment with SOP in the combined dose of 8.6 kg K ha-1; (II) double foliar treatment with micronutrients: 12 g Zn ha-1, 12 g Cu ha-1, 300 g Mn ha-1, and 500 g B ha-1, and (III) combined application of SOP and micronutrients on two scheduled terms. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design with four replicates for each potato variety. The experimental factor differentiated the content and uptake of macroelements, being largely controlled by changing weather conditions. Averaged across the three study years, values of nutrient accumulation in tubers showed that foliar fertilisation with potassium and micronutrients enhanced tuber K accumulation. The increase in tuber nutrient accumulation owing to foliar fertilisation was higher in the crisps variety compared to the French fries one. The regression analysis showed that the tuber yield was in 65-87% controlled by the accumulation of macroelements (N, K, Mg and S). Moreover, the protein content in both varieties was largely determined by the accumulation of macroelements in tubers, while significant relationships for the starch content were noted only in the case of the Zorba variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High starch content, simplicity of cultivation, and high productivity make potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) a staple in the diet of people around the world. On average, potatoes are composed of 83% water and 12% carbohydrates, and the remaining 4% includes proteins, vitamins, and other trace elements. These proportions vary depending on the type of potato and location where they were cultivated. At the same time, the chemical composition determines the nutritional value of potato tubers and can be proved using various wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. For instance, gravity measurements, as well as several different colorimetric assays, can be used to investigate the starch content. However, these approaches are indirect, often destructive, and time- and labor-consuming. This study reports on the use of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for completely non-invasive and non-destructive assessment of nutrient content of potato tubers. We also show that RS can be used to identify nine different potato varieties, as well as determine the origin of their cultivation. The portable nature of Raman-based identification of potato offers the possibility to perform such analysis directly upon potato harvesting to enable quick quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various siderate crops on the growth, development, yield formation, yield and seed quality of potato varieties, as well as soil fertility elements, and on their basis the selection of the best siderate and varieties, allowing to obtain a stable high healthy seed potato. In 2016-2019, studies were carried out on old-irrigated medium loamy typical gray-earth soils with a groundwater table of 5-7 m. The soils were characterized by favorable agrophysical properties and a low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and an average content of exchange potassium. We studied early ripe varieties Kuvonch-1656m, mid-early varieties Bahro-30, Sante and Kondor for the following summer and winter siderates - rapeseed, oil radish, barley, peas, mustard, and peas+oil radish. Winter plowing served as control. The highest biomass productivity (29,9-34,5 t/ha) was observed in summer and winter siderate crops - peas, rapeseed, oilseed radish and pea+oil radish. With these siderates, the proportion of macroaggregates (>0,25 mm) in the 0-30 cm layer was 1,6-8,6 (summer), 5,8-9,6% more (winter), and the bulk mass was 0,04- 0,07 g/cm3 lower in comparison with the control. After the best siderates (peas, rapeseed and peas + oil radish), the humus content in the arable layer increases by 0,01-0,02%, nitrate-nitrogen 7,40-10,05 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus 14,4-16,3 mg/kg, potassium exchange 10,36-21,10 mg/kg compared with the control. Potato planting after selected siderate crops the germination of seed tubers was 99,6-99,9% by variety, seedlings were accelerated by 2-6 days, and the growing season was extended by 4-8 days, the leaf surface area was 20,6- 21,7 thousand m2 more, the harvest of tubers from the bush is 206,0-223,7 g more than the control. At the same time, the highest yield of marketable (30,0-35,0 t/ha) and seed tubers (21,5-25,4 t/ha) with a reproduction ratio (6,5-7,7) was obtained. When planting seed tubers of the studied potato varieties grown after the best siderates (peas and peas + oil radish), it was found that the infection of plants with viruses decreased by 9,7-10,2% (in the explicit form), and in a latent form by 21,9 -22,2%. The proportion of degenerated tubers decreases by 3,0-3,4% and contributes to a healthy harvest of seed potatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress can seriously reduce the tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Early maturing cultivars are usually less affected by heat than late cultivars, which is explained by the avoidance of long exposure to summer temperatures due to the short growing time of early maturing cultivars. To determine whether there are other mechanisms involved in heat tolerance of early cultivars, we conducted correlation analysis between field earliness and growth performance of 50 potato cultivars under both heat-stressed (HS, day/night 35 °C/28 °C) and control conditions (CK, day/night 22 °C/18 °C). We classified the 50 cultivars into 8 scales of earliness and grouped them into early, intermediate and late groups based on the information on field plant maturity in Canada. We found that cultivars known to be early in the field grew similar to late cultivars under heat stress in the greenhouse in terms of traits evaluated, such as chlorophyll content and plant height. Compared with late cultivars, the early cultivars did not show any sign of early maturity under heat stress conditions. The HS/CK ratios of chlorophyll content, plant height, and largest tuber weight (tuber size) were all significantly greater in early cultivars than in late cultivars. Tuber size and field earliness were negatively correlated in CK but positively correlated under heat stress. Clearly, in addition to avoidance, other mechanisms (such as pleiotropic effects of earliness genes) were involved in the better performance of early cultivars under heat stress. These results indicated that the cultivars reprogramed their plant maturity and development under heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes methods for growing potatoes without synthetic chemical inputs. Includes discussions of soil fertility, pest control, seed sources and variety characteristics.

Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.

Aspidiotus nerii Bouche (Hemiptera, Diaspi-didae) is a polyphagous species and the host of many effective biological control agents. It has short generation time and produces on potato tubers easily. The oleander scale is commonly used at the mass production studies of many natural enemies. The most appropriate host plant selection to oleander scale is important for mass production studies. The life table is a good way to understand the population dynamic of an organism. In this study, the life table parameters of oleander scale on six potato varieties (Agria, Sante, Marabel, Granola, Vanba and Provento) were estimated by using the Euler-Lotka method at the climatic cabinets which have 25°C constant temperature, 60±5% relative humidity and 16:8 hours light-dark periods. The life table parameters were calculated as follows: intrinsic rate of increase (rm), 0.049 , 0.048, 0.045 , 0.034, 0.046 and 0.026 females/female/day, net reproductive rates (R2) 19.35, 18.52, 16.67, 8.31, 16.34 and 5.01 females/female, mean generation time (T0) 61.15, 60.72, 62.20, 62.79, 60.79 and 62.66 days, gross reproductive rate (GRR) 30.53, 23.90, 20.85, 10.66, 31.76 and 19.72, doubling time (T2) 14.31, 14.42, 15.32, 20.56, 15.08 and 26.96 days, finite rate of increase (λ) 1.05, 1.05, 1.05, 1.03, 1.05 and 1.03 females/days, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de la Papa (ALAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SELECTING the appropriate form of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the important limitation factors for potato yield and quality, which depends primarily on the availability and cost of fertilizers. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional N-fertilizer forms (urea "U", ammonium nitrate "AN" and ammonium sulphate "AS') with mixed fertilizers (six MF: as a mixture percent's of AS with U or AN of the added N) on growth, yield, quality, nutrients uptake, N use efficiency (NUE) and profitability of potatoes grown in clayey loam soils. Two field experiments were carried out at Batra, Talkha, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during successive seasons on two potato varieties (i.e., Spunta and Diamant). Treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Blocks Design with three replicates. The obtained results showed that mixed nitrogen fertilizers treatments enhanced plant growth, tuber yield, quality, nutrient uptake and NUE compared to sole application of conventional forms, with superiority of MF: 75%AN+25%AS, 50%AN+50%AS and 50%U+50%AS. The highest yield of dry matter and starch was obtained by adding MF of 50%AN+50%AS. However, the accumulation of NO3- in tuber is inversely proportional to dry matter; the highest content obtained with 100%Uea, but the lowest content obtained with MF of 25%AN+75%AS. The greatest percentage of NUE was obtained with MF of 50%AN+50%AS in both experiments. These results referred to the importance of AS application along with AN or U as a mixed fertilizer to maximize potato yield and quality, NUE and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]