Search

Iako su žitarice neophodan dio prehrane, pojedine žitarice mogu negativno utjecati na probavni sustav kod nekih osoba. Razlog tome jest postojanje glutena u pojedinim žitaricama. Za osobe kojima je dijagnosticirana celijakija, gluten može biti izrazito štetan. Obilnije stolice, bljedoća, osip, gubitak apetita i tjelesne težine te nezainteresiranost samo su neki od simptoma celijakije koji se mogu pojaviti u dječjoj ili odrasloj dobi. Kako bi se navedeni simptomi izbjegli, nužno je konzumirati isključivo hranu bez glutena. Ukoliko osobe oboljele od celijakije unesu gluten u svoj organizam, uništavaju se crijevne resice te se smanjuje apsorpcija hranjivih tvari što rezultira pothranjenošću. Dakle, za osobe koje boluju od celijakije, bezglutenska prehrana jedini je lijek. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada jest upoznati učenike s celijakijom (glutenskom enteropatijom) i glutenom kao glavnim uzročnikom ove bolesti. Također, ovim se radom nastoji osvijestiti učenike o posebnim prehrambenim potrebama djeteta s celijakijom i bezglutenskom dijetom kao oblikom prehrane oboljelih. Although cereals are an essential part of the diet, some cereals can negatively affect on digestive system in some people. The reason for this is the existence of gluten in certain cereals. For people who have coeliac disease, gluten can be extremely harmful. Excessive stools, paleness, rash, loss of appetite and weight, and lack of interest are just some of the symptoms of coeliac disease that can occur in childhood or adulthood. To avoid these symptoms, it is necessary to consume only gluten-free foods. If people with celiac disease take gluten into their body, the intestinal villi are destroyed and the absorption of nutrients is reduced, which results in malnutrition. So, for people suffering from celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is the only cure. The aim of this graduate thesis is to introduce students to celiac disease (gluten enteropathy) and gluten as the main cause of this disease. Also, this thesis seeks to make students aware of the special nutritional needs of children with celiac disease and gluten-free diet as a form of nutrition for patients.

Celijakija je bolest koja se može opisati kao netolerancija glutena. Gluten je protein koji nalazimo u pšeničnom zrnu. Postoje mnoge žitarice koje zamjenjuju taj pšenicu u proizvodima bez glutena, pa je stvorena dijeta koja se smatra jedinim lijekom za tu bolest. Neke od žitarica koje mogu konzumirati oboljeli od celijakije su : riža, kukuruz, pseudožitarice, sirak, amarant, heljda, soja. Kako bi proizvodi napravljeni od tih sastojaka bili bliži pšeničnom kruhu kvalitetom i okusom u njih se dodaju različiti poboljšivači, poput hidrokoloida. Također kako bi se nadomjestili proteini koji se gube manjkom glutena, u te proizvode se dodaju proteini koji potječu iz mlijeka, surimija i jaja. Celiac disease is a condition where people are intolerant to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat kernel. There are a lot of cereals that can replace wheat, so a gluten free diet was the only cure for this disease. Some of the ingredients that are allowed in gluten free diet are: rice, corn, pseudo cereals, amaranth, sorghum, soy and buckwheat. Bread production from these cereals was requesting addition some additives, like a hydrocolloids. Furthermore, in gluten free bread wheat proteins was replace with proteins from surimi, egg proteins and dairy proteins.