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BACKGROUND: Despite the increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) among women living with HIV (WLHIV), CC screening and treatment (CCST) rates remain low in Africa. The integration of CCST services into established HIV programs in Africa can improve CC prevention and control. However, the paucity of evidence on effective implementation strategies (IS) has limited the success of integration in many countries. In this study, we seek to identify effective IS to enhance the integration of CCST services into existing HIV programs in Nigeria. METHODS: Our proposed study has formative and experimental activities across the four phases of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Through an implementation mapping conducted with stakeholders in the exploration phase, we identified a core package of IS (Core) and an enhanced package of IS (Core+) mostly selected from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change. In the preparation phase, we refined and tailored the Core and Core+ IS with the implementation resource teams for local appropriateness. In the implementation phase, we will conduct a cluster-randomized hybrid type III trial to assess the comparative effectiveness of Core versus Core+. HIV comprehensive treatment sites (k = 12) will be matched by region and randomized to Core or Core+ in the ratio of 1:1 stratified by region. In the sustainment phase, we will assess the sustainment of CCST at each site. The study outcomes will be assessed using RE-AIM: reach (screening rate), adoption (uptake of IS by study sites), IS fidelity (degree to which the IS occurred according to protocol), clinical intervention fidelity (delivery of CC screening, onsite treatment, and referral according to protocol), clinical effectiveness (posttreatment screen negative), and sustainment (continued integrated CCST service delivery). Additionally, we will descriptively explore potential mechanisms, including organizational readiness, implementation climate, CCST self-efficacy, and implementation intentions. DISCUSSION: The assessment of IS to increase CCST rates is consistent with the global plan of eliminating CC as a public health threat by 2030. Our study will identify a set of evidence-based IS for low-income settings to integrate evidence-based CCST interventions into routine HIV care in order to improve the health and life expectancy of WLHIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospectively registered on November 7, 2023, at ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT06128304. https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/study/NCT06128304.

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials have the advantages of high potential, high specific energy, and low cost, but poor structural stability and severe surface side reactions hinder their industrial applications. In this study, a series of LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xTixO4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) materials with monocrystal morphology are controllably synthesized using a solid-state method by replacing Mn with trace Ti atoms. XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, XPS, and electrochemical tests show that the phase component, structure, planes of the octahedral monocrystal, and Mn3+ ionic behavior can be effectively regulated to improve their cycle life and elevated-temperature stability. The optimized LiNi0.5Mn1.47Ti0.03O4 monocrystal cathode material possesses a disordered Fd-3m space group structure, a distinctive chamfered octahedral morphology with the {100} planes, a stable solid-electrolyte interphase film, and a fast Li+ ion/electron transport property. As a result, the material can release an initial discharge specific capacity of about 134.88 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with a coulombic efficiency of 89.4%, capacity retention of 79.5% after 1000 cycles at 25 ℃, and 80.0% after 200 cycles at 55 °C and 1 C and also good rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In healthy individuals, the majority of cortisol secretion occurs within several hours surrounding morning awakening. A highly studied component of this secretory period is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), the rapid increase in cortisol levels across the first 30 to 45 minutes after morning awakening. This strong cortisol burst at the start of the active phase has been proposed to be functional in preparing the organism for the challenges of the upcoming day. Here, we review evidence on key regulatory and functional processes of the CAR and develop an integrative model of its functional role. Specifically, we propose that, in healthy individuals, the CAR is closely regulated by an intricate dual-control system, which draws upon key circadian, environmental, and neurocognitive processes to best predict the daily need for cortisol-related action. Fine-tuned CAR expression, in turn, is then assumed to induce potent glucocorticoid action via rapid nongenomic and slower genomic pathways (eg, affecting circadian clock gene expression) to support and modulate daily activity through relevant metabolic, immunological, and neurocognitive systems. We propose that this concerted action is adaptive in mediating two main functions: a primary process to mobilize resources to meet activity-related demands and a secondary process to help the organism counterregulate adverse prior-day emotional experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium ferrite (CF) is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism, electrochemistry, catalysis, and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry, environmental engineering, and biomedicine. Therefore, the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized, and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed. Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials, the types and structures of the crystal are summarized. In addition, the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated. Moreover, the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail. Most importantly, the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed, and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified. Furthermore, the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Existing literature has emphasized the importance of certain skills vital for student nurses as they prepare for leadership and management roles before becoming registered nurses. This review aims to provide a more comprehensive insight into the essential leadership and management skills identified in previous research. The current study seeks to explore the leadership and management skills necessary to prepare student nurses for their roles in clinical settings. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies published in English were retrieved by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords 'student nurse', 'leadership skills', and 'management skills'. After conducting a one-month literature review using the selected keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we identified 394 citations. From these, fifteen articles were chosen for inclusion in the review. Selected studies primarily involved undergraduate and postgraduate student nurses from various countries. Results: Thematic analysis highlighted that communication skills are crucial for student nurses to become effective clinical leaders, leveraging their educational experiences. Mentorship plays a pivotal role in developing leadership and management skills. Workshops, training, and simulations are also recognized as important in preparing students for these roles. Moreover, self-awareness and understanding of personal skills were identified as critical for building confidence, fostering reflection, strategic planning, and making sound decisions. The literature also underscores the significance of resource management, conflict resolution, risk assessment, and prioritization skills for student nurses. Conclusion: The articles emphasize the importance of student nurses recognizing leadership and management skills before entering clinical practice. However, while various assessment tools and workshops exist to train these skills, the studies suggest that more time and resources are needed to effectively address students' learning needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness of university staff about preparations against disasters at the workplace, their level of preparedness against disasters at home and their level of self-efficacy against disasters. The second aim is to determine the relationship between these three variables. The third aim is to determine whether these three variables differ according to the independent variables. In this study, relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The population of the study consists of a total of 888 academic and administrative staff of Amasya University. The sample of the study consists of 268 academic and administrative staff who were reached by using convenient sampling method. The data were collected through a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, in which socio-demographic characteristics were asked and 3 scales were included. SPSS-22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package program was used for data analysis. As a result, it is seen that the awareness of Amasya University personnel about the measures taken and preparations made against disasters at the workplace is close to low, their preparation against disasters at home is low and their self-efficacy against disasters is at medium level. The relationship between these three variables was found to be positive. Although the scores obtained from the scales varied according to the scale, it was determined that the scores differed according to the variables of gender, age, disaster training status, having information about disasters and being aware of the emergency plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of biological phenolic resin (PF) with green recyclable biomaterials instead of phenol is a research hotspot for solving current resource and environmental problems. In this study, on the basis of introducing lignin into the phenolic system, daidzein of a renewable resource with a rigid structure was selected to modify lignin-based phenolic resin (LPF), and the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the modified phenolic resin under different substitution ratios was studied. The friction materials were prepared with a daidzein-modified lignin-based phenolic resin (D-LPF) as the matrix binder, and their effects on the mechanics and friction and wear properties of friction materials were investigated. The results show that when the proportion of daidzein replacing phenol is 12%, the highest Tp can reach 152.4 °C, and the Tg of the modified D-LPF resins is significantly higher than those of PF and LPF. The highest Ts of D-LPF is 203.3 °C, which is also significantly higher than those of PF and LPF (184.7 °C and 174.6 °C, respectively). The maximum carbon residue rate at 800 °C is 64.2% and is greatly improved compared with the 55.1% and 56.7% of PF and LPF. The bending strength and impact strength of D-LPF-matrix friction materials are obviously higher than those of PF- and LPF-matrix friction materials. The specific wear rate of D-LPF-matrix friction materials is 0.70 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, which is obviously lower than those of PF- and LPF-matrix friction materials and shows good applicational prospect as a matrix resin in friction materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive review of recent research on niosomes was conducted using a mixed methodology, including searches in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS). Articles were selected based on relevance. The current review examines the historical development of niosomes focusing on the methods of preparations and the contemporary strategies and prospective advancements within the realm of drug delivery systems, highlighting innovative approaches across transdermal, oral, and cellular delivery. This review reported the method of niosomes preparations including a new and novel approach for the preparation of niosomes known as the ball milling method (BM). This technique allows for the precise manipulation of size and shape, leading to improvements in drug release, encapsulation efficiency, and uniformity compared to traditional methods. Niosomes can serve as carriers for delivering various types of drugs, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic. This improves the efficiency of encapsulating different drugs, the size of targeted particles, and the desired zeta potential. This is achieved by using a specific charge-inducing agent for drug delivery and targeting specific diseases. These efforts are crucial for overcoming the current limitations and unlocking the full therapeutic potential of modern medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the source of life but due to the rapid expansion of the world population the dramatic increase in industrial water consumption and the further deterioration of environmental pollution in the last hundred years the world has presented different degrees of water crisis especially in the deserts and inland areas with limited infrastructure. The problem of water scarcity has posed a great threat to the basic survival of mankind so it is urgent to develop fog harvesting technology to alleviate the water shortage problem. Fog is formed when water vapour nears the ground and suspends as liquid water droplets during the cooler night to early morning hours to form fog. Fog containes 10-1 000 tiny droplets per cubic centimeter with sizes ranging from 1-50 μm and it accounts for 10 % of the freshwater resources in the world and considers to be an accessible freshwater resource. Therefore in environments such as deserts or mountains where freshwater is scarce but fog is abundant fog harvesting based on favourable terrain and temperature differences is an effective means of alleviating freshwater scarcity. Currently the wetting properties of fog collection materials include superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic ones. Water droplets tend to condense on the surface of the hydrophobic material and grow into large droplets and then they are removed from the surface. However the superhydrophobic material surface could make larger droplets bounce back causing it difficult to adhere the great mass of moisture in the mist. Droplets could be captured by superhydrophilic fog collection materials but when the surface forms a water film the tiny droplets would be difficult to condense on the surface again leading to a reduction in fog collection efficiency. In addition in the longterm process of fog collection the single wetting performance of the fog collection material is vulnerable to environmental influences which further leads to the reduction of the fog collection efficiency. In view of this more and more researchers are committed to developing fog collection materials with wetting asymmetry in order to enhance the efficiency of freshwater collection through their unique wetting gradients. In this paper based on a simple spontaneous gelation at room temperature a gel polymer matrix was mildly constructed and superhydrophobic polymer composites were formed by room temperature modification through the introduction of advanced alkyl alcohols and nanoscale inorganic biomaterials to control the microscopic morphology as well as surface energy distribution during the gelation formation. The special wettability Janus knitted fabric coating was constructed by using knitted fabrics as the substrate and friction as the means of implementation. The unidirectional moisture conduction was achieved by using its wetting asymmetry property which could significantly reduce the re-evaporation rate of the collected water and made the ambient fog transported from the superhydrophobic surface to the superhydrophilic surface in a directional manner showing the highly efficient ability of capturing the fog. The gelling polymer constructed in this paper has excellent superhydrophobic properties and after rubbing the fabric on the polyester surface of alkali reduction-treated polyester-covered cotton fabrics the fabrics exhibit unidirectional moisture conductivity. Its directional water transport capability coud be utilized to capture fog in the atmosphere which could be aggregated into water droplets for freshwater collection. When the fog flow contacts the superhydrophobic surface of the coating the small droplets would be continuously expanded into large droplets and continuously attracted by the superhydrophilic water surface. Under hydrostatic pressure and capillary effect fog spontaneously transferres to the superhydrophilic water surface for convergence and ultimately falls under the action of gravity to achieve the purpose of water collection. The superhydrophilic water surface during the collection of fog could form a water film which results in the fact that the collection of water could not be collected through the superhydrophilic water surface leading to the significant reduction in the re-evaporation rate. Therefore the unidirectional moisture-conducting coated knitted fabric prepared based on friction could achieve effective freshwater collection in a foggy atmosphere. Compared with conventional fog collection materials the Janus knitted fabric coating has a water collection of 5 mL at 40 min and from this point onwards the fog collection increases significantly the water collection at 50 min is 7. 8 mL and the total water collection after 60 min is 10. 3 mL which is an outstanding effect of fog collection in comparison with the cotton fabrics polyester-covered cotton fabrics and alkali reduction-treated polyester-covered cotton fabrics. The Janus knitted fabric coating constructed in this paper has fog collection efficiency of 10. 3 mL∕h with the possibility of solving the problems of complexity and high cost of the device fabrication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wounds are physical injuries that results in an opening or breaking of the skin. Proper healing of wounds is very essential for the restoration of disrupted anatomical continuity and disturbed functional status of the skin. Wound healing is a complex but generally orderly process. Sequential waves of specialized cell types first clear the inciting injury and then progressively build the scaffolding to fill in any resulting defect. The antibacterial potential of the crude leaves extracts of Psidium guajava Linn. against some bacteria associated with surgical wound, burns, skin and soft tissue infections were investigated under different conditions. Tridax procumbens (L.) is a spreading annual herb found throughout India. The plant is a native of tropical America and naturalized in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. Local people known it as "Ghamara," in English popularly called "coat buttons" and is dispensed for "Bhringraj" by some of the practitioners of Ayurveda. The plant has many pharmacological applications such as hepatoprotective activity, anti-infl ammatory, wound healing, anti-diabetic activity, hypotensive effect, immunomodulating property, bronchial catarrh, dysentery, and diarrhea and to prevent falling of hair promotes the growth of hair, and antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf juice possesses antiseptic, insecticidal and parasiticidal properties, as a remedy against conjunctivitis and is used also to check hemorrhage from cuts, bruises and wounds insect repellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a large-scale energy storage battery, the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) holds great significance for green energy storage. The electrolyte, a crucial component utilized in VRFB, has been a research hotspot due to its low-cost preparation technology and performance optimization methods. This work provides a comprehensive review of VRFB principles and structure, V2O5 price speculation, and VRFB electrolyte preparation and modification. The effects of three types of additives on positive and negative vanadium electrolytes are particularly emphasized. Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of the environmental and recyclability impacts of vanadium electrolyte preparation methods and additive modifications is presented. Lastly, future research directions for vanadium electrolyte preparation technology and additives to enhance performance are anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sodium alginate composite film containing pepper aromatic oil/β-cyclodextrin (PAO/β-CD) was developed to extend the storage period of cherry tomatoes. Firstly, PAO/β-CD was prepared by co-precipitation method to maintain its antimicrobial property and stability. Subsequently, a PAO/β-CD active composite membrane was prepared by adding PAO/β-CD with sodium alginate as matrix. The structure of the composite film was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile test, and the application test was carried out on cherry tomato. The results showed that the PAO/β-CD inclusion complexes prepared by the co-precipitation method had the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%, 15.49%) and loading capacity (LC%, 6.22%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and tensile tests showed that the active composite film had good properties. Storage experiments showed that the group with PAO/β-CD inclusion mass fraction of C2 (2%) (w/w) in the active composite film was superior to the groups of C1 (1%) (w/w) and C3 (3%) (w/w), as well as the groups of Control Check (CK) and sodium alginate composite film (CL) in the preservation of cherry tomatoes. Conclusion: The PAO/β-CD composite freshness retention film prepared with sodium alginate as the film-forming matrix improved the volatility and stability of PAO, and the slow release of PAO was more stable, with excellent freshness retention performance for cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore a more stable and efficient gene carrier tool by preparing cationic lipid nanobubbles as ultrasound contrast agents and to compare the preparation effects of homemade cationic lipid nanobubbles with those of ordinary lipid microbubbles. Methods Cationic lipid nanobubbles were prepared using distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) / distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPEPEG2000) / DC-cholesterol (DC-Chol) at a molar ratio of 9 0.5 1. Simple microbubbles, namely, core nanobubbles, were used as controls. The general physicochemical properties and stability of the nanobubbles in each group were measured, including particle size, surface potential, polydispersity index (PDI), etc. The morphology of the nanobubbles in each group was observed using an inverted microscope and an electron microscope, and their contrast effects in vitro were observed using an agarose gel model. Results The prepared cationic lipid nanobubbles had an average particle size of (564.35±25.93) nm, an average surface charge of (17.6±2.1) mV, a PDI of 0.30±0.16, and a concentration of (4.27±0.31)×108. The core nanobubbles had an average particle size of (582.55±16.30) nm, an average surface charge of (-7.9±1.6) mV, a PDI of 0. 37 ±0.15, and a concentration of (4.24±0.30)×108. There was a statistically significant difference in surface charge between the two groups (P<0.05). Both groups maintained good stability within 2 hours of continuous measurement and showed good contrast effects in vitro. Conclusion The homemade cationic lipid nanobubbles have high positive charges while maintaining good stability and contrast effects in vitro. This method is expected to be promoted and applied and provides a reference for ligand loading, potentially becoming an efficient and novel contrast agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As far as health benefit is concerned, dark tea is one of the best beverages in the world. Theabrownins are the major ingredient contributing to the health benefits of dark tea and known as "the soft gold in dark tea." A growing body of evidence indicated that theabrownins are macromolecular pigments with reddish-brown color and mellow taste, and mainly derived from the oxidative polymerization of tea polyphenols. Theabrownins are the main active ingredients in dark tea which brings multiple health-promoting effects in modulating lipid metabolism, reducing body weight gain, attenuating diabetes, mitigating NAFLD, scavenging ROS, and preventing tumors. More importantly, it's their substantial generation in microbial fermentation that endows dark tea with much stronger hypolipidemic effect compared with other types of tea. This review firstly summarizes the most recent findings on the preparation, structural characteristics, and health-promoting effects of theabrownins, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanism, especially the different mechanisms behind the effect of theabrownins-mediated gut microbiota on the host's multiple health-promoting benefits. Furthermore, this review points out the main limitations of current research and potential future research directions, hoping to provide updated scientific evidence for their better theoretical research and industrial utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the fabrication of magnetic hemicellulosic composite microspheres and the adsorption of copper ions are explored. The microspheres were prepared by the micro-emulsion technique, using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and hemicellulose extracted from wheat straw with the ionic liquid B[mim]Cl as a solvent. Fe3O4 nanoparticles, synthesized through coprecipitation, were evenly encapsulated within the hemicellulosic microspheres. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles measured 10–15 nm in size, while the microspheres had an average diameter of about 20 μm and displayed a saturation magnetization of 35.95 emu/g. The optimal conditions for copper adsorption by the microspheres were found to be a pH of 5.0, a temperature of 323 K, and an initial copper ion concentration of 80 mg/L, resulting in an adsorption capacity of 85.65 mg/g after 24 h. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir isotherm suggested a monomolecular layer adsorption mechanism, with a theoretical maximum capacity of 149.25 mg/g. In summary, the magnetic hemicellulosic microspheres exhibited considerable adsorption potential and favorable recycling capabilities for copper ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compare the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of Sophora flavescens and its eight different processed products, providing experimental basis for the use of different processed products of So⁃ phora flavescens in feed additives. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate RAW264.7 mouse macrophages as an in vitro anti-inflammatory model, the proliferation rate of cells was determined by CCK-8 method. The contents of TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. The contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in LPS stimulated cells were reduced by Sophora flavescens and different processed products. Bran-processed and rice-washed processed are significantly lower than raw products (P<0.01). Sophora flavescens and its different processed products have inhibitory effect on both bacteria, the MIC of carbonized-processed, branprocessed and rice-washed processed was less than that of raw Sophora flavescens, and the bacteriostasis circle was larger than that of raw Sophora flavescens (P<0.05). Sophora flavescens and its different processed products all have good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, among which bran-processed and rice-washed processed are better than raw Sophora flavescens. Therefore, bran-processed and rice-washed processed can be added to animal feed, providing ideas for the subsequent application of Sophora flavescens processed products in the feed field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]